NGHieNClJULl'LUAN
Dao tao nang life day hoc cho sinh vien dai hpc sii pham theo tiep can nang luc thifc hien dap ufng yeu cau
ddi mdi giao due phd thong
Trmh Thuy Giang^, Mai Qudc Khanh^
' Email: trinlTihuygiang159@gmaiI,com ' Email: [email protected] TrUcing Oai lioc Si/ pham Ha Noi 136 Xuan Thiiy, Cau Giay, Ha Ngi, Viet Nam
TdWt TAT: Tren cd sd nghien cdu cic vin de If luan ve nang ldc, nang life d^y hgc va can cdxac dinh nang lUc day hoc cin hinh thinh cho sinh vien d?i hoc supham nhu cic nhiem vu day hoc cua giao vidn d trUdng pho iriong,^ chUOng trinh giio due pho thdng mdi, chuin nghe nghiep giio vien pho thong,JhUc trang ning lUc ddi ngu giao vien pho thong hidn nay trddc ydu^cau doi mdi giio due, nhdm tac gii xic dinh he thdng cic nang Idc day hoc can hinh thanh cho smh vien dai hgc supham. Moi nang lUc thanh phan li nhdng cdng viec, nhidm vu day hgc cu the mi sinh vien phii thUc hidn ddoc. coi dd nha chuan dau ra mi sinh vien phii dat dUdc
T Q KHOA: Nang iifc day hpc; dao tao nang life day hqc.
-> Nhan b^i 07/8/2019 •> Nhan ket qu^ phan bign va chinh si3a 15/9/2019 -^ Ouyet dang 25/10/2019.
1. Dat van de
Doi mai giao due pho thong (GDPT) da dat ra nhung yeu cau mcri trong dao tao giao vien (GV) a cac trucmg su pham (SP). Dieu do khien cho nang lire (NL) chuan dau ra a cac truong SP hien nay khong con phii hop. Do vay, viec nghien cuu de xae dinh nhijng chuan NL mai de dao tao GV la h^t sire ean thiet. NL day hoc la mot trong cac NL hh sue co ban va quan trong trong so cae NL nghe nghiep ciia GV pho thong. Voi yeu cau cua chucmg trinh GDPT hien nay thi he thong NL nay cijng can phai thay doi nham phat triSn NL HS.
Do do, cac truang SP hien nay phai xem xet den su thay doi he thong NL day hoe can hinh thanh va phat tnen cho sinh vien (SV), giiip SV sau khi tot nghiep thuc hien t6t chuang trinh GDPT moi va dap ung duge ehuan nghe nghiep GV trong cae ca sa GDPT. Voi boi eanh nhu vay, bai viet nghien ciJu va xae dinh cac NL day hoc can hinh thanh cho SV dai hoc su pham (DHSP) hien nay theo tiep can NL thuc hien.
Bdi bdo dugc ho trg boi di tdi "Nghiin eiru, xay dgng tieu chi ddnh gid ki ndng dgy hgc cua SV tru&ng DHSP dap irng Chuang trinh GDPT 2018" ma sd HDL6.4 do Tiin si Mai Qude Khdnh Idm chii nhiim.
2. Noi d u n g n g h i e n cuTu 2.1. Nang \\ic va nang \\ic thuc hien
Khai niem "NL" da dugc cae nha tam li hoe, giao due (GD) hgc, xa hpi hgc xem xet ni lau. Theo do, NL khong phai la mot thuoc tinh don nhSt ma la t6ng thg cua nhigu y k t6 CO lien he tac dgng qua lai vcri nhau nhu tn thiic, kT nang, ki xao, kinh nghiem, su sin sang hanh dgng va trach nhiem dao due, gnip eon nguoi thuc hien, sang tao, thanh cong va hieu qua mgt hoat dpng nao do.
Theo Weinert (2001): NL dugc thg hien nhu mpt he thong
kha nang, su thanh thao hoae nhijng kT nang thiet yeu, co the giiip eon ngucri dii dieu kien vuon tai mot mue dich cu the. Tac gia nguoi Mi McLagan hieu NL nhu la mpt tap hgp eae kien thiic, thai dp, va kT nang hoae each chien luge tu duy ma tap hgp nay la cot loi va quan trgng eho viec tao ra nhirng san pham dau ra quan trgng. Theo Rogies, NL la biet sii dung cac ngi dung va cac kT nang trong mpt tinh huong CO y nghla. Tac gia Bemd Meier va Nguyen Van Cuong cho rang: "NL la kha nang thuc hien eo hieu qua va CO trach nhiem cac hanh dgng, giai quyet eae nhiem vu, van de thuoc eae ITnh vtrc nghe nghiep, xa hgi hay ca nlian trong nhiing tinh huong khac nhau tren ea so hiSu biet, ki nang, kT xao va kinh nghiem cung nhu su sin sang hanh dgng" [1].
Tli viec phan tich tren, chung ta co thi higu: "NL la khd ndng ldm chii nhieng hi thdng kiin thiec, ki ndng, thai do vd van hdnh (kit ndi) chung mgt each hop ll vdo thuc Men thdnh cdng nhigm vu hogc gidi quyit hieu qud vdn di ddt ra cua cugc sdng" [2]. Mac du cac khai niem tren khong de cap den thuat ngu "NL thuc hien", nhung vfi co ban noi ham cua no da am chi su thuc hien mot cong viee nao do trong thuc tien.
Thujt nga "NL thae h,e„» 14 ftua, „ga duac dich ti, ,cng Anh (Con,pe,e„cy^y Competence) hoac'tiSng Dftc iHa„dlu„gskvmpe,e„z) dung trong cac tai Heu cua nhik tac gia trmh bay vc quan diem GD, dao tao theo tito can NL thtrc hieil. Theo nghia thong thuong, •coir.Z^'ZZ nhieu tit dicn Anh - Viet dich la NL, kha Zt"Z uMn ngay nay, thuat ngir nay dugc cac nha khoa ho • - ngi ham, khong dimg g kha nang ctia con nguoF " r '" "^
lam cho con nguoi co thk lam dugc cac cong v' ^ "^^' ^^''•
do" la "su thuc hien thanh cong cac cong viec '^-'^"^ "^s!,^
Nghien cira gan day ve NL thuc hien cho thav"!,?^*"*"'
TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
Trinh Thtiy Giang, Mai Quoc KhSnh
kiin Id kiin thiee, kd nang. thdi do cdn thiit, dugc ket hcrp nhuan nhuyen, khdng tdch rai de thuc hien dugc cdc nhiem W, cong viee cu thi eua mgt nghe theo chudn ddt ra, trong nhitng diiu kien nhdt dinh. Cae thanh t6 ciia NL thuc hien bao g6m: KlSn thiic, kT nang, thai dp, chuan danh gia va diiu kien dS thuc hien cong viec do [3]. Cau tnic chung Clia NL thuc hien duae mo ta la su ket hgp cua 4 NL thimh phln: NL chuyen mon, NL phuong phap, NL xa hgi, NL ca the[l]:
1/ NL chuyen mdn (Professional competency): La kha nang thue hien cae nhiem vu chuyen mon ciing nhu kha nang danh gia ket qua chuyen mon mgt each dpc lap, c6 phirong phap va chinh xae ve mat chuyen mon. No dugc tiSp nhan qua viec hge npi dung - chuyen mon va chii yeu gin voi kha nang nhan thiic va tam li van dpng.
2/ NL phuang phdp (Methodical competency): La kha nang d6i vdi nhiing hanh dgng c6 ke hoach, dinh huong muc dich trong viec giai quyet cac nhiem vu va van de. NL phuang phap bao gom NL phuong phap chung va phuong phap chuyen mon. Trung tara ciia phuong phap nhan thiic la nhirng kha nang tiep nhan, xu li, danh gia, truyen thu va trinh bay tri thiic. No dugc tiep nhan qua viec hgc phucmg phap luan - giai quyet van de.
3/ NL xd hdi (Social competency): La kha nang dat dugc rauc dich trong nhiing tinh huong giao tiep ling xii xa hgi ciing nhir trong nhiing nhiem vu khac nhau trong su phoi hgp chat che vai nhiing thanh vien khac. No dugc tiep nhan qua vifc hgc giao tiep.
4/ NL cd thi (Individual competency): La kha nang xae dinh, danh gia dugc nhung co hgi phat trien cung nhu nhung gioi han ciia ca nhan, phat trien nang khieu, xay dung va thuc hien ke hoach phat trien ca nhan, nhirng quan diem, chuan gia tri dao dire va dgng co chi phoi cac thai dp va hanh vi iing xii. No dugc tiep nhan qua viec hgc cam xiic - dao diic va lien quan den tu duy va hanh dgng tu chiu trach nhiem.
2.2. Nang liTc day hpc
NL day hgc la mpt thanh phan ciia NL SP va la NL quan trong nhat ciia mpt nha giao. Theo tiep can NL thue hien, NL day hgc ciia GV pho thong la co sa de xay dung chuan dau ra cua cac truang SP, la tieu chi de xay dung va danh gia cac NL day hgc trong dao tao, hoi du&ng nghiep vu SP.
Tuy nhien, hien nay eon nhieu quan niem khac nhau ve cau tnic, ngi dung NL day hgc ciia nha giao, dan den viec xay dung chuong trinh dao tao, boi duong nghiep vu SP con dan trai, nang v^ li thuydt, anh huang Ion den chat lugng dao tao dpi ngu GV. Theo tilp can NL thuc hien, NL day hpc Clia GV phai hucmg vao su thuc hien thanh cong, hieu qua cac nhiem vu, cong viec day hgc ciia hp.
Voi nhung phan tich tren, eo the hieu: NL dgy hgc Id su thuc hiin thdnh cdng mdt nhiim vu dgy hgc hodc gidi quyit hiiu qua nhieng vdn de ddt ra cua thuc tien day hgc, tren CO so van dung hgp li, linh hogt, mim deo. sdng tgo nhihig kien thue, kT ndng chuyen mdn vd chudn thdi do nghi nghidp tuong img.
2.3. Cd sol xae djnh nang life day hpc can hinh tfianh cho sinh vien sir pham
* Cac nhiSm vu cua dsiy hoc cua GV a trufrng ph^ thong
[4]:
Nhiem vu thu nhdt, la ttang bi cho hpc sinh (HS) nhirng tri thiie khoa hpc hien dai, nhung kT nang, kT xao tucmg iing ve mpt liiih vuc khoa hgc nh^t dinh (nhiing sir kien khoa hpc, nhijng tri thiic II thuyet, nhiing tri thirc thue hanh, nhiing tri thirc danh gia).Tri thuc trang hi cho HS bao g6m; Nhiing tri thiic ve tu nhien, vg xS hoi, vS tu duy, ve each thuc hanli dpng. Do phai la nhung tri thuc he th6ng, ca ban, hien dai, phan anh nhiing thanh tuu moi nhit cua cac ITnh vue: kinh te, van hoa, khoa hpc, nghe thuat.. .phu hgp voi xu the phat trien Clia thai dai.
He th6ng kT nang, kt xao ckn ren luyen eho HS bao g6m:
Nhom kT nang nhSn thiic (gSn voi tri thiic 6 timg mon hgc):
KT nang tim kiSm, khai thae thong tin (lam viec voi sach va tai lieu, nghe va ghi chep, truy cap, khai thae thong tin tren mang); KT nang xu H danh gia thong tin; KT nang ap dung kien thiic vao thuc tien; Nhom kT nang giao ti^p va quan he trong hpc tap: KT nang trinh bay ngon ngQ bang van ban va bang loi noi (trinh bay cac bao cao ve hpc tap, phat bieu truac nhieu nguai, thao luan trong nhom tap the, doi thoai, giai quyet bat dong); KT nang giao tiep bang cong nghe thong tin; Khai thae tai nguyen qua phan mem; Tham gia dien dan tren mang; Sii dung cac mau thu tir, van ban de trao doi thong tin; Nhom kT nang quan li hge tap: KT nang to chue moi truang hpc tap ca nhan (chuan bj phuong tien hpc tap, bao quan phuang tien hgc tap, sap xep dieu kien hpc tap); KI nang hoach dmh qua trinh va boat dpng hgc tap (lap ke hoach, quan li thai gian).
Nhiim vu thu 2, la phat trien NL hoat dgng tri tue, dac biet la NL tu duy sang tao cho HS. Trong do, cfin quan tam phat triSn cae thao tae tri tue, the hien d NL van dung thanh thao cac thao tac tri tue, dac biet la thao tac tu duy (phan tich, t6ng hpp, so sanh, tong hgp hoa, khai quat hoa...) vao lam bai tap, thuc hanh, the hien 6 phat trien cac pham chat cua hoat dpng tri tue (tinh dinh hucmg, hh rgng, chiiu sau cua hoat dgng tri tue, tinh Hnh boat va tinh mSm deo, tinh dpc lap, tinh nhkt quan, tinh khai quat) trong phat hien va giai quy^t nhirng van de ciia thuc tien cupc song.
Nhiem vu thir 3, hinh thanh cho HS co sa the gioi quan khoa hpe va cac gia tri dao dice va chuan muc xa hgi. Voi nhiem vu nay, GV giiip HS thSy dugc y nghTa va hieu qua eiia tn thiic dh ung dung vao cugc s6ng, hinh thanh cho hg he th6ng nhung quan dilm phii hgp voi chuSn mue xa hgi.
GD cho HS nhung phSm chit dao dire phii hop vai chudn muc dao diie, bao g6m cac ph^m chat xa hgi (thai dp tich cue Clia con nguoi d6i voi tu nhien, xa hpi, con nguoi), cac phSm chat ca nhan (nip song, thoi quen, cac ham mu6n lanh manh, tinh tu chii, tinh ki luat, tinh phe phan, tinh quyet doan...).
* Chirffng trinh GDPT moi [5]:
Chuong trinh GDPT dugc xay dung tren co so quan dilm cua Dang, Nha nuoc vl d6i moi can ban, toan dien GD va dao tao; K I thira va phat triln nhitng uu diem ciia cac
So 22 thang 10/2019 35
NGHIEN eu'U Li LUAN
chuong trinh GDPT da co cita Viet Nam, ddng thoi tilp thu thanh tuu nghien cim ve khoa hpc G D va kinh nghiem xay dyng chuong trinh theo mo hinh phat triln NL ciia nhiing nen GD tien tien tren the giai; Gan voi nhu cau phat triln ciia dat nuoc, nhimg tien bp ciia thai dai v l khoa hpc - cong nghe va xa hgi, Phii hop vai dac diem eon nguoi, van hoa Viet Nam, cae gia tri truyen thong eua dan tgc va nhung gia t n chung ciia nhan loai cung nhu cac sang kien va dinh h u a n g phat trien chung cua UNESCO v l GD; Tao c o hpi binh dang ve quyen dugc bao ve, eham soc, hgc tap va phat tnen, quyen d u g c lang nghe, ton trgng va dugc tham gia Clia HS; Dat nen tang cho mgt xa hgi nhan van, phat triln ben vu'ng va phon vinh.
C h u a n g trinh G D P T bao dam phat triln p h i m e h i t va NL nguoi hge thong qua ngi dung G D vdi nhiing kien thiie, kT nang c o ban, thiet thuc, hien dai; Hai hoa diic, tri, t h i , mT;
Chii trgng thuc hanh, van dung kien thiic, kl nang da hpc de giai quyet van de trong hpc tap va dai song; Tich hgp cao d cac 16p hpc duai, phan hoa dan d cac lop hpe tren; Thong qua cac p h u a n g phap, hinh thirc to chirc GD phat huy tinh ehii dgng va tiem nang ciia moi HS, cac p h u o n g phap danh gia phii hgp vdi muc tieu GD va p h u a n g phap G D de dat d u g e muc tieu do.
C h u a n g trinh G D P T bao dam ket noi chat che gitra cac ldp hgc, cdp hgc vdi nhau va lien thong vdi chuang trinh GD mkm non, chuang trinh GD n g h i nghiep va c h u a n g trinh GD DH. Chucmg trinh GDPT dugc xay dung theo hudng md, cu the la; 1/ C h u a n g trinh bao dam dinh h u d n g thong nhat va nhiing ngi dung GD cot loi, bat bugc doi vdi HS toan quoc, dong thdi trao quyen chii dgng va traeh nhiem cho dja phuong, nha trudng trong viec lua chgn, bo sung mpt so ngi dung GD va tnen khai ke hoach GD phii hgp vdi doi tugng GD va dieu kien ciia dia phuong, ciia nha trudng, gop phan bao dam k6t noi hoat dong cua nha trudng vdi gia dinh, chinh quyen va xa hgi; 2/ Chuang trinh chi quy dinh nhiing nguyen tae, dinh hudng ehung ve yen cau ckn dat v l pham chat va NL ciia HS, ngi dung G D , phuong phap G D va viec danh gia ket qua G D , khong quy dmh qua chi tilt d l tao d i l u kien cho tac gia saeh giao khoa va GV phat huy tinh chu dpng, sang tao trong thuc hien chuang trinh; 3/ C h u a n g trinh bao dam tinh I n dinh va kha nang phat triln trong qua trinh thuc hien cho phii hop vdi tiln bg khoa hpc - cong nghe va yeu cau cua thue te.
Chucmg trinh G D P T eu t h i hoa muc tieu GDPT, giup HS lam chu kiln thiic ph6 thong, bilt van dung hieu qua kien thue, kT nang da hpe vao ddi s i n g va tu hpc sudt ddi, cd dinh hudng lira chgn n g h i nghiep phii hgp, bilt xay dung va phat triln hai hoa cae mdi quan he xa hgi, cd ca tinh, nhan each va ddi sdng tam hdn phong phii, nhd do cd dugc cugc sdng cd y nghTa va ddng gdp tich cue vao sir phat triln ciia d§t nudc va nhan loai. Chuong trinh GD tilu hpc giiip HS hinh thanh va phat triln nhiing y l u td can ban dat n i n m d n g cho sir phat triln hai hoa v l t h i chat ya tinh thin, pham chat va NL; Dinh hudng chinh vao G D vg gia t n ban than, gia dinh, cgng ddng va nh&ng thdi quen, nen nep can thilt trong hgc
~ scr giup riS tap va smh boat. Chucmg nrinh GD trung hoc cu^ ^^ ^^^
theo cac chuan 3 phap hgc phat triln cac p h i m chit, N L da dugc hinh trien d cap tieu hpc, tu d i l u ehinh ban than t m u e ehung cua xa hgi, bilt van dung cac phu f tap tieh cue d l hoan chinh tri thde va ki nang nen ' nhung hilu biet ban d i u ve cac nganh ng"^ , fhdne hoc hudng nghiep d l d i p tuc hpc len tnjng hpc pho .', ' nghe hoae (ham gia vao eudc song lao dpng. ^ , GD trung hoc ph6 thong giup HS tiip tuc phat t n e n nhung p h i m chit, NL e t a thilt ddi vai nguoi lao tong, y thuc va nhan each cong dan, Idia nang tu hoc va y thuc hoc tap suot doi, Icha nang lua chon ugh6 ngh.cp phit hop yoi^NL va so thich, diSu kien va hoan canh cua ban than d e tiep tuc h,c len, hoc nghS hoae tham gia vao cuoc song lao dong, kha nang thich ung v « nhChig d6i thay trong bot canh toan cau hoa va each mang cdng nghiep mai.
* C h u d n n g h e n g h i e p G V phd t h d n g [6]:
Thong tu sd 20/2018/TT-BGDDT ngdy 22 thdng 8 nam 2018 cua Bd tru&ng Bo GD&DT dd quy dinh rd tgi Dilu 5 t v l tieu c h u i n phat triln chuyen mdn, nghiep vu vdi 05 tieu • chi nhu sau:
Tieu chi 1: Phdt triin chuyin mdn bdn thdn i - Miic dat: Dat e h u i n trinh do dao tao va hoan thanh diy
dli cac khda dao tao, bdi d u d n g kien thue chuyen mdn theo quy djnh; Cd ke hoach thudng xuyen hgc tap, boi duong phat trien chuyen mdn ban than.
- Mice kha: Chii ddng nghien cuu, cap nhat kip thdi y6u c i u ddi mdi ve kien t h u c chuyen mdn; Van dung sang tao, phii hop cac hinh thiic, phucmg phap va lua chpn ndi dung hgc tap, bdi dudng, nang eao N L chuyen m d n cua ban than.
- Muc tdt: H u d n g dan, hd trg ddng nghiep va chia se kinh nghiem ve phat triln chuyen mdn cua ban than nham dap img yeu c i u ddi mdi GD.
Tiiu chi 2: Xdy dung ke hogch dgy hgc vd GD theo hu&ng phdt trien phdm chdt, NL HS
- Miic dat: Xay dung dugc k l hoach day hpc va GD;
- Mirc kha: Chu ddng dilu chinh ke hoach day hgc va GD phu hgp vdi dieu kien thuc tl cua nha trudng va dia phuong;
- Miic tdt: H u a n g dan, hd trg ddng nghiep trong viec xay dung k l hoach day hgc va GD
Tieu chi 3: Sie dung phucmg phdp dgy hoc vd GD theo hu&ng phdt triin phdm chdt, NL HS
- M u c dat: Ap dnng dugc cac p h u a n g phap day hoc va GD phat tnen pham chat, NL cho HS'
- Muc kha: Chu dong cap nhat, van dung hnh hoat va hieu qua cac p h u a n g phap day hpc va C D dap ung yeu c k d6i moi, phu hgp voi dieu kien thue te;
- M i i c tdt: Hudng d i n , ho trg ddng nghien v ^ i , " .i.- i - . . . , , . . . , ^ ^ " ' v p v e kien thue kl nang va kmh nghiem van dyng nhirng phuang pha„ Hav hoc va GD theo hudng phat trien pham chit, NL HS
lieu chi 4: Kiim tra, ddnh gia theo hu&ng pha,\,
chdt,NLHS ' if lin phdm
- Miic dat: Sii dung cac phuong phap kilm tra V k i t qua hgc tap va su rien bd ciia HS, ^ ^
36 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
Bing 1: Khio si\ NL t l i ngu GV giang day 12 mon il truilng phd thong
Trjnh Thuy Giang, Mai Quoc Khinh
1 2 3 4 5
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H
Ve cd ban flap Clng diidc yeu can Oang c6 nhieu bat cap v§ chuyen men Oang CO chieu hddng tich ctlc NL day hgc c i a GV cdn ygu
Ccic phddng ptldp day hoc mdi chda dddc tnen khai
^^E^^^^H
81,8 31,8 59,1 13,8 4,6
18,2 40,9 40,9 51,9 54,5
^^^1
0,0 27,3 0,0 27,3 40,9^^^^^^^^^^^1
2,8 2,0 2,6 1,9 1,6
(Nguon: Bd GD&DT, (2015), Nhieng van de chung ve phdt triin chuang irinh dao tgo GV (Tdi lieu lap hudn cdn bo, gidng viin cdc ca s& ddo tgo GV phd thdng ve phdt triin chucmg trinh ddo tgo), tr.200).
- Miic kha: Chii ddng cap nhat, van dung sang tao cac hinh thiic, phuong phap, edng cu kiem tra danh gia theo hudng phat trien pham chat, NL HS;
- Miic tdt: Hudng dan, hd trg ddng nghiep kinh nghiem trien khai hieu qua viec kiem tra danh gia ket qua hpc tap va sir tien bp ciia HS.
Tliu chi 5:Tu vdn vd hd trg HS
- Miic dat: Hieu cac ddi tugng HS va nam vung quy dinh ve cong tac tu van va hd trg HS; thuc hien ldng ghep hoat dong tu van, hd trg HS trong hoat dgng day hpc va GD;
- Miic kha: Thuc hien hieu qua cac bien phap tu van va ho trg phii hgp vai timg ddi tupng HS trong hoat ddng day
hge va GD;
- Muc tdt: Hudng din, ho trg ddng nghiep kinh nghiem trien kliai hieu qua hoat ddng tu van va hd trg HS trong hoat ddng day hgc va GD.
* Thyc trang NL cua dgi ngu GV pho thong hien nay
tnrdc yeu can doi mdi GD [7]:Theo ket qua khao sat NL eua ddi ngu GV giang day 12 mdn d trudng phd thdng ciia Bd GD&DT, chiing ta thay nhu sau (xem Bang 1):
Ket qua d bang 1 cho thay, cd 31,8% cho rang GV dang cd nhieu bat cap ve chuyen mdn, 27,3% klidng thira nhan dieu nay va 40,9% y kien con phan vdn. Dieu nay cho thay
Bang 2: Cac NL DH cija GV theo yeu cau doi mdi
C a c N L D H c u a G V U i c o y e u c i u I d l m d i
1. NL phat tnen chuong trinh nha tri/clng. biSn soan va ph^t tnen t&l lieu giao khoa.
2.NL day hpc theo dinh hiidng phat trien NL HS 3. NL day hoc phan hoa.
4 NL day hoc tich hop, long ghep.
5. NL DH theo phi/dng thu'c hoat dong frai nghiem sang tao.
6 NLtd chile tif hoc, ti/ nghien cilu cho HS.
7.NL sif dung cong nghe thong tin (mSy h'nh, Internet, mang xa hdi...) trong dgy hpc.
8. NL doi mdi, sang tao, c^i tien chS IUdng DH.
9. NL giao Hep va kiem soS cam xuc trong DH.
10. NL thich iJng vdi cSc dieu kien DH khac nhau.
11. NL xay di/ng mdi tn/dng hoc tap (tao ddng mdl tnJdng hpc tap: dan chu, cdi md, than thien, hdp tac. thuan Idi, an toan...).
12. NL chuyen giao kinh nghiem DH cho dong nghiep, ph^t Iri^n nph^ cua td bp mon, cila tn/dng.
M t i : dp t a t Idpc % Da vDng chac 10,0
24,3 18,9 10,3 5,5
16,2 27,0
16,2 21,7 20,4 27,1
17,5
Co, nhifng chUa vOng chac 36,0
47,4 44,7 59,4 52,7 67,6 66,3
39,3 44,6 39,1 44,6
51,3
cnua c6 54,0
28,3 36,4 27,3 41,8 16,2 6,7
40,5 28,7 40,5 28,3
31,2
K M tanh gia 0,0
0,0 0,0 2,0 0,0 0,0 0,0
4,0 5,4 0,0 0,0
0,0
(Nguon: Kit qui khao sat thuc trang thing 7 natn 2016. De lai cip Tmang - MS: SPHN 16-01. r,en Nghiin dm SP. Tmang DHSP Ha Nm).
56 22 thing 10/2019 37
NGHIEN CCULfLUAN
^^'^jsu bat cap ve chuyen mdn cua G V la mdt van dk ckn giai quygt. v l NL day hpe ciia GV, cd 13,8% danh gia la con yeu, 2 7 , 3 % khdng ddng y dieu dd, nhung ti le phan van kha eao (51,9%). Dieu nay eho thay, m u c dp tin tudng vao NL day hpc eua GV chua d u g e khang dinh ro rang.
Ve viec trien khai thuc hien cac phuong phap day hpc (PPDH) mdi, tuy cd 40,9 % y kien khdng ddng y (tuc thira nhan cac PPDH mdi da dugc trien khai), nhung cd tdi 54,5%i y kien van cdn phan van. N h u vay, viec GV thuc hien cac PPDH mdi van cdn la van de chua dugc khang dinh ro rang. De danh gia cac N L day hgc theo yeu cau ddi mdi c h u a n g trinh GDPT, theo mgt nghien ciru g^n day, cho thay (xem Bang 2):
Nhin vao Bang 2, chung ta thay, tuy GV da ed nhung N L can thiet de dap iing vdi yeu cau ddi mdi GD phd thdng, nhung sd GV cd NL vung chac chi dat tren dudi 2 0 % . Nhirng N L da cd nhung chua vUng chac van chi6m ti le kha cao (tren dudi 60%). Ti le G V chua cd cac N L DH theo yeu cau ddi mdi cung cdn kha nhieu (nhat la cac N L ve phat trien chuong trinh (54%); N L D H theo p h u a n g thuc trai nghiem sang tao (41,8%^); N L ddi mdi, sang tao, eai tien ch4t lugng DH va N L thich u n g vdi cae dieu kien D H khac nhau cung cd tdi 4 0 , 5 % GV e h u a cd dugc).
VS cac N L D H tich hgp, ldng ghep, lien mdn ed tdi gan 60%) G V deu cho rang chua vimg chac. Qua cac dgt tap h u l n , bdi d u a n g GV do Bd G D & D T td chitc g^n day, bao chi trong nudc ciing da phan anh: "Hau h6t G V deu m a mang ve tich hgp, hen mdn va ed nhiJng GV den nay van chua hieu r5 tich hgp, lien mdn la gi.
N h u vay, vdi nhiing co sd tren, can nghien cuu va xem xet lai he thdng cac N L day hgc can dao tao hien nay d cae trudng SP, dac biet la d cac trudng DHSP theo tiep can N L thuc hien dk phat trien NL cho H S .
2.3. Cac nang liTc day hgc can dao tao cho sinh vien dai hpc sU pham hien nay theo tiep can nang life thifc hien (1) NL xdy dung ki hogch dgy hgc mdn hgc, tdi lieu dgy hgc ddp iengyiu cdu eua chuang trinh GDPT
- N L xae dinh muc tieu mdn hgc: Xae dinh muc tieu mdn hoc phu hgp vdi ehuan pham chat va NL HS.
- NL xae dinh cku true va ngi dung mdn hgc: Ngi dung va cku true mdn hgc phu hap vdi dac diSm ddi tugng day hgc dk dat chuan dau ra.
- N L xay d u n g dk e u o n g ehi tigt mdn hgc: Xay dung de euong chi tiet mdn hgc phii hgp vdi chuang trinh G D P T va dac d i l m H S , dac trung ciia mdn hgc.
- N L xay dung tai lieu tham khao, tai lieu hudng dan HS tu hge
(2) NL xdy dung ki hogch bdi hgc theo tiip can NL, phii hgp v&i dge diim HS vd moi tru&ng dgy hgc
- N L hieu ddi tugng day hgc va mdi trudng day hgc: Phan tich, danh gia va phan hda dugc HS va phan tich dugc dac diem mdi trudng day hpc.
- NL xae dinh muc tieu bai hpc: Xae dinh muc tieu ciia bai giang dat dugc cac muc tieu mdn hgc theo dinh hudng phat trign NL, phii hgp vdi ddi tugng HS va mdi trudng day hpe.
- N L phan tich ndi dung bai hgc: Xae djnh " ° ' ^^,"^^^^j ( ban ciia bai hpe sat muc tieu bai hgc va phan tie ^ • j cae gdc dd: Trigt hoc; Tam li hoe; GD hpc; Li luan _ y . • ^
• , • - 1,3 Inns ehep VOI
- N L tich hop ndi dung day hoc: Lien he, wng 5 F _ , - s , . , - • • - J „ tipn thuc hen mon, kien thuc cua nhieu mon hoc, van dung Kii^' „ •.- J.thigt kg chil dg day hgc n h i m dinh hudng Hb giai quyet nhiing van de eua thuc tien. , . u . i , ' .-
N L lira chgn p h u a n g phap, phuang tien, hinli thuc to chuc day hoc: Xae dinh phuang phaP: hinh thue to chuc day hoc, p h u a n g tien, kT thuat day hgc phu hgp voi bai hgc va dac digm H S , diSu kign day va hoc dg phat t n e n NL HS.
- NL thigt kg hoat ddng day va hoc: Thiet ke cac hoat ddng day va hoc phii hap vdi dac diem nhan thue eua HS va phuong phap, p h u a n g tien, hinh thiic td chuc day hpc.
- NL thigt kg bai tap danh gid kgt qua bai hgc: Xay dimg d u g e cae bai tap thuc hanh, thao luan dg ddnh gia kgt qua hoc tap ciia H S .
(3) NL thuc hiin ki hogch bdi hge theo tiip can NL va qudn li hdnh vi eua HS trong l&p hgc
- N L sii dung p h u a n g phap, p h u a n g tien, ki thuat day hgc: Su dung thuSn thuc cae p h u a n g phap va kT thuat day hgc hien dai tren ldp theo dinh h u d n g phat trien NL HS.
- N L sir dung cae hinh thiic td chtic day hgc: Su dung da dang cac hmh thiie td chiic day hge, dac biet la td chiic thanh thao, hieu qua hoat d d n g nhdm.
- NL cap nhat, m d rgng tri thiic, g i n tri thde li thuygt vdi thue tign cugc sdng va td chdc hoat ddng trai nghiem cho HS.
- N L kich thich tinh tich cue, ehu ddng sang tao, tu duy phe phan cua HS.
- N L thu thap va x u li cae thdng tin p h a n hdi trong day hgc, lam chu cam xuc va hanh dgng eiia ban than.
- N L giao tigp: Sir dung ngon ngu, phi ngdn ngu cd hieu qua, tao lap va duy tri su tuong tac giira GV va HS.
- N L quan sat va dieu chinh hanh vi khdng mong doi ciia HS trong ldp hpc.
- NL xir li cac tinh hudng SP trong qua trinh day hgc.
- N L su dung cdng nghe thdng tin trong day hgc: sir dung da dang va hieu qua cae phuong tien cdng nghe trong day hpc.
(4) NL ddnh gia kit qud hoc tdp theo dinh hudng phdt triin NLHS
- N L thiet kg cdng cu danh gia phii hgp vdi mdn hgc &k danh gia kgt qua hpc tap: Xay dung duoc tieu chi, thang danh gia; Xay dung he thdng cau hdi, bai tap ggn vdl thuc tien dg danh gia N L HS.
- NL su dung p h u a n g phap danh gid: Sir dung thanh thao cac phuong phap danh gia ket qua hgc tap cua HS
- NL kgt hgp danh gia cae hoat ddng hpc tap cua H S theo ehuan pham chat va NL.
- NL thuc hien danh gia qua trinh dg hfi trrv - .-^ ••
, . , '^" ^r?, eai tien viec day va hgc.
- N L hudng d i n giam sat HS tu danh gia.
(5) NL Id chiec hogt ddng tu hgc. tu nghiin ciru ch HS - Hudng dan, giam sat HS thuc hien cac nhiem ° va nghien cmi khoa hgc. " ^ ^ ' u hgc
38 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO OUC VIET NAM
Trinh Thuy Giang, Mai Qu6c KhSnh
- Hudng dan, giam sat HS thuc hien cac hoat ddng thue hanh, trai nghiem.
(6) NL tham vdn, tu vdn hge tap cho HS trong qud trinh dgy hgc
- Hd trg HS ve kien thuc, kT nang mdn hpc.
- Giup dd HS vugt qua cac khd khan trong hpe tap.
- Hd trg HS phuang phap hpc tap va hr danh gia k i t qua hgc tap oia ban than.
(7) NL thich ung vdi cac diiu kien dgy hgc khde nhau .- Thuc hien tdt cac nhiem vu day hgc trong mpi digu kien, phuang tien day hgc.
- Dap img duge cac ygu cau ve chyen mdn, nghiep vu vdi mpi ddi tugng HS va nha trudng.
(8) NL xdy dung moi trudng hgc tap cho HS: Tao dung moi trudng hpc tap dan chii, cdi md, than thien, hgp tac, thuan lgi, an toan,
(9) NL chuyin giao kinh nghiim dgy hgc cho ddng nghiip • Thiet kg dugc ndi dung va phuong thiic chuyen giao kinh nghiem day hgc cho ddng nghiep
(W) NL tu ddnh gid vd gidm sdt viec dgy hgc ciia bdn than
- Phan tich nhiing digm manh, nhiing han chg trong day hge eua ban than va ed minh ehiing kem theo.
- T u dieu chinh dugc nhung mat han c h l cua ban than trong day hge.
N h u vay, he thdng cac N L day hgc ngu tren vira cu thg hda nhung cdng viec SV phai lam dugc, vira cd thg coi la nhiing chi bao danh gia mtic dp dat dugc cac NL dd.
3. Ket luan
Dao tao NL day hpc theo tigp can NL thuc hign d cac trudng D H S P hign nay la hgt sue ckn thigt, theo dd, SV se dugc hinh thanh va phat tngn cac NL day hgc da duac cu the hda thanh cac cdng viec, nhiem vu cu thg ciia thuc tien d trudng phd thdng. Digu nay khdng nhtmg giiip SV thuc hien tdt cac nhiem vu day hgc cua minh sau khi tdt nghiep, ma cdn dap iing dugc ehuan nghe nghiep GV phd thdng theo yeu cau ddi mdi GD hien nay.
Tai li^u tham khao
[1] Bemd Meier- Nguyin Van Cudng, (2014), Li ludn dgy hoc hien dai, NXB Dai hoc Su pham. Ha Noi [2] Nguyin Cong Khanh - Dao Thi Oanh, (2015), Kiim tra
ddnh gid Irong gido due, NXB Dai hgc Su pham. Ha Ngi.
[3] Vii Xuan Hiing, (2016), Vi he thing nang luc day hoc cua nhd gido trong cdc ca sa gido due nghe nghiep theo tiep can ndng luc thuc hien. Tap chi Khoa hoc Day nghe, so 30.
[4] Phan Thi H6ng Vinh - Tr§n Thi Tuygt Oanh - Tir Diic Van - Vu Le Hoa - Nguyin Thi Tinh - Trinh Thuy Giang - Nguyen Thj Thanh H6ng, (2017), Gido trinh Gido due hgc, NXB Dai hgc Su pham. Ha Noi.
[5] Bg Giao due va Dao tao, (2018), Chuang trinh Giao due pho thong tong the.
[6] Bp Giao due va Dao tao, (2018), Thong tu s6 20/2018/
TT-BGDDT ve Chudn nghe nghiep gido vien trong cdc ca s&gido due pho thong.
[7] Pham Thj Kim Anh, (2016), Thuc trang nang luc doi ngu gido vien pho thong trung hoc tru&c yeu cdu doi m&i gido due pho thong, Ki yeu hgi thao quoc te ciia Tnrdng Dai hoc Su pham. Ha Ngi.
TRAINING TEACHING COMPETENCE FOR TEACHER STUDENTS OF EDUCATION UNIVERSITIES BASED ON COMPETENCE APPROACH TO MEET THE REQUIREMENTS OF GENERAL EDUCATION REFORMS
Trinli Thuy Giang^ Mar Quoc Khanh^
' Email, tnnhtliuygiangl59@gmail com ' Email, maiquockhanhdlisphn@gmail com Hanoi National University of Education 136 Xuan Thuy, Can Giay distnct, Hanoi, Vietnam
ABSTRACT: Based on the theoretical research on competence, teaching competence and the basis for determining such competencies that should be formed for teacher students of education universities as teachers' tasks In schools, the new general education curriculum, high school teachers' professional standards, the current status of high school teachers' competences meeting the demand of educational reforms, we have defined the system of teaching competences needed for teacher students.
Each component competency is a specific task and a teaching task that students must perform, considering them as the output standards to be achieved by the students.
KEYWORDS: Teaching competence; training teaching competence.
So 22 thang 10/2019 39
