N g h i e n ciJu - T r a o d o i
Giao due phbng tranh thien tai VI tinh'ben vutig vung Tay Bac
O ThS, NCS. D 6 XUAN DLJTC
TrUdng Cao dang Sdn La; NCS Khoa Mdi tn/dng, Tn/dng D0 hgc KhiDa hgc Tu nhiin ThS. VU TH! NU
Trudng Dw hoc Tiy Bac
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iin doi khi h$u dang cd tic dgng khi rd den khu vtfc Tay Bac, anh hudng khdng nho din stf phit trien bin vQiig cua cic cgng dong din tgc t^i day tren phuang dign kinh te, mdl trtfdng, xa hii, van hda. Vi viy, giio dye phdng trinh thien tai cho dgi ngu giao slnh din tic, phit trien nang Itfc tfng phd vdl thien tai cd the xay ra, phit trien ky nang chung song, giam thiiu tii da thigt hgi do cic tham hga thien tai la yeu cau, nhi$m vy cua cic cd sd GD&DT giio viin khu vtfc Tiy Bac nham nang cao nang Itfc nguin Itfc dgi ngu giao viin gdp phan xay dtfng nin mdng giio dye pho thong (mam non, tiiu hgc, trung hgc Cdsd, THPT), bao dam myc tiiu giio dye toan dign vi tinh ben vUfng vung Tay Bic.Cac y e u X6 d n h h u f l n g d e n g i a o d u e p h o n g t r d n h t h i e n tai cac t r i / f l n g d g i h p c , c a o d a n g k h u v y c Tdy Bac
Trong nhQng nam g i n day, xu huflng eac trUflng dgi hpc, cao dang s u p h g m c h u y i n d l i md hinh tU chuyen ddo tao gido vidn sang dao tgo da ngdnh, da d p , da ITnh vpc ddp Qng nhu d u ngufln nhan lyc ddp Qng nhu eiia xa hpi tgi cde dja phUflng. Cac truflng cao dang, dgi hgc khu v y c Tdy Bae n i m trong xu huflng e h u y i n doi tren.
Do vdy, so lugng sinh vien ngay cdng tang, t i n g s l sinh vidn theo hgc tgi cac trUflng dai hpe, eao dang khu vgc Tdy Bae ndm 2016 la 22.593 sinh vien, trong dfl Hfla Blnh (1.808 sinh vidn); Sdn La (14.825 sinh vien), Dien Bien (800 sinh vidn), Lai Chdu (1.879 sinh vien ),Yen Bdi (1.192 sinh vien);
Lao Cai (2.089 sinh vien), chiem hgn 5 0 % Id sinh vidn theo hpc tal cac khoa s u phgm. Do tfnh chat dde thCi trong dao tgo nhan lyc cua khu vpc Tay B l e , cdc truflng dai hpe, eao dang trong khu vpc cfl chien lugc Uu t r i l n phdt t r i l n va d i u t u ddi ngu gidng vien, cd sfl hg tang, phUdng tidn phuc vy dgy vd hoc, phUdng thUc qudn ly, rdn nghe theo huflng phat trien ky ndng, kien thUc, thai dg huflng d i n chuan ndng lue cfla n g h l gido vidn, day la dieu kidn thuan Ipl de trien khai nfli dung va phUdng phdp giao dye ndng cao nang luc phflng trdnh thien tai cho sinh vidn, gido sinh s u p h g m .
K l hogch hdnh ddng thpc hien Chien lupc quoc gia phflng, chong v d giam nhp thidn tal cua Ngdnh Giao dye giai dogn 2011 - 2020, dat mge tieu den ndm 2015 hoan thdnh viec mfl vd to chQc ddo tao eac chuydn nganh phye vu cflng tde phflng, c h l n g va giam nhp thidn tai, tU 2016 - 2020 t l ehUc t r i l n khai dp dyng dgi tra mdu trUflng/lflp hpc phdng, chong
va gidm nhg thien tai. Day la t i l n d l quan trpng de thyc hien long ghep, tfeh hgp nhQng k i l n thQc cd bdn v l phdng, e h I n g vd gidm nhg thien tai vdo ede ehUdng trinh giao dgc tgi cde truflng, khoa ddo tgo gido vidn khu vye Tdy Bac. Thidn tai vd thdm hga tU thidn tai dang trfl thdnh thdch thflc Ifln n h i t trong phat t r i l n KT-XH, QP-AN, ddc bidt dfl'i vfli ede eflng dflng dan tdc thieu s l vung Tay B l e . Do d d , nhgn thUe thidn tal 6 d p dp khac nhau trfl thanh v i n d l thyc tien dugc eac cd sfl giao dye, dao tgo, ede khoa bd mfln, gidng vien, sinh vien, vd cdng dong dja phUdng khu vgc Tdy B l e quan tam.
Gido dge phflng c h l n g thidn tai cfl the dugc tfeh hpp vdo n h i l u bai hoc, hpc phan cd IJ thuyet va thuc hanh dong thfli ed t h l la nhQng chfl de ngogi khfla trong ede cudc thi danh cho sinh vidn.
Do d d , sinh vien cfl n h i l u cdch thQc t i l p edn khac nhau, ddy Id thugn lgi d l tang cuflng dUa gido dye phdng c h l n g thidn tai vdo ede truflng dgi hge, eao dang khu vye Tdy B l e .
Smh vien cdc dan tpc t h i l u s l dang theo hgc tgi cde truflng dgi hgc, eao dJing khu vyc Tdy B l e sinh ra vd truflng thanh trong mdi truflng dieu kidn t y nhien k h i c nghiet, khfl khan, tU nhfl dUde t i l p cdn vfli kinh nghiem phflng c h l n g
TQI nguyen v d Mdi t r y d n g | Kyi-Thing 8/2017 1 ^
thidn tai eua gia dinh, eflng dong dja phUdng nen giup hp y thfle viee van dyng kiln thflc khoa hpe nhgn bilt, phflng trdnh thidn tai vfli kinh nghidm ed nhdn vdo thyc tidn ffnh vyc eflng tde.
Hidn nay, eae truflng dgi hpe, eao ding trdn phgm vi d nufle nfli Chung, khu vyc Tdy Ble nfli rieng chUa cd mdn hpc dflc ldp giao dgc phong trdnh thidn tai, do vgy chUa hinh fridnh hd thing ngi dung, ddo tao, phUdng thQc to ehUe gido dye phong trdnh tiiidn tai efl bai bdn tgi tat ed cdc d p hgc.
Trdn 90 % sinh vien theo hge cac nganh dao tgo gido vidn tgi d c truflng dai hge, eao dang khu vyc Tay Bac la con em dan tfle ttiieu so (ngufli Thdi, MUflng, Mflng, Dao„.), nhQng hgn che ve ngfln ngQ, tam ly IQa tuoi, dde dilm nhdn thflc eua sinh vidn ngufli dan tfle thieu s6 cfl nhieu net khdc biet so vfli mdt bdng ehung. Do vdy, d n cfl d c h tiep can ngi dung va phUdng phap gido dye phflng trdnh thidn tai phfl hpp.
Bien doi khf hdu dang trfl thanh thdch thQc trong qud trinh phdt triln kinh t l vung Tdy Bae, bilu hien BDKH cd ban tgi khu vpc Tay Bac qua cde hidn tupng;
mua khfl kdo dai gdy thieu nuflc, han han; IQ ong, lu quet sgt Ifl dat da cyc bp; cac hien tUpng thfli tilt cpc doan ret ddm, rdt hai. Do dfl, gido dpe phflng trdnh thidn tai eho sinh vidn su phgm d n tap trung vdo eae ndi dung cd ban sau.
Giao dMC kien thiJib, ky nang, thai dp phong tranh thieu nu'dc, hgn han trong mua kho
Kien thUc: Nhdn didn tinh trgng khfl hgn, xdc djnh dUpc cdc ddt nang nong, chT ra nguyen nhdn gdy khfl han, nang nflng, xac dinh dupe tdc dflng bit lgi cfla khd hgn, thieu nuflc dd'i vfli sdn xult vd dfli song.
Ky ndng: Phan tich, ddnh gia dupc nhQng quy hoach, sfl dgng hpp ly nguon nuflc tgi d c ho thuy didn tgi khu vpc Tdy Bac trong cde mfln hpc nhU; Dia \<f, Giao dye mdi truflng. Tfch hgp, Ilng ghep gido dye sfl dung cde loai gilng cay tring thfch hgp, sii dung ft nUflc, cfl sUc chong chju eao trong khd hgn vdo eac mfln hgc bgc pho thong qua dgt thye tap su phgm bde tilu hpc, THCS, THPT. Ddnh gid dupe vai trd, y nghTa viec gido dye y thflc trong, bdo ve Krng dau nguon, rUng phong hg qua ede phan thge thpc hdnh, thye dja trong ehUdng trinh ddo tgo.
Thdi dfl: Hinh thanh cho ngufli hge ^ thUe, sfl dyng tiet kidm TNN, biet long ghep y thfle sfl dyng thdng minh nguon nufle vdo cdc hogt dflng day hpe bdc pho thflng.
Giao due kien thdc, ky nang phong trdnh lu ong, lu quet trUgt Id d i t dd cyc bd
Kiln thflc: Nhdn dien hidn trgng ID ong, lu qudt trugt Ifl dit da eye bfl; xae djnh dupe d c thang trong nam xdy ra lu ong, lu quet, trUgt Ifl dat da; Net ke d e tde dgng vd thidt hai cua ID dng, lu qudt, trupt Ifl dat dd vfli san xud't, dfli sing ngufli ddn Tdy Ble.
Ky nang: Phdn tfeh dupe ehu gidi ednh bao lu fl'ng, lu quet, trupt Ifl dat da trong bdn do phdn vDng ednh bao nguy ed trupt Ifl dit dd ede vung miln nfli Vidt Nam.
Danh gia vai trfl, vi tri cua viec tring rflng vd bdo ve rQng dau nguin trong qua trinh dieu tilt nguon nUflc cho ede nhd mdy thfly didn; phflng chong lu lut.
Thye hdnh dupe ky ndng phflng tranh, dol phfl lupt Ifl dat dd, lu quet cho cflng dong ngUfli dan tfle thieu so. Dac bidt, hinh thdnh cho gido sinh sU phgm ky nang bd tri ndi sd tdn an todn eho hgc
sinh, ngufli dan trong vung nguy hilm khi efl cdnh bao ve bdo, 10 vd mua Ifln. Phdn tfch dupe cdc phUPng phap phu hgp nhlm day mgnh cdng tae tmyIn thdng cgng dong hgn che thidt hgi do ID, ID quet, sgt Ifl dat tgi khu vpc mien nui Tay Ble.
Thai dfl: Ren luydn y thUc trdeh nhidm xa hfli cfla nha giao tUdng lai vdi eflng dflng thdng qua cde hoat dflng tfeh hgp ndi dung phdng trdnh ID Ing, ID quet vao d c hogt dgng hpc tdp, ren luydn nghiep vy su phgm thuflng xuyen.
Gido due kien thdc, ky nang phong tranh thdi tiet cyc doan ret ddm, ret hai
Kien thUe: Nhdn didn dien bien ret dam, ret hai. Xae dinh dupe tde dflng bit ldi cfla rdt ddm, ret hai d i n tring trpt, vdt nudi, sUe khfle efla con ngufli.
Ky ndng: Ddnh gia dupc vai trfl, y nghTa efla he thing tap quan, kinh nghidm va sang kiln cpng ding ddn tde thilu so trong phong tranh gidm nhe thiet hgi do rdt dam, ret hgi. Thpc hanh tuydn truyln thdng tin ve ret dam, ret hgi trong cdng dong dan tpc thieu so tren cac logi hinh phUPng tidn thdng tin, giup ngufli dan chu dgng ling phd. T 6 chUe dupc nhUng bull tap huan ky thudt phdng chong ehju rdt, gifli thidu d c mo hinh sdn xult trdnh ret vd chlng ret.
Thai dp: Ren y thfle tfch hpp kinh nghidm, sang kiln cflng ding vd ky thudt phflng tranh ret dam, ret hgi.
PhUdng phap giao dgc phong trdnh thien tai
PhUdng phip tich hgp giio dye phdng trinh thiin tai vio cic mon hgc
ChUdng trinh dao tgo gido
vidn mam non: Giao dye nhgn
thUc eac hidn tupng thien tai dien
12 Tdi nguydn vd Mdi tnj-ong | K> 1 - Thing 8/2017
hinh qua viec tfeh hpp vdo eac hpc phan trong chUdng trInh dao tgo gido vien m i m non nhU:
PhUdng phdp cho trd lam quen vfli mfli trudng xung quanh; vd sinh phdng benh trd e m , hinh thdnh cho gido sinh mgt so ndng ipc gido dye va dgy hpe eho tre.
Phdt t r i l n the chat thdng qua trd chpi vdn dflng: Ai nhanh hdn, ai c h u y i n d l nhanh hdn, Ipa chpn q u i n do phfl hpp thfli tle't, cham sfle edy, dgo chdi ngoai trfli; phat t r i l n nhan thQc qua hinh thUc:
Xem tranh ve trupt 16 dat d a , lu fl'ng, lu quet, ret dam, ret hgi; phdt trien ngdn ngQ qua hinh thfle: ke chuyen, dgc thd: "Ca nhd c h l n g bao" "Rdt v e " td tranh; phdt t r i l n tinh c a m , kT nang xa hfli: A n mac phii hgp vfli thfli t i l t ; khdng sg hai hodng logn, binh tTnh thpc hidn nhUng y e u d u , huflng dSn cCia ngufli ifln khi cfl thdm hog thien tai; khdng t y y ra khfli nha hogc ra khdi ndi sd t a n , biet tim ndi tru an an todn khi cfl mUa bdo, lu o n g , lu qudt phflng ID qudt, biet ggi ngufli Ifln khi gap nguy hiem.., thu gom rac fl truflng trong edy, ehdm sflc vat nudi, t i l t kiem nang lupng (dien, nuflc...), bdo ve nguon nUflc, cdy xanh. Phat t r i l n trien tham mT: Nghe, hat, mua, van dgng theo nhgc eac bai hdt lien quan d i n thfli t i l t , trai d i t , mdi truflng va bien doi khf h a u :
"Trdi nang, trfli mUa", "MUa rdi",
"Trdi d i t nay la cua ehung minh",
"Em y d u edy xanh". Trong qua trinh t l ChUc cac boat ddng giao dye nhdn thflc phflng tranh thien tai, giao sinh d n phdi ren ky nang vd sfl d y n g phudng phap thfch hpp, gdy hflng thu vd duy tri duge hflng thfl eho tre, tgo cd hfli d l trd dupc tieh cgc hogt ddng, trdi nghidm vfli thue t l tgi dja phUdng, gia dlnh, bdn lang, cgng d i n g ndi eae em dang s i n g . ChUdng trinh dao tgo gido p h i
thdng ( t i l u hpc, trung hpc cd, THPT), viec tfeh hpp k i l n thUe nhan biet cde hien tupng thidn tai va cde bidn phap phflng trdnh, gidm nhp qua hpc p h i n khoa hpc mfli trudng trong chUdng trtnh ddo tgo la phUdng phap giao due hieu q u d . Hinh thdnh eho giao sinh ndng luc va phUdng phap gido dye eho hpe sinh pho thflng hanh vi Ung x i i vdn minh, than thien vfli mdi truflng s i n g xung quanh, thdi quen sdng ngan nap, BVMT sdng, t i l t kiem nang lupng de gidm t h i l u tae ddng tieu eye tU cdc hidn tUdng thien tai.
PhUdng phap phat then ning luc giao dye phdng tranh thiin tai qua hoat ddng ngoai khda
Npi dung gido due y thflc phong trdnh thidn tal cho sinh vien sU phgm khu vpc Tay B l e thdng qua nhieu hogt dpng gido due bang hinh thflc ngoai khda da dang, trong dfl to chUc cde ChUdng trinh k i l u trd chdi trf tue se mang lgi hieu qud thiet thpc: Vf dy, cac khoa su pham to chUe eac buoi ngoai khfla nhU:
"Sinh vien cac dan tgc Tdy B i c vfli B i l n d l i khf hdu". Cac dpi thi trdi qua 3 phan thi: Phan 1:
Gifli thidu va chao hdi; Phan 2:
Tieu p h i m bien d l i khf hgu, P h i n 3: vflng thi hung bien vfli ten gpi:
'Thflng diep xanh" "Loi so'ng xanh vd tidu dung b i n vQng"... Trong ede phan thi, slnh vidn ndu bdt y tuflng va ngi dung Idm n l i bat Idn thye trgng nhgn thUe cfla sinh vidn, de x u l t nhQng phUdng dn tuyen t r u y l n ve b i l n d l i khf hdu va BVMT hidu qud tgi khu vpc Tay Bac.
Phuang phip phat triin ning Itfc giao dye phdng trinh thien tai qua ho^t ddng hgc tap, tham quan, trii nghiim
Hogt ddng nay, ndn dupe vdn dung trong cde dpt thyc tap
s u pham cua sinh vidn tai dja phUdng, cde dodn thue tdp xdy d y n g ke hoaeh trdi nghidm thyc te nham tim hieu va danh gia tae ddng efla cac hien tUpng thien tai ngay tgi dia bdn thpc tdp vao thfli gian phu hpp. Mye tidu giup sinh vidn sU phgm ngufli dan tpc t h i l u s l tai cac tinh Tdy B i c cfl nhdn thflc ve B D K H , thdng qua ede hidn tugng cy the dang dnh huflng true tiep tgi khu vpc Tdy Bac nhU: Mua khd kdo ddi gdy thieu nuflc, hgn hdn;
lu ong, lu quet sgt Id dd't dd cge bd; ede hidn tugng thfli t i l t cpc doan ret d a m , ret hai. T a n g cuflng nang Ipe eho sinh vien de hg ed k i l n thUe, ky nang vd hdnh dflng thiet thge tfl d d , dua ra mdt so gidi phdp tich hgp, dong bg nham giam nhe tde ddng b i t Ipi do thien tai gdy ra trong san xuat nflng lam nghiep ndi sdng vd ldm vide va doi fl cdc cgng d i n g dan tpc t h i l u s l vung Tdy Bac.
Nhu vgy, truflc thach thflc ciia thien tai dang didn b i l n phUc tgp va khfl du bao tgi khu vpc TSy B l e , thiet nghT cdc truflng, khoa ddo tao giao vidn trong khu vpc d n phdi di tidn phong vfli nhQng ke hogeh, nfli dung v d phUPng phap giao dye phu hpp vfli dac d i l m hpc sinh, sinh vien s u phgm ngufll dan toe thieu so, dong thdi cae cd sfl gido due va dao tgo giao vien khu vpc phdi xay dpng va hanh dgng cfl trach nhiem vfli xa hdi thong qua eac hogt dflng gido dye va ddo tgo cho edng d i n g cac ddn tfle thieu giup hg ndng cao nang Ipe thfeh Qng, gidm nhg, va tang euflng sUc chong chju cfla cd cflng ddng truflc thdch thUe tU thien tai vl mye tieu phdt t r i l n ben vQng vflng Tdy Bac.B
Tdi nguyfen v d Mdi trLFOng | Ky 1-ThingaflOW ^ J