70 1 DLlONG QU6C CUdNC THONGTIN-TLT Lieu
GIAO THOA VAN HOA TRONG DAY - HOC NGOAI NOV
Dat van de
Tren them thidn nien ky thd ba d Viet Nam cung nhud nhieu nUdc trdn the gidi, suquan tam den van h o i v i ddi thoai van h o i gida eae d i n tpc/ qudc gia khac nhau ngiy cang gia tang.Td dd dan tdi viec ra ddi mdt ehuyen nganh mdi mang tinh dde lap tdong ddi vdi cic nganh khoa hpc khie. Od ia chuyen nginh ngdn ngU - van hoa hpc (Culturolin- guisties). Cung vdi ehuyen nganh nay, tlnh hinh nghien cdu ngdn ngd hpc ngay cing trd nen da dang hon bao gid het. Tuy nhien, trong tidp can ngdn ngd t d gdc do van h o i ed khdng it nhdng dudng bidn gidi chUa rd rang. Bdi the, chung ta "bude phdi nhin Igi mdt cdch cd he thdng todn bd cde xu hudng nghiin cUu ngdn ngd c6 dung chgm den vdn hod nhu mgt "hiin tugng ludn" trong bdi cdnh chung cua ngdn ngd hgc hiin dgi"'.
Bai viet nay, ehung tdi dd cap ddn van de giao thoa van h o i trong dien dat ngdn ngd va van de quan he gida van hoa vdi vide giao
•TS. Truong Dai hoc Ngoai Ngfl, Dai hoc Da NSng.
' Nguyin Van C h i k (2000), "Ngon ngu hoc va ngon ngu giao van hoa", Ky y^u Hpi thao khoa hoc Qu6c gia '^Thdnh to van hod trong day vd hoc ngoai ngiF\
Tnrcmg Dai hpc Ngoai ngu - Dai hoc Qu6c gia Ha N9i,HaNQi,tr. 19.
DU'ONG QUQC CU'O'NG*
tidp sd dung ngdn ngd thdng qua he thcSng gia trj van hoa. Td do, ehung tdi dUa ra m6t so dd xuat lidn quan ddn giao thoa van hoa trong day - hpc ngoai ngd.
1. Mot sd khai niem
Dudi cic gdc dp nghien cdu khic nhau cd nhdng dinh nghta khie nhau ve van h6a.
Theo thdng kd cua eac n h i khoa hpe, tr^n the gidi cd khoing hon 400 djnh nghia ve v i n hda^ GS.Tran Ngpc Thdm cho ring'Yon hod Id he thong hdu cd nhUng gid tri vdt ch6t vd tinh thdn, do con ngudi sdng tgo ra vd tich luy qua qud trinh hogt dgng thuc tiin, trong su tuang tdc giUa con ngudi vdi mdi trUdng W nhiin vd xd hgi'\
Trong b i i bao nay ehung tdi sddung quan niem gia tn van hda cua GS.TS. Ngo disc Thinh: "Gid tn vdn hda Id su ddnh gid mang tinh cdng ddng ddi vdi nhdng hiin tugng, san pham vdn hoa do con ngudi tgo ra trong b6i cdnh xd hgi nhat dinh. NhUng gid tri dd dUdc coi Id tdt dep. Id cd ich, ddp Ung nhu cdu cua con ngudi trong mgi thdi dgi Mdt khi nhOng gid tri do hinh thdnh vd dugc djnh hinh thl n6
' http://www. bachkhoatrithuc. vn
' Trin Ngpc Them (1999), Ca so van hod Vi^t Nam, Nxb Giao dye. Ha Ngi, tr. 10.
Tap chi Khoa hpc xa hdi midn Trung, so 02 (34) - 2015 71 CO tde dung ehi phoi nhieng nhdn thUc, quan
niim, hdnh vl, tinh cdm cua eon ngUdi trong moi cdng ddng dy"'.
Giao thoa v i n hoa (cich gpi khac: giao van hoa) la su ap dat, i n h hudng eua he thdng thdi quen, each hinh xd thudc md hinh van hoa n i y ddi vdi mot he thdng thdi quen, cich hanh xd cua mdt md hinh van hoa khae, d nhdng ngddi tham gia giao tiep - nhdng thanh vidn ei!ia cic he thdng van hoi.
Do vay, da d i n den viec bdp meo hoic hieu sai md hinh van hoa ma minh chUa rd.Tddd xuat hidn nhdng ldi hanh xd sai lac trong mpt he thong van h o i nhat djnh. Hieu theo nghTa hep, giao thoa van h o i ludn bao gdm 2 dang: nhiJfng cieh hanh xd sai lae trong giao tidp phi ngdn ngd v i nhdng each hanh xdsai lac trong giao tiep bing ngdn ngd. d nhdng each hanh xd sai lac trong giao tidp bang ngdn ngd, ngudi ta thudng di cap den eae hien tupng giao thoa van hda do thdi quen i p dit, sd dung nhdng quy tae dien dat bang ngdn ngd(nhutrong Id! chao hdi, trong each md dau hoae ket thuc ciu chuyen, trong hd thdng cae eich sd dung t d xung h d . . . ) cua mpt ngdn ngd (tieng me dd) sang mdt ngdn ngd khie (ngoai ngd)^
2. Giao thoa van hoa trong dien dat ngon ngd v i giao thoa van hoa trong day - hoc ngoai nguT
2.7. Giao thoa vdn hoa trong diin dgt ngon ngU
Theo J. B. Grize thi cd 5 yeu td chinh yeu d i m b i o eho suvan hanh eua qua trinh giao tiep ngdn ngd: tinh ddi thoai, hoan cinh giao
tiep, q u i trinh t i i hidn, kien thdc v i n hoa dinh san, qua trinh tao ddng thUc tai khieh quan*. J. B. Grize cho rang q u i trinh giao tidp la qua trinh tuong t i e khdng ngdng gida hai ddi tae giao tiep. Od l i qua trinh nhdn thUeva nhdn thUclgivi ehinh mrnh va doi tic; vd npi dung va hinh thde dien dat trong giao tiep bang ngdn ngd. Dae biet trong qua trinh dd, cd su tuong t i c gida hai khdi v i n hda djnh sin khac nhau eCia hai ddi tie'.Dieu do l i g i i i cho vide tai sao khi chao ngudi Anh/My/Oc lai thudng chl sd dung eau hdi mang tinh chung chung lidn quan den cac van de sde khoe, edng vide, thdi tiet... nhu Hov\/areyou?
How are you goinglHow are things7\ror\q khi do, de chao nhau, ngudi Viet cdn vien tdi cic loai eiu hoi mang tinh eu the, ridng tU khie ed lien quan ddn van de an udng, di lai...Vi dy; Anh di ddu ddy?Bdc xai cam chUa g?Cu dang dgc bdo day g?... Cho nen,de tranh "sdc v i n hoi"va"ngUng tre giao tiep" cIJa nhOftig ddi tupng sd dung nhdng ngdn ngd khie nhau, thudc nhdng ndn van hda vdi nhdng he thdng gia tri van hda khie nhau, can phii ddpe giai quydt trong qua trinh day - hpe ngoai ngd.
2.2. Giao thoa vdn hod trong dgy - hgc ngogi ngU
Trong thuc td giao tiep bing ngoai ngd, chung tdi thay ed dp Idch v i n hda dang ke gida doi t i c xem nhu la ngddi b i n ngd vdi ddi t i c sd dung ngdn ngd giao tidp nhu la ngoai ngd. Trudng hpp nay, cae ddi t i c cung
•* Ngo Due Thjnh (2010), Nhiing gid trj vdn hoa truyin thong Vi4t Nam, Nxb Chinh trj Quoc gia. Ha NOi, tr. 715.
' Nguyen Van Chien (2004), Tien toi xdc lap von tic vipig vdn hod Vi4t, Nxb Khoa hpc xa hpi. Ha Npi, tr. 38.
* J. B. Grize (1975), Logic and Conversation in (eds. ) P. Cole & J. Morgan Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts New York, Academic Press, tr. 61-68.
' Din theoTnrong Hoang Le (2009), Giao tho'a van hod trong giao tiep ngon ngU, Thong b i o Khoa hpc, Trucmg Dai hpc Ngoai ngu - Dai hpc Khoa hpc HuS, HuS, tr. 87-94.
72 1
DUONG QU6C CUONG thda thuin de dat dupc sU chia se mdt khoikien thUc vdn hda chung dinh sdn toi thieu khdng phai la don giin. Khdi kien thde van hda ehung tdi thieu nay khdng chi la nhdng kien thdc, nhdng hieu bidt nhat djnh vd cic llnh viic khoa hpc t u nhien, khoa hpc xa hpi - nhan v i n , vd nhOftig t i p tuc, tap q u i n t u duy va sinh hoat... cCia cpng ddng thudc hai nen van hda khac nhau de b i o dam viec n h i n thdng tin v i xd ly thdng tin dupe thuan lpi, trinh nhdng hieu Idm, hay sdc van hda trong giao tidp.
Hpc ngoai ngd, ngudi hpe thudng ddi dien vdi eie hidn tupng lan ldn hay pha trdn gida each dien dat theo v i n hda giao tidp bing tieng me de vdi eich dien dat theo v i n hda giao tiep bing ngoai ngd dang hpc. Didu do dupe bat ngudn tU vide hp lay quy chuan t d eic quy udc hay qui djnh cua cae each dien dat bing tidng me dk de thay the hoin toan hay thay the mdt phan eie quy Ude hay quy djnh cua cae each dien dat cDa ngoai ngd dang hpc. Dd chinh la hiin tUgng giao thoa vdn hod (giao vdn hod) giao tiep ngdn ngd.
Nhdng nguyen t i c giao van h o i cd the dupe bieu hidn nhu sau:
- Muc tieu day hpc l i ren luyen eho ngudi hpe nang luc ngdn ngd, nang luc v i n hoa va ning lUe giao van hoi. Hpc ngoai ngd cCing la mpt trong nhdng cieh tiep can mdt ndn van h o i mdi; mpt trong nhdng each nhan biet mdi trudng thidn nhien va xa hdi khae, nhdng dng xd, quan niem v i nhin dinh khac vdi minh v i dan tpc minh. Nd hudng den sU thau hieu nen van h o i mdi, mdt ndn v i n hoa ludn d trong trang thai ddng, giao thoa va tuong t i c vdi c i nen van hoa khac^
' Ph^im Thj Anh Nga (2009), 'Tinh hen van hoa trong day va hpc ngoai ngu". Thong bao Khoa hoc, Tnrong Dai hpc Ngoai ngfl-Dai hpc Khoa hpc Hii£,HuS,tr. 118.
- Khdng ddng lai d cho hieu bidt, tinh giao van hda trong day - hpc ngoai ngd cdn the hidn d sUtrii nghiem giao van hoa. O do, van h o i nudc ngoai khdng phii la eii de ma bidt ma edn la "kd khae" khi dat trong mdi tupng t i c vdi ngudi hpc. Nd the hien qua ning lUc giao tidp, nang luc sd dung ngoai ngd dang hpc de giao tiep vdi ngUdi b i n ngdcung nhu cd cic hoat dpng phu hpp vdi quy t i e dng xif eua xa hpi va van hoa nUde ngoai va nhdng cim nhin, nhan dinh, phe p h i n . . . mang tinh chu kien eua ngUdi hpe doi vdi nhdng yeu to thudc van hoa nddc ngoai, trong m6i tuong quan vdi van h o i me dd.
- Nang lUe giao v i n hoa khdng ehi chi^
trpng moi quan he gida ngudi hpe vdi van hoa nudc ngoai, ma cdn chu trpng tdi m6i quan he gida ngUdi hpc vdi van hoa me dd.
Chinh trong tiep can vdi van h o i nddc ngoii, van hoa dfeh, mdi ngUdi hpe y thde rd ret hon ve van hoa me dd, van hoa goc eCia minh.
Trong qua trinh hpe ngoai ngd, nhdng hieu biet va t r i i nghidm vd v i n hoa nudc ngoii gdp phan cung co van h o i me dd ngdpe lai.
Hai ndn van hoa dd can dupe dat trong the tuong quan soi chidu lan nhau.
- Tinh giao van hoa cd the dUpc the hien trong mpi npi dung, mpi mdn hpe ngoai ngiJ.
NgUdi day can phii biet kdt hpp nang lUc giao tiep vdi y thdc, su the hien va t r i i nghiem vd giao v i n hoa cCia ngUdt hpc. Mdi ngdn ngiJf, mdi nen van hoa cd nhdng quy Udc, nhdng chuan mUc ridng; cd nhdng diem tUdng dong eung nhd ed nhdng diem khac so vdi ngdn ngd va van hoa khac nd. Vide tiep cin ngoai ngd trong day - hpc d mpi khia eanh, gdc dp can phii tuan thCi tinh khae bidt nay v i can p h i i khpi gpi cho ngudi hpc y thdc trong nhin thdc v i t r i i nghidm doi vdi ngo?i ngd dang hpe. Can dan xen nhdng khia canh
Tap chi Khoa hpc xa hpi midn Trung, so 02 (34) - 2015 73 giao van h o i v i o trong tdng giai doan, trong
tdng ndi dung chi tiet eCia ehuong trinh day- hpc ngoai ngd va trong tdng thao t i e len Idp eua ngUdi day.
3. Moi quan he giuTa van hoa va viec giaotiepsuTdung ngon ngui thong qua he thdng gia trj van hoa
3.7. Moi quan he giUa van hoa va ngdn ngiii
Giong nhunhdng sin pham van h o i khac, ngdn ngd la san pham cua con ngudi, ed dupe trong q u i trinh sdng, lao dpng. Ndi cho chinh xac, ngdn ngd la mdt hien tdpng van hoi, nam trong van hoa. Van hoa cd ngoai didn ldn hon ngdn ngd, nhUng lai cd npi ham hep hpn ngdn ngd. Moi quan he gida v i n hoi va ngdn ngd chtnh la mdi quan he bao nhau. Gida chung ed nhdng eho trung nhau v i khie nhau. Mdi quan hd ay dupe Idpe do hoa bing hai vdng trdn dddi diy:
Nhuvay, van hoa la pham tru da dien. Cie nhan to van hoa bao trum ldn ngdn ngd va eac su kidn ngdn ngd d tat c i eie binh didn v i cac cap dp dPn vj ng6n ngd. Nd cung bao trum len to chdc cau true npi ngdn ngd va d nhdng boat ddng sd dung ngdn ngd nhu mdt cdng cu giao tiep cua con ngddi - to ehde eau true ngoai ngdn ngd. Tuy nhidn, cung CO the thiy rang, khong phai tat e i eae khia eanh tren deu ed thd t i c ddng tdi q u i trinh giao tiep bang ngdn ngd. Cie y niem, nhat l i cie gia trj van hda, cd t i c dpng siu sic den dien mao cCia ngdn ngd vdi tU each l i phuong tien giao tiep.
3.2. Moi quan he gi&a van hoa va viec giao tiep sCf dung ngdn ngvt thong qua he thong gia tri van hoa
Ngdn ngd vda la mpt bd phan cua van hda va ddng thdi la su phin i n h eua chinh nen van hda dd. M. Clyne da nhin xdt mdt each xac dang ring: Ngdn ngUld suthehlin sdu sac nhdt mgt nen vdn hda, he thong gid trj bao gom cd nhUng gid tri thUa hudng tUcdng dong vd cd mgt vai trd to Idn tdc dgng den cdch thUcsUdung khong chJ ngon ngUthUnhdt md cd nhUng ngon ngUdugc tiep thu sau do'.
Khi ndi ring ngddi day va ngUdi hpc can phii ed y thde ve van hoa hay cac khac bidt vd van hda la ngudi ta mudn nhan manh vide pho bidn kidn thdc v i n hda hpn l i phd bien hd thdng gia trj van hda... Mac diJ kien thde v i n hda la mdt trong nhdng npi dung ehinh thudng dupe dua vao chuong trinh day tieng, song chinh cic gia trj v i n h o i mdi cd vai trd dan d i t hinh dpng giao tidp eua mdt ngdn ngd. Chang han nhu ngUdi Viet Nam thudng coi trpng tinh "hda hpp"vagiU"the didn"cua ngudi giao tiep. Cho ndn, hp thudng khdng thich tham gia vao eic ttnh huong phii giii quyet xung dot. Bdi le nhu vay la the hien su khdng tdn trpng ddi vdi ngudi cung tham gia giao tiep. Dieu nay da ddpe the hien qua mpt sd each dien dat dupc gpi la "'giin tidp".
Ket qua eie edng trinh nghien edu cCia cic n h i nghidn cdu nhm nhan gia tri van hda nhu la mpt npi dung y nghla "an" lam cP sd cho su hoat ddng cCia ngdn ngd va dong thdi, eac nghien edu do eung chi ra rang sU khie bidt ve hd thdng g i i trj van hda cd ' Dan theo Nguyen Hoa (2000), "Gia tn van hoa va giao tiep ngon ngir", Ky yeu hpi thao khoa hpc quoc gia "Thanh to van hoa trong day va hpc ngoai ngu", Truong Dai hpc Ngoai ngu - Dai hpc Quoc gia Ha N6i. Ha Npi, tr. 33-35.
74 I DUONG QU<5C CLiONG anh hudng ldn tdi qua trinh giao tiep bang
ngdn ngd: Wardhaugh (1986), Richards and Sukwiwat (1986), Luke Prodromou (1992), Valdes(1994) va Levine and Adelman (1982).
Do vay, khai nidm yeu td van hda trong giao tidp bang ngdn ngdva giing day ngdn ngd/
ngoai ngdean phii bao ham ndi dung g i i trj van hda.
Cdng trinh nghien edu ve Dung hge lien vdn hda cua GS. Nguyen Quang cung da lam rd thdm ve sU t i c dpng ci!ia eac g i i tri van hda trong qua trinh giao tiep. Theo Nguyen Quang, cic gia tri nhu true tiep - gidn tiep - lich su da i n h hudng den vide sddung hanh ddng ngdn ngd"khen va tiep nhan ldi khen trong giao tiep Viet - My". Chung ta cd the khing dinh, mdc dp khd, de trong hpe ngoai ngd hay ngdn ngdthdhai ty le thuin vdi mde dd khae biet gida ngdn ngU - van hoa dich va ngdn ngd - van h o i nguon. Cing cd nhieu khic bidt giao thoa van hoa va loai hinh ngdn ngd bao nhidu thi ngudi hpe lai cang phii dUPng dau vdi nhieu kho khan biy nhidu. J.
C. Richards da nhan xet thoa dang ring: "do/
vdi ngUdi sU dung ngogi ngd, bdt k^ mgt cudc hdl thogi vdi ngudi bdn ngd cua mgt ngdn ngd dich ndo deu Id hinh thUc duang ddu ve giao thoa vdn hod". Ta khdng the ndi tdi sU thanh cdng trong day hpe ngoai ngd neu khdng y thdc day du nhdng khac bidt giao thoa van hoa v i khdng dat tdi mdt mde dp nhat djnh trong qua trinh van hoa hoa'".
Trong q u i trinh day hpc ngoai ngd theo dudng hUdng giao tiep, qua tdng giai doan, nhin chung cic ydu to ngon ngd ngay cang '" Dan theo Nguyen Quang (2000), "Giao thoa van hoa va giang day ngo^i ngu", Ky ylu hpi thao khoa hpc quoc gia "Thanh to van hoa trong day va hpc ngoai ngii", Tnrcmg D^i hpc Ngoai ngu - Dai hpc Quoc gia Ha Npi, Ha Npi, tr. 173.
it ndi trpi va eae yeu td van hoa ngay cang dupc quan tam hon. Do viy, nghidn cdu va ning cao n h i n thdc cua ngUdi hpc ve nhdng khic bidt gida v i n hoa nguon va van hoa dich trong boat ddng giao tidp thdc sU l i can thidt. Tuy nhidn, didu can lUu )F d d i y la cac yeu td v i n h o i v i ngdn ngd hoan toan khdng ddi lap nhau ma cd quan he tUPng tic. Trong qua trinh day - hpc ngoai ngd, mde dp quan tam den cae yeu td sd chuyen ddi theo hudng Uu tidn nhdng kien thdc ngdn ngd sang iiu tidn nhdng kien thdc van hoa. Su quan tim trUdc tidn eua ngudi day l i tao dieu kien cho cude hanh trinh dpc theo qua trinh tiem tien van h o i va ngddi hpc nen tU quydt djnh cai dich eudi cung cho minh. Nhdng ngUdi tam edng t i c giing day ngoai ngd khdng nen tU ban che minh trong khudn khd han hep cua eic cau true ngdn ngd dd khang djnh viec phat trien cic ky nang giao tiep. Hidu qua eua vide day - hpc ngoai ngd khdng ehi l i vide ngudi hpe biet dat cae eiu dung ngd phap m&
ngUdi hpc con phai bidt ndi nhdng eau d6 v6i ai, d dau va the nao trong mdi trudng npi van hoa hay giao van hoa.
4. Mot so de xuat
Van dd dat ra la ehung ta can phii lam gi trude nhdng t i e ddng cua giao thoa van hoa, giao tiep ngdn ngd trong day - hpc ngoai ngd?
Cd the thay rang, trong viec day - hpc ngoai ngd, cae gia trj van hda thudng khong dupc xem trpng. Vi thd, muc dich cOa viec day he thdng g i i tri van hda eua ngdn ngiJ dich cho ngudi hpc khdng phii l i viec day cho hp p h i i chap nhan he thdng g i i tri van hda mdi ma tU bd he thdng gia tri v i n hoa cua minh. Dieu edt yeu eCia viec gilng day ngoai ngd la giup ngudi hpe hieu rang ho c||
Tap chl Khoa hpe xa hdi mien Trung, sd 02 (34) - 2015 75 the tiep xuc vdi mdt he thong gia tri van hda
khac vdi he thdng gia trj van hda cCia minh va hp can phii tdn trpng he thong gia trj van hoa mdi dd. Do viy, khi giao tidp bang ngdn ngd vdi t d each la mpt ngoai ngd hay ngdn ngd thd hai, ngudi hpe can phai "chuyen he"
de CO the thieh dng ddpe vdi hoan cinh mdi.
Tinh hudng day - hpe ngoai ngU cung la tinh huong gap gd, tiep xuc, giao tiep giao vin hoi vdi day dO cae die trUng eua giao tidp giao van hoa thUc su. d do ngudi hpc la
"cii tdi" tiep XLic vdi "kd khic" l i ngdn ngd, van hoi, v i n hpe...nude ngoai; ngUdi day d6ng vai trd trung gian, trp thCi v i to chdc c^c hoat dpng mang tinh giao van hda. Vi the, yeu td eon ngudi cd vai trd rat ldn trong vide day - hpe ngoai ngd:
Doi vdi ngudi hpc ngoai ngd - ddi tupng tiep nhin von van hda ngoai lai - ndn cd t i m thd ehu dpng, cd thai dd dung mdc ddi vdi van hoa nudc ngoii, trinh xu hudng than thanh hoi, ly tUdng hoa van h o i nudc ngoai va sung b i i van hda ngoai lai. Cung nhUvay, trong giao tidp vdi ngddi nude ngoai, can tinh td trinh nhdng didu cim ky trong van hoa dng xd vdi nhdng eiu hdi mang tinh ridng tu nhu hdi tudi phu nd, hdi mdc luong hay thu nhap ca nhin, hdi vd tinh trang gia dmh...
Ddi vdi ngudi day ngoai ngd - ddi tupng to chdc cac hoat dpng mang tinh giao v i n hoa - cin giup ngudi hpc tranh cang nhieu cing tdt vide mic phii nhdng hidn tupng tidu eUe g i y nen bdi giao thoa v i n hda giao tidp ngdn ngd trong giao tiep bang ngoai ngd. Vide trinh nhdng ldi nay se giup qua trinh giao tiep didn ra sudn se hon va tao thuin lpi cho cie ddi t i c de dang hieu nhau hon vl gida ngUdi hpc v i ngudi ddi thoai da tim dupc mdt khdi kien thdc van hda ehung djnh sSn tdi thieu dupe huy ddng va dupc
tham chieu de thUe hidn qua trinh tiep nhan, tdng hpp va xd li thdng tin can trao doi.
Bin sac van h o i cua moi ca nhan dupe hinh thanh qua qua trinh trai nghiem, tiep xue va tUPng tae eua ca nhan do vdi cae e i nhin khic trong xa hpi. Tiep xiie vdi ngoai ngdva v i n h o i nude ngoai, mdi ngudi hpc tiep nhan den mdc n i o la hpp ly? D i u la gidi ban cuoi cung chap nhan dupc cua nhdng anh hudng t d v i n h o i nddc ngoii? Lam sao de tranh can benh qua ua chupng van hda phupng Tiy m i eic nghien edu da tdng cinh bio... Dd la nhdng van de dupc nhidu ngudi de cap den. Bdi Id, ed khong it ngddi sau mdt thdi gian hpc ngoai ngd trong dng xd da td ra "tay hon ca t i y " "bio hoing hPn ca vua". Do vay, b i n linh tiep nhin van hda cua moi mdt ngudi hpe the hidn d chd: du tidp xuc vdi vdi nhidu ngudi d cac qudc gia khac nhau, thudc nhidu d i n tdc vdi nhidu ndn van hoa khie nhau...nhung hp van chu ddng gid dUOe ban sac van h o i cua minh va eua dan tpc minh. Mac diJ, cd the, hp cung ed i n h hudng it nhidu eua van hda nude ngoai trong nhan thdc, hieu biet va dng xd.
Kien thdc van hda cd y nghTa quan trpng trong giao tidp v i n hda eung nhU trong day - hpc tieng. No giup eho ngudi hpc hieu biet them ve nen van hda ciJa ngoai ngd dang dung de giao tidp. Nhung cic gia tri van hda mdi cd vai tro quyd't djnh trong vide djnh hinh each dien dat bang ngoai ngd dang sd dyng. De ed the giing - day ngoai ngd mpt cich thinh cdng, can phii dUa he thdng g i i trj van hda vao npi dung day - hpe ngoai ngd de ngUdi hpc hieu v i van dung ehung tuong thieh vdi ngdn ngd/ van hda t u duy cdng ddng sd dung ngoai ngd do. Bdi v i y can phai ed them nhidu edng trinh nghien cdu k h i nang dda yeu td gia trj van hda vao tai lieu day - hpe ngoai ngd cCing nhd cin p h i i
76 1 DL;ONGQU6CCliONG cd thdm nhieu cdng trinh nghien cdu vide ap
dung cic g i i tri van hda trong vide day - hpe ngoai ngdva giao tiep lien ngdn ngd.
Ket luan
Qua trinh giao tiep dUa trdn nen tang giao v i n hoa se la thanh edng neu nhiJfng ngudi tham gia vao q u i trinh nay fim ddpc nhdng net tUPng ddng, biet chap nhin nhdng khic bidt, biet vum qua nhdng ddi khang gida hai hoic nhieu nen v i n hoa khic nhau. Trong qua trinh dd khi "nhdng gia tn trung khdp"- tdc su giao v i n h o i dupc xic djnh, ky nang giao tiep cang dUpc cung ed va cing tao dieu kidn cho su t i n g cUdng cae gia trj van hda chung trong ky ning giao v i n hoi.
Nd lue van dung tlnh giao van hoa vao day hpc ngoai ngdean linh hoat, khdn khdo v i die bidt ddi hdi y thde thddng xuydn eua moi ngddi day ngoai ngd trong thao t i c ldn ldp cua minh, t d dd dan dat ngddi hpc tidn hinh quy trinh hpc dap dng dupe nhOmg yeu cau cOa tinh giao van hoa. 6 dd ngUdi hpc nhin thde, trii nghidm ngdn ngd/ van hoa nudc ngoai trong tuong quan vdi ngdn ngd/
van h o i me dd; dupc ngUdi day ho trp vdi tU eich la ngUdi trung gian, td ehde, sap xep eac hoat dpng mang tinh giao van hda. Tinh giao van h o i ed the hidn didn khap noi, mpi lue, g i n lien vdi phuong phap day eua thay va phuong phip hpc cQa trd. Can tranh nhijmg t h i i dp q u i khich trong tiep can van h o i , nhdng lech lac nhin thde va dng xd cd nguy CO l i m phuong hai den ban sac van hda eua chinh minh v i dan tdc minh.
TAIL1£U THAM KHAO
1. Nguyen Van Chien (2004), Tien tdi xdc lap vdn tU vung vdn hod Viet, Nxb Khoa hpc xa hdi. Ha Npi.
2. GrizeJ. B. (1975) Logic and Conversation in (eds.) P. Cole & J. Morgan Syntax and Se- mantics3: Speech Acts. New York, Academic Press.
3. Nguyen Vin Chien (2000), "Ngdn ngd hpe va ngdn ngd giao van hoa", Ky yeu hpi t h i o khoa hpc quoc gia 'Thanh td vdn hod trong dgy vd hgc ngogi ngd", TrUdng Oai hpc Ngoai ngd - Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha Ndi, Ha Npi.
4. Pham Vin Ddng (1994), Vdn hod vd doi mdi, Nxb Chinh trj Qudc gia. Ha Npi.
5. Truong Hoang Ld (2009), Giao thoa vdn hod trong giao tiep ngdn ngCl, Thdng bao Khoa hpc, TrUdng Dai hpc Ngoai ngd - Dai hpe Khoa hpc Hue, Hue.
6. Nguyen Hoa (2000), "Gii trj van h o i va giao tiep ngdn ngd", Y.^ yeu Hpi t h i o khoa hpc Qudc gia "Thdnh to vdn hod trong dgy vd hge ngogi ngU", Trddng Dai hpc Ngoai ngd - Dai hpc Qudc gia H i Npi, Ha Npi.
7. PhamThi Anh Nga (2009),"Tinh lien van hoa trong day va hpe ngoai ngd", Thdng bdo Khoa hgc, Trudng Dai hpc Ngoai ngd - Dai hoe Khoa hpe Hue, Hue.
8. Tran Ngpc Them (1999), Cd sd vdn hod VietNam, Nxb Giio due. H i Ndi.
9. Tran Qudc Vupng (Chu bien, 1999), Ca sdvdn hod VietNam, Nxb Giio due. H i Ndi.
10. Nguydn Quang (2000), "Giao thoa van h o i va giang day ngoai ngd", K^ yeu Hpi thao khoa hpc Quoc gia "Thdnh td vdn hod trong dgy vd hgc ngogi ngU", Trudng Dai hpc Ngoai ngd - Dai hpe Qudc gia Ha Npi, Ha Ndi.
11. Ngd Ddc Thjnh (2010), NhUng gid tri vdn hda truyen thdng Viet Nam, Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia, Ha Ndi.
