TapchiKhoahpcDHQGHN:Lu^thpc,Tap31,So 1 (2015)23-29 .
V^c loa giai trong viec giai quyet cac vu viec ve hon nhan va gia dinh theo quy dinh cua Bp luat To tung dan sir Viet Nam
Tran Cong Thinh*
Khoa Luat, Dgi hoc QuSc gia Hd Noi. 144 Xudn Tliity, Cdu Gidy, Hd Noi, Viet Nam Nhan ngay 06 thang 01 nam 2015
Chinh sua ngay 26 thang 02 nam 2015; Chip nhan dang ngay 20 thang 3 nam 2015
Tom tat: Hoa giai la hinh thijc giai quyet Uanh ch§p dan su noi chung va hon nhan gia dinh noi rieng duac quy dinh kha cu the, chi ti^t Uong Bo luat T6 tung dan su (BLTTDS) cua nuoc Cong hoa xa hgi chii nghia Viet Nam. Hoa giai giup cac bSn tiSt kiem duoc nhi^u thdi gian, cong siic, chi phi Uong qua trinh giai quyet vu viec dan sir. Tuy nhien thirc tiln ap dung cac quy djnh v6 h6a giai Uong BLTTDS cung da boc 16 m6t so han ch^ cSn dugc nghien ciiu dt sua d6i, b6 sung &k giiip cho qua trinh giai quyet cac vu viec ve hon nhan va gia dinh noi riSng cung nhu cac vu viec dan su noi chung dat hieu qua cao hon.
Tir khoa: Hoa giai, hon nhan gia dinh, Bo luat To tung dan su
1. S a t van d£
Hda giai la hinh thuc giai quyet Uanh chap dan su ndi chung va hon nhan gia dinh noi n e n g da xuat hien tir lau trong ddi song xa hdi citng n h u Uong t h u c tien xet xu. Co the ndi, khi e o n ngudi cd Uanh chap thi da biet each ap dung cac bien p h a p t h u a n g lucmg, hda giai vdi nhau d e cham diit cac bat ddng phat sinh, dac biet trong m d i quan he hon nhan va gia dinh - moi quan he ma giiia cae thanh vien Uong gia dinh d u a c gan bd chat ehe vdi nhau d u a \xm quan he hon nhan, quan he huyet thdng hoac quan he nudi dudng.
DT.: 84-912251686 Email: trancongthi
Su phat trien cua nen kinh te thi trudng mdt mat da dem lai nhung da tac ddng tich cue den cac gia dinh va xa hoi: ddi song vat chat va tinh than dugc nang cao, thu nhap eiia ngudi dan dugc cai thien... nhung m a t Uai ciia no la anh h u d n g khdng nhd den dao due, den loi song ciia khdng it chii the Uong xa boi, lam tha hoa, biSn chat ve dao due cua mot bo phan ngudi; tao ra loi sdng, suy nghT va each hanh x u "day miii tien" trong rat nhieu ngudi. Cd the noi ddi liic su tac dgng eda ddng tien da lam lu m d [1] di truyen thdng dao due, cae gia tri tinh than tot dep cua gia dinh, trong nhieu trudng hgp dan den tinh canh gia dinh mau thuan, ly tan, con xa cha me, anh chi em hue hac danh dap Idn n h a u . . . Ket qua la hang nam cae tranh chdp v l hon nhan va gia dinh, cac vu an ly hdn d u g e giai quyet tai Toa an gia tang khdng ngung.
T.CTImh/TapchiKhoahgcDHQGHN:U^lhgc.Tdp31.s6 1(2015)23-29
Cae quy dinh vd hda giai eac vu vi?c ve hdn nhan va gia dinh dugc quy dinh kha day du, chi tigt uong Bd luat Td tung dan s\r siia ddi, bd sung nam 2011, Luat H6n nhan va gia dinh nam 2000, Luat Hdn nhan va gia dinh nam 2014 (dugc Qu6c hoi khoa XIH, ky hgp thii 7 thdng qua ngay 19/06/2014 va cd hieu lire thi hanh tii' ngay 01/01/2015) va cac van ban dudi luat cd lien quan. Hoat dong boa giai tai Tda an giiip cac ben tilt kiem dugc thdi gian, cdng siic, ehi phi tign bac; giiip thSm phan nam bat, hieu ro ban tam ur nguyen vong eua cac duong su; gmp cac duong su han gan m6i quan he v6n da ran niit; dac biet ttong quan he hon nhan va g^a dinh, boa giai thanh lam cho su doan kit, thuong yeu nhau gifta cac thanh vien Uong gia dinh tilp tue dugc duy tti va phat Uign, tranh dugc nhiing su viee dang tiee cd thi phat sinh uong gia dinh, thao gd dugc tam !>' nang ne, tinh trang ddi dau giua bp...
Tuy nhien Uen thuc tl, mot so quy dinh ve hda giai Uong phap luat td tung dan sir thdi gian qua eiing da hoc 16 nhung bat cap nhat dinh, phdn nao anh hudng din chat lugrig cong tac hoa giai cua Toa an cung nhu quyln va loi ich hgp phap cua cac chu thi Uong quan he hdn nhan va gia dinh. Chi'nh vi vay, viec nghien cuu nham hoan thien cac quy dinh vl hoa giai Uong viec giai quylt cac vu viec ve hon nhan va gia dinh ndi rieng cung nhu uong td tung dan su ndi chung la vin de het sue can thiet.
2. N6i dung va thu tuc hoa giai vy viec hdn nhan va gia fflnh theo phap luat to tung d5n sijr Viet Nam
Cae tranh ehdp ve hdn nhan va gia dinh dugc quy dinh chi tiet tai Dieu 27 Bd luat TTDS siJ-a ddi bd sung 2011 [2].
1. Ly hon, tranh chap ve nuoi eon, chia tai san khi ly hdn.
2. Tranh ehdp vl chia tai san chung ciia vg chSng ttong thdi k>' hdn nhan.
3. Tranh chSp vl tiiay ddi ngudi tiyc tigp nudi con sau khi ly hdn.
4. Tranh chip vl xac djnh cha, m? cho con hoac xac djnh con cho cha me.
5. Tranh chap vl cip dudng.
6. Cac ttanh ehSp khac vl hdn nhan va gia dinh ma luat ed quy dinh.
Cac yeu cau vl hfin nhan va gia ffinh dugc quy dinh tai Dilu 28 Bd Iu?t TTDS sua d6i bo sung 2011 [2].
1. Y&u ciu vl viec buy kit hdn trai phap luat 2. Yeu cSu cdng nhan thuSn tinh ly hdn, nuoi con, chia tai san khi ly hdn.
3. Yeu ciu cdng nhan su thda thuan ve thay ddi ngudi true tilp nuoi eon sau khi ly hdn.
4. YSu ciu han ehl quyen cua cha, me ddi vdi con chua thanh nien hoac quyln tham nom con sau khi ly hdn.
5. Yeu ciu chim diit viec nudi con nudi.
6. Yen ciu cdng nhan va cho thi hanh tai Viet Nam ban an, quylt dinh ve hdn nhan va gia dinh cua Tda an nude ngoai hoac khdng cong nhan ban an, quyet dinh vl hdn nhan va gia dinh ciia Toa an nude ngoai ma khdng cd yeu ciu thi hanh tai Viet Nam.
7. Cac yeu ciu khac ve hdn nhan va gia dinh ma phap luat cd quy dinh.
v l nguyen tae, khi cae duong su cd dan khdi kien hoac don yeu ciu Tda an giai quyet eac Uanh chip cung nhu cac viec hdn nhan va gia dinh (dugc Toa an thu \^) tiii Toa an diu phai tiln hanh boat ddng hoa giai trong qua trinh giai quylt vu viee. Dilu nay dugc ghi nhan tai Dilu 10 BLTTDS: "Toa dn co trach nhiem tien hanh hoa gidi vd tao dieu kien thuan Igi di cdc duong su thoa thuan vai nhau ve viec gidi quyit vii viec dan su theo quy dinh ciia Bg
T.C. Thjnh/Tap chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN: Ludi hgc, Tdp 31. So ] (2015) 23-29
luat nay " [2]. Ndi each khac, hda giai la thu tue bat bude ma Tda an phai tien hanh khi giai quyet vu vi$c dan su, trir mdt sd trudng hgp luat djnh.
2.1. Thu t^ic hoa gidi doi vai cdc tranh chap vi hdn nhan vd gia dinh
Trong pham vi bai viet eiia muc 2.1 nay, tac gia chi xin de cap din thii tuc hoa giai vu an ly hdn bdi le an ly hon la an chiem sd lugng Idn nhat ttong cac an vl hdn nhan va gia dinh, ngoai ra thu tuc hda giai vu an ly hdn vl ca ban Cling gidng nhu thii tuc hda giai vu an hdn nhan va gia dinh.
2.1.1. Hoa gidivudn ly hon trong giai dogn chuan bi xit xit
Khoan 8 Dilu 8 Luat Hdn nhan va gia dinh nam 2000 quy dinh; "Ly hdn la cham diet quan he hon nhan do Toa dn cong nhan hoac quyit dinh theo yeu cdu ciia vg hoac chong hoac ciia cd hai vg chong" [3]. Khoan 14 Dilu 3 Luat Hdn nhan va gia dinh nam 2014 quy dinh: "Ly hdn Id viec cham dut quan hi vg chdng theo ban dn, quyit dinh co hieu luc phdp ludt ciia Tdadn''[4].
Nhu vay, ly hdn la viec cham dut quan he vg chdng theo ban an, quyet dinh cd hieu luc phap luat cua Tda an. Quyen yeu cau ly hdn nham cham diit quan he vg chdng trude phap luat la quyen nhan than gan lien vdi nhan than cua vg, chong cho nen mdt ttong hai vg chong hoac ca hai eo quyen yeu cau ly hdn nham cham dtrt quan he hdn nhan. Khi giai quyet vu an ly hdn, Tda an giai quyet cac quan he cd ttanh chap la: quan he nhan than, quan he tai san, quan he vdi con. Qua vi6c tien hanh thu tuc hda giai, Tda an tim hieu cd hay khong co sir mau thuan giiia vg va chdng; nguyen nhan mau thuSn, mire dp mau thuan, dieu kien, hoan canh, nghi nghiSp, tam tu, nguyen vgng, tinh cam cua
cac bSn. Khi den hanh hoa giai, Thim phan cin giai thieh cac quy dinh ciia phap luat vl quyln va nghia vu cua cae ben. Ben canh do, Thim phan ciing can ket hgp vdi viee giai quylt nhirng vudng mic ttong tam tu, tinh cam cua cae ben.
Vu an ly hdn khac so vdi nhirng vy an dan sir binh thudng khac bdi le no cd dac thii rieng.
NIU nhu khi giai quylt mgt tranh chip dan sy thdng thudng thi hau qua thudng chi phat sinh vdi mpt hoac hai ben duong su Uong khi do d vu an ly hon, hau qua cua viee ly hdn dat ra cho cac bSn duong su khdng it cac vdn de can giai quyet nhu quan he hdn nhan, quan he giiia cha me vdi con, quan he tai san giiia vg chdng va nhu vay cd the eo nhieu chu thi khac ciing phai ganh chiu ban qua cua viec ly hdn.
Muc dich tien hanh thu tuc hda giai vu an ly hdn la de hda giai doan tu, khdng phai dk cac duong sir ly hdn. Neu hda giai thanh, Toa an lap bidn ban hda giai doan tu thanh, sau dd ra quyet dinh dinh chi giai quyet vu an theo dilm d khoan 1 Dilu 192 BLTTDS. NIU hda giai khdng thanh, ben bi don ciing ddng y ly hon thi Toa an lap bien ban hda giai khdng thanh, sau do Toa an tien hanh boa giai eac quan he khac cd lien quan nhu con cai, tai san, cap dudng nudi eon... Neu eac duong su chi thda thuan dugc vdi nhau mdt hoac mdt so quan he nhu tai san, nudi con thi Toa an se lap bien ban ghi nhan, eac quan he eon lai ehua thda thuan dugc thi Toa an se giai quyet bang phien toa xet xii.
Trong giai doan chuan bi xet xu vu an ly hdn, Tda an bat bupc phai tien hanh thii tuc hoa giai. Tinh chat bat bupc d day la Toa an eo trach nhiem phai chu ddng tien hanh thii tuc hda giai dii viec hoa giai thanh cd kha quan hay khong. Neu Tda an khong tien hanh thu tuc hda giai se bj coi nhu vi pham nghiem ttong thu tue td tung dan su va day la can cii de ban an, quylt dinh ly hdn hi khang cao hoac khang nghi d cip
T.C TImh/Tap cMKhoa hoc DHQGHN: Ua, hoc Tap 31.Sil (2015) 23-29
phiic thim hoac hi khang nghi theo tiinh tu, thu tuc giam d6c thSm (Khoan 2 DiSu 277, Khoan 3 Dieu 299 BLTTDS).
2. J.2. Hoa gidi vu dn ly hon tai phien toa so thdm
Truoc Ichi dua vu an dan su (dan sir, hon nhan va gia dinh, kinh doanh, thuang mai, lao dong) ra xet xil, Tham phan phu trach viec giai quyet vu an phS tijn hanh hoa giai cho cac duong su nen tai phien toa so thim. Hoi dong xet xu se khong phai tijn hanh lai thii tuc hoa giai nita ma chi hoi cac duong su cd thoa thuan duoc vdi nhau hay khong. DiSu 220 BLTTDS quy dinh: "Chu toa phien too hoi cdc duong sif CO thoa thuan duoc vai nhau ve viec gidi quyet vu dn hay khong. Trong tnrang hap cdc iu-ong su thda thuan duac voi nhau vi viec gidi quyet va dn va thda thudn da ho Id tu nguyen. khong trdi phdp ludt hoac dao die xd hoi till Hoi tdng xet xi> ra quyit dinh cdng nhan sir thda thudtt cua duong sv vi viec gidi quyit vu dn. Quyet dinh cong nhan su thdd thudn cm duong su ve viec gidi quydlvu dn cd hieu lifcphdp ludt" [2].
Nhu vay, ngu cac duong su tu hoa giai, thoa thuan dugc voi nhau thi Toa an khSng phai lap bien ban hoa giai thanh, tuong tu la neu cac duong su khong tu hoa giai, thoa thuan dugc voi nhau thi Toa an khong phai lap bien ban hoa giai khong thanh ma Toa an chi co hay khong ra quylt dinh cong nhan su thoa thuan ciia duong su.
2.1.3. Hoa gidi vu dn ly hon tai cdp phik thdm Theo quy dinh cua BLTTDS, hoa giai g cip phiic tham CO mgt so dilm khac biet, cu the la;
Thir nhdt: BLTTDS khdng quy dinh trach nhiem tiln hanh thii tuc hoa giai cUa Toa an truoc khi mo phien toa phiic tham. Dieu 258 BLTTDS quy dinh trong thoi han hai thang ke ttr ngay thu ly vu an, tiiy tung truong hgp, Toa
an cip phiic thim ra mpt trong s6 cac qnyft dinh [2]:
- Tam dinh chi xet xCr phdc thim vu an - Sinh chi xet xir phuc thim vu an - Dua vu an ra xet xu phiic thjm Voi quy dinh nay, T6a 4n cip phdc tham khong phai h6a giai trudc khi mo phien toa phiic thim. Trong truong hgp trudc khi md phien t5a phiic thim, cac duong stt nr hoa giii doim tu thanh vii yeu cju Toa an cip phiic thta cong nhan su thoa thuan cua hg, thi Toa iSn ytu ciu c4c duong sir phai lam van ban ghi ro ndi dung thoa thuan va nop cho cip phiic thim 4c dua vao h6 so vu an. Van ban nay dugc coi nhu chung cii mdi bd sung. Tai phien toa phuc thim, Hgi ddng xet xil phuc thim phai hoi lai cac dugng su vd thoa thuan cua hg la cd tu nguyen hay khdng va xem xet thoa thuan dd cd trai phap luat hoac dao dilc xa hgi hay khdng;
nlu thda thuan cua hg la tu nguyen, khdng trai phap luat hoac dao diic xa hgi, thi Hgi ddng xet xii vao phong nghi an thao luan va ra ban an phuc thim sua ban an so thim, cong nhan su dida thuan ciia duong sir.
Thli hai: tai phien toa phuc thim, viec tiln hanh thil tuc hoa giai khdng bSt huge. Neu cac duong su thda thuan dugc voi nhau ve viec giai quylt vu an thi thoa thuan nay phai dugc ghi vao bien ban phien toa. NIU xet thiy thda thuan cua cac duong sir la tu nguyen khdng trai phap luat, dao due xa hgi, thi Hgi ddng xet xu vao phong nghi an thao luan va ra ban an phuc tham sua ban an so thim, cdng nhan sir thda thuan cua duong su.
2.2. Thii tuc hoa gidi doi vol cdc yeu cdu ve hdn nhan vd gia dinh
Mac dii trong phin thii nam cua BLTTDS (Thu tuc giai quylt viec dan su) khdng quy dinh
T.C. Thinh/Tgp chi Khoa hoc DHQGHN- Ludi hgc, Tgp 31, So 1 (2015)23-29
minh thi, ro rang v% thii tue hda giai cho viec dan su. Tuy nhien can cu vao quy dinh tai Dilu 311 BLTTDS: "Tda dn dp dung nhimg quy dinh ciia Chuong ndy, dong thai dp dung nhimg quy dinh khdc cua Bg lugt ndy khong trdi vai nhihig quy dinh ciia Chuong ndy di gidi quyet nhimg viic ddn su quy dinh tai cdc khoan 1.2,3,4,6,7 vd 8 Diiu 26, cdc khoan 1,2,3,4,5.
va 7 Dieu 28, khoan 1 vd khoan 4 Diiu 30.
khoan 3 Dieu 32 cim Bg ludt ndy " [2].
Ngoai ra, ngay tai Dilu 10 BLTTDS cung quy dinh rat cu the vl ttach nhiem hda giai cua Toa an: "Tda an cd ttach nhiem tien hanh hda giai va t£io dieu kien thuan Igi de cac duang sir thda t h u ^ vdi nhau ve vi6c giai quyet vu viec dan su theo quy dinh ciia Bd luat nay" [2].
Tu eac ean cu neu tten, cd the thay, thii tuc hoa giai ciing dugc ap dung ttong qua trinh giai quyet viec dau su. Chi co dieu nhiing viec hdn nhan va gia dinh nao phai tien hanh hoa giai, nhiing vile nao khong phai tien hanh hda giai, nhiing viec nao khong dugc hda giai hoac khdng thi hoa giai thi BLTTDS lai khdng quy dinh cu the; tren thuc te thi Tda an nhan dan tdi cao ciing chua cd cac hudng dan chi tiet cho van de nay. He qua la se cd nhieu each hieu khae nhau, gay liing tiing, khd khan cho chinh eac Tda an ttong qua trinh giai quyet viec dan sir..
3. Thi^ tiln hda giai vy viec ly hon tai Tda an - Mgt so bit cap va kien nghj hoan thi^n
Thu nhdt: Vi vdn di hoa gidi tai phien toa sa thdm
Theo Dilu 220 BLTTDS nlu eac duong sir thda thuan dugc vdi nhau ve viec giai quyet toan bp vu an va thda thuan ciia ho la tu nguyen, khdng ttai phap luat hoac dao dire xa hdi thi Hdi ddng xet xir ra quyet dinh eong nhan su thda thuSn cua duang su ve viec giai quyet
vu an. Quylt dinh cdng nh^n sy thda thuan eiia duong su vl viec giai quyet vu an ed hieu lyc phap luat va cac ben khdng dugc khang eao.
Tuy nhien ttong nhan thiic ve van de nay, hien nay cd cac quan diSm khac nhau dSn den liing tiing ttong qua trinh ap dung phap luat. Cd quan diem cho ring khi quyet dinh dua vu an ra xet xur thi ket qua cua viSc xet xii phai la viSc Toa an ra ban an, quylt dinh; Uong ban an, quyet djnh cd the ghi nhan su thda thuan cua cac duang su. Quan diem khae lai cho rang khi cac duong su thoa thuan hda giai thi Tda an phai hoan phien xir, lap bien ban hoa giai thanh.
Neu sau bay ngay cac duong su khdng co y kien khae hoae khdng cd phan doi thi Tda an ra quyet dinh cdng nhan sir thda thu^n eiia cae duong sir va quyet dinh nay cd hieu luc phap luat ngay.
Chung tdi cho rang quy dinh nhu Dieu 220 BLTTDS hien hanh la hgp ly va khdng dong tinh vdi ca hai quan diem neu tten. Neu hieu theo quan diem thli nhat khi cae duong su thda thuan dupe vdi nhau thi Toa an van ra ban an, quyet dinh (Uong do cd ghi nhan su thda thuan ciia duong su); hieu nhu vay la da khdng de cao y chi tu nguyen, thong nhat ciia eac ben; mat khac neu da ra ban an so tham thi theo quy dinh ciia phap luat, ban an van cd the bj khang cao hoac khang nghi trong thdi ban luat dinh, dieu nay lam mat di tinh chat ciia quyet dinh cdng nhan su thoa thuan ciia duong sir. Con neu hieu theo each thii hai thi Tda an phai hoan phien xir, lap bien ban hda giai thanh. Neu sau bay ngay cac duong su khdng co y kien khac hoae khong cd phan ddi thi Toa an ra quyet dinh cdng nhan sir thda thuan ciia cac duang su va quylt dinh nay cd hieu luc phap luat ngay. Hieu theo each nay cung khdng dung vi d day eo the ehua can co boat ddng hda giai cua Tham phan thi cac ben da thda thuan dupe roi (Tham phan
T.C.Thinh/Tap ChiKhoa hgc DHQGHN. Lugl hgc. Tap 31. S6 1 (2015) 23-29
ehi phai bit huge tiln hanh hda giai d giai doan chuin hi xet xu), va do khdng cd boat ddng hda giai thi le duang nhien Thim phan khdng the lap bien ban hda giai tiianh. Ngoai ra nlu phai chd sau bay ngay nlu cae duang su khong cd y kiln khac hoac khdng phan ddi thi Tda an mdi ra quylt dinh cong nhan su thda thuan cua duang su tin lai lam keo dai thdi gian gjai quylt vu viec. Do vay, quy dinh tai Dieu 220 BLTTDS la hoan toan hop ly. Vin de d day eo le la Tda an nhan dan toi cao nen cd su hudng din, giai thfch vl quy dinh tai Dieu 220 BLTTDS dl CO sir thdng nhit Uong qua Uinh giai quylt vu an ve hon nhan va gia dinh.
Thir hai: Vi viic wy quyen cua duong su trong viec tham gia thu tuc hoa gidi vudnly hdn
Theo quy dinh tai khoan 3 Dieu 73 BLTTDS thi ngudi dai dien theo uy quyln duge quy dinh ttong Bd luat Dan su 2005 la ngudi dai dien theo iiy quyen trong td tung dan su; ddi vdi viee ly hon, duong su khdng dugc liy quyen cho ngudi khac thay mat minh tham gia td tung.
Nhu vay, theo quy dinh thi vu an ly hdn, duang su khdng cd quyen uy quyen cho ngudi khae thay mat minh Uong td tung. Dieu nay din den mdt bat cap sau:
NIU khii tai san chung eiia vg chdng can ehia nlm ttong khoi tai san chung ciia cha me chdng thi Tda an se phai tneu tap cha me cua duang su den Tda an tham gia td timg. Nhung cd the do tudi cao, sire yeu hoac do dm dau benh tat ma cha me chdng cua duong su khdng thi din tham gia buoi hda giai va dng ba muon uy quyen cho ngudi khac thay minh tham gia to tung thi theo luat dinh, Toa an se khdng chap thuan va phai hoan phien hoa giai lai.
Chung tdi cho rang, khi Tda an tien hanh thii tuc hda giai vu an ly hon thi chi nen quy dinh khdng dugc uy quyen ttong viec hoa giai quan he nhan than, con quan he tai san cac
duang sir vin dugc liy quyln thi se hgp iy han, t^o dilu kien tdt han cho cac ducmg su tn^g.
viec bao ve quyln va Igi i'ch hgp phap ok' minh; ttanh keo dai thdi gian giM quylt vy an:
khdng dang cd. i Thu ba: Viic tiin hdnh thu tuc hda gidi vM: -
truang hgp ddc biit
Ddi vdi ttudng hgp ca bift nhu ngucri vg c^, don ly hdn vi ly do bi chdng bao hanh, d&h, ' dap qua tan te hoac ngudi chdng cd hSuh vi vi pham phap luat hinh su nghiem Uong kh^c a6i vdi ngudi vg din miic ngudi chdng bj tray cmi ttach nhiem hinh su. Nlu kit hgp vdi cac chfcig cii khac ma Tda an thu thap duge trong qua trinh giai quylt vu an, chiing minh dugc nhBng hanh vi thd bao ciia ngudi chdng da lam ton hm nghiem ttpng din till chit va tinh thin ciia ngudi vg nen viee hoa giai se khd hoac khong dat dugc kit qua; viec tiln hanh thii tuc hoa giai vu an ly hdn dd se khdng nhiing khdng the giiip cac duang sir han gan tinh cam vg choi^ vdi nhau, ttai lai, cd thi din den nhiing he luy khdng tit. Chinh vl viiy, BLTTDS nen cd quy dinh theo hudng neu xet thay viec tien hanh boa giai la bit hgp ly va biet uudc thai dp kien quylt khdng muon doan tu ciia mdt ben duong su thi Tda an ciing cd the khong tien hanh hoa giai.
Thif tu: Viic tiin hdnh thu tuc hoa gidi cdc yiu cdu ve ddn su
Viee dan su la giiia cac ben chii the tuy khong CO tranh chap vdi nhau nhung cd yeu cau Toa an cdng nhan hoac khdng cdng nhan mdt su kien phap ly la can eii lam phat sinh, cham diit cac quyen, nghia vu dan su hoac yeu can Tda an cdng nhan cho minh mdt quyen dan su.
Do ttong viec dan su khdng phat sinh ttanh chap giiia cac ben nen vl nguyen tac Tda an se khong phai tien hanh hda giai. Tuy nhiSn thuc tien xet xir cho thiy cd nhiing yeu cau vin can
T.C. Thinh/Tap chiKhoa hgc DHQGHN: Lugl lm\ Tap 31. Sd 1 (2015) 23-29
ed su hoa giai cua Toa an. Vi dp ttong yeu eau c d n g n h a n thuan tinh ly hdn, cho dii ea hai v g chdng khdng eo ttanh chap n h u n g van can tien hanh thii tuc hda giai. Tr8n t h u c te, rat cd the sau khi nghe Tham phan chii tga phan ti'ch cac y nghia, gia tri tdt dep cua hda giai, cac ben lai thay ddi lai suy nghi va quan diem ciia minh va m o n g m u o n doan tu vi nghi tdi con cai, nghT tdi hg-u qua se xay r a ddi vdi con tte khi cha m e ly h d n . . . N h u vay neu hda giai doan tu thanh ttong yeu cau cdng nhan thuSn tinh ly hdn, se d e m lai nhieu Igi i'ch khdng chi cho vg chdng, con tte m a suy rdng ra eon gdp phan tao ra su dn dinh, hoa thuan ttong cac gia dinh va xa hpi.
Chinh vi vay, rat can cd nhung h u d n g dan cu the ciia Toa an nhSn dan tdi cao la viec dan s\r nao la viec ma Toa an bat huge phai tien hanh hoa giai; viec dan su nao la viec Tda an khdng phai hoa giai va khdng the tien hanh hoa giai d u g c .
Tai heu tham khao
[1] Tran Van Duy - Thii luc hoa giai vu viec hon nhan va gia dinh, Lu$n van t h ^ sy lu?t hoc, Khoa Luat D?i hpc Qu6c gia H^ Noi, 2008.
[2] Bp luat to tung dan su sua doi, bo sung 2011.
[3] Luat hon nhan va gia dinh nam 2000.
[4] Luathonnhanva gia dinh nam 2014.
Mediation in Solving Family Matters According to the Vietnam's Civil Procedure Code
Tran Cong Thinh
VNU School of law, Hanoi, 114 Xudn Thtiy Street, Cdu Gidy, Hanoi, Vietnam
Abstract: Mediation is a method of solving civil disputes in general and family disputes in particular which is defined in details in the Vietnam's Civil procedure Code. Mediation activiues can help parties saving time, efforts and costs in the process of handhng civil matters. However, practical applicaton of the mediation rules has revealed some limitations which should be researched to amend and supplement so as to get m o r e effective results m the process of solving civil disputes in general and family disputes in particular.
Keywords: Mediation, Family L a w , Civil Procedure Code