DI TRUYEN - GIONG VAT NUOI
NANG SUAT SINH SAN CUA LQN NAI DONG VCN03
Trinh Hong San^*
N g a y n h a n b a i b a o : 14/11/2014 - N g a y n h ? n b a i p h a n b i # n : 26/11/2014 N g a y b a i b a o d u g c cha'p n h a n d a n g : 29/11/2014
T O M T A T
Nghien ciiu nay dugc thuc hien tai Tram Nghien ciiu va Phat trieh gio'ng Lgn hgt nhan Tam Difp thupc Trung tam Nghien cuu Lpn Thuy Phuong, Vien Chan nuoi tii nSm 2002 de'n 2013 voi 362 ca the Ipn nai dong VCN03 qua 1129 6 de ciia 4 t h e h ^ nham xac dinh cac yeu to i h e h f , liia de va n a m anh huong de'n n5ng sua'l sinh san. Danh gia nang suai sinh san ciia lpn nai dong VCN03 qua cac the'he, liia de va nSm. Kel qua nghien cuu cho tha'y: Yeu to the he khong anh huong toi cac chi tieu ve nang suat sinh sAn a i a Ipn nai dong VCN03; lua de chi anh huong ro r^t deh s6' con so sinh song/6 va khoi lugng cai sira/con (P<0,01); nam khong anh h u o n g de'n so' con so sinh song/6 va khoi lupng so sinh s6ng/6, nhung anh huong ra't ro r^t de'n khoi lugng so sinh/con, khoi lupng cai siia/con, khoi lupng cai sira/6 va so' con cai sua/6 (P<0,001), Lpn nai dong VCN03 thuoc nhom cac gio'ng chuyen dung "dong bo*' co nang sua't sinh san tha'p, so con so sinh s6hg/6 va so con cai siia/6'la 8,85 va 8,15 con/6. Tinh trang so'con so sinh s6'ng/6 va so con cai sua/6 ciia lpn nai dong VCN03 deu co xu huong giam dan tir the h^ 1 de'n the h^ 4 (P>0,05). So con so sinh s6ng/5 va so'con cai sua/o deu tha'p 6 Iiia 1, tang 6 Itia 2, tir Iiia 3 de'n liia 6 bie'n dpng khSng theo mpt xu huong nha't dinh va g i ^ fir liia 7 tro len. Sg sai khac ve so'con s a sinh song/6 qua cac nam khong co ]?
nghia tho'ng ke (P>0,05), so'con cai sira/6 qua cac nam bie'n dpng khong theo quy luat.
Tif khoa: Nang stial sinh san, lan ndi, dong Imi VCN03, chSn nu6i lgn.
ABSTRACT
Reproductive performance of VCN03 sows Trinh Hong Son This study was conducted at Tamdiep pig nuclear Research and Development station belonging Thuyphuong Pig Research Center - National Institute of Animal Sciences from 2002 to 2013. The aim of study was to evaluate the factors such as generation, parity and year that influence the reproductive performance of VCN03 sows. Data structure included the reproductive performance of 362 VCN03 sow with 1129 litters over 4 generations. There w a s no relationship between generation factor and the reproductive performance of VCN03. Other factor such as parity affecting N u m b e r b o m alive and the weight of weaned pigs (P<0.01). The year factor w a s not associated with n u m b e r b o m alive and piglet weight per litter. However, this factor was demonstrated affecting the piglet weight at birth, the number and weight of weaned pig per litter (P<0.001). The VCN03 sows were used in breeding program as a sire line, therefore, they had a lower reproductive performance compared with other breeds. Number bom alive and weaned pigs were 8.85 and 8.15 piglets. These reproductive traits of VCN03 decreased over 4 generations (P>0.05). Number b o m alive and weaned pigs were low at parity 1; witnessed an increase in
'Trung tam nghien cuu lpn Thyy Phuong, Vi^n Chan nu6i.
' Dja du de lien h?: Trjnh Hong Son, Trung tam nghien ciiu lpn Thyy Phuong, Vi^n ChSn nuoi: Thyy Phuong, Tir Liem, Ha Npi. Dien thoai: 0912792872 - 01676962528. Email: [email protected]
^^ KHKT Chan nuai So 2-2015
DI TRUYEN - GIONG VAT NUOI second parity, fluctuation from 3 * parity to 6"" parity and decline at 7'^ parity. Number bom alive varied each year (P>0.05) and number of weaned pigs was fluctuated without the direction over the years.
Keywords: Reproductive performance, VCN03 line, sows, pig production.
1. DAT VAN DE
Cac gio'ng lgn nhap ngoai cao san nhu Landrace (L), Large White (LW), Pietrain (Pi), Duroc (Du) da gop phan nang cao nang sua't va chat lugng thit lgn a nuoc ta, song chiing doi hoi moi truong chan nuoi to't. Thi^c te^
dieu ki^n chan nuoi 6 nuoc ta hi?n tai c6n nhieu han che^ ky thuat chan nuoi va cong tac quan ly chua that tot dan de'n cac gio'ng Ign ngoai nh?p npi chi dat dugc 70-80% ve kha nang san xua't so voi tiem nang cua giong.
Nam 2001, Trung tam nghien a i u lgn Thuy Phuang da tie'p nh$n nguon gen quy tir cong ty PIC ciia Anh, gom 5 dong tong hgp cu ky dugc chgn lgc theo huong chuyen hoa cao. Trong so' 5 dong do co dong lgn L19 (Duroc trang), dugc doi ten thanh VCN03. Tuy nhien, qua mpt thai gian khai thac va sii dung, dan lgn gio'ng nay chua dugc danh gia day dii ve kha nang sinh san. De t?o co sa cho viec chpn lpc, lam tien de cai t?o gio'ng a cac the' h^ tie'p sau, vi|c danh gia cac ye'u to'anh huong toi nang sua't sinh san cua dan lgn nai dong VCN03 la rat can thie't. So li|u sinh san ciia dan lgn nai dong VCN03 dugc thu t h | p tir nam 2002 de'n nam 2013, chii ye'u dupc ton tai va phat trien qua 4 the' h? vi the' h? 1 dugc coi nhu thoi diem bat dau ciia dan giong go'c VCN03 cua cong ty PIC Vi?t Nam chuyen giao cho Vi?t Nam cu61 nam 2001.
Muc dich ciia nghien ciiu nay la danh gia cac ye'u to' the' h?, liia de va nam anh huong de'n nang sua't sinh san ciia lgn nai dong VCN03. Dong thoi, danh gia nang sua't sinh san cua dan Ign nai dong VCN03 qua cac the'h?, liia de va nam.
2. VAT LIEU VA PHlTONG PHAP NGHIEN cOu
2.1. V?l Ii?u nghien cmi
Nghien ciiu dugc tie'n hanh tren 362 lgn nai dong VCN03 nuoi t^i Tram nghien cihi va phat trien gio'ng lgn hgt nhan Tam Diep thupc Trung tam nghien ciiu Ign Thuy Phuong, Vien Chan nuoi tir nam 2002 de'n nam 2013 nham danh gia cac ye'u to' the' h?.
Ilia de va nam anh huong deh nang sua't sinh san cua lgn nai dong VCN03.
Nang sua't sinh san cua dan !gn nai dong VCN03 qua 4 the' h?, cac liia de va cac nam voi tong s6'1129 6 de. The'h? 1 la dan nai goc tai thoi diem Vi^t Nam tie'p nhan cua tgp doan PIC, can cii vao h§ pha huyet tho'ng de xac djnh the'h? 2,3 va 4.
2.2. Phucmg phap xu ly so li^u So' H^u dugc Xli ly bang phan mS'm SAS 9.1(2002). Cac tham so tho'ng ke mo ta ciia cac chi tieu: dung lugng mau (n), trung binh (Mean), gia trj lon nha't (Max), gia tri nho nha't (Min).
Sir dung GLM SAS 9.1(2002) de uac tinh gia tri trung binh binh phuang be nha't (LSM), sai so' tieu chuan (SE) va danh gia miic dp anh huang ciia cac ye'u to' de'n chi tieu nghien ciiu vai mo hinh phan tich sau.
So sanh cap bang giiia cac gia tri LSM bang phep so sanh Tukey:
Yi,k = n + TH, + Lj + Nk + £,,k Trong do
Yi)k: nang sual sinh san p: trung binh quan the
TH: Anh huang cua theh$ thO- i (i = 1,2,3,4)
KHKT Chan nuoi 5^2-2015 15
D I TRUYEN - G I O N G V A T N U O I Lf. Anh hu&ng ciia liia de thiij(j = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7)
Nk: Anh huang cita ndm thii k (k = 2002, 2003,. .., 2013).
et)k: Sai so ngau nhien
3. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
3.1. Yeu to anh h u d n g den nang suat sinh san cua Ign nai VCN03
Nang sua't sinh san ciia lgn nai bi anh huong boi cac ye'u to' di truyen va ngoai canh. So' li^u 6 bang 1 cho tha'y, ye'u to' the' h? khong anh huong toi cac chi tieu ve nang sua't sinh san ciia lgn nai dong VCN03. Trong liic do, ye'u to' lua de co anh huong ro r?t de'n hai tinh trang so' con sa sinh s6'ng/6 va khoi lugng cai siia/con (P<0,01). Ke't qua nay khong triing hgp vdi ke't qua nghien ciiu ciia cac tac gia tren lgn nai Landrace va Yorkshire (Y) nuoi tai Trai My Van va Trung tam nghien ciiu lgn Thuy Phuang; Tran Thj Minh Hoang va ctv (2008) cho bie't ye'u to' liia de anh huong co y nghia tho'ng ke ro ret de'n cac tinh trang sinh san;
Phgm Thi Kim Dung va Tran Thj Minh Hoang (2009) ciing c6 ke't luan'tuong tir;
Doan Van Sogn va Dgng Vu Binh (2010) tren to hgp nai lai giiia Fi(LxY) va Fi(YxL) voi di^c Duroc va VCN03, cho bie't ye'u to'liia de anh huong ra't ro r?t de'n ta't ca cac chi tieu nghien ciiu tren.
Ngogi trir chi tieu so' con so sinh s6'ng/6 va kho'i lugng so sinh s6'ng/6, ye'u to nam anh huong rat ro r?t de'n khoi lugng so sinh/con, so' con cai siia/6', khoi lugng cai siia/con va kho'i lugng cai sua/6 (P<0,001). Ke't qua nay phii hgp voi ke't qua nghien ciiu cua Doan Van Soan va Dang Vu Binh (2010) cong bo' ye'u to' nam khong anh huong de'n so' con de ra trong 6 nhung anh huang de'n so' con cai sira trong o. Khi nghien ciiu nai lai Fi(Y x Mong Cai) phoi voi due gio'ng L, Du va PiDu, Dgng Vu Binh va ctv (2008) cung cho bie't ye'u to nam anh huong ro ret deh kho'i lugng so sinh/con, khoi lugng cai sira/con, nhung khong anh huong de'n so' con de ra s6'ng/6 va so'con cai siia/o.
Bang 1: Miic dp anh hudng ciia mpt so yeu to d^n nang suiit sinh san lgn nai VCN03
Chitieu Theh^ Liiade
So con so sinh s6hg/o (con) So'con cai sua/6' (con) Khoi lupng so sinh/6 (kg) Khoi lupng so sinh/con (kg) Khoi lupng cai sua/6 (kg) Kho'i iugng cai siia/con (kg)
NS NS NS NS NS NS
"*
NS NS NS NS
"
NS
—
NS
~
—
«.
Ghi diu: NS: P > 0,05; **: P < 0,01;'
Ye'u to' nam khong anh hudng de'n cac tinh trgng so' con de nuoi, khoi Iugng so sinh/6 va klioi lugng so sinh/con, nhung lai anh huong ro ret de'n cac tinh trang so'con de ra, so'con con so'ng, so con cai siia, khoi lugng cai sua/6 va kh6i lugng cai siia/con (Tran Thi Minh Hoang va ctv, 2006). Theo Pham Thi Kim Dung va Tran Thi Minh Hoang (2009), ye'u to'nam chi anh huong deh so'con so sinh.
so' con cai sua va tuoi de lira dau. Cac chi tieu sinh san co h? so' di truyen tha'p nen nang sua't sinh san chiu anh huong lon cua cac ye'u to'ngoai canh tac dong.
3.2. Nang suat sinh san cua lgn nai dong VCN03
Cac gio'ng chuyen dung "dong bo*' nhu Du, Pi, Landrace Bi, Hampshire, Poland-
16 KHKT Chan nuai So 2 - 2 0 1 5
DI TRUYEN - G I O N G V A T N U O I China va VCN03 co nang sua^ sinh san trung
binh, tha'p han so vai cac gio'ng da dung.
Ngoai ra, kha nang nuoi con cung co chieu huong kem han, dieu nay dugc chiing minh
la chiing CO ti 1? lgn cpn che't truoc cai siia cao hon so vai cac gio'ng da dung nhu L va LW (Blasco va ctv, 1995).
Bang 2: Nang suat sinh sin ciia lgn nai d6ng VCN03 Chitieu
So con so sinh song/6' (con) So'con cai sua/o (con) Khoi luijng so sinh/6' (kg) Khoi lutjing so sinh/con (kg) Khoi luyng cai sua/6' (kg) Khoi lui?ng cai siia/con (kg)
n 1129 1066 784 784 798 798
Mean 8,85 8,15 14,10 1,56 58,56
6,72 SD 2,22 1,79 2,92 0,12 12,24 0,90
Min 4,00 4,00 5,60 1,30 25,80 3,80
Max 18,00 15,00 24,00 2,00 99,40 10,00
Lpn nai dong VCN03 co so' con so sinh s6'ng/6 tha'p (8,85 con/6), so' con cai sira/6 tha'p (8,15 con/6), rJiung khoi lugng so sinh/con cao (1,56 kg/con) va kha nang sinh truong cao, kho'i lugng cai siia dgt 6,72 kg/con. Imboonta va ctv (2007), cong bo' lpn L a Thai Lan co so' con so sinh s6ng/6 la 10,03 con. Nguyin Hiiu Tinh (2009) cong bo nang sua't cua dan lgn L va Y d cac tinh phia Nam giai dogn 1995-2005 cd so' con so sinh s6'ng/6 lan lugt la 9,60 va 9,57 con/6, khoi lugng cai siia/6 tai 21 ngay tu6i la 58,79 va 57,26 kg/6; giai dogn 2000-2007 cd so'con so sinh s6ng/6 la 9,70 va 9,80 con/6, khoi lupng cai siia/6 tai 21 ngay tu6i la 54,10 va 54,09 kg/6. Nhu vay, lgn nai dong VCN03 thupc nhdm cac gid'ng chuyen dung "ddng bd'" cd nang sua't sinh san tha'p hon cac gio'ng chuyen dung "dong m?", dien hinh la Meishan (MS) cd so' con sa sinh s6'ng/d trung binh la 14-16 con/6 va cac gid'ng da dung "dong nguyen chiing" nhu LW va L, nhimg cd nang sua't cao hon cac gid'ng
"nguyen san" d Viet Nam nhu I, Lang Hong, Meo,... co so' con so sinh so'ng tu 6 de'n 8 con/6.
Cac due gio'ng chuyen dung "ddng bo*' khi giao phoi vdi cac nai Iai ciing cho nang sua't sinh san cao. Phan Van Himg va Dgng Vii Binh (2008) cho bie't cac to lai Du(LxY),
Du(YxL), L19(LxY) va L19(YxL) co sdcon so sinh s6hg/d lan lugt la 10,00; 10,43; 10,27 va 10,61 con/6, so con cai siia/d la 9,60; 9,89;
9,72 va 10,00 con/d. Doan Van Sogn va Dang Vii Binh (2010) cong bo' sd' con so sinh song/6 cua lgn nai Iai Fi(L x Y) phdi vdi dye Du va L19 (la VCN03) lan lugt la 11,26 va 11,44 con/6; tuong iing so'con cai sua/6 la 10,37 va 10,46 con/6 nhung khoi Iugng sa sinh/con thi tha'p han, tuong iing la 1,49 va 1,47 kg/con.
3.3. Nang suat sinh s^n cua lgn nai dong VCN03 qua cac the h^
Vi?c nuoi gili va nhan thuan cac dong thuan va cac ddng tong hpp lam nguyen li?u go'c cho cac chuang trinh giong la khdng the thie'u dugc. Cac dong, gid'ng muo'n ton tai dugc thi phai duy tri dugc nang sua't, cha't lugng qua cac the' he va timg budc dugc chpn lpc nang cao. Nang sua't sinh san cua lgn nai dong VCN03 qua cac the'h| dugc the hien tai bang 3.
The'he 1 cd so'con so sinh s6'ng/6 la 9,29 con, the'he 2 giam 0,49 con/6 so vdi the'he 1, tie'p tyc giam xuo'ng d the' he 3 va the' he 4, nhimg vdi miic giam it hon va sy sai khac khdng cd nghTa th6ng ke. Cy the, the'h^ 3 chi giam 0,11 con/6 so vdi the'h| 2 va de'n the'h^
4 chi giam 0,03 con/6 so vdi the' h^ 3.
KHKT Chan nuoi So 2 - 2 0 1 5
17
DI TRUYEN - GIONG VAT NUOI
Bang 3: N a n g suat s i n h s a n cua l g n n a i d o n g V C N 0 3 q u a cac t h e h ? T h e h f
LSM SE LSM SE LSM SE LSM SE
S6'consosinhs6'ng/6(con) 215 9,29 0,21 439 So'con cai sira/6 (con) 194 834 0,18 414 Khoi lugng so sinh/con (kg) 94 1,57 0,01 254 Khoi lupng so sinh/6 (kg) 94 15,01 0^5 254
8,80 0,14 304 8,69 0,15 171 8,66 0,26 8,14 0,11 293 8,02 0,12 1(5 7,96 0,20 1,55 0,01 272 1,56 0,01 164 1,56 0,01 14,02 0,22 272 13,95 0,22 164 13,88 0^5 Khoi luong cai sua/con (kg) 95 6,51 0,11 257 6,77 0,07 281 6,80 0,07 165 6,76 0,11 Khoi lugng cai sua/6 (kg) 95 57,63 1,46 257 58,91 0,90 281 59,23 0,91 165 58,73 1,44
So' c o n cai s i i a / 6 cd x u h u d n g g i a m q u a cac the' h% t u o n g t u n h u so' c o n s a s i n h s6'ng/6, c a o nha't d t h e ' h ^ 1, g i a m m g n h d the' h ? 2, cd x u h u d n g g i a m tha'p h o n d t h e ' h e 3 va t h e ' h ? 4. T u y n h i e n , s u sai k h a c v e gia tri t r u n g b i n h c u a h a i chi t i e u so' c o n s o s i n h s6'ng/6 v a so' c o n cai s i i a / 6 q u a c a c t h e ' h ? k h d n g cd y nghTa thd'ng k e (P>0,05).
T i n h trgng so' c o n s o sinh s6'ng/6 v a so' c o n cai sira/6 ciia l g n n a i d d n g V C N 0 3 q u a cac the' h e cd xu h u d n g g i a m . N g u y e n n h a n c h i n h ia d o n g lgn d y e V C N 0 3 d n u d c ta chi n u d i d u y nha't tai T r u n g t a m n g h i e n ciiu Ign T h u y P h u o n g m a viec n u o i giii va 6 n d i n h d u g c n a n g sua't cha't l u g n g c u a c o n gio'ng g g p ra't n h i e u k h d k h a n . D e n a n g c a o gia tri d i t r u y e n , 6 n d j n h n a n g sua't va c h a t l u p n g , b a t d a u tir n a m 2005, T r u n g t a m d a n h a p n g u o n g e n m d i tir n u d c n g o a i d e l a m t u o i m a u , t r a n h s u d o n g huye't.
K h d i l u g n g s o s i n h s6'ng/6 c a o n h a t d t h e ' h e 1, g i a m d a n d c a c t h e ' h # 2, 3 v a 4. T h e ' h# 1 cd k h d i l u g n g s o s i n h s6'ng/6 c a o la d o so' c o n s a s i n h sd'ng/6 c a o . N g u g c v d i k h d i l u p n g s o s i n h s 6 h g / 6 , k h d i l u g n g cai s i i a / 6 d t h e ' h e 1 lgi tha'p nha't, cd x u h u d n g t a n g d t h e ' h e 2 v a t h e ' h ? 3, d a t k h o i l u g n g c a o nha't tai the' h e 3 va g i a m x u d ' n g d the' h ^ 4. K h d i l u g n g cai s i r a / 6 d t h e ' h e 1 tha'p cd t h e d o n h u cau d i n h d u d n g c u n g ca'p c h o Ign n a i d o n g V C N 0 3 giai d o a n n u o i c o n c h u a p h i i h p p . Su b i e n d d n g v e k h o i l u g n g cai s i i a / 6
q u a cac t h e ' h ? c u a l g n n a i d d n g V C N 0 3 la k h d n g l d n . S d ' l g n c o n cai sua/6 a cac the'h^
2, 3 va 4 g i a m n h u n g k h d i l u g n g cai sira/6 k h o n g sai k h a c v d i t h e ' h ? 1 v a cd t a n g n h ? Ia d o d i e u k i | n k y t h u a t c h a m sdc nuoi d u a n g to't h a n . T u y n h i e n , k h d i l u g n g so s i n h sd'ng/d v a k h d i l u g n g cai s i i a / 6 cua lpn n a i d o n g V C N 0 3 q u a c a c t h e ' h | d e u khong cd s u sai k h a c {P>0,05).
K h o i l u g n g s o s i n h sd'ng/con q u a 4 the' h e d e u d a t c a o , tir 1,55 d e h 1,57 kg/con P>0,05). K h o i l u g n g cai s i i a / c o n c o t u o n g q u a n n g h i c h v d i s o ' c o n cai s i i a / 6 , t h e ' h e 1 c6 so' c o n cai s i i a / 6 c a o nha't thi co kho'i lugng cai s u a / c o n la tha'p n h a t . K h d i l u g n g cai s i i a / c o n tha'p nha't tai t h e ' h ? 1, cac t h e ' h e sau c a o hem v a cd x u h u d n g o n d j n h . T u o n g ty n h u k h d i l u g n g s o s i n h sd'ng/con, khoi Iugng cai s i i a / c o n q u a c a c t h e ' h e sai k h a c k h d n g co y n g h l a t h o n g k e (P>0,05).
N h u vgy, c a c c h i tieu s o c o n s o sinh sd'ng/o, s6' c o n cai s i i a / d , k h d i l u g n g s o sinh sd'ng/d d e u cd x u h u d n g g i a m tir t h e ' h e 1 d e h t h e ' h # 4. C h i t i e u k h d i l u g n g s o sinh so'ng/con t u o n g d o i 6 n djnh q u a cac the' h?.
K h d i l u p n g cai s i r a / 6 t a n g n h ? d t h e ' h e 2 va t u o n g d o l o n d j n h d cac t h e ' h ? 3 v a 4. Ddi v d i m d t d a n Ign n g o a i n h a p npi, vi?c nuoi giii h o n 10 n a m q u a cac the' h ? , k h a n a n g s i n h s a n v a n g i i i d u g c o n d i n h la m p t ke't qua to't.
18 KHKT Chan nuoi So 2-2015
DI TRUYEN - GIONG VAT NUOI 3.4. Nang suat sinh san ciia lgn nai dong
VCN03 qua cac liia de
Khi danh gia ve anh hudng ciia liia de deh so'con de ra/o, mpt sd'tac gia da cho bie't so con de ra/o thap nha't d liia thii nha't, tang dan va dgt tdl da d cac liia 3, 4 va 5, sau dd dn dinh va giam dan d cac liia tie'p theo (Yen va ctv, 1987). Tuy nhien, cac tac gia nay ciing luu y rSng trong moi liia de, cac ye'u to anh hudng de'n so'con de ra/6 cung can dugc xac dinh nham tranh lan lpn cac anh hudng cua Ilia de vdi cac ye'u to' nay.
So con so sinh sd'ng/6 va so con cai siia/6 ciia lpn nai VCN03 qua cac liia de khdng phil hgp vdi xu hudng cdng bd' cua Yen va ctv (1987) ciing nhu mdt sd' tac gia tren cac gid'ng lgn khac. Sd' con so sinh sd'ng/6 tha'p nha't d lira 1 tang d Iiia 2, dat ke't qua cao han d liia 3, giam d liia 4, tang lgi d Ilia 5 va lira 6 va giam d sau liia 6. Su bien dpng a i a sd'con so sinh song/o qua cac Ilia de cd su sai khac (P<0,05).
Bang 4: So con so sinh s6ng/6 va sd con cai sui/o qua cac lira de
Ltiade
1 2 3 4 5 6
>7
So con so sinh song/o (con) n 229 204 185 151 133 100 127
LSM S^
8,78*
9,19»
8,61' 9,16»
9,23*
8,69»
SE 0,16 0,17 0,17 0,19 0,20 0,23 Oil
So con cai siWo (con) n
218 194 176 143 125 93 117
I S M 7,89 8,00 8,35 8,04 8,21 8 J 5 7,97
SE 0,14 0,14 0,14 0,15 0,17 0,19 0,18 Ghi (hii: Cdc gid tri trang cung cot, c6 mang chit cdi khdc nhau Hit saildidccd y nghia thaig ke (P<0,05)
Sy bie'n dpng ve sd' con sa sinh s6'ng/6 d lgn nai ddng VCN03 khdng theo quy luat pho bie'n ciia lgn nai. O day, sd' con so sinh sd'ng/d d Ilia thii 4 giam ro r?t so vdi liia thir 3. Nguyen nhan cua hien tugng nay cd the
do dac diem chu ky sinh hpc cua lgn nai ddng VCN03 khac so vdi cac gid'ng lgn khac the hien ti le logi thai nai sau liia thir 3 la cao nhat (chie'm 18,38%). De'n liia 5, so' con sa sinh sd'ng/6 da dugc phgc hoi va cao nha't d liia 6, sd dl liia 6 cao nha't la do da logi thai nhiing nai cd nang sua't kem d cac Ilia trudc dd, ti 1? logi thai tir liia 1 deh liia 6 la 56,33%. Sd'con so sinh sd'ng/o cung cd xu hudng chung nhu cac gid'ng lgn ngogi khac la giam mgnh sau liia de thii 6, Ngoai ye'u to gid'ng, cac ye'u td' ngoai canh cd the gdp phan lam anh hudng ldn de'n nang sua't sinh san ciia lgn nai trong dd cd chi tieu so' con sa sinh s6ng/6.
Sd' con cai siia/6 ciing cd bie'n dpng cimg xu hudng gid'ng nhu cac chi tieu so' con so sinh sd'ng/d. So' con cai siia/d ciia lgn nai ddng VCN03 tha'p nha't d lira 1, tang len d Ilia 2 va liia 3, de'n liia 4 giam xudng ro ret, sau do tang trd Igi d liia thii 5 va liia 6, dat ke't qua cao nha't d liia 6 va sau liia 6 giam xudng rd r?t. Tuy rJiien, sy sai khac ve so con cai siia/6 qua cac liia de d day deu khdng cd y nghia thd'ng ke.
3.5. Nang suat sinh san cua lgn nai dong VCN03 qua cac nam
Ke't qua d bang 5 cho tha'y so' con so sinh sd'ng/6 (8,53-8,68 con/o) giai doan 2002- 2006 tha'p han 2007-2012 (9,07-9,29 con/6), nam 2013 chi theo ddi dugc 23 d de nen cd the chua phan anh diing tiem nang sinh san ciia lgn nai dong VCN03. Tir nam 2005, do Sli dyng tinh dong Ignh lam tuoi mau dan lgn la nguyen nhan chinh lam tang so' con sa sinh s6'ng/6 d giai dogn 2007-2012. Cac sai khac ve sd' con so sinh sd'ng/6 qua cac nam d tirng giai doan 2002-2006 va 2007- 2012 khdng cd y nghla thdng ke, dieu nay hoan toan phii hgp vdi ke't qua d bang 1 (ye'u to' nam khong anh hudng de'n chi tieu so' con so sinh so'ng/d) va sy tang so' con so sinh sd'ng/6 d giai doan 2007-2012 la do ye'u td'di truyen.
KHKT Chan nudi So 2 - 2 0 1 5 19
D I TRUYEN - G I O N G V A T N U O I Bing 5: So con so sinh s6ng/6 va sd con cai
sira/6 qua cac nam
, , . S5consosinhsdn^6(con)S6concaisDa/6(con)
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
n 123 109 89 106 99 119 113 99 62 86 101 23
LSM 8,55 8,60 8,53 8,68 8,67 9,16 9,29 9,17 9,16 9,19 9,07 8,47
SE 0,28 0 J 5 0,26 0,25 0,25 0,22 0,22 0,23 0,29 0,26 0,27 OS
n 116
93 80 102 97 112 113 94 61 83 94 21
LSM 7,70«
7,87*' 7,98»>>
7,86«
7,81«
8,32"
8,34*' 8,52"
8,52"
8,58' 839»"
7,50"
SE 0,23 0,22 0,22 0,21 0,2 0,18 0,18 0,19 0,24 0,22 0,23 0,42 Ghi chti: cdc gid tri trmg cUng cot, cd imng diic cdi
khdc nhau thi sat Ididc cd y nghia thSitg ki (P<0,05) So' con cai siia/6 tirng nam phu thupc vao so'con so sinh s6'ng/6 va ti 1? hao hyt lpn con giai doan theo m?. Tuang ty nhu so' con so sinh s6hg/d, sd' con cai siia/6 giai doan 2002-2006 (7,70-7,98 con/d) tha'p hon so vdi giai dogn 2007-2012 (8,32-8,58 con/d). Trong giai do^n 2002-2006 va 2007-2012, su bien dpng ve sd' con cai siia/d giiia cac nam co sai khac (P<0,05). Sd' con cai siia/d cua nam 2013 tha'p cd the do thdi theo ddi ngan chi co 21 6 nen chua phan anh dugc tiem nang sinh san cua lgn nai dong VCN03. Su bien dpng ve so' con cai su'a/6 qua cac nam ciing xu hudng vdi so' con so sinh sd'ng/6. Nhu vay, so con cai siia/6 phy thupc vao so' con so sinh sd'ng/6 trong cung dieu kien chan nudi va khai thac sii dyng.
4. KET LUAN
Ye'u to the'h? kh6ng anh hudng tdi nang sua't sinh san ciia Ign nai dong VCN03. Liia de anh hudng ro r?t de'n so' con sa sinh s6ng/6 va khoi lugng cai siia/con. Nam khong anh hudng de'n sd' con so sinh sd'ng/d va khdi Iugng so sinh s6'ng/6, nhung anh
huang ra't ro r?t de'n khoi lugng so sinh/con, * khoi lugng cai sua/con, khdi lugng cai siia/6 va sd'con cai siia/o.
Lgn nai VCN03 thugc nhdm cac giong chuyen dyng "ddng bd*' cd nang suat sinh san tha'p han so vdi cac gidng da dyng: so' con so sinh sd'ng/6 va so' con cai siia/6 la 8,85 va 8,15 con/6.
So' con so sinh sd'ng/6 va sd' con cai siia/6 cua lgn nai VCN03 cd xu hudng giam dan tii the' h? 1 de'n th§' h? 4. Sd' con so sinh s6'ng/6 va so' con cai siia/6 deu tha'p d Iiia 1, tang d Ilia 2, tir Iiia 3 deh lira 6 bie'n dpng khong theo mpt xu hudng nha't dinh va tii giam liia 7 trd len. Sd'con so sinh sd'ng/6 va sd'con cai siia/6 qua cac nam bie'n dpng khdng theo q u y luat.
TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O
1 Dang Vu Binh, Vu Dinh Ton va Nguyin Cong Oanh (2008), NSng suat sinh san a i a ton nai lai Fi{Yorkshire x Mong Cai) Phoi voi due giong Landrace, Duroc va (Pietrain x Duroc). Tap chi Khoa hQC va Phat trien, VI(4): 326-330.
2 Blasco A., Binadel J.P. and Haley C S . (1995), Genetic and neonatal survial. The Neonatal pig.
Development and Survial, Valey M.A. {Ed.), CAB, International, Wallingford, Oxon, UK, trang: 17-38. vr-tv 3. Pham Thi Kim Dung va Tran Th; Minh Hoang
(2009), Cac ye'u t6' Anh huong t6i nang sua't sinh san ciia 5 dong cy ky tai tr^i lpn giong hat nhan Tam Di|p, Tap chi' Khoa hgc cong ngh^ chan nuoi, 16:8-14.
4 Tran Thj Minh Hoang, Nguyin Que Coi va Nguyen Van Dire (2006), Mgt so yeii to anh huong de'n nang suat sinh san cua dan lon nai Landrace va Yorshire. Tap chi Nong nghidp va phat tri^n nong th3n, 6: 60-62.
5. Tran Thj Minh Hoang, Tg Thj Bich Duyen va Nguyen Que Coi (2008), Mpt sff yeii to anh huong de'n nSng sua't sinh san ciia dan lon nai Landrace va Yorshire nuoi t?i My van, Tam Difp va Thyy Phuong. Tgp chi Khoa hoc cong ngh? ch5n nu6i, 10:23-30.
6 Phan Van Hung va D | n g Vu Binh (2008), Kha nang s i n xuS't cua cac tS hijip lai giiia lon due Duroc, L19 vol nai Fi(LxY) va Fi(YxL) nuoi t?i
20 KHKT Chan nudi So 2-2015
DI TRUYEN - GIONG VAT NUOI
Vlnh Phuc. Tap chi Khoa hpc va Phat trien, Landrace) phoi gifi'ng voi due Duroc va L19.
VI(6): 537-541. Tap chi Khoa hoc va Phat tri&'n, VIII(5): 807-813.
7. Imboonta N., Rydhmer L., and Tumwasom S. 9 Nguyen H u u Tinh (2009), Danh gia di truyen (2007), Genetic parameters for reproduction and dan giong thuan Yorkshire va Landrace lien ke't production traits of Landrace sovi's in Thailand. giiia cac trai n h i m khai thac hieu qua nguon Joumal ol Animal Science, 85:53-59. gen va nang cao chat lupng giong. Lu^n an Tien 8. Doan Van Sogn va Dgng Vu Bmh (2010), Kha s' ^°"S "ghiep.
nang sinh truong ciia cac to hpp lai giiia nai lai 10. Yen H.F., G.A. Isler, W.R. Harvey and K.M. Irvin Fi(Landrace x Yorkshire), Fl(Yorkshire x (1987), Factors affecting reproductive perfonnance
in swine, J. Anim. Sd., 64:1340-1348.
KHA NANG SINH TRtfdNG VA TIEU TON THU'C AN <'<^tjl^
CUA BA TO HOP DU"C LAI CUOI CUNG (PIETRAINxDUROC, PIETRAINxLANDRACE,DUROCxLANDRACE)
Nguyen Vdn Binh^' va Dinh Ngoc Bdch^
N g a y n h | n b a i b a o : 10/12/2014 - N g a y n h a n b a i p h a n b i ? n : 23/12/2014 N g a y b a i b a o dug'c c h a p n h ^ n d a n g : 26/12/2014
T6M TAT
Sit d u n g cac to h q p lon d y e lai cuoi ciing rat pho bie'n tren the'gioi boi vi chung co u u the'lai cao, gia thanh san xua't con giong tha'p. Cac to h e p due lai: Pietrain x Duroc (PiDu); Pietrain x Landrace (PiLR) va Duroc x Landrace (DuLR) d u o c chon tao tai Trung tam Gio'ng vat nuoi Tinh Thai Nguyen. Ba to h o p lai thi nghiem, moi to h o p lai co 4 due giong duoc chon tir moi to h o p dye lai de nghien ciiu, danh gia siic san xua't. Ke't qua nghien ciiu cho tha'y kha nang sinh truong cua cac to h g p due Iai trong giai d o a n tir 30 den 150 ngay tuoi la kha cao. Lon dye co khoi lui^ng co the ldn: CJ 5 thang tuoi, kh6i luong cua d y e PiDu, PiLR va DuLR dat tuong iing la 97,23 kg; 95,08 kg va 95,98 kg (P<0,05); Toe dp sinh truong tuy?t dol ciia d y e lai kha eao, dat binh quan tuong iing la 704,67 g/ngay; 688,58 g/ngay va 694,58 g/ngay. C u o n g d o sinh t r u d n g t u o n g doi on djnh va dat cao 6 dye PiDu, sau do de'n d y e DuLR va tha'p nha't la d u e PiLR. Tieu to'n thiic an cho 1 kg tang khoi luqng dgt t u o n g d u o n g nhau d dye PiDu va PiLR (2,57 va 2,53) va cao nha't d d u e DuLR (2,66) (P>0,05).
Tit khoa: To hgp due lai cuoi ciing, kha nang sinh tru&ng, lieu ton thitc an.
A B S T R A C T
G r o w t h a b i l i t y a n d F e e d c o n s u m p t i o n of t h r e e t e r m i n a l h y b r i d b o a r c o m b i n a t i o n s Nguyen Van Binh and Dinh Ngoc Bach Three terminal hybrid boar combinations: Pietrain x Duroc (PiDu), Pietrain x Landrace (PiLR) and Duroc X Landrace (DuLR) were keeping at Thai Nguyen Center of Domestic Animal Breeding to evaluate on production abilities. The results showed that Growth ability of three hybrid boar
' Truong Cao d i n g Kinh tS'- Ky thuat, Dgi hpc Thai Nguyen.
* Tac gia de Uen he: Nguyin Van Binh, Phong Dao tgo - Quan ly Khoa hgc va Hgp tac quo'c te, Trudng Cao dang Kinh t e - Ky thugt, Dgi hoc Thai Nguyen. DT: 01684298666. Email; [email protected]
KHKT Chan nuoi S^2-2015 21
