Tu lieu tham khao Sd 41 ndm 2012
GIONG CUU DO! DAN LANG MOI NOI - BAI CA LAO DQNG HUNG TRANG
NGUYEN TI^N DONG
TOM TAT
"Gidng ciru doi ddn ldng mgi noi" (Ciiong gum kon lo ring po ngoi hrah) la mot irong sd cdc tdc phdm thudc hg su thi lien hoan vi Ddm Gidng ciia ngudi Bahnar tren dia bdn linh Kon Ttim. Su Ihi ki vi Gidng ciru doi ddn ldng trong mgt nan ddi khung khiip va day ho each sdn .xual ra nhiiu liia, gao. Gidng ximg ddng Id ngirdi anh hiing vdn hoa trong viec -xdv dung cudc .sdng no dm ciia ngudi Bahnar thiri co xua
Tir khda: six Ihi. Dam Giong. Bahnar.
AIJ.STRACT
"(;iong helps villagers out of famine evenwherc" is magnificent song of labor
"Giong helps villagers out of famine erywhere" (Giong giJm kon to ring pa ngoi hrah) is one of the epic works of a complete uninterrupted epic of The Bahnar in Kon Turn province. The epic tells Hero Dam Giong who helps villagers out of a terrible famine and teaches them how to produce more rice Giong deserves a cultural hero in building a pro.sperous life of the ancient Bahnar
Keywords: epic, Dam Giong, Bahnar.
\. Dat van de
Khi danh gia ve trang thai chung
• cLia the gidi sii thi, nha mi hpe Hegel cho rang: ^'Tinh hudng phii hgp nhdt vai tha sir thi Id cdc xung dot ciia trgng thai chiin tranh. Thuc vdy, trong chiin tranh, chinh toan bg ddn tgc dang van dgng. No bi kich thich phdi hdnh dgng boi vi no phdi bdo vi toan bg minh'^ va tinh thin dung cam dong vai tro chinh trong \'6 s6 hanh ddng, bien c6 [1, tr.594-595]. Di^u nay dung vdi cac sir thi Hi Lap, An Dp va mot s6 sir thi Tay Nguyen khac. D6i \di su thi Gidng cuu ddi ddn ldng mgi noi (GCDDLMN) tbi khong ban \ay. Thdng qua cau chuyen nan ddi, sir ihi GCDDLMN da tai hien cupe song gian nan, vat va eiia ngudi Tay Nguyen xua
'NCS, Trudrg Dai hpc Khoa hpc, Dai hpc Hue
chdng chpi \ di thien nhien khac nghiet de tim mieng an \a ton tai. Trudc canh dan lang chet hang loat \ i nan ddi do ban han mat miia. ngudi anh hiing Dam Gi6ng tai gidi, sieng nang da di tien phong khai hoang dat dai. Irdng nhieu thdcTiia, nuoi nhieu gia siic, gia cam de ciiu doi dan lang trong con nguy khdn. Hon the, chang edn sap xep ke hoach, hudng dan,
\an dpng mpi ngudi eiing nhau lam nuong ray. hgp sire chdng thu rimg de bao \e miia mang. Ket qua la dan lang da\ liii dupe nan ddi, cd nhieu thoe lua, ddi sdng dupe hdi phuc. Chien eong ciia ngudi anh biing Dam Gidng d day khong phai la ki tich tren chien trudng de bao ve budn lang bay ehien thang ke thii hung ac ma d ITnh vuc ddi sdng bang ngay: eai an.
Dam Gidng da cixu sdng dan lang bang thanh qua lao dpng chan chinh ciia minh,
Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Nguyen Tiin Dung
do la thoc gao, thuc pham tir siic vat ehan nu6i hoae san bat dup-c. Chang toa sang giixa dan lang bdi sir sieng nang, can cii, thao vat va tinh yeu thuong ngudi ngheo kh6 chii khdng phai bang tinh than chiSn dau. Sir thi GCDDLMN thi hien vdi mdt npi dung mdi. [6]
2. Noi dung
GCDDLMN la sir thi ciia dan tpc Bahnar d Kon Tum (do Vo Quang Trpng suu tam, nghe nhan A Luu hat ke, Y Kiuch dich sang ti^ng Viet va dupe xuat ban nam 2006). Gidng la nhan vat quen thupe trong chuoi sir thi lien hoan \h ngudi anh hiing Dam Gidng ciia dan tpc Bahnar. Trong mdi tac pham, Giong xuit hien vol nhieu vai trd va chien edng khac nhau nhu diet ac quy, danh giac, lam ray... Moi vai iro, mdi nhiem vu, Gidng deu hoan thanh xuat sac va Gidng trd thanh ngudi anh hiing li tudng trong tam thirc ngudi dan Bahnar va Tay Nguyen.
GCDDLMN tai hien mdt hire tranh sinh dpng nhieu mau sac ve cupe sdng sinh boat, lao dpng ciia ngudi Tay Nguyen thdi xua.
2.1, Giong ciru doi ddn ldng mgi noi — Buc tranh hien thuc u dm
Md dau sir thi la su kien ve nan ddi hoanh hanh khap noi: '"Cdc ldng diu ddi cd, phdi ddo khoai rimg md dn" [6, tr.325]. Trdi khdng mua nen mang ciing khong CO de an cho dd ddi. Co noi chang con gi de an: "DAM ldng ddi to, khdng con cdnh vui ve, tdp ngp nhu xua, khdng cdn tiing chdy gid lua budi sam nita. Chi co vai nhd cd an" [6, tr.338]. Ci ha nguon
"co nguai da di ldng xa di xin dn" [6, tr.378], cd nha an ca thdc gidng [6,
tr.491]. Ngudi Viet, ngudi Lao eung doi:
"Khdp nai ddu ddu ciing keu ddi Tir rimg md den ddng bdng chdng cd noi ndo khong co vit ddo bdi khoai sdn" [6, tr.340]. Ci nhiing lang khae eo ngudi eung mudn di iam nhung doi nen nhac ehan khong n6i. Co le yang mu6n thu thach. Yang cho doi de biet phong xa.
Yang thuong thi cho mua nhilu, yang khdng thuong thi cho han ban. 6 cu6i ngudn va eae vimg lan can noi cd nan doi, vi yang lam ddng khd ban nen lua khong len.
Nan ddi xay ra khong ehi do yang ma con do con ngudi: thoi ludi bieng, sieng an nhac lam, khdng biet du trd phong xa, chua biet each lam an... Sir tbi mieu ta bpn Jrai, Lao, Pu Fung xii cudi nguon kh6ng lo lam an, chi lo uong rupu ngay dem, an cap vat, khoe khoang, gay g6 vdi mpi ngudi nen iam eho dan lang da ddi lai cang them kh6.
Bire tranh trong sir thi eung la biic tranh chung ciia ngudi dan Bahnar nhiSu ddi nay: nan doi trien mien tir ddi ong ba den cha me roi den con ehau. Ngudi dan Bahnar ndi rieng, Tay Nguyen noi chung thao iam ray, gioi giang san ban, biet dan lat, det, ren... song hp hoan toan phu thudc vao thdi tiet. Trdi khong mua coi nhu mat miia; do vay, hp khuat phuc trudc sue manh sieu nhien cua thien nhien. Yang la bieu hien ciia siic manh sieu nhien dd.
Trong hoan canh ay hp mo udc co mdt xii sd mua thuan gid boa, thoc gao nhi6u kg khdng het, con ngudi d do sieng nang va nhat la eo mot ngudi cbii lang bi6t thuong yeu ngudi dan ngheo khd,
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TLK lieu tham khao Sd 41 ndm 2012
h\k hudng dan hp lam an no dii. Hp mo udc ed mdt xir nhu xu Ihugng nguon, ngudi ngudi no dii. thdc gao. trau bd an dL' khdng hat, cd Bok Set, ngudi ehii lang biet nhin xa trong rpng. cd anh em Gidng, Gio" gidi giang. sieng nang...
2.2. Giong ciiu doi diin ldng mgi ndi - Bdi ca lao dpng hiing trang
GCDDLMN mo ta khong khi lao dpng s6i noi, hiing trang. Trong luc mpi noi nan doi dang hoanh hanh, chi cd xu dau nguon, xii ciia Bok Set lam chii lang van no dii. Vi Bok Set la ngudi biel nhin xa Irdng rpng, lai sieng nang va biet each lam an, biet du trtr liia gao phdng khi ban han, mat miia. Ciiu doi la viec cap bach trudc mat. Dau tien Giong xin cha, Bok Set, md kho liia gao du tru cap eho dan lang bi doi mpi noi. Dan d xir dau ngudn eung nhu cac vung lan can, ke ca viing eu6i ngu6n (xii thudng xuyen gay ban vdi dau ngu6n) deu dupe cap lua, gao.
tham chi con co ca rupu, thit. Bok Set \a Giong eho gao liia tat ca mpi ngudi ddi khat nhung nhirng ngudi ludi bieng rbi cap vua dii an, Bok Set mudn ke do phai sieng nang lam lung. kh6ng \ lai. Gi6ng khuyen bpn ludi bieng phai di lam [6.
lr.343]. Sau do, Gi6ng bat tay nga\ vao viec ban each lam ray de lo cai an lau dai.
Giong ke chuyen mpi noi doi khat cho dan lang nghe va chi dao mpi ngudi each iam an. Trude mat ta phat rimg lam ra\
de kiem lua gao ciru doi. Hp da phat dupfc bay qua doi. Giong ndi: "Rdy nay cluing ta phdi ldm ki de dugc nhiiu liia. Niu dugc mua chiing ta cd gao cuu giup anh em'' [6, tr.338]. Trong khi lam, Gidng
Gidng cho hp udng rupfu de giai nhpc.
Nhd vay mpi ngudi hang bai iam viec, dai dai hp chuan bi tdt.
Nhd bi^t each chi dao, td chirc va dpng vien mpi ngudi, rly ciia Gidng rat dep. "Mdy ddy mii Gidng chgn ldm rdy that dep mdt, hai ben sudn suoi chdy roc rdch tha mgng. Cd to cd nho boi loi tung tdng...'' [6. lr.344]. "Do ddt dai mau md, rely Ilia cua Gidng rdt tuoi tdt. Mgi nguai ddn rdng lua a dd tdt den ndi nguai dm yeu ndm len cung khdng ngd. Gidng nd mat nd' mdy vi yang da trd cong cho chdng ximg ddng. Liia cd gie ddi, cdt chua din mdt sdi da ddy gid. Bdy ddy nui to vdy tiiot khdng biet duac mdy trdm giii?" [6. tr.352]. Khung canh lao dpng dupe mo ta trong GCDDLMN that sinh ddng va chan thue. No phan anh dupe khong khi lao dpng ciia \ a bdi Bahnar thdi xua cung nhu udc mo dupe miia, eudc sdng no dii, sung tiic ciia hp. Khl chd liia chin. Gidng di dat bay de kiem thit ihii rimg iam thirc an: "Gidng chi cho cha thdy thit thii md minh bdy dugc dd phai khd day Hit cd gdc bip" [6, tr.353].
Cai liia xong. Gi6ng dan dan lang phai de chimg bpn ganh ti lan e6ng budn lang.
Cdng \ iec cua Gidng va dan lang la bue tranh hien thuc sinh ddng ve qua trinh lao dpng san xuat cua ngudi dan ra\ Nguyen thdi xa xua. Viec lam ra liia gao nudi song dan lang het siic khd khan, gian kho nhu viee chien dau de bao ve ciia cai, budn lang. Vi vay viec Giong dem den su no dii cho dan lang dupe xem nhu mdt ki tich tuong tu cac ki tich chien dau chdng ke thii, bao ve xir sd, buon
Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Nguyen Tien DUng
boat ddng kinh te, chu yeu la ndng nghiep: Irdng trpi, chan nuoi, san ban, lam ruong nude. Nhung canh lam ray, thu hoach miia mang phan anh ro net hinh thiic sd hiru dat dai, phan ehia san pham lao dpng. phan cdng lao dpng ciia ngudi Bahnar thdi xua.
Buc tranh lao ddng sdi n6i. lua thoc tran tre, dan lang no am, hanh phiic la mo uac ciia ngudi dan Bahnar bao ddi nay.
Hp mong muon \a\ dung mpt bd tpc Bahnar giau eo ve luong thue, nhieu nd le, lien minh dupe cae bp lac lan can de trd thanh cpng ddng hiing manh d Tdy Nguyen. Chi tiet Glaih Phang, anh em Kroi Yang, Giang Kong... den hpc each lam an ciia Giong. lien ket ung hp Giong;
anh em Gi6ng, Gia, Xem Dum, Xem Treng lay cac cd gai Xe Dak, Rang Hu, Hu Yang. Ang Plenb d viing ha ngudn the hien dieu nay.
2.3. Giong - Ngudi anh hiing trong lao dong, san xuat
Thudng thay Irong cae sir thi Tay Nguyen, ngudi anh hiing sinh ra de lam ba viec chinh: ldm lung, Idy vg vd ddnh giac. Trong sii thi GCDDLMN, Gidng thuc hien c6ng viec ldm lung la cbii yeu.
Dieu nay ciing dupe Bok Set, cbii lang, cha ciia Giong, tuyen bd vdi dan lang nhu mpt le song: ''Con ngudi sinh ra tren dai Id phdi ldm lung" [6, lr.385]. Gidng dupic mieu ta la mdt anh hiing trong lao dpng.
Giong gi6i giang, sieng nang, tot bung, dau 6c sang lang, thao vat, biet lam mpi viec: lam ray gi6i, ren due cac vat dung ca nhan rit dep, 16 cbiic eho dan lang iam an CO hieu qua va dupe yang phii hd.
Trude hoan canh ngudi dan khap noi ddi khat, suy nghT dau tien ciia Giong la: "Afinh phdi ciru giup hg thoi" [6, tr.329]. Giong dan co ciia chang: "Cd hay nhdn vai nhirng nguai ngheo khd nhdt, niu hg ddi khdt qud thi den cho cha chdu Idy liia vi an." [6, tr.329]. Noi la iam, Gi6ng xin cha md kho lua cim ddi cho dan lang mpi noi. Dupe lin Bok Set va Giong cho gao, dan ngheo doi khap noi do ve. Hp CO the ddi chac n6i nieu, chieng che de lay liia gao hoae xin Bok Set eiiu doi; nhung Bok Set khdng doi ehae eho ai ea, dng bao Giong eho mpi ngudi an u6ng no say va cho liia gao mang ve.
Anh em Giong rat sieng nang. Hp lu6n hang hai di dau trong viee phat ray, tria Ilia, lam c6, lam bay thii, giii ray...
Ai cung noi: ""'Nhd Bok Set ai ciing ham ldm. Giau nhu vdy md khdng liic ndo hg nghi tayr [6, tr.352]. Ddn miia gal hai, anh em Giong, Gio" va Irai lang khong vh nha ma d luon tren ray de Irdng coi, bao ve nhiing thanh qua lam dupe. Bdi vay '''ddm rdy ciia Gidng a bdy ddy niu thdt tot, nhiiu hat liia, gii ddi, hat to. Di khien, de dao len tren, ngon liia cung khdng ngd rap. Hg tudt cd vdi bin lua md ddy cdo. Liia ggo thu ve vd ki...' [6, tr.346].
Gidng t6t bung, sieng nang, gioi giang nen lieng tam Giong vang dpi khap noi, mpi ngudi tim din de xin thoe gao va hpe each lam an. Giong la hinh anh mau muc vl ngudi anh hiing trong tam thue ciia dan lang: dep long \ly, co sire khde phi thudng, luon tien phong trong moi edng viee, giii vai tro thu ITnh dan
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Tif lieu tham khao S6 41 nam 2012
dai dan lang iam an, to chiic cupc song no du cho dan lang: Giong tinh todn, to chirc moi viec, tir vi$c chgn dit lam rSy, lam kho phong hoa ho?n, bao ve buon lang \ a thanh qua lao d(jng, Iriing trj bpn xau...
Vifc Giong ciru doi cho dan ldng dupe nhieu ngucii ung hp nhung khong phai khong co ke ghen ghdt, tim c^ch quay pha. Bpn nat rupu, sieng an nhac lam a xir cuoi nguon nhu Jrai, Lao, Pu"
I'ung. Dung Nuih, JrSng Kiak, Jrung Mang... tim mpi each de can trof eong viec Giong. Bpn chung Id mpt lu vo lai, thich gay go. gia an xin, do la xu so cua Bok Set de pha hoai ma thoi. Giong phai trung tri chiing. Cac xii lan can tim den ket than, ien tieng ling hp Giong neu Giong bj ke xau quay roi hoSe co ke thii tan cong. Dieu nay chiing to cupc chien dau de dem cai an cho dan lang het siic kho khan va gian kho, nguai anh himg phai dau tranh, chien dJu chong lai nhieu the luc thii dich. Hien thuc trong sir thi GCDDI MN da phan anh bfii canh lich sir ciia cac bp tpc o Tay Ngusen dang trong xu the lien minh cac bp tpc thanh mpt bp tpc hiing manh. 6 do, hp can mpt ngucri thii ITnh biet nhin xa trong rpng, thong minh, thao vat de lanh dao, tap hpp cac bp tpc nho le, roi rac thanh bp lac hiing manh nhat.
Nhiem vu chinh ciia ngucri anh hiing trong sit thi nay la lao dpng \a Giong da hoan thanh xuat sic nhiem vu do. Giong la ngucri lao dpng gioi giang.
mau muc. Giong khong chi cim doi dan lang ma con dem den cho dan lang su no am, sung tuc, xay dung bp tpc thanh mot
cpng dong giau c6 vat chat, manh ve quan su. Tuong lai Giong s5 la nguoi chii ldng, thay the cho cha chang. Chang la thu linh trong lao dpng. san xuat va cung ximg dang Id anh hiing van hoa ciia nguai Bahnar.
So vcti cac sir thi Tay Nguyen khac nhu Dam San. Xinh Nha, Dam Noi... va cac sir thi khac trong chuoi sir thi lien hodn vc nguoi anh hiing Dam Giong nhu
"'Giong, Gio' mo coi tic nho". ''Giong leo mia than"... thi nhan vat Giong trong GCDDLMN khong dugc mieu la trong mau sic than ki. huySn thoai. Neu nhu trong sir thi "Giong, Gia' mo coi tic nho, Giong dupe \ a la ndng Rang Nak lam phep mau giiip 6a Giong danh thang ke thii Glaih Phang. giiip cim song cha me, dupe than linh giup da khi gap kho khan, hoan nan vd trong "Giong leo mia thdn'\
Giong ciing dupe \ p la ndng Palao Chuah Preng giiip: diing thuoc than ldm cho dan lang hoi sinh... thi a GCDDLMN nguoi anh hiing Dam Giong dupe mieu ta nhu nhirng nguai binh thuong. Chang khong CO chut phep mdu ndo va cung khong dupe than linh hoae nguoi co phep thuat giup da. Sire manh ciia chdng khong phai la sire manh cua than thanh.
Chang khong eo than linh phii trp de doi niii ngan song. Ki tich cua ehdng phat xuat tir tinh thuong ngucri dan doi khat, bang sire khoe \ on co ciia ngucri tran the, bang sir thao vat, sieng nang vd y chi ciia minh de to chirc ldm an, mang lai nhieu liia gao, xay dung cupc song no im, hanh phiic cho dan ldng. Giong hoan toan la nguoi tran the, nhiing moi lien he eiia Giong vai than linh rat mcr nhat. Khong
Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Nguyen Tien DUng
giong nhu ngudi anh biing nii'a than linh nua Iran tue nhu sir tbi Mahabharata.
Giong khdng phu thupc vao than linh va hoan eanh. Giong hanh ddng theo trai lim va y chi ciia rieng minh. Caeh xay dung nhan vat nhu the lam cho binh anh ngudi anh hiing gan vdi ddi ihudng hon \a su thi cung ehan thue hon. Dieu nay khac vdi nhan dinh ciia mpt sd nha nghien ciiu: Han che cua the gidi quan ban dia (indigeneus wordview - lir diing ciia Ngd Dire Thinh) cua ddng bao Ta\ Nguyen la chiu sir chi phoi sau sac cua van vat hiiu linh, dan den tu duy ciia hp la tu duy hien thuc huyen ao: vi the hp phuc tiing hoan loan doi vdi hoan canh ben ngoai [3.
lr.3]. Day cung la diem khac biet eua sir thi vdi cac su thi khac trong chu6i sir thi lien hoan ve Dam Gidng.
2.4. Giong cuu doi dan lang moi noi - Tam guong phdn chieu trung thuc d&i song, sinh hogt cda ngu&i Bahnar co xua
Ngoai nhiing ndi dung da neu tren, sir thi GCDDLMN con phan anh ro net ddi song, sinh boat, td chiie xa hpi eiia ngudi Bahnar co xua. Nhting canh ben ho cua trai gai, phong tuc dinh udc, cudi hdi, the th6l ciia ngudi Bahnar thdi xa xua dupe mieu ta ti mi, lang man: ''Chuoi cudm ndy anh deo vdo cd em di ldm chimg cho tinh anh ddnh cho em mat mdi..." [6, tr.457]. 6 day trai gai tu do yeu duong, tu do td tinh, thi th6t, trao cudm, nhan roi mdi ra mat cha me, hp hang, dan lang. Hp thudng ehpn ngay ram, kh6 rao, sang trang de to chiic le cudi, uong rugu, vui choi. Thoi quen uong rupu eua ngudi Bahnar dupe mieu
ta kha "dam dac": van miia -uong, chuan bi lam miia trd lai - uong, lam xong mdt dm - udng giai nhpc, vira lam vua udng cho cd sii'c khoe, giai sau - uong, tiep khaeh - uong, tro chuyen - uong, tam su - udng, to tinb - udng, ehia lay - uong, eudi hdi to chirc eupe uong ldn, ea lang u6ng, ngudi gia yeu khong di du cung danh trau, bo lam thit de ehia phan...
Caeh uong rupu eiia dan lang eiing hon nhien, nhiet tinh va ehan thanh nhu each sdng ciia hp: ''Udng cho hit dim ddi, udng cho quen sdu dii rugu nhat nhu nirac Id' [6, tr.447]. Cach uong rupoi nay the hien linh cpng dong, linh than doan ket rat cao trong ddi song ngudi Bahnar.
Co le each uong rupn cua ngudi Bahnar noi rieng va Tay Nguyen noi chung da trd thanh ban sac van hoa viing nay.
Su thi GCDDLMN eon phan anh quan niem sdng tdt dep ciia dan tdc Bahnar: hieu khaeh, tot bung, xem con ngudi la quan trpng nhat. Khi mpi ngudi khap noi do ve xin thoe gao nha Bok Set, hp ngai phai lay khong nen tu nguyen dem noi, nieu, chieng, che den d6i, Bok Set da khong nhan nbirng thir ay ma con noi: ''Con ngudi la quan trgng, muon giau cd thi di budn trdu bd, chiing che..."
[6, tr.469]. Bok Set lu6n ndi vdi mpi ngudi: Phdi sieng ndng lam lung mai no du. Mpi ngudi deu che trach va tay chay nhirng ke sieng an nhac lam, nat rupu, gay gd vdi dan lang.
Nhirng eanh.lam lung. Ir6ng trpt, caeh 16 chirc lao dpng ciia ngudi Bahnar thdi xua dupe the hien chan thuc, sinh dpng, rat gan vdi sinh hoat, lao dpng ciia ngudi Bahnar hien nay; dd la quy trinh
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Tu' lieu tham khao S6 41 nam 2012
hoan thien ciia viec trong liia ray: tir liie phat rimg lam ra\'. tria liia, ldm eo, ldm rao ngan thii rirng dC'n gat liia, ldm kho phong hoa hoan, bo tri ngdy nghi dc dan Idng uong rupu giai nhpc, each giiip nguoi ngh^o... Hinh thirc lao dpng ay ihc hien tinh than cpng dong va doan ket rai cao cua ngucri Tay Nguyen. Giong tap hpp dan lang ciru doi, to chirc Iam ray de CO liia gao giiip ke khac. Ben canh tin Gicing eon c6 ray rieng. Nhu vay, a day da CO hinh thirc tu hiru. Tuy nhien, Bok Set \a dicing tich tu lua gao cung chi de phong xa, ciru doi dan ldng khi han han, mat miia. Co the hinh thirc ndy eung la dc tang them uy tin eho eae chii Idng nhu Bok Set. Nhan \ai Bok Set. cha ciia Giong, luon trong vai tro ciia nguoi chii ldng xii- diu nguon tfit bung, biet nhin xa trong rpng, nguoi chi dao, dieu hanh cao nhat, nguoi tru>en nhtrng kinh nghiem quy bau trong mpi cong viec lao dong san xuat, quan he vai cac xir khac, cucii \in trong cpng dong...
3. Ket luan
Co thS khing djnh GCD DLMN Id mpt bp phan trong chuSi su thi \S Dam Giong ciia dan toe Bahnar. GCD DLMN da gop phan hoan thien hinh tupng ciia nguai anh hiing Dam Giong. 6 sir thi ndy, Giong da the hien xuat sic \ ai trii id thu linh trong viee lao dpng. san xuit
chong lai doi ngheo. Giong da hoan thanh mpt ki tich la cii-u dupe dan lang qua nan doi khiing khiep hoanh hdnh khap nai.
Giong con day each san xuat, trong trot hieu qua, phan phdt liia g?o vd xay dung mpt cupc song no dii, hanh phiic cho mpi ngucri. Giong xung dang Id anh hiing van hoa ciia dan tpc Bahnar.
Trong qua trinh the hien npi dung sir thi, tac gia dan gian da sir dung mpt so bien phap nghe thuat nhu: vi von, phong dai. lap... ldm cho sir thi them hap dan.
Chang han, dc mo ta sire lao dpng ki dieu vd su giau co ciia Giong cung nhu mo uac CO miia mdng boi thu, tac gia dan gian dd mieu ta dam ray ciia Giong trai khap tren bay qua doi. ca\ lua cua chang tot den noi "de khien. de dao len tren, ngon lua ciing khong nga rap'' [6, tr.340].
Hoae khi mieu ta su don tiep bon anh em Giong den nha. Glaih Phang da ldm 7, 8 chuong nhot trau de giet thit dai khaeh [6.
tr.421]... Ngoai ra, trong sir thi GCD DLMN cung sir dung mpt so motif quen thupc trong sii thi Ta\' Ngii\en nhu motif da thieng. Do Id hon da diec ldm ranh giai giira eae viing "co phep la vgt dirqc ca con ho' [6. tr.337]... Tuy nhien motif da thieng nay khong tac dpng den hanh vi ciia nhan vat anh hiing, chi dupe nhac den nhu mpt chi tiet nho trong sir thi.
Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Nguyin Tiin Dung
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Hegel, Mi hoc, tap 2, (Phan Ngpc djch), Nxb Van hpe, 1999, Ha Npi.
2. Phan Thu Hiin (2000), Sir thi An Do. lap 1, Mahabharata, Nxb Giao due.
3. Nguyen Thi My Loc (2010), He thdng nhdn vdt anh himg ciia sir thi MNdng, http://vanthotre.sfi.vn.
4. Phan Dang Nhat (2001), Nghiin ciru sir thi Viet Nam, Nxb Khoa hpe xa hpi. Ha Npi.
5. Nhieu tac gia (2007), Ddt vd Ngirdi Tdy Nguyen, Tap chi Xua va nay, Nxb Van hoa Sai Gon.
6. Vien Khoa hpc Xa hpi Viet Nam (2006), Gidng cuu ddi ddn lang noi nai (Giong giim kon ta rin pa ngoi hrah). Vo Quang Trpng suu tam, Nxb Khoa hpc xa hpi.
(Ngay Toa soan nh$n diroc b^r 05-3-2012; ngiiy phiin bi$n dinh gii 25-7-2012, ngay chip nhin ding- 26-11-2012)
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