NGUYEN KIM LIN - Gidi phdp khdc phuc benh ndm da.
GIAI PHAP KHAC PHyC BENH NAM DA TREN THO
Nguyin Kim Lin'', Trdn Thf Hgnh\ Ngo Chung Thuy"
Khdc Thf Hue' vd Dinh Hdng Quang' 'Trung tam Nghien cihi de va tho Son Tay
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'Vifn Thii Y Trung irong -in .- Trung tam Nghien curu
Tel: 0912.144.604; Fax: (04) 33.838.341; Email: nguyenkimlin® yahoo.com j^n^X *-pac gid lien he: Nguyin Kim Lin .- Trung tam Nghien curu De va Tho - Son Tay - Ha Npi
A B S T R A C T ; ^ M/. /
Solutions to control skin fungus disease on rabbit
The experiment was carried out at 05 rabbit farms in Ba Vi - Ha Tay and Tien Lang - Hai Phong from 5/2006 to 7/2008. Associating with Veterinary Hygien Department, National Institute of Veterinary Research, a medicine was produced specialised for tteating a fiingi disease on the outer skin of rabbit. Combination between applying medicine during 04 days continuously and freating by solution of 09 gram potassium permanganate + 18 ml formol per m'' of animal housing during 07 to 10 days was gave the best way for treating this disease on rabbits.
Key words: skin disease of rabbit, medicine specialized, D A T V A N D E
Chan nudi thd cd he sd san xuat ra san pham ldn, mdt thd me khdi lupng 4 kg cd the cho 30- 50 thd thit thuong pham, tuong duong 70-150 kg thit hoi. Day la con sd ed the so sanh vdi bd lai hudng thit. Ben canh dd, thit thd cd gia tri dinh dudng cao (21% protein) lai it md {<\%)\
khdng ed cholesteron nen dupc coi la thirc pham sach va an toan, nen nhu cau tieu thu thit thd d nudc ta va tren The gidi ngay cang tang. Nam 1995 la 12.000d/kg, nam 2000 la 25.000d/kg nam 2007 la 45.000 d/kg thit thd hoi. Chan nudi thd lai tan dung tdt cac ngudn thiic an san co (rau, cd, la cay) va phe phu pham ndng nghiep (vd dau, vd lac, ngd khoai, san, thdc lep...) va phe pham nha bep nhu: com ngupi, cuong rau, ba ehe w . . .d6ng thdi thd cd the nudi d nhieu hinh thiic, quy md khac nhau tir nudi tan dung, quy md nhd trong gia dinh, den nudi tap trung.
quy md ldn (tham canh) hay nudi edng nghiep, de tao mpt s6 lupng ldn san pham hang hoa.
Nhiing nam gan day, do cac nganh chan nudi lpn va ga bi anh hudng bdi dich benh va gia luong thue, thiic an tinh tang eao, chan nudi thd da va dang phat trien manh me vdi eae hinh thiic chan nudi trong hd gia dinh va chan nudi trang trai quy md vira va ldn, Nham khac phuc nhiing thieu hut ve thue pham thit. Tuy nhien, viec chan nuoi thd vdi quy md ldn trong dieu kien mdi trudng ndng am d Viet Nam hien nay cdn gap nhieu khd khan, do mdt s6 benh lien quan den m6i trudng ndng am gay nen. Mpt trong so dd la: benh nam da thd, la benh lay lan manh, khd xir ly va gay that thoat ldn. Tu nam 2005 den nay, mdt sd trang trai chan nudi thd quy md vira va ldn da gap phai nhirng riii ro va that thoat ldn do benh nam da thd gay nen, mpt s6 trang trai quy m6 hang tram th6 cai sinh san da phai xoa so vi can benh nay. Mpt s6 loai thu6e b6i tri nam eho tho da dupc dimg de dieu tri, xong kit qua chi cd thi giam toe dp lay lan mpt thdi gian, sau dd lai tiep tue lan rdng trong dan thd va cho den nay chua cd giai phap hieu qua nao de khac phuc. Mpt s6 tac gia nudc ngoai eho thiy, benh nim da thd do nim Candida albicans cd tinh lay lan manh, gay tdn that kinh t l ldn tham chi cdn lay lan sang ca ngudi Nguyen va cs, (1996). Tir tinh hinh thirc tien do, dupc sir hpp tac va giiip do eua Vien Thii Y, nhdm nghien ciiu da th\re hien de tai cd ten tren nhim tim ra giai phap hiiu hieu khic phuc benh nam da thd de tao dieu kien cho san xuat phat triln.
Muc tieu de t a i : Tim giai phap hiiu hieu khac phuc benh nam da tho dl tao dilu kien cho san xuat phat trien.Xay dung quy trinh c6ng nghe khic phuc benh nim da tren tho.
VAT LIEU VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU Vat lifu, thoi gian, dja diem nghien ciru
Vat lieu nghien ciiu la nhirng dan thd bi benh nim da va chudng trai, khdng gian chuing nu6i dan thd nay.
Thdi gian nghien cim: tir thang 5/2006 din 7/2008
Dia diim nghien cihi: Cac trang trai chan nudi thd New Zealand, California va Thd lai bi benh nim da tai Ba vi. Ha Tay va Tien Lang, Hai Phdng.
Noi dung nghien ciru
Xae dinh chimg nim gay benh, nghien ciiu sir dung thudc tri nam da thd
Theo ddi kha nang tai nhiem sau dilu tri, Xir ly mdi trudng khdng gian chudng chan nudi chdng tai nhilm. Xay dung quy trinh cdng nghe xir ly benh nim da thd.
Phvong phap nghien ciru
Quan sat dien biln benh, ghi chep, lap phac dd va bieu theo ddi dien bien benh. Phan loai benh theo vi tri va miic dd lan rdng cua vimg da bi nam theo ky thuat xet nghiem Vi sinh vat y hpc. NXB. Van hda (1996)
Liy miu benh phim la vimg da thd bi benh dem nudi cay tren thach Sabouraud, ti am cac dia thach da nu6i eiy trong tii am 37°C trong vdng 48h, sau dd lay cac dia thach ra de d nhiet dp phdng sau 5 - 8 ngay, quan sat hinh thai khuan lac, tinh chat mpc cua nam tren mdi trudng thach, phiet kinh, nhupm va quan sat hinh thai te bao nam dudi kinh hien vi dien tir, tir eac dac tinh quan sat dupc tien hanh dinh loai nam theo phuong phap phan loai nam cua Czap - Peek Thir nghiem dieu tri thd benh bang thudc tri nam da thd eua Bd mdn Ve sinh thii y - Vien Thii Y. Bd tri thd benh thanh cac nhdm theo miic dp benh nang nhe -i-;-i--i-;-l--t--l- va -i--l--h-l- dieu tri bang each bdi thudc lien tuc 3 ngay m6i ngay 1 lan, theo ddi viing da benh sau Ituan.
X6ng hoi sat trimg nam trong kh6ng gian chu6ng nu6i bang h6n hpp thu6c tim 9g/m^ va phooemon 37-40% 18ml/m^; u kin khong gian chu6ng nuoi trong 7-10 ngay.
Phuong phap dat thach kiem tra dp nhiem nam trong m6i trudng nudi bang each dat thach Sabouraud 10 phiit trong mdi trudng chudng nudi, bao quan d dn dp tu lanh 4-7°C trudc khi dua tdi phdng thi nghiem. (Nudi cay trong mdi trudng thach Sabouraud nhu d phan phan lap va quan sat khuan lac mpc, danh gia chimg loai sd lupng va miic dp mpc cua khuan lac nam benh bang each spi kinh hien vi). De cac dia thach Sabouraud nay d tu am 37°C, theo ddi, phan lap va dem sd lupng khuan lac nam mpc tren cae dia thach
KET QUA VA THAO LUAN Mo ta benh va xae djnh chung loai nam benh
Benh nam da thd thudng phat trien va lay lan manh vao mua mua, khi nhiet dp va dp am mdi trudng cao d noi thieu anh sang. Benh xuat hien tren tit ca cac loai thd nhung min cam va lay lan manh hon d thd eon theo me va thd sau cai sira. Bat dau thudng la nhiing cham nhd trdn mau trang d cac vi tri mi rnat, tai, sau dd cac vit benh lan rpng ra thanh eae vimg mau tring trdn nhu ciic ao, ddng xu rdi lan ra eac vimg da khac nhu dau, 4 chan, diii, bung va hai ben sudn. Dua vao tien trien cua benh va miic dp nang nhe ma phan ra 3 miic dp benh nhu sau:
Bang 1. Phan loai miic dp benh nang nhe
Miic dp benh Vj tri vimg da benh Viing da bj nam Ghi chii + Tai nho nhu hat tam den hat dau Nhe, giai doan dau ++ Tai, mi mit To bing cue ao, ding xu Mirc dp nang hon
Viing da diu, mom va 4 chan To bing hat dau, ciic ao, ding xu Miic dp nang hon Co, minh (bung, sudn, quanh mure dp to nho khac nhau Miic dp nang nhit ca quan sinh due)
NGUYEN KIM LIN - Gidi phdp khdc phuc benh ndm da..
Qua nudi ciy, phan lap va dinh loai nim trong 30 mlu da thd benh lay tai 4 trang trai nudi thd tai Ba Vl - Ha Tay va 1 trang trai nudi thd tai Tien Lang ^ Hai Phdng. Ket qua cho thiy, ca 30 mau deu duong tinh vdi nim da va cd nhieu kha nang la bi nhiem nam Candida albicans (Bang 2).
Bang 2. Kit qua xae dinh miic dp eae khuan lac nam trong mdi trudng nudi cay :'.,'. ^ ' mau benh pham.
Dan tho so Dja chi So mau benh So mau xuat hien __^ pham duong tinh
Ong Lan Yen Bai, Ba Vi, Ha Tay - 10 Ong Duong Van Hoa, Ba Vi, Ha Tay , 5 5
BaXinh Tan Linh, Ba Vi, Ha Tay " 5 . 5
Ong Cudng ^- ;, Phu Son, Ba Vi, Ha Tay 5 " 5 HTX Cap Tien Tien Lang, Hai Phong 5 5
Tong cpng 30 30 Ket qua dieu trj bfnh bang thuoc tri nam da tho .> s ^ >
Thd benh dupc phan loai theo mirc dp nhiem benh va liia tudi (Bang 3). Thd sau cai sira cd ty le nhiem benh cao hon cac loai thd khac, trong sd thd benh, miic dp + + la cao nhat.
Ban]
Mirc do benh Sinh san
Hau hi 2-4 thang Cai sira 1-2 thang Theo me
Toan dan
g 3: Ket Tong
dan 355 486 758 852 2451
qua dieu tra phan loai miic dp nhiem benh theo lira tuoi So con bj
benh 104 201 484 324 1113
Tyle
(%) con 29,30 25 41,36 55 63,85 157 38,03 85 43,13 322
-1- + + ty le con ty le
(%) (%) 24,04 45 43,27 27,36 86 42,79 32,44 205 42,36 26,23 124 38,27 27,52 460 41,67
+ -I- + con Ty le
(%) 19 18,27 35 17,41 77 15,91 63 19,44 194 17,76
-I--I--I- + con
15 25 45 52 137
tyle
(%j
14,42 12,44 9,30 16,05 13,05 Thd benh dupc bdi thudc tri nam da thd mdi ngay 1 lan lien tuc trong 3 ngay, theo ddi miic dp lanh vet benh sau khi b6i lan dau tien 1 tuan, nhirng vimg da benh khoi se kh6 ya bong vay rdi len ldp da non va mpc ldng va khdng xuat hien vet benh mdi hay lan rdng tir vet benh cii thi dupc coi la khdi benh, ket qua nhu d Bang 4.
Bang 4 cho thay: Ty le khdi benh cao hon d thd sinh san, va thap nhat d thd theo me, benh cang nhe thi ty le khdi cang cao. Nhirng thd khdng khdi thudng cd bieu hien xuat hien vung da benh d chd khac hay benh lan ra viing xung quanh vet benh dupe dieu tri, thudng gap d nhimg thd bi nam nang, vet benh rdng va d tren minh thd (dau, bung, hai ben diii va sudn) hay thd eon theo me va sau cai sira ciing khd dieu tri hon; nhung thd nay thudng phai bdi keo dai nhieu dot sau dd gay mdn dan rdi chet, nhat la thd con theo me va thd sau cai siia, ty le chet din 60-70%.
Bang 4. Dieu tri thd benh bang thudc tri nam da thd cua BM Ve sinh thii y- Vien Thii Y Miic do
benh Sinh san Hau bi 2-4 thang Cai sira
1-2 thang Theo me Toan dan
Tong so dieu trj
104 201 484 324 1113
Tyle khoi 79,87 65,87 56,87 37,20 59,96
+ So dieu trj (con)
25 55 157
85 322
Khoi (%) 91,5 75,7 65,6 45,5 69,58
+ + So dieu trj (con)
45 86 205
124 460
Khoi (%) 85,5 69,5 61,3 41,2 64,38
+ + + So dieu trj (con)
19 35 77 63 194
Khoi (%) 75,3 64,6 54,8 36,8 57,88
+ + + + So dieu Khoi trj (con) (%)
15 67,2 25 53,7 45 45,8 52 25,3 137 48,00
Kha nang tai nhiem va lan rong b|nh sau dilu trj
Sau khi dilu tri nhirng thd khdi benh tilp tuc dupc nudi chung trong dan va theo ddi ty le tai nhilm benh. Thd khdi benh dupe coi la tai nhiem khi xuat hien vimg da benh tren vimg da dupe dilu tri khdi va d viing da khac. Kit qua xae dinh miic dp tai nhiem d Bang 5.
Bang 5. Miic dp tai nhiem benh sau tuin dilu tri 2 tuan va 4 tuin Miic dd benh
Sinh san
Hau bj 2-4 t Cai sQa:l-2
Theo me Toan dan
hang thang
T6ng s6 tai nhiem con % /s6
kh6i 24 28,77 42 31,43 118 42,70
57 47,07 214 32,07
2 tuan (%) 1,30 1,42 2,48 2,37 1,69
•f
4 tuan (%) 3,22 2,98 5,93 5,79 4,00
-I--I-
2 tuan (%) 2,18 2,39 4,01 5,01 3,01
4 tuan (%) 5,52 6,05 8,44 10,47
6,80
-I- + -I-
2 tuan (%) 3,59 3,92 4,75 5,81 4,05
4 tuan (%) 8,01 9,26 11,81 12,84 9,40
-I--I--I- +
2 tuan (%) 5,41 5,92 7,17 7,80 5,92
4 tuan (%) 12,01 13,15 16,52 17,96 13,41 D I xem xet kha nang han chi lay lan benh tir thd nim sang thd laiih trong ciing mdi trudng chan nudi, 02 trang trai da thirc hien each ly sl thd benh ra khu chudng rieng de dieu tri va so sanh vdi 03 chudng khac khdng each ly thd benh trong qua trinh dieu tri.
Bang 6. Kha nang lay lan benh trong thdi gian dieu tri thd nam Loai thd
* Khong cach ly the Sinh san
Hau bj 2-4 thang Cai sira: 1-2 thang tudi Theo me Cong 1
Tdng dan ) benhn
266 374 606 648 1894
Sdthd dieu tri
= 3 trai 79 161 387 259 890
Sdthd khdi
62 99 206
90 500
Tyle khdi (%) 78,86 61,76 53,32 34,88 56,21
T - f
So bj lai Ty le/ sd sau 4
tuan 20 34 96 47 175
khdi (%) 31,45 34,37 46,68 51,46 35,06
Sdthd bi benh
them 9 37 81 33 160
Tyle/
tdng dan (%) 3,38 9,89 13,36
5,10 8,45
*Cd each ly thd benh: n= 2 trai Sinh san
Hau bj 2-4 thang Cai sira 1 -2 thang Theo me
Cdng 2
*Toan dan
89 112 152 204 557 2451
25 40 97 65 223 1113
21 33 69 30 167 667
83,07 82,34 71,09 46,50 74,95 65,58
4 7 21
10 39 214
20,71 22,63 30,74 33,89 23,09 29,08
1 4 7 5 17 177
1,13 3,58 4,62 2,45 3,05 5,75 Trong thdi gian dieu trj thd nam, sd tho chira khoi bi tai nhiem va s6 thd khoe mdi bi benh them dupc theo ddi theo hai Id dieu trj khdng each ly thd nam va dieu trj each ly thd nam trong vdng 4 tuan, ket qua thu dupc d Bang 6.
Bang 6 cho thiy, sl thd dupc chiia khdi benh bj tai nhiem la tuong duong nhau d Id dieu tri each ly so vdi dilu trj khdng each ly song sd thd mdi nhiem benh la cao hon rd ret d 16 dieu tri kh6ng each ly.
NGUYEN KiM LIN - Gidi phdp khdc phuc benh ndm da..
Xu-ly moi trtrdng chuong nudi chong tai nhiem '• ' ' - : • ' . , o ' • ;• . • Qua theo ddi ting sl 5 trang trai bi benh nim da th6 tir nam 2005 din 7/2008 cho thiy, sau khi dilu tri th6 van tai nhiem, va bi mdi, hau het thd con theo me va thd sau cai siia sau vai dot dilu tri thudng sinh ra ia chay va chet. Do do, viec dieu trj lien mien gay tdn kem va khdng hieu qua. Kit qua phan tich trinh bay tai Bang 7.
Bang 7. Ket qua xir ly chdng nam khdng gian chudng nuoi Cac chi tieu
Dja chi Phuong phap che phu
Trai 1 Tan LTnh, Ba Vi,
Ha Tay Bat diia xung quanh, ddng cira
Trai 2 Tan LTnh, Ba Vi,
Ha Tay Bat diia xung quanh, dong cua
Trai 3 Phil Son, Ba
Vi, Ha Tay Bat dua xung quanh, ddng cira
Trai 4 c i p Tien, Tien Lang, Hai Phdng Bat dura xung quanh, ddng cua
*Lan thii nhat
Xir ly x6ng 9gr thuoc tim -1- 18ml foocmon/m^
Mdbat
Dat thach 10 phiit Sd dTa thach So dTa cd nam benh Khuan lac/dTa
10/10/2007 17/10/2007 20/10/207
6 6 7,2
10/10/2007 17/10/2007 20/10/2007
4 4 9,6
15/10/2007 22/10/2007 25/10/2007 . 5 .
•:'-• 2
^^ 1,5
11/3/2008 18/3/2008 21/3/2008
8 3
- . , - . . : 2 - '.•:-'
*Lan thii hai
Xir ly xdng 9gr thudc tim + 18ml phoocmon/m^
Sd dTa thach
Sd dTa cd nam benh
31/10/2007 6 0
31/10/2007 4
0 ' . ; • ^ •••! ' • . ; . •
'•
Trang trai quy md ldn nhat 250 thd cai cua dng Nguyen Viet Lan xa Yen Bai, Ba Vi, Ha Tay da tieu buy toan bd dan thd va xoa trai, chuyen sang trdng nam. 4 trang trai cdn lai dupe sir dung thudc tim 9g/m3 va fooc mdn 18ml/m3 de xir ly khdng gian chudng nudi, phuong phap tien hanh nhu sau: Dimg vai bat che kin xung quanh chudng. Xir ly va ddng kin cira de 1 tuan rdi md cira, bd vai bat ehe phu xung quanh ra, sau 3 ngay dat dia thach vao cac vi tri phan bd deu trong chu6ng de 10 phiit r6i dem ve phdng thi nghiem phan tich.
Bang 7 eho thay, sau khi kiem tra tren thach thay trong 4 trai nudi thd cd 2 chudng nudi thd tai Tan LTnh, Ba Vi, Ha Tay cdn cac khuan lac nam benh mpc miic dp 7,2 va 9,6 khuin lac/dia, 02 chudng thd cua trang trai sd 3 va 4 nhieu dTa thach thiy khuin lac nim benh, cd mpt vai dTa thach cd 1-3 dTa khuan lac mpc/dTa, tnmg binh 1,5 va 2 khuin lae/dTa; da tiln hanh xdng hdn hpp thudc tim (9g/m3) va phdc mdn 18 ml/m3 lan thii hai sau lin thii nhit 3 tuin, sau 1 tuan u va 2 ngay md cho thdng thoang mSi chu6ng dat lai 5 dTa thach Sabouraud trong 10 phiit r6i dua ve phdng thi nghiem kiem tra, ket qua tit ca cac dTa thach diu khdng cdn nim benh mpc. Cae chudng nudi thd eua ca 4 trang trai dupe xir ly xdng hdn hpp thudc tim va phdc mdn nhu tren dupc dua nhirng thd khdi benh va khoe manh (loai hit cac thd cd vit da benh) vao nudi va theo ddi den thang 7/2008, thd sinh trudng phat triln binh thudng, tren eac Ilia tuoi thd tir theo me den cai sira, hau bj va sinh san deu khdng thiy hien tupng benh xuit hien trd lai.
Xay dirng quy trinh cong nghe xir ly benh nam da tho
De dieu tri triet dl benh nam da thd can thue hien nghiem ngat mdt sd giai phap tong hpp sau:
Cach ly toan bp th6 benh ra mpt khu chuing rieng biet. Dimg thulc nim cua Bp m6n Ve sinh thii y, Vien Thii y) boi vao viing da benh lien tuc 4-5 ngay (llin/ngay). Tang cudng anh sang va han chi dp im chuing nu6i tho. Ve sinh tiy ue chu6ng nuoi thd, phun foormon, rac vdi bdt de ban che lay lan benh.
Trudng hpp benh tilp tuc lan rdng cin loai thai toan bd thd benh, thue hien chIng chudng va xdng chudng bang hdn hpp thudc tim va foormon nhu sau:
=> Chuyen het thd benh ra khdi chudng (de tr6ng chuong)
=> Che chin kin chu6ng de giir hoi x6ng dupc lau (ciia, bat....)
=> X6ng chuing: 9gr thulc tim 4- 18 ml foormon/m^ kh6ng khi chuing nudi da che chan kin (7-10 ngay)
=> Md bat che va cira cho thdng thoang 1 tuin trudc khi dua thd vao nudi lai.
KET LUAN VA DE NGHI Ket luan
Sir dung Thudc tri nam da thd ciia Bd mdn Ve sinh thii y-Vien Thii y dieu tri benh nam da thd dat hieu qua cao 85-90% tren thd trudng thanh mac benh nhe miic (+) va (+ +), thd mac benh nang va cac giai doan thd theo me, sau cai sira ty le khdi benh thap hon. Sau khi dupc dieu tri khdi benh, thd de mac benh nam da trd lai nhat la ddi vdi thd non (theo me va sau cai siia). Ty le thd tai nhiem benh sau dieu tri 4 tuan la khoang 28-31% d thd trudng thanh va hau bi, khoang 45 - 47% d thd theo me va cai siia.
Benh nam da thd lay lan manh, tir thd benh sang thd khoe nudi cimg chudng, viec dieu trj each ly nhiing thd nam cd tac dung giam miic dp lay lan benh trong dan (3,05% so vdi 8,45%). Sir dung hdn hpp thudc tim 9 gdm' va foocmon 18ml/m^ de xdng va li kin khdng gian chudng nudi trong thdi gian 7 ngay cd hieu qua tdt d6i vdi viec ve sinh m6i trudng chudng trai chdng tai nhiem.
De nghj
Cdng nhan ket qua nghien ciiu su dung thudc tri nam da thd va phuong phap xdng chudng trai bang hdn hpp thudc tim va phdc mdn ciia de tai la tien bd ky thuat.
Cdng nhan quy trinh xir ly chdng benh nam va cho phep ling dung trong san xuit dl khic phuc benh nam da tren thd. Mdt sd nghien ciiu d nudc ngoai cho thiy benh nim da ed lay sang ngudi. Tiep tuc nghien ciiu ve kha nang lay lan sang ngudi va cac giai phap khic phuc.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
Nha xuat bin VSn hod, (1996). Ky thuat xet nghiem Vi sinh vat y hpc.
Candida albicans. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candida_albicans Candida albicans, http://www.healthscout.com/ency/68/312/main.html
Nguyen MH, Peacock JE Jr, Morris AJ, Tanner DC, Nguyen ML, Snydman DR, Wagener MM, Rinaldi MG, Yu VL, (1996). The changing face of candidemia: emergence of non-Candida albicans species and antifungal resistance.Jun ; 100(6): P.617-623.
*Ngu-6i phin bi^n : Ths. Tang Xuan Luu ; Ths. Nguyen The Hiing (VTY).