MOT SO YEU TO CHU QUAN
TAG DONG DEN D O N G CO GIANG DAY CUA GIANG VIEN DAI HOC
Th.S NguySn Van Lupt
Khoa Tdm ly hgc, Trudng Dgi hgc Khoa hgc xd hdi vd Nhdn vdn.
T6M TAT
Bdi bdo phdn dnh ki't qud khdo sdt 386 gidng viin cua 4 trudng dai hgc Irin dia bdn Hd Ndi vi mdt sd yiu td chu quan tdc ddng din ddng ca gidng day cua hg.
Cdc phurmg phdp nghiin edu chinh dugc sur dung Id diiu Ira bdng bdng hdi vd phdng vdn sdu. Cdc yiu tdchd quan dugc nghiin ciiu gdm: dinh hu&ng gid tri cda gidng viin trong gidng dgy; nhdn thiic cUu gidng viin vi yiu edu cua nghi nghiep; hiing thii gidng day cda gidng viin vd tinh thdn, Irdch nhiim ciia gidng viin. Kit qua nghiin citu cho thdy, cdc yiu td chii quan cd dnh hudng din ddng ca gidng dgy cita gidng vien. Phdn tich hdi qui tuyen linh drm cho thdy, sif thay ddi ciia 3 Irong 4 yiu tdduac nghiin cihi cd khd ndng dif bdo sif biin ddi ddng ca gidng dgy cOa gidng viin dgi hpc.
TU khoa: Dgng ca, dpng ca gidng dgy, gidng vien dgi hpc.
1. Dat vin de
Theo sd lidu cia Tdngcuc Thd'ng kd, tfnh ddn ngiy 31/12/2010, c i nude cd 414 trudng dai hpc, cao ding, vdi 74.600 giing vidn, dio tao 2.162.100 sinh vidn chi'nh qui [3]. Nhu viy, tfnh trung binh sd lupng giang vidn/sinh vidn xip xi 1/29, dd l i chua bao gdm sd sinh vidn hpc vin bing 2, lidn thdng, tir xa vi hoin chinh kidn thic. Theo bio cio cua Bd Giio due & Dio tao, ttt nam 1987 - 2009, sd sinh vidn c i nude ting 13 lin nhung sd giing vidn chi ting 3 lin. Sy phit tridn nhanh chdng cua giio due dai hpc ddi hdi ddi ngtt giing vidn khdng chi cin phii ting cudng vd sd luong m i cdn phai ning cao vd chit lupng mdi dip ing dupe ydu ciu dit ra.
Trong vai nim gin diy, sd giing vidn trong cic trudng dai hpc cd xu hudng chuydn ra khdi nginh giio due ngiy cing ting. TTidm vio dd, vide tuydn dung giing vidn d cic trudng dai hpc cung gip nhidu khd khin. Sinh vidn tdt nghidp khi, gidi khdng tha thidt lim giing vidn.
76 TAPCHfTAMLyHQC,Sd4(157),4-2012
Cd nhidu nguydn nhin din dd'n thyc trang tren, mdt trong nhing nguyen nbin quan trpng la muc dfch, dpng co giang ilay cua hp chua dupe nhttng nguM cd trich nhiem quan tim dip ing mdt cich tlida ding. Do dd, viec nghien ciu mdt sd yd'u td tic ddng ddn ddng co giang day cia giing vien, xic dinh ydu td nio cd vai trd quan trpng, tren co sd dd dd xuit cic bien phip nhim tao dpng luc giing day cho giing vien li viec lam cd f nghia vd mat IJJ luin va thuc tiln.
2. Khach the va phuong p h i p nghidn c i u
Phuong phip chfnh dupe s i dung trong nghien ciu nay la didu tra bing bing hdi vi phdng vin siu.
Tdng sd miu nghien ciu dinh lupng li 386 giing vien cua 4 trudng dai hpc tren dia bin Ha Ndi: Dai hpc Khoa hpc xa bdi vi Nhin vin, Dai hpc Su pham H i Ndi, Dai hpc Bich Khoa Hi Ndi va Hpc vien Ngin hing. 'Thdi gian khio sit dupe tidn binh vio nim 2011. Miu phdng vin siu li 30 giing vien.
Miu khio sit dinh lupng dupe phin bd theo bing dudi diy:
Bdng 1: Ddc diim mdu khdch thi nghiin edu TT
1
2 3 4 5
Tidu chf Tmdng Dai
hpc/H(x: vidn
Gidi tfnh Tudi d6i Tham nien cdng tie Hpc vi
Khoa boc xa hdi va Nhin van Su pham Ha Ndi
Bach khoa Ha Ndi Ngan hang Nam NO Dudi 35 tudi Ti 35 tudi trd ldn DU(ii 15 nam Tu 15 nam ttd ldn Ci nhan, thac sy Tien si
Sd luong 103 102 91 90 214 172 207 179 308 78 292 94
%
26,7 26,4 23,6 23,3 55.4 44.6 53,6 46,4 79,8 20,2 75,6 24,4 Cd 04 ydu td chu quan dupe gii thuydt l i cd tic ddng ddn ddng co giang day cua giang vien dupe nghien ciu bao gdm: Dinh hudng gia tri cua giing vien trong giang day; Nhin thic cia giing vien vd yeu ciu cia nghd nghiep;
Hing thi giang day cua giing vien va Tinh thin, trich nhiem cua giing vien trong giing day.
TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd 4 (157), 4-2012 77
Dd tin ciy cua cic thang do nhu sau:
- Thang do ydu td "Dinh hudng gii tri cia giing vien trong giing day", gdm 7 f ndi dung, dd tin ciy (Cronbach's Alpha) = 0,84.
- Thang do ydu td "Nhin thic cua giing vien vd yeu ciu cua nghd nghiep", gdm 6 f ndi dung, dp tin ciy = 0,89.
- Thang do "Hing thi giang day cua giang vien", gdm 6 f ndi dung, dd tin ciy = 0,68.
Thang do "Tinh thin, trich nhidm cua giing vidn trong giing day", gdm 6 y ndi dung, dd tin ciy = 0,80.
Mdi y ndi dung cua ting thang do ddu cd 5 phuong i n tri ldi t i Hodn todn khdng ddng y (tuong duong 1 didm) ddn Hodn todn ddng y (tucmg duong 5 didm). Didm cing cao thi mic dd bidu hidn f ndi dung duoc do d ngudi giing vidn cing cao. Sau khi tfnh toin, dinh gii cua giing vidn vd cic ydu td dupe chia thinh 5 mic dd:
Mic 1: Bidu hidn khdng rd (DTB t i 1- < 1,80);
Mic 2: Bidu hidn khdng rd lim (DTB ttt 1,80 - < 2,60);
Mic 3: Mic trung binh (DTB ttt 2,60 - < 3,40);
Mic 4: Bidu hidn tuong ddi ro (DTB t i 3,40 - < 4,20);
Mic 5: Bidu hidn rit ro (DTB t i 4,20 - < 5,00).
Hoat ddng giing day cua giang vidn duoc xic djnh vdi bdn dang dpng co ndi bit, dd li: (1) Ddng co vl ngudi hpc; (2) Ddng co nghd nghidp; (3) E)dng CO ty khang dinh ban thin vi (4) Ddng ca kinh td/thu nhip.
3. Ket qua nghien curu
3.1. Khdi qudt ehung ve mpt sd yea tdehu quan a gidng viin 3.1.1. Dinh hu&ng gid tri cua gidng viin Irong gidng dgy
Kd't qui nghidn ciu "dinh hudng gii tri cia giing vidn trong giing day"
duoc thd hidn d bing sd lidu sau:
Qua bing 2 chung tdi nhin thiy, dinh hudng gii tri trong giang day cua giang vidn dupe thd hidn rit rd, cd 3/7 y ndi dung cd DTB d m i c 4, 4/7 y ndi dung cd DTB d m i c 5. Giing vidn trong dien khio sit da hudng ddn cic gii tri lien quan ddn sinh vien: trang bi tri thic cho sinh vien (DTB = 3,89, xdp d mic 4), giip sinh vien cd kha ning hpc tip sudt ddi (DTB = 4,03, xdp d m i c 4) hay giip sinh vien cd kbi ning xin viec (DTB = 4,25, xdp d m i c 5). Tuy nhidn, dinh hudng gii tri cia ngudi giing vidn lidn quan dd'n chinh ban thin hp cd
78 TAPCHfTAMLyHOC,Sd4(157),4-2012
DTB cao hon so vdi cic gii trj lidn quan dd'n sinh vidn, cd 3/4 f ndi dung (4, 5, 6) lidn quan ddn giing vidn cd DTB d mic 5.
Bdng 2: Dinh hu&ng gid tri cim gidng viin Irong gidng dgy Cic y ndi dung
1. Giang vidn phai trang bi cho sinh vidn mdt he thdng tri thic dd hp cd tlld duong diu vdi cac vin dd trong cudc sd'ng 2. Giang day phai giup cho sinh vien co kha nang hpc tap sudt ddi
3. Giang day phai dua lai cho giang vidn mdt ngudn thu nhap du sd'ng
4. Giang day phai dam bao cudc sd'ng dn dinh cho ngudi gians vidn
5. Giang day phai dam bao su an tam cho ngudi giang vidn vi tuong lai sau niy
6. Giang day phai giup cho ngudi giang vidn cd nidm vui Uong cudc sdng
7. Giang day phai giup cho sinh vidn cd kha nang xin viec sau khi tdt nghiep
Tdng
DTB 3,89 4,03 4,17 4,39 4,35 4,39 4,25 4,21
SD 0,94 0,95 0,95 0,83 0,88 0,78 0,84 0,63
Mic dd
4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5
"C)d ngudn thu nhip du sdng", "dim bio cudc sdng dn dinh", "an tim vd tuang lai", "cd nidm vui trong cudc sdng" li nhttng gii tri m i giing vien hudng ddn trong boat ddng giing day cua minh. Didu niy cung la de hidu vi suy cho cung giang day cung l i mdt nghd, ngudi giing vien cung phii dupe dim bio nhing didu kien dd tdn tai vi phit tridn.
Kdt qui khio sit 386 giang vien cho thiy, boat ddng giing day cua giing vien dai hpc dupe thuc diy bdi 4 ddng co sau: ddng ca vi ngudi hpe, DTB
= 4,23, xdp vi tri t h i 1; ddng ca nghi nghiep, DTB = 4,06, xdp vi trf thi 2; ddng ca tif khdng dinh bdn thdn, DTB = 4,01, xdp vi trf thi 3 vi ddng ca kinh tilthu nhdp, DTB = 2,80, xdp vi trf thi 4. Viy ma, khi nghien ciu vd dinh budng gii tri trong boat ddng giang day cua giing vien, ching ta lai thiy, cic giing vien xic dinh triing qui trinh boat ddng hp hudng ddn cic gii tri lien quan ddn bin thin giang vien nhidu hon, dupe ddng tinh manh me bon so vdi cic gii tri lien quan dd'n sinh vidn?!
3.1.2. Nhgn thdc eua gidng vien viyeu edu eiia nghi nghiip
TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd 4 (157), 4 - 2012 79
Nhin thic cia giing vidn vd ydu ciu cia nghd nghidp duoc thd hidn qua nhin nhin, dinh gii cia giing vien vd nhiing yeu ciu vd ning luc chuyen mfln, nghiep vu su pham, ngoai ngi, kl ning nghien cin cua giing vien v.v... Ndi cich Icbic, nd tri ldi ciu bdi giing vien mudn giing day tdt tbi cin phii cd ning luc, phim chi't gi? Kdt qui nghien ciu vd nhin thic cua giing vien vd yeu ciu cua nghd nghiep dupe thd hien d bing sd lieu sau:
Bdng 3: Nhdn Ihiic eiia gidng viin vi yiu edu eua nghe nghiep
Cic y ndi dung
1. Giang vien phai am hidu siu sic linh vuc minh giang day 2. Ddi vdi giang vidn tbi vide gidi ngoai ngtt li thuc su cin thidt
3. Giang vidn phai nim vihig phuong phip giing day bidn dai
4. Ddi v(3i giing vidn thi vide hidu tim \f cua sinh vien li rit quan Uong
5. Ddi vdi giang vidn tbi cin phai lim chu trang thidt bi giang day hien dai
6. Giang vidn phai nhin thic ro yeu ciu cua xa bdi ddi vdi sinh vidn tdt nghidp ra trudng
Tdng
DTB 4,58 4,46 4,29 4,27 4,27 4,32 4 ^
SD 0,59 0,71 0,74 0,74 0,76 0,72 0,58
Mic dd
5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Cic sd Ueu d bang tren cho thiy, DTB chung ciia thang do niy li 4,36, SD = 0,58, xdp d mic dd 5, cd 6/6 y ndi dung cd DTB d mic 5. Ttt dd, cd thd kdt luin ring giing vien trong dien khio sit da nhin thic rit td't vd nhttng yeu ciu cua nghd nghiep ddi viSi bin thin hp.
Trong sd cic yen ciu dupe giing vien danh gii cin phii cd d ngudi giang vien thi "am hidu siu sic linh vyc minh giing day" li ydu ciu cao nhit Qui thit, ndu ngudi giang vidn khdng am hidu siu sic linh vyc minh giing day thi khdng thd truydn tii dupe ndi dung, tri thic cua mdn hijc cho sinh vidn chi chua ndi gi dd'n vide ip dung bay sing tao cic phuong phip giip sinh vidn tidp thu tdt bii giing. Chia sd cia 1 giang vidn sau diy li mdt vf du "Yeu edu hdng ddu ddi vdi gidng viin Id phdi am hiiu linh viie minh gidng dgy neu khdng se rdt long ngong khi lin hue gidng. Gidng dgy khdng cd hdn, sinh vien sechdn vd minh ciing mdt hdng thd gidng dgy" [Giang vidn nam, 35 tudi, Dai hpc Su pham].
TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd 4 (157), 4 - 2 0 1 2
Trong qui trinh md cia, bdi nhip vdi khu vuc vi trdn thd gidi, vide giing vidn gidi ngoai ngtt li ydu ciu bic thid't bidn nay. Da sd giang vidn tr()ng didn khio sit (359/386 giang vidn, chid'm 93%) ddng f vi hoin toin ddng f ring
"Giang vidn cin phai gidi ngoai ngi". Theo 1;^ giii cia nhidu thiy/cd, ngoai ngtt thyc sy la cdng cu, chia khda quan trpng dd md cia tri thic cia nhin loai, cd ngoai ngtt td't mdi cd khi ning cip nhit tri thic, phucmg phip nghidn ciu hidn dai, lam cho qui trinh giing day cia minh td't hem. "Gidng viin gidi ngogi ngU Id thuc su edn thiit vi khi gidng viin gidi ngogi ngit thi si eo nhiing each lii'p can md, cap nhgt Iri thitc liin liin cda nhdn logi, tham gia cdc diin ddn, hpi thdp khoa hpc cdng cdc nhd khoa hpc Irin thi gi&i vd ddng gop tiing noi cOa minh. Ddng Ihdi, qua dd, ndng cao chd't luang gidng dgy vdi sinh viin, hpe vien vd ed nhiing dong gdp xdy dung nhd tru&ng & vi tri mpl ngudi gidng viin cap nhdt khoa hpe hiin dgi" [Giing vidn ntt, 27 tudi, Khoa tipc xa bdi vi Nbin vin].
3.1.3. Hiing Ihu gidng dgy cua gidng vien
Hing thi giing day cua giing vidn dai hpc dupe bidu bidn qua mong mudn, nguydn vpng cia giang vidn ddi vdi vide lua chpn nghd giang vien, qua nidm vui trong qui trinh day bpc, sy gin bd, tim huydt vdi nghd nghiep v.v...
Kdt qua nghien ciu hing tbi giing day cua giing vien dai hpc dupe thd bien d bang 4.
Bdng 4: Hirng thii gidng dgy ciig gidng viin dgi hpc Cac y npi dung
1. Trd thanh giang vidn trong linh vuc-chuyen mdn hidn nay la do tdi tu chon
2. Ndu cd CO hdi lua chpn lai tdi se khdng lua chpn trd thanh giang vidn*
3. Tdi cd the lam vide hang gid trong linh vuc chuyen mdn cia minh ma khdng cam tha'y chan nan
4. Tdi da mong udc trd thanh giang vidn trong linh vuc tdi dang giang day ngay t i khi con la sinh vidn dai hoc 5. Cang giang day tdi thiy minh cang gin bo vdi cdng vide 6. Tdi tim thiy nidm vui khi dupe giang day trong linh vuc cua minh
Tdng
DTB 4,32 3,45 3,78 3,55 4,18 4,19 3,91
SD 0,80 1,38 1,06 1.26 0,81 0,78 0,65
Mic do 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 Ghi chu: * - Diem cua y ngi dung nay ddduac doi nguac lai
TAPCHITAMLtHpC,S6'4 (157), 4-2012
DTB cua thang do niy = 3,91, xd'p d mic 4. Nhu viy so vdi 4 yd'u td chu quan dupe nghidn ciu thi hing tbi giang day c i a giang vidn dai bpc d mic thip nhi't. Mdt ciu hdi dit ra li vi sao hing thi giing day c i a giing vidn dai hpc lai d mic thi'p nhi't so vdi nhttng ydu td chu quan khic dupe nghien cttu?
Qua kdt qui phdng vi'n siu vi thao luin nhdm cho thiy, phin ldm giing vien ddu tu lya chpn trd thinh giing vien dai hpc. Tic li ho ty lya chpn nghd nghiep cho ban thin nhung theo thdi gian, cing vdi nhing ban chd c i a chd dd dai ngd, chi'nh sich vd luong/thudng, co sd vit chi't giang day bay mdi trudng lam viec da lim cho hing thu giing day cua hp ngiy cing giim sit. 'Tdi chudn bi bdi gidng rd'i cdng phu di cd thi co mdt bdi gidng hay vdi nhiiu slides, clip hdp ddn. mudn cho sinh vien .xem vd minh hpa cho sinh viin di hieu bdi hpc nhung mang din ldp hay hoay mdi md cdi mdy chieu vdn khdng hogt ddng duac. Vdi ldn nhu vdy, ciing khdng cdn hirng thu di gidng dgy niia" [Giing vien nam, 29 tudi, Hpc vien Ngin hing].
Cin phii khing djnh ring, mic d i cd DTB thip nhit trong sd 4 ydu td chu quan dupe nghidn ciu nhung da phin giing vidn trong didn khio sat vin ddng y ring hp cd hing thi trong giing day: cd 307/386 giang vidn trong didn khio sit (chid'm 79,6%) ddng y vi rit ddng f vdi cic y ndi dung dupe nghidn ciu thd hidn hing thi cia giing vidn trong giang day.
3.1.4. Tinh thdn, trach nhiim ciia gidng viin trong gidng dgy Bdng 5: Tinh thdn, trdeh nhiim cua gidng viin Irong gidng dgy
Cac y npi dung
1. Tdi thyc hidn cic cdng viec cia giang vien (giang day, chim bai...) mdt each tan tam
2. Tdi thuc hien nghidm tie Id Irinh nang cao trinh dd do khoa/nha trudng ydu ciu
3. Tdi thuc bidn viec chim bii thi theo dung thdi gian mi khoa/nha tmdng ydu ciu
4. Neu khdng c6 ly do die bidt tdi se khdng bd bit c i gid day nao
5. Ndu thanh tra khdng kidm tra thudng xuydn thi tdi se nghi day vai budi ma khdng ngai gi*
6. Tdi tham gia cac boat ddng sinh boat chuydn mdn cia td bd mdn/kboa mdt each nghidm luc
Tdng DTB
4,34 4,33 4,31 4,44 4,18 4,39 4,33
SD 0,69 0,69 0,72 0,78 1,20 0,72 0,58
Mic do
5 5 5 5 4 5 5 Ghi chu: '^ - Diim cda y ndi dung dd dugc ddi ngugc Igi
82 TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd 4 (157), 4 - 2012
Tinh thin, trich nhiem cia giing vien trong giing day duoc thd hien thdng qua viec thuc hien cic nhiem vy cua ngudi giing vidn trong qui trinh giing day d trudng dai hpc. Khdng nhttng thd, nd cdn duac bidu hidn qua vide tu bin thin ngudi giing vidn da lim gi dd ning cao ning luc, trinh (id tay nghd chuydn mdn cia minh. Kd't qui khao sit 386 giing vidn vd tinh tiiin, trich nhidm cia hp duoc thd bidn d bing 5.
Sd lidu d bing 5 cho thiy 5/6 f npi dung dupe nghidn ciu cd DTB d mic 5,_DTB cua toan thang do = 4,33, SD = 0,58. Nhu viy cd thd kd't luin ring, giing vidn trong didn khio sit l i nhung ngudi cd tinii thin, trich nhidm cao hong giing day. Giing vidn trong didn khio sit da thd hien tinh thin, trich nhiem niy thdng qua nhidu hinh ddng cu thd: "chim bii mdt cich tin tim"
D'TB = 4,34; "ning cao trinh dd chuydn mdn" - DTB = 4,33; nghidm tic trong giing day, sinh boat khoa hpc...
3.1.5. So sdnh mtic dd bieu hiin cdc ye'u tdchd quan dedc nhdm gidng viin Mpt ciu hdi dit ra l i lidu ring gitta cic nhdm giing vidn khic nhau thi mic dp bidu hidn cua cic yd'u td chu quan dupe nghidn cttu cd khac nhau? Ket qua dupe phin inh d bing 6.
Bdng 6: Ddnh gid cda cdc nhom gidng viin vi ede yiu tdchu quan cua hp
I T
1
2
3
4
5
Tiiu chi
TnrJmg*
Gidi tinh Tham
nien
Tudi dili
Hoc vi
Khoa hoc xa hfli va Nhan van
Nean bans Sir pham Bich Khoa
NU Nam Dudi i s nam Ttr 15 nam trcr
len Du6i 35 tudi Tir 35 tudi trd
ten CN.Th.S
TS
C i c j Dinh hudng
giA trj ciia fliang vien DTB 4.21 4,i4 4,13 4,24 4.15 4,25 4,18 4,30 4,15 4,27 4,18 4,28
P
0,58
0,14
0.12
0,06
0.17
Nhfin thiirc ve yiu ciu ngh^
nghiip DTB 4.24 4.45 4,35 4.41 4,29 4.42 433 4,47 4.32 4,41 4,36 4.34
P
0,07
0.03
0,06
0,12
0,72 iu to
Hdng thU giang day ciia giang viin
DTB 3,91 3,79 3,95 3.98 3,74 4.04 3,89 3,97 3,96 3,85 3,90 3.94
P
0,00
0,36
0,08
0.56
- Tinh thfin, trfich nhiim cija giang viin DTB 4.28 4.29 4,37 4,37 417 4,46 432 437 4,33 4.32 433 4.33
0,57
0,00
0,45
0,80
0,99 Ghi chu: * tieu chi ndy dung kiem dinh One way ANOVA: cdc tieu chi cdn lgi diing T-test
TAP CHfTAM Ly HOC, S d 4 (157), 4 - 2012 83
Ching tdi nhin thiy, vd cp bin khdng cd sy khic bidt cd f nghTa vd mit thdng kd gitta cic nhdm giing vidn khi dinh gii m i c dd bidu hidn cic ydu td niy d hp.
Tuy nhidn, nd'u nhin nhin ttt gde &(> gidi tfnh, ching ta thiy cd su khic bidt gitta nhdm giing vidn nam vi giing vidn ntt khi dinh gii vd m i c dd bidu hidn cua 3 yd'u td "Dinh hudng gii In cua giing vidn", "Nhin thic cua giing vidn vd ydu ciu cua nghd nghidp", vi "Tinh thin, trich nhidm c i a giing vidn" d bin thin hp. Xu hudng chung ii nhdm giing vidn nam cho ring, cic ydu td niy bidu hien d bin thin hp cao hem, rd ndt ban so vdi nhdm giing vien ntt. Cu thd d ydu td "Dinh hudng gii tri cua giing vien", DTB cua nhdm giing vien nam li 4,42, cia nhdm giing vidn ntt li 4,29, vdi mic f nghia p = 0,03; d ydu td
"Nhin thic cua giing vien vd ydu ciu cua nghd nghidp", DTB cua nhdm giing vidn nam li 4,04 vi nhdm giing vidn ntt l i 3,74 vdi m i c f nghia p = 0,(X); d yd'u td "Tinh thin, trich nhidm cia giing vidn", DTB cua nhdm giing vidn nam ii 4,46 vi nhdm giing vidn ntt l i 4,17 vdi m i c f nghTa p = 0,00. Chia se cua mdt giing vidn ntt sau diy cd thd giii thi'ch phin nio su khic bidt niy: "Tdi nghT ddi v&i gidng viin nii, viic luddng ra lo lieu trang Irdi cho gia dinh khdng phdi Id vdn di. Nhu tdi vdn de kinh li'khdng phai lo vi dd cd chdng. Ldm 6 day luang it mdt chiu nhung cd thdi gian dechdm sdc chdng con, gia dinh. Tdi nghi muc tiiu do ddi v&i phu nit quan trpng han" [Giing vidn ntt, 29 tudi, trudng IChoa hpc xa bdi vi Nhin vin]. 6 yd'u td "Dinh hudng gii tri cua giing vidn", chung tdi nhin thiy, khdng cd sy khic bidt cd y nghia vd mit thdng kd gitta 2 nhdm giang vien nam v i ntt.
3.2. Tdc dpng cua mpt sd yiu td chu qttan den dpng ca gidng day cua gidng vien
Kdt qui nghien ciu da cho thiy, boat ddng giing day cua giing vien dai hpc dupe thuc diy bdi 4 dang ddng co vdi m i c dp thuc diy khic nhau: "ddng ea vi ngu&i hpc", "ddng ca nghi nghiip", "ddng ea tu khang dinh bdn than" vi
"ddng ca kinh tilthu nhgp". Viy cic ydu td chi quan cd mdi tuong quan nhu thd nio vdi cic dang ddng co giing day cua giing vidn? Dd tri Idi ciu hdi tren, ching tdi da s i dung kidm dinh tuong quan Pearson, kdt q u i thu dupe nku sau:
Sd lieu d bing tren cho phdp ching tdi rut ra mdt sd nhin xdt sau diy:
- Cic ydu td chi quan dupe nghien ciu cd mdi tuong quan thuin, khi chit che vdi cic ddng co: "ddng co ty khing dinh bin thin"; "ddng co vi ngudi hpc" va "ddng co nghd nghidp" cua giing vidn.
- 4 ydu td chu quan dupe nghien ciu khdng cd mdi tuong quan d m i c cd f nghia thdng ke vdi "d(5ng co kinh td/thu nhip".
84 TAP CHITAM Ly HOC, Sd'4 (157), 4 - 2012
Bdng 7: Tuang quan giita cdc yiu tdchu quan vd ddng ca gidng dgy ciia gidng viin
Cfic y^u 16'
I. Dinh hudng gid tri ciia gi&ng vien trong gifing day 2. Nhan Ihtic ciia giiing vifin v^
yiu ciu cila ngh£ nghtfip 3. Hilng thii gi&ng day c i a g i ^ g vi£n
4. Tinh t h ^ . trlich nhiem c i a giang viin trong gi&ng day
Cdc dang ddng cd c i a giang viin T u k h i n g
dinh r 0,41 0,48 0,41 0,45
P 0.00 0,00 0,00 0,00
Vi ngiriyi hoc r 0,54 0,57 0,54 0.57
P
0,00 0,00 0,00 0.00
Kinh l£/lhu n h a p r 0,05 0,08 0.00 0,03
P 0.30 0,09 a<93 0.4S
Nghe nghiip r 0.48 0,59 0,55 0.51
P 0,00 0.00 0,00 0.00
Ghi chu: r la he sdtKcfng quan Pearson; p la mdc y nghia
Di kiim dinh tac d6ng cua cac ye'u 16' chu quan d6'n dong ccf giang day cita giang vifin dai hoc, chiing t6i da sijf dung phSn tich hdi qui dan, ket qua tliu duoc nhu sau:
Bdng 8: Tdc ddng cua mdt sd'ye'u tdchu quan den ddng cff gidng day cua gidng vien dai hoc
Cac yeu to
1. Dinh hudng gid u i cua gidng viin trong giang day
2. Nhdn thiic ctia gidng viin v^ yiu edu cila nghd nghiip
3. Hdng thil giang day cQa gidng viin 4. Tinh thdn, trdeh n h i i m cua gidng viin bong gidng day
Cac dang d T u khdng dinh
R ' 0.193""
0.325""
0.192""
0 . 2 4 1 " ' Thii bdc 3 1 4 2
ng ca giang day ciia giang vien Vi n^urri hoc
R"
0 . 3 7 3 " ' 0.463""
0.305""
0.374""
Thii bdc 3 1 4 2
N g h ^ n R"
0.283""
0.427""
0.380""
0.339""
ghiep Thut b^c 4 1 2 3
Ghi chii: '"khi p < 0,001; If Id hi sdhdi qui
* Tde ddng cia cdc yi'u td chu quan di'n ddng ea tif khang dinh bdn than cua gidng viin dgi hpc
Trong sd 04 ydu td chu quan, chung tdi nhin thiy ydu td "nhin thic cua giing vien vd yeu ciu cua nghd nghiep" la ydu td cd tic ddng manh me nhit ddn ddng co ty khang dinh cua giing vidn. Nhttng thay ddi cua ydu td "nhin
TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd 4 (157), 4 - 2012 85
thic cia giing vidn vd ydu ciu cua nghd nghidp" giii thich tdi 32,5% sy bidn ddi ddng co ty khing dinh d giing vidn.
Sy bidn ddi cia yd'u td "tinh thin, trich nhidm cua giing vidn trong giing day" giii thi'ch tdi 24,1% sy bid'n ddi ddng co "tu khing djnh ban thin" cua giing vien dai hpc.
Kdt qui nghien ciu cung cho thiy, cic ydu td "dinh hudng gii tri cua giang vien trong giing day" vi "hing thi giing day cua giing vien" giii thi'ch dupe 19% sy bidn ddi cua ddng CO "ly khing dinh bin thin" c i a giing vien dai hpc.
Nhu viy, nhin thic cua giang vien vd yeu ciu cua nghd nghiep l i ydu td cd tic dpng manh nhit tdi ddng cp ty khing dinh bin thin cua giing vien dai hpc. Ning cao nbin thic cia giang vien vd yeu ciu cua nghd nghiep se la mdt trong nhidu bien phip thuc diy ddng co ty khing dinh bin thin c i a giing vien.
* Tdc ddng cita cdc yiu td chit quan din ddng ca vi ngudi hpc cua gidng viin dgi hpc
Cic sd lieu t i bing tren cho phep ching ldi rit ra mdt nhin xdt chung la cic ydu td chu quan tic ddng manh me nhit ddn ddng co vi ngudi hpc cua giang vien dai hpc. Cu the nhu sau:
- Sy bidn ddi cua ydu td "nhin thic cua giing vidn vd yeu ciu cua nghd nghiep" giii thi'ch tdi 46,3% sy bidn ddi cua ddng co "vi ngu&i hpc" cia giing' vien dai bpc.
- Sy bidn ddi cua ydu td "tinh thin trich nhiem cia giing vien trong giing day" giii thich tdi 37,4% sy bidn ddi cua dpng co "vi ngudi hpc" cua giang vien dai bpc.
- Su bien ddi cua ydu td "dinh hudng gii tri cua giing vien trong giang day" giii thi'ch tdi 37,3% sy bidn ddi cua ddng co "vi ngudi hpc" cua giing vidn dai bpc.
- Su bid'n ddi cua yd'u td "hing thi giing day cua giing vien trong giang day" giii thi'ch tdi 30,5% sy bidn ddi ddng co "vi ngudi hpc" cua giing vien dai hpc.
Cd thd kdt luin ring, "nbin thic cua giang vidn vd ydu ciu cua nghd nghidp" l i ydu td tic dpng manh me nhi't ddn ddng CO "v; ngudi lipc" cua giing vien dai hpc. Nhutig kdt qui nghidn ciu nay cho thiy, diy l i didu kien thuin lpi dd dd xuit cac bien phap tidp tuc duy tri ddng co vi ngudi hoc d giang vien dai hpc.
* Tdc ddng cda cdc yi'u tdchU quan den ddng ca nghi nghiip ciia gidng viin dai hoe
86 TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd 4 (157), 4 - 2012
"Nhin thic c i a giing vien vd yeu ciu cua nghd nghiep" la ydu td cd tic ddng manh me nhi't ddn ddng co nghd nghidp cua giing vidn dai hpc. Nhttng bid'n dd'i cia ydu td nay din ddn 42,7% sy bid'n ddi ddng CO ngiid nghiep cua giing vien dai hpc.
Su bidn ddi cua ydu td "Hitig thi giing day cua giang vien" giai thfch tdi 38% sy bidn ddi "ddng co nghd nghiep" cia giing vien dai hpc.
Sy bie'n ddi cua ydu td "Tinh tbin/trich nhiem cua giang vien trong giing day" giii thi'ch tdi 33,9% sy bie'n ddi "dpng co nghd nghiep" cua giing vien dai iipc.
Nhiing bidn ddi cia ydu td "Dinh budng gia tri cia giing vien trong giing day" giii thich tdi 28,3% su bidn ddi cua "ddng co nghd nghidp" cua giang vien dai bpc.
Cic kdt qui thu dupe cho thi'y, bdn ydu td chi quan dupe nghien ciu hiu nhu khdng cd tic ddng ddn ddng cp "kinh td/thu nhip" cua giing vien dai hpc. Ching tdi cho ring, sd dl cd tinh trang tren la do dpng co kinh td/thu nhip cia giing vien lien quan nhidu ddn cic ydu td khach quan nhu chd dd luong, thudng, chfnh sich cua nha trudng hoic cic chinh sach vT md cia Nha nude.
Bdi viy nhiing su thay ddi cua ydu td chu quan chua cho phep dy bio su thay ddi cua dpng co kinh td/thu nhip d giing vien dai hpc.
4. Ke't l u i n
Ttt nhttng didu phin tfch d trdn, ching tdi rit ra mpt sd kdt luin sau diy:
- Giing vien trong dien.khio sit dinh gii cic ydu td chi quan bidu hidn d mic dp cao d bin thin bp.
- Nbin chung, khdng cd sy khac bidt cd y nghia gitta cic nhdm giang vidn kbi dinh gii vd bdn ydu td chi quan bidu bien d bin thin hp. Tuy nhien, t i gde dp gidi tinh ching ta thiy, cd sy khic bidt gitta nhdm giang vidn nam va nhdm giing vidn ntt vd cic yd'u td "dinh hudng gii tri cia giing vidn trong giing day", "Nhin thic cia giang vidn vd ydu ciu cia nghe nghidp" vi "Tinh thin, trich nhidm cua giing vien trong giing day". Xu budng chung, theo dinh gia cua chfnh giing vidn, cic ydu td nay bidu hien d cic giing vien nam rd net hon so vdi nhdm giang vidn ntt. Cic ydu td chu quan cd md'i tuong quan thuin, kha chit che vdi cic ddng co "ddng cP vi ngudi hpc", "ddng co nghd nghidp",
"ddng CO tu khang dinli bin thin" va khdng cd mdi tuong quan vdi "dpng cp kinh td/thu nhip" cua giing vien.
- S i dung phin tich hdi qui don cho thiy, sy thay ddi cua 3 trong 4 ydu td chu quan dupe nghien ciu cd thd din ddn sy bidn ddi cua ddng co giang day cua giing vien (vdi ty Id dao ddng t i 19,2% dd'n 42,7%).
TAP CHfTAM Ly HOC, S d 4 (157), 4 - 2012 87
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Le Van Hio, Ddng life Idm viic bin trong vd bin ngodi cda cdn bd nghiin edu Viin Khoa hpc xd hdi Viii Nam vd Viin Khoa hpc vd Cdng nghi Viii Nam, Tap chf Tim 1^
hpc, sd 6, ir. 15-26, 2006.
2. Le Thanh Huong, Ddng ca vd diiu chinh hdnh vi, Dd tii cip Vien, Vidn Tim 1^
hoc - Vidn Khoa hpc xa hpi Viet Nam, tr.l2 - 21, 2002.
3. Tdng cue tbdng ke, Niin gidm thing ki ndm 2010, NXB Thdng kd, tr. 649 - 655, 2011.
4. Nguydn Thi Tinh, Tinh lich cue gidng dgy cua gidng viin dgi hgc, Luin in tidn si Tim ly hpc, tr. 80 - 83, 2009.
5. Hoing Trong, Chu Nguydn Mdng Ngoc, Phdn lich da liiu nghiin citu vdi SPSS, NXB Thd'ng ICd, l,-. 170-201,2005.
6. Pham Thinh Nghi, Gido trinh Tdm ly hoc gido due, I*OCB Dai hpc Qude gia Hi Ndi, U. 235- 255,2011.
7. Zollan Domyei, Teaching and Researching Motivation, 2™" Edition, Pearson Education Ll. Hariow, England, p. 170 - 206, 2003.
8. John W.Santrock, Educational Psychology, 2** Edition, McGraw-Hill Higher Education, p. 412 - 442, 2006.
TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd 4 (157), 4 - 2 0 1 2
