NGHIEN CUU t y
GIAO DDC THAM Ml AM NHAC THONG QDA HOAT DONG DAY HAT CHO TRE
I.OItvSnde
Gilo dye tham mT (GDTM) nhim hddng eon ngudi din sy phat trien t o l n ven "ddc - trf - the - mT" gdp phan vio sy hinh thdnh v l phit trien nhan d e h cho t h i h i trl. Hogt ddng I m nhac II mdt trong nhdng hoat ddng ddng vai trd mui nhpn, the hien rd nhat elm xue, tlnh d m va sU sing tgo cli dep trong GDTM ddi vdi t r l . Trong chuong trinh giao dye (GO) mam non, hogt ddng I m nhge dupe ehia thdnh eae hogt ddng eu the: Hoat ddng day hdt, hogt ddng cd hdt t r l nghe, hoat ddng van ddng theo nhac, trd choi I m nhac,... Olc biet, hogt ddng dgy hdt II hoat ddng ehu y l u v l II mot trong nhdng phuong tien ehu y l u GDTM eho t r l mau giao.
2. Mot so khai niem cd bin 2.1. khdi niem GDTM
GDTM, hilu theo nghTa hep - I I mdt qua trinh, mdt h i thdng GD x l hdi, trong dd chii the GD vdi lap trudng, dinh hddng g i l trj nhlt djnh blng nhdng phuong tien, hlnh thde nhat djnh, t i e ddng lln eon ngudi nhim hlnh thdnh nhdng nhu cau va ndng lUe tham mT vdi tU d e h II mdt bd phdn eda MT hpe; hieu theo nghTa rdng - I I sU hinh thanh van hod t h l m mT, gdp phln hodn thiln con ngudi van hod - t h l m mf. GDTM nhim myc dfeh hlnh thdnh cdc tlnh d m t h l m ml, thj hilu tham mi vd If tudng thlm mT.
2.2. Hogt ddng dgy hdt
Hoat ddng day hat la mdt qud trinh day hoe, bao gdm:
- Hogt ddng dgy eda giao vien (GV): Lanh dao, td chdc vd dieu khien, truyin thu giai dilu, t i l t t l u giiip t r l elm thy, hdt ddng glal di#u, t i l t t l u cCia bli hit; giiip t r l elm nhan ddOc d i hay, cli dep trong Idi ea, giai dieu, tiet tau,... sau dd t h i hiln lai blng elm xuc cua b i n t h i n ; - Hoat ddng hpe ciia t r l : Trl t y giae, tfeh eye vd ehu ddng ITnh hdi nhdng kiln thde, kT ndng ed trong bai hat md GV truyen thy; the hien ddng giai dieu vd tiet tau eiia bdi hdt blng ehfnh d m xiie, d m nhdn eda minh ve bdi hit.
3. Th^c trang hoat ddng day hit trong trudng mlm non hlln nay
3.1. NhCmg hinh thtfc ti chtft dgy hdt cho tri trong trUdng mdm non
a) Dgy hdt theo quy djnh cda ehUOng trinh GD mdm non
Hinh thdc td ehde dgy hat phd bien nhat I I day theo Idp, phln theo Ida tudi. GV sd dyng nhdng phdong phap da ddpe hpe theo elc bdde co bin nhu: Khdi ddng gipng;
llm quen vdi bli hit; dgy hdt; kiem tra ddnh gid. Trong q u i trinh thye hiln, tdy theo mde dp bli vd sy nhln biet cua t r l , GV llnh hoat trong vi^e sip xep d c budc l<hi dgy hdt, GV da k i t hop dgy eho t r l mdt sd ddng tdc don giln;
k i t hop vdi nhdng dao eu phu hpp vdi ndi dung, tinh chit giai didu, t i l t tau 64 tao hiitig thu vd phong phd hon trong gilng dgy. Sd k i t hpp vdi ede phuang ti&n dgy
ThS. NGUYEN QUANG NHA Tnfihig Cao Oang SD pham Tmng uong hat ludn ddpc GV sd dung trong hinh thdc to chdc nay.
b) Dgy hdt eho tri trong nhimg chuang trinh hogt dpng vdn hoa vdn nghi chung eda trudng
Hinh thdc td chdc dgy hat phuc vu eho d c chdong trinh v i n nghe eua nhd trudng bieu diln trong d e ngly l l , ngly ki niem trong nam hpc. Vile dgy hat dupe linh hogt hon nhieu v l thudng khdng tuan theo eae bude nhu hinh thdc td chdc Idp.
d hlnh thdc nay, GV thudng tap luy§n chia thdnh nhilu budi dgy va ren luyen kT ludng vdi nhdng y l u d u cao han rat nhieu so vdi hinh thde to chdc day d trln Idp.
Tuy nhien, de td ehde day hit, GV phli ehpn Ipc nhljmg t r l ed khd nlng, nlng khilu trdi hon nhdng dda t r l edn laL
Ngoli hai hinh thdc td chdc co bdn trln, tuy tdng thdi dilm, hoan d n h v l ddi tdpng, GV se sd dyng nhieu hinh thdc khic nhau de dgy hat cho t r l .
3.2. Tdc dgng eua moi trUdng gia dmh - nhd trUtfng - xd hgi den viee hgc hdt cda tri
Trl dupe t i l p xde edi hay, edi dep dau tien la trong mdi trudng gia dinh, trUde bet id tlnh yeu thUOng eua me. Trong gia dinh, t r l dupe tiep xiie vdi nhdng net dep eiia vdn hda giao tilp, dng xd eiia ede thdnh vien; dupe t i l p xdc md rdng hon vdi nhdng edi dep trong xd hdi qua sUdIn d l t vd cdc mdi quan he xa hdi eiia gia dinh.Td am gia dinh II noi nudi dudng nhdng edi dep eho t r l .
Nhl trudng (eo sd GD mam non edng lap va tuthye) la mpt trong ba mdi trudng GD vd ddng vai trd quan trpng nhlt ddi vdi t r l Ida tudi mam non trong viee hinh thanh t h i gidi quan, nhiing ehuan mUe xa hdi, ehuan mye d i dep,... d l hlnh thanh nhdn each eda t r i . Trong trudng mam non, t r l dUOe eham sde va tuy tdng Ida tudi, t r l dupe GD thdng qua d e hoat ddng mT thudt, hoat ddng dm nhac, llm quen vdi mdi trudng xung quanh, phdt triln ngdn ngd,... Oly ehinh Id mdi trudng tre dupe GDTM ed he thdng, bai bin va khoa hpc
Trl ehju sy Inh hddng ciia x l hdi thdng qua cupc sdng da phUPng t i l n thdng tin dai chdng. Trong nhdng t i c ddng dd ed tdt v l ed xlu, vi viy, t r l d n ed sy dieu chinh v l udn nln cda gia dinh va nhd trddng.
Trl thudng xuyen dupe t i l p xue vdi I m nhge, nhdng ca khue dinh eho Ida tudi mam non. d gia dinh, t r l thudng xuyen nghe nhdng dieu hdt ru, nhdng bat h i t thilu nhi quen thudc eua bd me, dng bd; d trudng, d e hoat ddng I m nhge Id ndi dung b i t budc trong ehuong trinh GD; vdi xa hdi, am nhge d i n vdi t r l qua ede phuang tien thdng tin dgi chdng, internet,...
.3.3. Mpt val ddnh gid a)Uudiem
Chat lupng GVdgy dm nhac trong trudng mam non dupe nang eao v l If luan va kT ndng nghi nghilp. Day la mdt yeu td thuln Ipi nhlt eho su thay ddi va nlng cao ehat lupng day hpe ede hogt ddng I m nhge trong trddng mam non.
sdl18-1}li^G7/2015*37
C Q NGHI£N ctru _
Chuong trinh day hat trong trddng mam non van bam sit mue dieh yeu d u do Bd GD&OT ban hlnh. Ngodi tdi lilu v l nhdng ea khue thilu nhi, ea khiic m l m non, sy phdt triln eda internet dd lam eho kho tang eiia nhdng ea khue thilu nhi them phong phu va da dgng; nhieu beat (nhac d i m sin] ed the lay t d internet. Dieu nay giup GV lya ehpn ddpe nhteu ea khue phu hpp 64 day.
Ngoii ra, cac trang thiet bj nhd dan Organ, may phdt VCD, DVD, ddi eatset, d e dao eu,... trong d e trddng m l m non hiln nay kha day du, ed t i c dyng hd trp eho viee td ehde d c hogt ddng am nhac, nhat Id ddi vdi boat ddng day h i t cda GV.
b) Hgn ehi
Khi ndng sd dung cdc trang t h i l t bi (dae biet Id k h i nlng sd dyng tfnh nlng dan organ) cCia cae GV day nhac m l m non chUa cao nen ehua tan dung triet de phuong tien day hpe hilu qud. Nhdng bdi h i t GV lua ehpn t r l n internet bode t d nhdng ngudn khic d l u khdng dupc kilm duylt khiln cae bai hdt lya ehpn cd the ehua phu hpp vdi t r l .
Tuy da cd sU chuyen biln v l ddi ngu gidng day am nhge nhdng sd Idemg d e GV chuyin day dm nhge eho bic hpe m l m non van ehua d i p dng dO nhu d u sd dyng (3V ehuyin biet d trudng m l m non. Vi vdy, nhilu trudng vSn sddung nhdng GV khdng phli la GV I m nhge de d i m nhilm gidng dgy hogt ddng I m nhac Dieu niy khiln chit IdOng GD khdng dupe d i m blo.
4. Biln phap GDTM am nhac thong qua hoat dong day hat cho t r l
4.1. Ndng cao khd ndng hdt, truyin tdi giai diiu vd tiit tiu eda bdi hdt eho GV
Khi nhle d i n thanh nhge (hit), bd may phdt am khie bilt vdi bat ed mdt logi nhge cu nao, dd chfnh II thanh ddi cOa con ngUcri.Tuy nhiln, I m thanh dd phdt ra phli I I sU kit hpp ddng thdi giiia ngdn ngdvd giai d i l u eung vdi t i l t tau de tao nen mdt t i c pham. Do dd:
- GV phli ren luyen de nang eao khd nlng hat nhim t i c ddng den d m xde eua t r l blng giong hat, dgy eho t r l d m nhgn dupe nhdng cung bic khae nhau cOa giai dilu. GV phli truyen Igi cho t r l nhdng eao dd ehfnh xde d l t r l t i l p nhdn bang thfnh gilc v l qua sy xd If cda bd nio, t r l se t l i tgo Igi nhdng cao dd nghe thay blng gipng hdt eiia t r l . Nhdng d u h i t ddpc igp lai se tao nhdng n i t giai dieu chuin xac eao dd d i t r l d m nhgn, ehu ddng t i l p nhln v l d i l u chlnh cho giai dieu dung nhat. Dd I I nhdng n i t dep v l nhdng chuan mUe v l sy k i t hop I m thanh ddoe hinh thlnh qua hogt ddng day hit.
- GV d n kit hop trong dgy h i t d e dang I m hlnh t i l t t l u d d e bdi hat eung vdi giai dilu theo nhdng quy trinh d l truyen thy vd t i l p nhln glal didu. GV d n bilt sip xIp I m ngdn dai, ngin thinh mdt td hpp v l l i p di lap Igi td hpp dd nham tgo eho t r l ed nhdng d m xdc khde nhau nhu: du duong, nhe nhang hay sdi ddng, mgnh me,... blng d e t i l t tau nhanh ehdm khde nhau.
Nhdng elm xue rd ring ban khi cd giai cfieu di kim, nhCmg quy tult, nhdng I m hinh t i l t tau se hlnh thdnh vd t r l se bilt cleh biln nhdng I m hlnh tiet t l u hda hc^ vdi nhjp sinh hoc cOa co the minh vd hlnh thdnh nhdng ell chuin CO b i n v l t i l t tau.
- Khi day hat, GV phli khai thdc tfnh GD trong ndi dung cda bai h i t v l cung d p cho t r l nhutig thdng tin v l cude sdng, mdi trudng xung quanh, t h i gidi quan.
Thdng qua boat ddng day hit, GV biet each phit triln
ngdn ngd eho t r l vl giai dieu, t i l t tau se dupe ket hop vdt ngdn ngd d l thlnh mdt the holn ehlnh. Khi dgy t r l hit, GV phli ehlnh sda, r l n luyen va hodn thien each phat am ehuin cho t r l , t r l s i dan d m nhdn dupe nhdng net dep trong ngdn ngd cda dan tde minh; t r l se l l m quen vdi nhdng t d mdi d l dan lap day vdn t d vdng.
Vl vdy, GV d n phdt bilt k i t hpp nhi:fng k h i nlng ye I m nhge eda minh v l t i p trung vao ba y l u td ehinh ciia mdt bai hdt (giai dilu. t i l t t l u , Idi ca) de tao dupe hilu q u i GD tdt nhat.
4.2. Ndng eao kindng to ehtfe, diiu khien eua GV de truyen dUOeedm htfng cho tri
Viee sd dyng d i n mdt d e h tieh ede trong day hat van Id hgn che ddi vdi d e GV day am nhge trong trudng mam non. Trong qud trinh day hat, nhlt I I dgy hat tdng d u , vile sddyng nhge cy k i m theo khiln cho t r l nhanh thudc giai dieu hon, hdng thd hon. Vi vgy, GV phli ren luyen tay d i n , nhlt la ddi vdi vile sd dyng tieng piano d i m hda am theo I m hinh tiet tau eua b l i d tay trai, dinh giai d i l u cda d u h i t blng tay phli. GV rln luyen tdt kT ndng nly thi viec dgy h i t se trd n l n d l dang va hdng thii ban rat nhilu vdi tre.
Ngodi k h i nang v l chuyin mdn (am nhac), GV phdi ren kT nang cudn hut t r l blng nhilu y l u td khac nhau trong q u i trinh td chdc hogt ddng dgy hit, thu hdt dupc t r l tham gia v i o boat ddng mdt d e h tfeh ede nhim dat dupc hilu q u i GD cao nhlt. Hogt ddng trong ITnh vyc nghi t h u i t ndi chung, thanh nhac (hit) ndi rieng, su bieu elm c i m xdc cda ngudi lam n g h i t h u i t thdc sd khdng the thilu. Chfnh v) viy, trong qud trinh dgy hit, GV phli truyen eho t r l d m xue d i n t d bin than minh blng dieu bd, cd chl cda eo the, ehan tay, nhdng edm xde that tren khudn mat. Khi GV biet k i t hop nhdng ylu td nay vdi k h i ndng I m nhac t d t ehle chin se Idi cudn 6\iac sd hdng thu, tap trung eao eua t r l . Td dd, nlng eao 6uac hieu q u i GD mdt each rd ret.
4.3. To chtfc cdc hogt dpng ndng cao khd ndng hdt cda tri
- Td chdc day h i t nang cao vdi d e hinh thde nhu:
Hdt ddi dap, h i t ddng ea, tdp ca, song ea, h i t theo su phan vai trong boat d n h , . . . rdi t i p bieu d i i n .
-Td ehde eho t r l nghe nhge: Cho t r l nghe d i n , hit qua d e phdong tien nghe nhln, xem video; nghe k l chuyen cd tieh, xem video cd nhac minh hpa; nghe nhac cd dan chuyen, nghe nhge k i t h ^ vdi xem tranh; nghe nhCmg bdn nhge khdng Idi, nhdng bdn nhge cd diln de nghe,... de t r l ddoe ren luyen tai nghe I m nhge bpc Id cdm xdc ling nghe ket hpp vdi mdt v l i b i l u elm qua Inh mit, net mat hoge ed t h i hdng thd ddng f i n nhdy miia de hda cdng v i o giai dilu I m nhac tuy theo tinh chit vd phong d e h I m nhac eda b i n nhac
- To chdc boat ddng van dpng theo nhge: Tap d c ddng t i c mua CO b i n d l minh hpa eho b l i hat; hudng d i n t r l luyen t i p mdt sd d i l u mda d i n gian ed tfnh dae trung ciia d c d i n tdc nhdy mua theo d c b i n nhge nUdc ngoli quen tfiudc-. to ehde eho t r l b i l u d l l n cle tie pham ea d n h , hogt d n h , ddng vai t h i hi^n tinh d e h nhln vat
- T^ ehde trd choi I m nhge ed t i e dyng phit trien nang khieu v l ndng eao d m xuc I m nhac nhu:T|p nghe
. NGHIEN CUU b y i
giai d i l u I m nhac, xudng ten ndt nhge, gd dem vdi nhac ey djnh am; tap nghe 64 nhln biet ve eddng dd, am s i c luyin tri nhd I m nhge; d c logi trd ehri ddng val the hiln tinh cleh nhln vdt, trd choi k i t hpp vdi hit v l mua,...
-To chdc d e Idp nang khilu i m nhge eho trl: Trong d e trudng m l m non, dae bilt d d e trudng mam non chat Idpng cao, nhu d u eda t r i mudn ddpc tham gia v i o d c Idp nang khilu am nhge theo sd thfch el nhln cda bin than Id r i t cao. Cd t h i td ehde cle Idp hpc:
+ Cho t r l thudng thdc nghi thudt vdi cle hlnh thdc: Xem video d c phim ca nhac, ede ehuong trinh b i l u diln nghe thu|t, d c budi hda nhge thfnh phdng,... phu hpp vdi Ida tudi eda t r l ; xem miia rdi ed phln I m nhac ldm nln do cdc cd gido hole doln chuyen nghiep bilu diln,...;
+Tgp luy^n d e chuang trinh bilu dien phye vy ede ngly hdi, ngly I I ;
+ Td chdc d c boat ddng I m nhge nhd: Hpe dan, hpc hit, miia, kf xudng im,...
5. Kit luin
O l hoat ddng day h i t tde ddng den elm xue, tinh d m ciia t r i q u a nhilu y l u t d v l nhieu phuong dien tdc ddng khde nhau, ngddi GV d n rln luyen, nlng eao kT ning hit, kT nlng td chdc, dilu khien khi dgy hat vd kT nlng td chdc d c hoat ddng dgy h i t khie nhau. GDTM eho t r l phli ddpe thiic hiln liln tyc va b i n bf. Cde hogt ddng dm nhac ndi chung v l hoat ddng day h i t ndi rieng II mpt trong nhdng phuong t i l n chd y l u trong vide
GDTM cho t r l mam non. Nlu chdng ta dinh g i l dung vai trd cda hogt ddng nay va khai thic trilt 64 thi se mang lai hieu q u i GDTM eao eho t r l vd t h i h i tuang lai cda d l t ndde
TAILIIUTHAMKHAO
[1]. Vu Minh Tam, (1998), Mi hoc vd Gido due thdm mi, NXB Gilo dye
[2]. Tran Thj Ngpc Trim, L l Thu Huong, Le Thi Anh Tuylt (ddng ehii bien), (2010), Hudng ddn to chtfc thtfc hiin chuang trinh gido due mSm non, NXB Gilo due Vilt Nam.
[3]. L l Thj Anh Tuylt, (1992), Gido due cdi dep cho tri r/iff, NXB Gido dye
SUMMARY
Aesthetic education is a compulsory part in human education process towards perfect development; contribute toshaping and developing foryoung generation's personality.
Music activity plays an active mie, clearly expresses emotions, sentiments and tieauty creation in the aesthetic education for children. Singing teaching activity gets impact on children's emotions and feelings tiirough various elements and aspects, teachers need improve skills of singing, organization, control and tmining activities.
Keywords: Aesthetic education; singing teaching;
preschool children.
CD SD Li LOAN VE THDC TAP TOT NGHIEP..
(Tiip theo trang 30) mdt t h i thdng nhlt duae md t l blng md hlnh 2.Md hinh 2: Cde thdnh to eda TTTN Nhdtnidni
Gido vign
I
hudmg din TTTN
i
r
SdTTTN ]Ngudi
I
hudng din Myc ti€u, ngi dung, phuang thuc TTTN
1
C
Hoat dpng TTTN
Ket qua TTTN 4. Ket luin
TTTN cd val trd trpng y l u trong vile nlng eao nang lyc ehuyen mdn, kT ndng thdc hlnh, phim chit nghi nghilp eho sinh vien, gdp phln nlng cao chit Idcmg dio tao cda n h i trddng. Thdng qua TTTN, sinh viln ddpe t i l p d n vdi thye t i l n , vtf hoat ddng nghi nghilp theo chuyin mdn ddpe d i o tao; t d dd giup cho sinh viln de ding thfch dng vdi cdng v i ^ sau khi tdt nghilp ra trudng.
Td vile nghiln cdu eo sd If luin vlTTTN ed t h i nhgn thay d l nlng eao chit tdpng TTTN eho sinh viin. d c trudng dgi hpc d n chd trpng nlng eao ehit luong tdng thanh td
v l quin li phdi hop hii hda ehde nang eda d e thanh td thi mdi d i m blo eho hoat ddng TTTN dat hilu qui eao.
TAILIIUTHAMKHAO
II]. Nghj quyet so 29-NQ/TW ngdy 04/11/2013 cda Tmng uang Ddng cpng sdn Viit Nam vi Ddi mdi cdn bdn, todn diin gido due va ddo tgo, H I Ndi.
[2]. Nguyen NhuV (ehd bien), (1998), DgiTtfdien tieng Viet, NXB VIn hda -Thdng tin, HI Ndi.
[3].Trln Kilm, (2009), Nht^g vdn dicabdn eua khoa hgc qudn If gido due, NXB Dgi hpe SU phgm, Hd Npi.
[4]. Trung t l m D i m b l o chit lUpng dao tgo v l Nghiln cdu p h i t trien gilo dye, (2005), Gido due dgi hgc - Chit lugng vd ddnh gid, NXB Ogi hpe Qude gia, HI Ndi.
[5]. Nguyin Hdu Chlu, (2006), Nhdng van decabdn vi chuang trinh vd qud trinh day hge, NXB Gilo due, HI NdL
SUMMARY
Many graduates with sound theoretical knowledge still get weak practical knowledge. This reason explains the requirement of organization, cooperation, companies and employers' conditions and work experience in recruitment.
That requires training contents, program and metiiod to match actual requirement; student gmduate intemships must be considered more important and carried out with quality and effectiveness; contributing in improving studenfs professional competence and practical experience.
The article analyzed issues related to theoretical base in tenvs of universities'graduate internship.
Keywords: Graduate internship; university; students.
Sjf 118-THilNG 7/2015 O S
