A brief description of the manufacturing processes at the laboratory or industrial level is also provided. The relatively low reflection values are of course due to the absorption in the visible by the blue colour; the performance of the thermoplastic (EPM-containing) coating is clearly superior to the other coatings [83].
Conclusions
Double layer waterborne heat insulating coatings with hollow glass microspheres (HGMs). Pigment resin technology. Investigating the effect of cobalt loading on thermal conductivity and hydrogen storage capacity of hollow glass microspheres (HGMs).Mat.
Ag-Sensitized Yb 3+ Emission in Glass-Ceramics
Introduction
Nevertheless, the limited excitation/absorption bandwidths and small absorption cross sections of RE3+ ions even in co-doped materials are the main limitations for their efficient implementation and use in real devices. According to extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) studies, RE3+ ions tend to be incorporated into ceramic nanocrystals [31], which provides a better spectroscopic environment for RE3+ ions.
Experimental
In this paper, we report the study of the direct interaction between Ag nanoaggregates and Yb3 + rare earth ions in sol-gel silica-zirconia glass ceramic (GC) waveguides. The combination of Ag-mediated enhancement with the advantage of the glass-ceramic material is investigated, suggesting the possibility of exploiting this material for more efficient optical devices.
Results and Discussion
The significant increase in the PL emission was attributed to energy transfer from Ag+-Ag+ pairs and multimers. Study of the energy transfer mechanism in different glasses co-doped with Si nanoaggregates and Er3+ions.Opt.
Alkali Vapor MEMS Cells Technology toward High-Vacuum Self-Pumping MEMS Cell for
MEMS Alkali Vapor Optical Cell Technology
The inner atmosphere of the MEMS structure is contaminated by products of the anodic binding process (O2, CO, CO2, CH4, C2H6), resulting in a vacuum not better than 10−1 mbar. The operating temperature of the MEMS cell should be maintained within the range of 40◦C to 85◦C.
Self-Pumping MEMS Optical Cell for Atomic Spectroscopy
Development of miniature, integrated MEMS cells for atomic spectroscopy required miniaturization and integration of the pumping system, a proper method for introducing alkali atoms, and appropriate assembly processes. Peak contrast (amplitude) depends on temperature and remains comparable to the characteristics of the reference cell.
Summary
Në Proceedings of the 24th European Frequency and Time Forum EFTF, ESA-ESTEC, Noordwijk, Holandë, 13–16 Prill 2010. Rezonatori Microloop-Gap: A Novel Microwave Cavity Miniaturized for Double-Resonance Rubidium Clocks Atomic Clocks.IEEE.
Rapid Laser Manufacturing of Microfluidic Devices from Glass Substrates
Materials and Methods
In the test, deionized (DI) water was injected into the microfluidic device through one of the inlet ports. Fluid flow tests performed for microfluidic devices demonstrated that good sealing of laser-generated microstructures can be achieved using picosecond laser microwelding.
Spray Pyrolysis Technique; High-K Dielectric Films and Luminescent Materials: A Review
Spray Pyrolysis as Materials Synthesis Technique
The choice of the solvent will limit the maximum concentration of the precursor compound in the solution and will determine the best choice for the aerosol generation/transport process and the temperature and rate of synthesis. In the second stage, the aerosol droplet size distribution, determined by the aerosol generation mechanism, will determine the morphological properties of the final material produced, as well as the right range of synthesis temperatures. In general, given an experimental setup, the synthesis parameters that are more relevant are the concentration molarity of the precursor solution, the carrier gas flow rate and the synthesis temperature.
Figure 2 shows a diagram of the different phases that the droplet undergoes as it approaches the heated substrate for two cases a fixed droplet size and velocity, different (increasing from A to D, Figure 2a) substrate temperature and fixed substrate temperature and velocity of different droplet sizes (from 2b, decreasing droplet size D2, Fig.
High-K Dielectric Films
Role of Reagents and Solvents in USP Synthesis of High-K Dielectric Layers. In this case, during the synthesis of Al2O3 thin films, a parallel aerosol stream of water mist was supplied to the aerosol of the Al(acac)3in DMF solution. The high deposition rate of the films led to film thicknesses in the range of 90–130 nm within seconds or minutes.
1 MHz and quasi-static capacitance versus voltage characteristic of the MOS structures were used to determine the density of interface states found in the range of 1011eV−1 cm−2.
Luminescent Materials
As the substrate temperature increased, an increasing PL emission intensity was observed. A quenching of PL emission intensity concentration at values above 1.5 at.% was observed in the films. Doping of the films with Er was achieved by adding erbium acetate (III) to the solution at 1.5% relative to the Y content.
In addition, the green emission intensity at ~2.5 eV was found to increase when the ZnO films were deposited at 320 °C.
Conclusions
The synthesis by spray pyrolysis of ZnS nanoparticles (sub 10 nm) from a single-source precursor was reported in 2009 [140]. Photoluminescence properties of indium-doped zinc oxide films prepared by spray pyrolysis. Thin solid films. Photoluminescence properties of lithium doped zinc oxide films deposited by spray pyrolysis. Thin solid films.
Structural, optical and electrical properties of Yb-doped ZnO thin films prepared by the spray pyrolysis method. J.
About the Implementation of Frequency Conversion Processes in Solar Cell Device Simulations
- Up-Conversion in Solar Cells
- Current Densities and Generation Rate of Cell with Frequency Conversion
- Er 3+ Up-Conversion Term Scheme
- Results and Discussions
- Conclusions
In the context of solar cells, up-conversion is used to absorb sub-bandgap photons from the solar spectrum and convert them into higher-energy photons in the normal absorption region of the solar cell. This allows for the emission of photons with frequencies close to the band gap of the solar cell. In the following we briefly describe the main contributions to the current density generated by a solar cell.
The generation rate Gex,i takes into account the generation of electron-hole pairs in the solar cell from the additional photon flux uxΦex,i.
Luminescent Properties of Eu 3+ -Doped Hybrid SiO 2 -PMMA Material for Photonic Applications
Results
Figure 1 shows the absorption spectra of the six SiO2-PMMA samples examined. It can be observed that the absorption edge was about 350 nm for all samples. The first band represented the most intense absorption and was observable for all doped samples.
The magnetic dipole transition (7F0→5D1) exhibited small intensities and was observed only for the samples doped at 0.75 and 1 mol.
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In contrast, the excitation wavelength of 393 nm was used to excite the Eu3+ ions and induce photoluminescence due to the direct population of the 4f levels. In the inset, an image of the sample's emission with an excitation wavelength of 393 nm can be observed. Color chromaticity of the emission in the 410-760 nm range of the five doped samples below the excitation wavelength at 393 nm.
A red shift in the emission was observed as an increase in the molar ratio of Eu3+.
7LPHPV
Also, undoped and doped samples can act as a hybrid coating as a chemical detector by changing the spectral signature, for example to detect solvents, moisture or proteins. In the emission spectra of the sample, it was possible to observe energy transfer from the SiO2-PMMA matrix to Eu3+ doped with 1 mol %. No damping was found for the emission at the dopant concentrations used, but a decrease in the decay lifetime associated with increasing dopant concentration was observed.
It was attributed to a decrease in the distance between the ions in Eu3+ and associated with the increase in cross-relaxations and non-radiative transitions.
Introduction to Photonics: Principles and the Most Recent Applications of Microstructures
Applications of Photonics
Just as electronics have been widely used since the first transistors were made in 1948, the extraordinary use of photonics is constantly growing. Economically important applications of photonic devices include fiber optic telecommunications, optical data storage, displays, optical pumping of high-power lasers, and laser printing. Manufacturing processes in industry: include the use of lasers in welding, cutting, drilling and many surface modification techniques.
Photonics improves the quality of life; it protects our health, safety and security, drives our economic growth and creates jobs.
Advances in Photonics
Specific areas are communications and information technology, advanced manufacturing, defense, health and medicine, and energy [12,13]. This will also provide significant innovative opportunities for data storage, bio-sensing, optical communication and photolithography [21]. They can also be used to package additional information on storage media such as hard disks or DVDs [24,25].
Mid-IR spectroscopy provides a key tool for biological structure analysis as well as non-intrusive measurements.
Structure, Types, and Applications of Optical Fibers
These fibers are mostly multimode waveguides and can be used for special applications; however, there are many challenges in the fabrication of mid-infrared optical fibers in single-mode construction [35]. Single-mode fibers are associated with a chromatic dispersion that causes pulse spreading due to the different colors of light passing through the fibers at different speeds. These types of fibers have a much wider core diameter compared to single-mode fibers and allow for the higher number of modes.
The numerical aperture of multimode fibers is usually larger than that of single-mode fibers.
Classification of Optical Fiber Sensors
External sensors are those in which the fiber directs the light wave and the interaction between the measured parameter quantity and the light occurs outside the fiber. Oil industries, as well as navies in some countries, use hydrophonic systems. The SMF-28 should be adjusted in such a way that the center of the stripping section is placed at L0/2.
The position of the polisher must be adjusted to make contact between the fiber and the wheel.
Fiber Bragg Grating and Applications
The use of sensors based on Fiber Bragg grating technology has the potential to provide a lasting solution [87]. The oil and gas industry processes in severe situations or space are potential market places that nowadays accept and appreciate the sensors based on Fiber Bragg grating technologies. A significant additional market where Fiber Bragg grating technology has been widely recognized over the years is in structural health monitoring.
The advantage of Fiber Bragg gratings over other sensors is that they allow access to some physical parameters in the material.
Waveguides and Applications
The control and streamlining of the movement of light has been one of the main focus areas of research in the last few decades. Photonic band gaps are characterized by photonic crystals due to the intermittent difference in the refractive index. A variety of high refractive index dielectric sheet materials can be used to fabricate photonic crystal sheets.
A photonic crystal plate based on Si3N4 has been demonstrated to operate in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Conclusions
Fabrication of silicon nitride waveguides for visible light using PECVD: A study of the effect of plasma frequency on optical properties. Opt. Analysis of Light Transmission Ability of Reinforcing Glass Fibers Used in Polymer Composites. Materials. Development of non-contact temperature sensor using anti-fog solution-coated infrared optical fiber.Sci.
Wavelength-switchable passive-mode-locked fiber laser with mechanically exfoliated molybdenum ditelluride on side-polished fiber.Opt.
Multiple Light Coupling and Routing via a
Microspherical Resonator Integrated in a T-Shaped Optical Fiber Configuration System
Experimental Section
Figure 1 shows scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the used MOF and the BaTiO3 microsphere. Furthermore, this three-port optical fiber configuration was characterized with respect to the orientation of the line defined by the MOF core and the BaTiO3 microsphere with the SOFT axis (Figure 3). The coupling between SOFT and the core of the MOF taper in mode A (a) is evident by observing the elimination of clear and sharp resonances, whereas the geometry of mode B (b) allows us to obtain more significant resonances in the scattering spectra.
This influences the excitation conditions of the systems, both through the SOFT and the MOF [25,26].
Laser-Inscribed Glass Microfluidic Device for Non-Mixing Flow of Miscible Solvents
Materials and Methods 1. Methods
The thickness of the molten silicon windows was 1 mm and the buried microfluidic chips were laser inscribed at a depth of 0.5 mm. The suitable structure for the diffusion study in a microfluidic chip is the double Y configuration as shown in Figure 1, which shows optical microscopic images of the device after femtosecond laser irradiation (Figure 1a) and then after chemical etching (Figure 1b). In other words, the diffusion is less pronounced in the shorter chamber, regardless of the pump pressure.
As previously mentioned, diffusion is proportional to the residence time of the interacting fluids in the chamber and thus inversely proportional to the flow rate.
MDPI
