TAP CHl LUAT HQC S 6 2fl017 NGHIEN ciru - TRAO Bdi
DAO DAM QIIYIN YtU cXu TOA AN
GIAI Q P ^ TDANH C H X P TDONG T 6 TUNG DAN SU
NGUYiN TH! THU9HANG * Tom tdt: Bdi viit phdn tich mpt sd bdt egp cua pht^ lugt hi?n hdnh ve quyin yiu cdu tod dn gidi quyel iranh chdp trong td tyng ddn sy va di xudt mpt sd kiin nghi bdo ddm thuc hiin quyin ndy.
Tic khod: Gidi quyet tranh chap; quyin yeu cdu; to tmg ddn sy.
Nhgn b&i: 28/8/2016 Hodn thdnh bien tgp: 24/02/2017 Duy^t ddng: 07/3/2017 ENSURING THE RIGHT TO REQUEST COURTS T O RESOLVE DISPUTES IN CIVIL PROCEDURE
Abstract: The paper analyses some inadequacies of the current law on tlie right to request courts to resolve disputes in civil procedure and offers some suggestions for ensuring the exercise of this right.
Keywords: resolving disputes; right to request; civil procedure.
Received: Aug 2S'^ 2076; Editing completed: Feb 24*, 2077,- Accepted for publication: Mar 7*, 2017.
1. Quyen khdi k i | n cua d m m g s y trong to tung d a n sir
Quyin khdi kien 1& mdt trong nhftng nhdm quydn td tung thugc quyen con ngudi dugc ghi nhan trong Tuygn ngdn thg gidi ve quyen con ngudi nam 1948 va c&c cdng udc qudc te khac. Theo do, "Mpr ngu&i deu cd quyen dufrc cdc tod dn qudc gia cd thdm quyin bdo bdng cdc bi0n phdp huu hiiu de chdng lgi nhirng hdnh vi vi phgm cdc quyen can bdn cua ho md da duac hiin phdp hay phdp lugt quy dinh". CJ Viet Nam, quyen khdi kien dugc ghi nhan trong Hign phap va
* GiSng viSn, Trirdng D^i hpc Lu|t, O^i hgc Hul E-mail: [email protected] (l).Xem: Trung tam nghien cim quyin con nguiri vh quyen c6ng dan, Khoa luSt, D^i hoc quic gia Ha Npi, Ludi nhan quyen quoc ti - Nhimg van de co ban, Nxb.
Lao dOng - xa hOi, Hi Noi, 2011, tr. 235.
dupc cy thg ho& trong phap lueit td tyng dan sy. Tuy nhien, hieu nhu the n&o ve quydn khdi kidn cfta duong su de b&o d&m thyc hien quyen n&y mpt c&ch hieu qu&, trong thyc te hi^n nay dang tdn tai hai c&ch hieu:
Cach hieu thft tihat, bao d&m quygn khdi kien eua duong su trong td tyng dan su chfnh 1& bao d&m quyen kbdi ki?n cua nguydn dan.
Bdi vi theo Tft dien tieng Viet tht "khdi" 1&
"dau". Do vay, bao dam quygn khdi kien 1&
bao dam quygn cfta ngudi thyc hien hanh vi khdi kien dau tien, dd chfnh la nguyen don hoac ngudi dai dipn hpp phap cfta hp.
Cach hieu thft hai, b&o dam quyin khdi kien cfta duong sy trong td tyng dan sy khdng chi bao gdm bao d&m quydn khdi kien cfta nguygn don ma cdn b&o d&m quyin phan td cfta bj don va quygn yeu clu dde lap cua ngudi CO quyen lgi, nghTa vu lien quan.
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TAP CHI LUAT HQC SO 2/2017 NGHI&N CVV - TRAO Bdi v l ban ch&t, ygu clu phan to cfta bi don
hay ygu clu dpc lap cua ngudi cd quyen lgi, nghTa vy lidn quan ciing 1& ydu cau khdi kipn.
Ph&p luat td tyng d&n sy ghi nhan bing c&c thuat ngft khac nhau nhu "phan td" hay
"ygu clu dpc lap" thyc ra la dg phan biet cac duang sy trong mpt vu kien dan sy.
Theo Tft diln thu|it ngft ph&p lu&t Phap-Viet thi "quyin kh&i ld?n Id quyin cua cd nhdn hay phdp nhdn dua dan yiu cdu tod dn bdo ve quyin vd lpi ich hap phdp cua minh khi bi xdm hgi".^^^ Nhu v|iy, nguai khdi kien ph&i CO don khdi kien nhung ngudi bi kien khi mudn chdng lai nguygn don cung ph&i cd don phan td v& ngudi cd quygn lgi, nghTa vu lien quan cd ygu cau ddc lap ciing ph&i cd dan ydu cau ddc lap n l u yen clu tD& an bao ve quyin va lgi ich hgp ph&p ciia minh. Do dd, bao dam quyen khdi kien cua duong su trong td tyng d&n su ndn dugc higu theo quan d i l m thft hai. B&i vilt nay de c&p vi?c b&o dam quyin cfta duang sy trong td tung dan sy bao g i m quyin khdi kien cua nguyen dan, quyin ph&n td ciia bi dan v& quygn ydu clu ddc lap cfta ngudi cd quyen lgi, nghTa vu lidn quan.
2. Bao dam quyen khoi ki^n cua dmmg su- trong to tung d a n s v
2.7. Bdo ddm quyen kh&i kien cua ngu&i kh&i kien
Viec x&c dinh chu thg cd quyin khdi kien 1& ygu clu tit ylu ddi vdi phap luat td tung dan sy. Quyin khdi kien vu an dan su thudc v l tit ca c&c chu thi co quyin va lpi
fch can dugc b&o v? ttong c&c quan he ph&p lu^t v l dSn sy, hdn nhan v& gia dinh, kinh doanh thuang mai, lao d$ng. Theo do, "cd nh&n, ca quan, td chirc cd quyin tu minh hogc thdng qua ngu&i dgi dien hpp phdp khdi kien vy dn (sau day gpi chung Id ngu&i kh&i kiin) tgi tod dn di yeu cdu bdo v4 quyin vd lgi ich h^ phdp cua minh".^^^
Vg nguygn t i c , c&c chft the cd quydn, lpi fch hpp ph&p bi xam pham cd the ty minh khdi kien hoac dugc chu the cd thim quyin khdi kien theo quy dinh cfta ph&p luat. Van de dugc dat ra nghidn cuu tft thuc tien ap dung quy dinh ve b&o dam quyen khdi kien cua chu t h i mang quyen ddi vdi ngudi thft ba. Khoan 1 Didu 74 Luat thi h&nh &n dan su quy dinh: "Hit th&i hgn 15 ngdy ki tic ngdy nhgn duac thdng bdo md ngu&i duac thi hdnh dn khdng yeu cdu tod dn gidi quyit thi chdp hdnh vien yiu cdu xdc dinh phdn quyin sa hiru tdi sdn, phdn quyen sir dung ddt cua ngu&i phai thi hdnh dn trong khoi tdi sdn chimg theo thu tuc td tung ddn su". Nhu v^y, nlu nguai dugc thi h&nh &n tiln h&nh khdi kien dg x&c dinh quygn sd hftu ciia ngudi cd nghia vu vdi minh thi viec khdi kifn la hop h' v& hp tham gia td tung vdi tu c&ch 1&
nguygn dan trong vy an. Tuy nhign, tnidng hpp ngudi khdi kien la c h i p h&nh vign thi vi?c xac dinh tu each tham gia td tung nhu thg nao? V&n d l n&y chua cd sy thfing nhit dudi c& gdc dp luat thyc dinh v& thuc tien &p dung, dac biet khi trong dudng ldi xet xft cua To& &n nhan dan tdi cao k h i n g dinh: "Dia vi (2) Xem: Tir diin ihugi ngu phdp lugt Phdp - Vi?t,
Nxb. Tir diSn bSch.khoa Ha N§i, 2009, tr. 34. (3).Xem: Dieu 186 BLTTDS nSm 2015.
TAP CHf LUAT HOC S 6 2/2017 NGHIEN CVV - TRAO Bdi td tung ciia duang su trong mdt vii kien phdn
dnh quan hi giira cdc duang sy vai nhau trong mpt qiian he phdp luqit nhdt dinh ndo do: Ngu&i c6 quyin lpi bf xdm phgm tru&c tod dn vdi tu cdch Id nguyin dan vd ngu&i cd quyin lpi nghia vu tien quan hogc phdi chiu trdch nhiim tham gia v^ kiin & vi tri bf dan"}-'^^ Dat trong mdi quan he gifta cac ducmg su v& tft khai niem duong sy trong Bp luat td tyng dan sy (BLTTDS) khdng t h i x&c dinh dugc tu each tham gia td tyng cua chap h&nh vien. Trong mpt vu kien, theo quan niem truyen thdng se hinh thanh hai bdn duang sy ddi lap 1& nguygn don v& bi dan.
Neu x&c dinh chap hanh vign l&nguygn don thi ai 1& bi don? thdng thudng bi don phai cd quygn lpi, nghTa vu ddi lap voi nguydn don.
Cang khdng thg x&c dinh chap h&nh vien tham gia td tung vdi tu each 1& ngirdi dai dien. Neu vay chap hanh vidn khdi kidn dih b&o ve quygn lgi cho ngudi dugc thi hanh an hay ngudi ph&i thi h&nh an?
Mat kh&c, thong thudng dg x&c dinh tu each tham td tung cfta cac ducmg sy trong vu kien, to& an thudng dya v&o tinh chat cua vu kien hoSc quan hp ph&p luat cd tranh chip de x&c dinh chu thd cd quygn khdi kien va chu thg c6 quyin bj kien. Nhung ngu &p dung cy thg ddi vdi trudng hpp chap h&nh vidn khdi kien vu an thi khdng the x&c dinh dupc. Cd ^ kien nhan dinh, nha lam luat cho phep eh&p h&nh vien cd quygn ygu c l u to& &n xac dinh quyen sd hftu cfta ngudi phai thi h&nh &n
trong khdi t&i s&n chung vdi ngudi kh&c 1&
x&m lln quyin dinh doat cua ngudi dugc thi h&nh &n v& sd g&y ra khdng it tranh luan ve vipc xac dinh tu c&ch td tyng cfta chip hanh vien trong vu kien.' *
Thiet nghT, quy dinh nay chi hgp li ngu viec khdi kipn nay de ke bien tai s&n sung quy nh& nudc ho$c thu hdi tien &n phi. Nhu vay, trong trudng hpp nay, chft thi dugc quyen khdi kien ph&i 1& c a quan thi h&nh &n de b&o ve lgi fch nha nudc thudc ITnh vyc mtnh phu tr&ch.
2.2. Bdo ddm quyen dua rayeu cdu phan td cUa bj dem
Phan t l I& quyen cfta bi don trong vy an dSn sy, dd I& viec bi don kien ngugc lai nguygn don hoac ngudi cd quyin lgi, nghTa vy lien quan cd ygu cau ddc lap. Ban chat viec phan to cua bi don ciing la yeu cau khdi kidn nen c6 ihe khai kifn th&nh vu an rigng biet. Nhung vi co lien quan den yeu cau khdi kifn cua nguydn don hoSc yeu c l u cua ngudi cd quyen lgi, nghTa vu lien quan ddc lap nen dugc xem xet, gi&i quyet ygu can phan td cua bi dan trong ciing mpt vy &n sg b&o d&m viec gi&i quygt vu &n chfnh x&c, kh&ch quan ban.
Theo quy dinh tai Dilu 200 BLTTDS nam 2015, ydu clu ph&n td cua bi don d l i vdi nguydn dom, ngudi cd quygn lgi, nghTa vy lign quan cd ydu clu dpc lap dugc chip nhan khi thudc mpt trong c&c trudng hgp sau day:
Thic nhdt, yeu cau phan td de bu trft nghTa vu vdi yeu cau cua nguj^n don, ngudi cd quyin lpi, nghTa vu lien quan cd yeu clu dgc lap;
(4).Xem: Cong v3n so 5-NCPL ngSy 29/6/1966 ciia Toa in nhan dan toi cao ve tu each bj don trong vu ki^n d ^ si;.
{5).Xem: TrSn Anh Tuan, "Quy^n khoi ki^n vi vi?c xic dinh tu cdch tham gia to tyng", Tgp chi tod dn nhan dan, kj 1 thing 12, s6 23/2008. tr. 18.
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TAP CHI L U A T H Q C S O 2/2017 NGHIEN CVtl - TRAO Bdl Th^ hai, ygu clu ph&n td dugc chap nhan
d&n din loai trft viec chip nh&n mOt phan ho&c toan bp ydu clu cfta nguydn dan, ngudi cd quyin lpi, nghta vu lidn quan cd ydu can dOc lap;
Thic ba, gifta ydu clu phan td va ygu cau cua nguygn dan, ngudi cd quygn lgi, nghTa vu lidn quan cd ygu clu dpc l^p cd su lidn quan vdi nhau v& neu dugc gi&i quylt trong c&ng mpt vu &n thi lam cho viec gi&i quydt vu &n dugc chfnh x&c v& nhanh hem.
Khi dua ra ygu cau phan td, bi don luon d trong thg chft ddng: "Bf dan la ngu&i dua ra yeu cdu phdn td ddi vai nguyin dan, do dd bi dan se hodn todn chii ddng chudn hi day dii tdi li^u, chung cu de chimg minh cho yeu cdu cua minh Id cd cdn cic vd hap phdp.
Nguyin dan phdi trd l&i yiu cdu phdn td cua bi dan (chdp nhgn hogc khdng chdp nhdn mpt phdn hogc todn bp yiu cdu) nhung do &
thi bi dpng, bi bdt ng& truac yeu cdu phdn Id cua bi dan dua ra tgi phiin tod nen khdng chudn bi tdi lieu, chung cu de phdn bdc lgi dupc {trong tru&ng hap khdng chdp nhgn mpt phdn hogc todn bp yiu cdu). Diiu ndy ldm chiing ta cd thi lien tu&ng giong nhu mot trgn chien md mdt ben cd vii khi vd mpt hen khong cd vH khi. Thi mgnh duang nhien se ihupc ve ben cd VM khi(bi (?tm)".'^'
Do do, thdi han bi don cd quyen dua ra ygu clu phan td 1& trudc thdi dilm md phidn hpp kiem tra viec giao npp, tilp can, cong
(6) Xem Nguyen Thj Hanh, "ThCri han bi don co quyen yeu c^u p h ^ t6 trong 16 lyng dSn su". Tgp cki toa dn nhan ddn, s6 2/2011, tr. 38.
khai chftng cft v& hoa gi&i.''' Vdi quy dinh n&y, ph&p lu$t tao dieu kifn cho nguydn don.
ngudi cd quygn lgi, nghTa vu lign quan cd thdi gian nhat dinh de thu thap chftng cu nhim chong l^i ydu clu phan td cfta bi dan.
Tuy nhidn, khi dat van de quyin yeu clu phan td thi BLTTDS nSm 2015 chi dat ra quygn ph&n to cfta bi don vdi nguyen dan vS ngudi cd quyin lgi, nghTa vu Iidn quan cd y6u clu dpc lap ma khdng d$t ra yeu cau ph&n tl cfta nguygn dan vdi ngudi cd quyen lgi. nghTa vu lign quan c6 ygu cau dfic lap 1& chua phii hpp. Do do, xet dudi gdc dp b&o d&m quyen thi quyin v& lgi ich hgp ph&p cfta nguyen don chua thyc su dugc b&o d&m. Vi vay, thidt nghT ca quan nh& nudc cd thim quyin khi ban h&nh nghi quygt hudng dan thi hanh BLTTDS nam 2015 cln bd sung quyin phan tl cua nguygn don trong vu kifn dan sy.
Van de tigp theo cln ph&i xem xdt dl b ^ d&m thyc hifn quyen ph&n td cfta bj dan IS tbeo quy dinh tai Dilu 200 BLTTDS nam 2015 tht bi dan cd quyen dua ra ygu cau phan to ddi voi nguydn dan v& ngudi c6 quyen lgi, nghTa vy lign quan cd ygu clu ddc iap. Tnrong hpp bi dan khdng tham gia tl tyng ma ngudi dai dien theo uy quyen cfta ho tham gia tht c6 thg thyc hifn quyin phan to nhu bi don hay khdng nlu trong van ban uy quygn cfta bi dan c6 phan uy quyin phan tl?
Thuc tien ap dung vin dl n&y dang tin tai hai quan diem. Quan dilm thft nhit cho ring, ban chit cfta ydu clu phan td chfnh I& yeu cau khdi kifn. Do do, yeu clu ph&n to phai
{7).Xem: Khoin 3 Diku 200 BLTTDS nSm 2015.
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TAP CHI LUAT HQC S6 2/2017 NGHIEN CW - TRAO BOI
do bi don tryc tilp thuc hifn tftc la ki v&o don phan td. Nen ngudi dai difn theo uj- quyin khdng dupc thuc hien quyin phan tl.'^'
Quan dilm thft hai cho ring, khi xem xdt van de n&y chung ta phai d$t trong moi lidn hf vdi c&c quy dinh kh&c cfta BLTTDS v&
che dinh uy quyen trong Bp lu|it dan sy.'^*
Khi tham gia td tyng, duang sy dugc quygn uy quyen cho ngudi kh&c d^i dien thay m§t minh: "Ngu&i dgi di^n theo uy quyen trong td tmg ddn su thuc hiin quyin, nghia vu td iung ddn su cua duang su theo npi dung vdn bdn uy quyen".
T&c gia nhat tri cho ring ban chit ydu clu ph&n td 1& ydu clu khdi kifn, cho phdp uy quygn khdi kifn. Neu ph&p luat ghi nhan eho phep uy quyen khdi kien tht giai quyet duge van de uy quygn vg phan td. Bdi vi, xet den ciing thi ban chat cfta khdi kien v&
ph&n td ddu 1& mpt va nham muc dich bao d&m quyin khdi kien cfta duong sy trong to tung dan su.
B&o d&m quyen phan td cfta bi dan phai dugc dat trong mdi quan hf h&i ho& v& binh d&ng vdi c&c chu tiie tranh chap kh&c trong cftng mdt vy &n. Nhat 1& khi cbiing ta thong nhat ygu c&u ph&n td cung chfnh la yeu cau
(8).Xem: Thii Chi Binh, "Quy dfnh vi yeu cdu phdn to, yeu cdu dgc lgp, vuong mdc, kien nghi hodn thi4n", nguon: http://moj.gov.vn/qt/tintuc/Pages/nghien-cuu- trao-doi,aspx?ItemID=1787; https://sites.google.com/
site/lailieusuutamcanhan/yu-cu-phn-t-v-thi-im-thc-hin- quyn-quyn-phn-l-I-quy-nh-ca-bUtds, truy cap ngiy 10/8/2016.
(9). Nguon: htlps://siles.google.com/site/tailieusuutam canhan/yu-cu-phn-t-v-thi-im-thc-hin-quyn-quyn-phn-t- t-quy-nh-ca-blttds, truy cip ngiy 10/8/2016.
(lO).Xem: Khoin 2 DiSu 86 BLTTDS nim 2015,
khdi kifn. Vin dl dat ra I& c6 cln ph&i xem xdt ddn vifc ap dyng thdi hieu phan td hay khdng? Tren thyc te ciing tdn tai nhilu quan dilm kh&c nhau. Quan diem thft nhit cho ring thdi hifu khdi kifn chi ap dyng ddi vdi ygu cau khdi kifn cfta nguydn dom, khfing &p dyng cho ydu clu phan td voi bi dan. C6 f kign nhan djnh: "Yeu cdu phdn td Id mdt quyin cua bf dan vd khdng bi hgn chi ve th&i hieu. Trong cdc vu ki$n, bf dan ludn a thi bf ddng, phu thudc vdo cdc yiu cdu kh&i ki?n cua nguyen dan. NguySn dan cd dua ra yiu cdu kh&i kiin thi bf dan m&i biet md cd yiu cdu phdn td. Noi cdch khdc, yeu cdu phdn td ludn ludn cd sau yiu cdu kh&i kiin, khi ndo CO yiu cau kh&i kiin thi m&i phdt sinh yeu cdu phdn td ".
Theo quan digm thft hai thi ygu cau ph&n td ciing 1& ygu clu khdi kien, neu hit thdi hifu tht khdng dupc chap nhan. Theo dd,
"yiu cdu phdn td cd thi duac hieu Id bi dem
"kien lgi" nguyin dan di bit trie nghia v\i, khdu trie nghia vu hodc logi trie mdt phdn hogc todn bp nghia vu v&i yiu cdu ciia nguyin dan. Nhu vdy, yiu cdu phdn td cua bi dan cUng chinh Id yiu cdu kh&i kiin. Neu yiu cdu phdn td dd qud th&i hiiu kh&i kiin thi tod se Ididng chdp nhgh".^ '
Viec chap nhan ygu cau ph&n tl hay khdng anh hudng tryc tiep tdi quyin, Ipi ich hpp ph&p cfta c&c duong sy. Vi vay, cln cd
(11 ).Xem: Diic Tri, "Yeu cdu phdn to cd tinh thdi hi$u ", nguon; http://plo.vn/phap-Iuat/yeu-cau-phan-to-co- tinh-thoi-hieu-602604.html, truy c$p ngiy 07/8/2016.
(12).Xem: DiJc Tri, Yiu cdu phan tS cd tinh thdi hi$u, tIdd.
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TAP CHI LUAT HOC SO 2/2017 NGHIEN CVV - TRAO Bdi cich hieu vi ap diing thdng nhat. Theo tic
gii, yeu cau phto td cfta hi dan la yeu ciu khdi kien ngupe cfta bi dan, hoto toto dpc lap vol ydu cau ban diu cfta nguyen don vi cd thi khdi kien thanh vvi to rieng bidt. Neu bi dan khdi kien thinh vvi to ridng thi toi to phii xdt din thdi hieu khoi kien. Vi viy, ydu ciu phto ti cua bi don cung phii chiu svr diiu chinh cfta BLTTDS vi thdi hi$u khdi kien nhu yeu ciu khdi kien.
2.3. Bdo ddm quyen dua ra yiu cau dQC lap cila nguai co quyen laiva nghia vii lien quan
Nguai cd quyin lpi, nghia vu lidn quan cung cd quyin dua ra yeu ciu dpc lap cfta minh de giii quyet ttong cing mot vu to dan svr ma toa to da thvi li. Theo dd, bdn ed quyen lpi dii lap cd thi la nguyen don hojie bi don trong mdt vvi to. Vi nguyen tic, ddi vdi yta cau dpc lap cfta ngudi cd quyin lpi, nghia vu hen quan cd flii khdi kien flianh vvi in rieng. Tuy nhidn, "khi hg tham gia tS tttng vdo vu kien giira nguai khin kien, nguai bj kien thi ho co thi bdo ve mtnh mot cdch nhanh nhdt, kip thai nhdt, hieu qua nhdt la dua ra yeu cdu doc lap... ".*'^'
Ydu cau ddc lip cua nguoi cd quyin lpi, nghia vu lien quan phii flioi mto diiu kien la viec giai quyit vvi to cd lien quan din quyen lpi, nghia vu cua hp; yeu eiu dpc lip cfta hp cd lien quan din vu to dang dupc giii quyet ttong cung mot vu to lim cho viec giai quyet vu to dupc chinh xac vi nhanh
(I3).Xem: Nguyin Quang Hiln, "Nguyen I5c quyin W quyei dinh vS tu dinh doal ciia duong su trong l6 tung dta sn 16 lung hinh cMnh". Tap chl nghien cim lipphiip. s6 12/2013. tr. 29.
hon. Nhu viy, ngudi c6 quyin lpi, ngfaia vvi Udn quan den vii to cd ydu ciu dpc lip Ii tham gia vio vu kien cua ngirdi khic di bio vp quyin vi lpi fch dpc lip cfta minh vi gdp phan lim cho vy to dupc giii quyit chfnh xic, nhanh chdng han.
Dii vdi yeu ciu ddc lip cfta ngudi cd quyin lpi, nghia vii lidn quan, phip luit khdng quy dinh thdi han bit diu de trinh ydu eau mi chi quy dinh thdi han kit thic ydu cau. Theo dd, "nguin co quyin lin, nghia vy lien quan co quyin dua ra ySu cdu dgc lgp truoc thai diem ma phien hop kiim tra vi^c giao ngp, tiep cgn, cong khai chting cir vd hod gidi".'"' Nhu viy, thdi ban de Wnh yeu ciu dde lip cfta ngudi cd quyin Ipi, nghia vu lidn quan se diln ra ttong giai doan sau khi toi to flivi ll VVI to va tiirde khi md phien hpp bto giao chung eft.
Tuy nhien, khdng phii luc nao ngudi c6 quydn lpi, nghia vy hen quan cc ydu ciu tok to cung chip nhin ydu eiu dd vi liSn quan den flidi han ehuin bi xdt xft. Trong ttudng hpp toi to nhta dupe dan yen ciu phto ti cfta bi don hoac yeu ciu dpc lip cfta ngudi cd quyin lpi, nghia vvi lidn quan di giii quyet tteng cung mdt vu to flii flidi han chuto bi xet xft duac xac dinh tft ngiy hoan thinh thft tvic phta td, yen ciu ddc lip. Neu ttong vu to mi cd nhiiu bi dan cd yen ciu phta td hoae ed nhiiu ngudi cd quyin lpi, nghia vii hen quan cd ydu ciu dpc lap Uii ngiy fliu ll vvi ta dupc xac dinh li ngiy ngudi npp cudi cung cho ttii in bidn Iai ndp
(14).Xcm: Khoin 2 Dieu 201 BLTTDS nSra 2015.
TAP CHI LUAT HQC S6 2/2017 NGHl&N CtyU' TRAO Bdl tien tam ftng an phi, nlu hg thudc trudng
hgp phai n^p tiln tsun ftng &n phi. Nhu vay, thdi han gi&i quygt vy an bi keo d&i se khdng bao dam quyen lgi cfta nguygn dom.
De x&c dinh cd chap nhan yeu clu dfc lap hay khfing, ngoai tigu chi lign quan din quyen lgi, nghTa vy cfta hp hoeic lign quan den vu an tren thyc tg thi to& &n thudng can cft vao ylu to thdi gian. Toa an se dy trft thdi gian gi&i quygt vu &n bing c&ch so s&nh vifc gi&i quygt vy &n, bao gfim ca ydu clu ddc lap vm yen c&u dpc l&p dugc giai quylt bing hai vu &n rieng bift. Nlu thdi gian qu&
d&i tht toa &n khdng dugc thy If yeu clu dfic lap trong ciing mfit vu &n nhung cung cd nhftng to& cho ring neu ygu cau dgc lap dd cd lidn quan den vy &n dang gi&i quylt hoSc lidn quan den quyen lpi cua hp thi chap nh&n yen cau dpc l&p.
Thiet nghT Dilu 201 BLTTDS ngn bd di tieu chi "neu giai quyet trong ciing mdt vy an se l&m cho vu an dugc giai quygt nhanh hon". Vi neu chi can cft vao ydu clu ban dau cfta ngudi cd quyen lgi, nghia vy lign quan dpc lap; tham ph&n khdng thi x&c dinh dugc khi gi&i quyet trong ciing mpt vu an thi viec gi&i quyet se nhanh hom hay khdng.
Cd thg trong qu& trinh giai quylt mdi phat sinh nhirng v&n de phuc tap khac. Do do, chi cln tho& man c&c tieu chf; vifc giai quygt vu an cd lidn quan din quyin lpi, nghTa vu cfta hp; yeu cau ddc lap cfta hp cd lien quan den vu an dang gi&i quyet; yeu cau dde lap neu giai quydt trong cung mdt vu &n thi vifc giai quylt se chfnh xac hon 1&
cd thg thy ll. Nhu v$y, quyin khdi kien cfta
c&c duong sy mdi dupc b&o d&m mgt c&ch h&i ho& v& thing nhat.
M&t kh&c. neu chftng ta d&t ra vin dl cln ph&i xem xdt thdi hifu doi vdi ydu clu ph&n td ciia bi don tht ciing ph&i bd sung thdi hifu doi vdi ygu clu ddc lap cua ngudi cd quyin lgi, nghTa vy lidn quan, dl bao dam sy btnh ding giua c&c duong sy trong vifc df trinh quyin ydu cau to& &n giai quylt tranh chip trong to tyng d&n sy./.
T A I LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Th&i Chi Btnh, "Quy dfnh vi yiu cdu
phdn td, yiu cdu ddc lap, vuong mac, kiin nghi hodn thi$n", ngudn: http://moj.gov.
vn/qt/tintuc/Pages/nghien-cuu-trao-doi.
aspx?ItemID=1787.
2. Nguyen Thj H ^ , "Thdi ban bj don cd quyen ydu cau phan td trong td tyng dan sy", Tgp chi tod dn nhdn ddn, sl 2/2011.
3. Nguyen Quang Hign, "Nguygn tic quyen tu quyet dinh va ty dinh do^it cua duong su trong td tung dan sy, td tyng h&nh chinh", Tgp chi nghien dm lap phdp, sd 12/2013.
4. Tran Anh Tuan, "Quyin khdi kifn v& viec x&c dinh tu c&ch tham gia td tyng", Tgp chi tod dn nhdn ddn, ki 1 thang 12, so 23/2008.
5. E>ftc Trf, "Yiu cdu phdn td cd tinh th&i hiiu", ngudn: http://plo.vn/phap-luat/yeu-cau- phan-to-co-tinh-thoi-hieu-602604.html 6. Tmng tam nghien cftu quyen con ngudi v&
quygn cdng dan, Khoa luat, Dai hpc qudc gia Ha Ndi, Lugt nhdn quyen qudc ti - Nhihig vdn de ca bdn, Nxb. Lao ddng - xa hdi, HaNfi, 2011.
7. Til diin thudt ngU phdp ludt Phdp - Vi^t, Nxb. Tft dien b&ch khoa. Ha Npi, 2009.
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