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SO S A N H M O T s d QUY DINH V i HOA GIAI TRONG LINH VUC TU P H A P HINH SU CflA CONG HOA LifiN BANG DtTC VA V I £ T NAM
NGUYSN SON PHUOC B$ mOn Phap lu^lt, TrUcing Cao ding Canh sit NhSn dan II Department of Law, People's Pohce College II Email. [email protected] Tom tat
Bai viit phdn tich va ddnh gid m6t sd quy dinh trong linh vifc tuphdp Hmh stf COng hoa Liin hang Diic vi biinphdp hbagidi, cu thibaogOm: khdi niim, ddi ttipng dp difng, diiu kiin dp dung, thdm quy'in vd thti life dp dung. Trin co sb db, tdcgid so sdnh cp^y dinh vt h'oa gidi trong phdp ludt Diic vbi biinphdp hbagidi taicAngd^ngoOa Viit Nam, di^ngthbi dua ra m^t sdkiin nghi hodn thiin nhang quy dinh vi biinphdp hbagidi tai cbng dbng.
TiJ khoa: hbagidi, hbagidi tai cbng dbng, tuphdp Hinh suDiic, ngu'oi dubi 18 tudi pham tbi Abstract
This paper analyses and evaluates some provisions on mediation in cnmindjustice of the Federal Republic of Germany, related to concepts, objects of appliailion, conditions if application, aulhonty and application procedures. On this basis, the author compares the regulations on mediation in German law with those on community mediation in Vietnam, and makes some specific recommendations for the impovement if the regulations on community mediation.
Keywords: mediation, lommunity mediation, German cnmindjustice, aausedpersons aged below 18 Ngay nhan bai: 01/4/2019 Ngay duyet dtag: 10/6/2019
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oa giai giaa nan nhan va ngudi pham tdi la m6t trnih thiic pho bi^n va lau dbi nhat cUa tU phap phuc hoi. Trong s6 44 quoc gia ciia chiu Au, dac biet la 28 thanh vien aia lien iVlinh chJu Au (EU), COng hoa Lien bang (CHLB) DUc da cd mOt qua ttinh xiy dUng va phat tri& che dinh hoa giai ttt rit lau, cung nhu dat dUOc nhflng hieu qua tt'ch cUc Uii ap dung hoa giai trong tU phap hinh sU.Vdi n6 lUc tang cUdng hieu qua xtt If ngttdi dttdi 18 m6i pham tOi, Bd lult Hlnh SU (BLHS) nam 2015 (stta dd>, bd sung nam 2017) va BO luat To tui« hinh SU (BLTTHS) nam 2015 da bO sung 02 bien phap giam sat, giao due dUdc ap dting trong nnJdng hdp mifa trach nhiem hlnh sU (TISHS) dd
& hoa giai tai cOng d'dng va khifa ttich, ben canh bien phap giao due bji xa, phudng, thi aim vdn da quen thuOc r m cnldc day dUdc quy djnh tai Diiu 70 BLHS nam 1999 nhtt la mdt bien phap ttt phap dttdc ap dung ddi vdi i ^ d i chua thanh nien pham tdi. Chinh vi nhflng quy dinh nay cdn rit mdi nen kho tranh khoi nhflng thieu sdt, gay khd khan ttong thuc tien ap dung Do dd, viec nghien Cliu so sanh nhflng quy dinh ciia mdt nUdc cd kinh r ^ e m lau ddi v i hda giai nhtt CHLB Dttc la rat eta diift, nhSm hgc hoi nhflng diem ueh bd, dbng thdi flm n nhflng hjn che', thieu sdt va dS xuit hudng hoan diita.
\ • _ - /2019 TAP CHI KHOA H Q C PHffPXY VU^i. XN.mvi J O O.^V-^_:
1. Quy dinh vfe hoa giai d Diic
1.1. Khdi niitn hoa gidi u- h tU 6 Di2c, nhang dif an d&u tian vfe hda giai da Ut d^u dUdc tieh f^^
nhctng nam 1984/1985,' d^c biet tap t m i ^ vao dd'i ti(dng la ngiidi pham ^.^
chua thanh nien. Vin de nay da nhanh chdng gay dildc sU chu y, tao nhifeu ludng tranh luan xoay quanh viec nang cao quyfen ldi eda nan cung nhu cac bien phip xtf ly chuydn hudng dd'i vdi ngUdi pham tdi- _ n i m 1990, Luat Tda an ngUdi chua thanh nidn dUdc sda ddi da bd sung cac quy dinh vfe hda giai va chinh thiJc cdng nh$n nd nhU la mdt bien phap xU^ y chuydn hudng dd'i vdi ngudi chua dmih nifen (tif dd 14 deh 18 nidi) p h ^ J d i - Sau dd, hda giai tie'p tuc dUdc bd sung trong BLHS vao nam 1994, BLTT Hb vao nam 1999 d^ ducsc ap dung cho ca i ^ d i thanh men pham tdi. Cung trong nam 1999, Hdi ddng ch^u Au da didng qua Khuyen nghi sd 19 cua Oy ban Bd tnidng cinh cho cac qudc gia thanh vien Hen quan dfen hda giai trong vin dfe hinh sU. Tai lifeu nay da cung co cho md rdng viec ap dung hoa giai trong tU phap hinh si^, dua ra nhong nguyen tac chung, cd sd phap b? cho hda giai, hudng dan vfe each thdc boat ddng cua he didng W phap hinh sU lifen quan dfen hda giai cung nhu cac dich vu hda giai. Khuyfen nghi sd 19 n i m 1999 cua Hdi ddng chiu Au la van ban phap ly mang tinh qudc tfe dau tien lien quan dfen hda giai trong vin de hinh sU, tao difeu kifen cho cac nha ^ m luat d Dlic tifep tuc phat tnfen va hoan thien chfe" dinh hda giai trong tU phap hinh su mdt each thuan Idi hdn. Ngoai ra, toan thu theo Chi thi sd 2008/52/
EC cua Lifen minh chau Au quy dinh vfe mdt s6 khia canh hda giai cac vu vifec dan sU, thudng mai, cac nha lam luSt d Dde cung da hit dau xay dung va ban hanli Luat Hda giai vao nam 2012. Ndi dung cua lu^t nay bao gdm ca nhdng quy dinh chung ve thd tuc hda giai trong nhUng vu an hinh sU, ciing nhu mdt sd tifeu c h u i i bat budc trong vifec dao tao hda giai vifen.
Che' dinh hda giai duoc quy dinh tai Difeu 46a BLHS Dde nam 1998 va Difeu 155a BLTTHS Dde nam 1987 vdi ten goi h Tater-Opfer-Ausgleich (sd hoa giai giUa nan nhan va ngudi pham tdi). Cach dSt tfen nay thfe hifen dUdc ddng ban chat cua hda giai trong tU phap hinh si^, ddng thdi nham de phan biet vdi cac hinh thde hda giai trong linli v\lc khac nhu hda giai gia dinh, hda giai cdng ddng, hda giai tai tda an trong td tung dan sU... Tuy nhifen, ca hai bd luat nay dfeu khdng dUa ra duoc mdt khai nifem chung vfe hda giai. Mai dfe'n nam 2012 khi Luit Hda giai dUdc thdng qua va ban hanh thi khai nifem hda giai mdi dudc giai thich mdt each rd rang. Difeu 1 Dao luat nay quy dinh: "hba gidi id mdt qud tnnh bi mdt vd co edu trtic, trong dd cdc bin cigdng, trin ca sd tu nguyin vdtuchti, dat dupc mdt gidi phdp hba gidi v^ xung ddt ctia hp vdi su hi trp ctia mdt hoac
' Helmut Kury, Annette Kuhlmann, "Mediation in Gennany and other "Western countnes", Knminohgijos studijoSf N o . 04, 2016, p. 12.
'^^J^>. -gaM-^jfiL s ^ . JUD^T T 6 T U N G H I N H SU gj^
nhi^u hbagidi viin".-" Trong do, hda giai vifen la mdt ngudi doc l^p va vd tU, khdng cd quyfen ra quyfet dinh, ngudi hudng dan cac bfen didr^ qua qua trinh hda giai, cdn cac bfen tham gia hda giai chmh la ngUdi pham tdi va nan nhin.
1.2. Ddi tupng dp difng
Difeu 46a BLHS Dde quy djnh Tda an ed dife xem xet dfe giam nhe T N H S eho ngudi pham tdi hojc mifen T N H S nfe'u hinh phat phai chiu it hdn mdt nam tCi ho5c phat tifen dudi 360 ddn vi diu nhap n^y,^ dd'i vdi mdt trong hai tnidng hdp sau: (1) ngUdi pham tdi da c6 gdng dfe dat dude su hda giai vdi ngudi bi hai va da bdi thudng d^y dd hoac phan ldn vfe hanh vi pham tdi eda minh, hoac da ed g ^ g bdi thudng mdt each nghifem tuc; (2) ngUdi pham tdi da bdi thudng dSy du hoae ph^n ldn eho ngudi bi hgi theo yfeu c'au hoac do sU tx^ nguyfen eda ca nhan ngudi pham tdi.
Ngoai ra, khi quy dirii nhOng nguyfen tac ket an, khoan 2 Difeu 46 BLHS Dde yfeu c^u Tda an ludn phai xem xet nhang dnh rifet cd loi eho ngUdi pham tdi trUdc khi kfet an. Mdt t r o i ^ nhOng linh tifet dd ^ sii cd gdng eda ngUdi pham tdi trong vifec h u d i ^ dfen hda giai vdi ngn nhan. Difeu 155a BLTTHS Dde cOng quy dyih Tda an va cd quan cdng td phai xem xet dfe ap dung hda giai trong mgi giai doan eda qua trinh TTHS.
Tii nhdng quy dinh trfen cho th%^ eae difeu luit ^ nhu khdng hfe gidi ban dd'i tUdng dUdc ap dung hda giai. Mifen la ngudi pham tdi thda man nhUng difeu kifen can thife't thi sfe dUdc xem xet dfe ap dung hda giai, khdng phin biet ngUdi pham tdi la ngUdi chUa thanh nifen hay da thanh nifen, hanh vi phgm tdi %. it nghifem trpng hay dac bifet nghifem trong.
1.3. Diiu kiin dp difng
Ca BLHS va BLTTHS Dde dfeu khdng quy dinh cy dife nhUng difeu kifen dfe ap dung hda giai. Tuy nhifen, can cd theo quy dinh tai Dieu 46 va Difeu 46a BLHS Dde thi mdt npi dung ma Tda an ludn phai xem xet khi ap d m ^ hda giai chinh la sU cd gang eda i : ^ d i pham tdi trong viec hda giai vdi nan nhin. Quy dinh ray cOng da gian tifep cho thay mdt difeu kifen bat budc dfe cd thfe ap dung hda giai dd chiiih la su ehu ddng hda giai tti phia ngUdi pham tdi. Bfen canh dd, Difeu 155a BLTTHS Dde edn quy dinh i ^ g vifee hda giai se khdng dUde chap nhan nfe'u di ngUdc lai vdi y chi eda ngUdi bi hai.
Nhu viy, td nhOng quy dinh trfen cho th^y hda giai chi cd the dUde xem xet dfe ap dung khi thda man hai difeu kifen sau: (1) su ehd ddng tham gia hda giai eda ngUdi phgm tdi; (2) si^ ddng y tham gia hda giai eda ngddi bi hai.
' Nguyen ban ti&g Anh: "Mediation is a confidential and structured process in which the parties strive, on a voluntary basis and autonomously, to achieve an amicable resolution of their conflict with the assistance of one or more mediators", https://www.gesetze-im-intemet.de/engBsch_mediatioiisg/
englisch_niedianonsg.html, tmy cip ngay 30/5/2019.
3 Theo Di^u 40 BLHS DiJc, hinh phjt ti&n sfi duQc tuyen theo dOn vi thu nhap ngay, dutjc tfnh dvJa tren thu nh|.p thyc ma ngKCSi ph^m t<>i co hoic le ra co tmng binh m6i ngay, MUc tha'p nh^t ciia in<tt dOn vl thu nhap ngay la m6t Euro va miJc cao nhdft la ba mUOi nghin Euro.
TAP c m KHOA H Q C P H H P X Y ^ V l t l INAJW Q*^ »^^^^^
i.4. T7i4m quyin, thti tuc dp difug
T H m quyfen ap dung bifen phap bda giai diudc vfe Tda an ^^ "^"^^ ^^
edr^ td. Theo quy dinh tai Difeu 155a, trong trUdng hpp mdt vy an da dat^ ^ nhUng difeu kifen dfe ap dung hda giai thi tda an va cd quan cdng td co nhifem phai chuyfen nhUng vu an thich bdp di hda giai, phai thdng bao nan nhan va ngddi hi hgi bifet vfe kha ning dUdc ap dung hda giai eda hp.
- TrUdr^ hpp hda giai trUdc khi khdi td , • ud Khoan 1 Difeu 153a BLTTHS Dde quy dinh cd quan cdng td co tii mifen truy td ddi v6i nhUng trudng hdp pham tdi it nghifem trong'' vdi sU dong y eda Tda an va ngudi pham tdi, ddng didi ra quyfet dinh ap dung hoa giai doi vdi i ^ d i phgm tdi. Thdi han ap dung hda giai sfe do cd quan cdr^ td quyet dinh trong pham vi td'i da la 6 diang. Cd quan c d i ^ td eung cd quyen buy bd quyfet djnh ap dung hda giai, thay ddi ndi dung hda giai vdi sd ddng y eua ngudi pham tdi va gia ban ap dung hda giai mdt lan duy nhat vdi di5i gian tdi da la 3 tiiang. Nfeu ngUdi ph^m tOi hda giai dianh cdng, thi tdi pham se khdng bi tmy td. Nfeu ngUdi pham tdi khdng hda giai d^nh edng, anh ta se khdng dUdc dfen bu bat cd difeu ^ Hfen quan dfen viec thUc hifen hda giai.
Khoan 2 Difeu 45 Luat Tda an ngudi chua thanh nifen Dde nam 1974 cung quy dinh ed quan cdng td cd thfe mifen xem xet dfe tmy td ne'u r ^ d i phgm tdi chUa tiianh nien ed gang hda giai vdi ngn nhan. Thd tac ap dyng CUng todng tu nhU dd'i vdi ngudi pham tdi da thanh nifen.
- TrUdng hdp hda giai sau khi khdi td
Khoan 2 Difeu 153a BLTTHS Dde quy dinh Tda an, vdi sU ddng -f eda Cd quan cdng td va bi can, cd thfe tam dinh chi thd tue td tung cho dfen khi kfe't thdc phien xd chinh ma d dd cac tinh ti^t se dUdc kifem tra lin eudi, ddng thdi ra quyfe't dinh ap dung hda giai ddi vdi ngUdi pham tdi. Thdi ban tgm Stnh chi sfe tUdng dUdng vdi thdi hgn ap dung hda giai theo quy dinh tai khoan 1.
Ngoai ra, dfe phuc vu muc dich eda vifee hda giai, Difeu 155b edn quy dinh cd quan edng td va Tda an cd the chuyfen toan bd thdng tin, du lifeu ca nhan c ^ thifet cua vu an eho cac bfen tiiUc hifen hda giai (ching hgn nhu hda giai vifen).
Khoan 1 Difeu 47 Luat Tda an ngudi ehua thanli nifen Dde nam 1974 cung quy dinh Tda an cd the xem xet tam dinh chi thu Uic td tung, vdi sd ddng y eda ed quan cdng td, nfeu ngUdi pham tdi ehua thanh nifen ed gang hda giai vdi nan nhan. Thd Uic ap dung cung todng ni nhu ddi vdi ngudi pham tdi da thanh nifen.
Nhu vay, hda giai 6 Dde cd the dUde ap dung d b^t ky giai doan nao cua qua trinh td tung hinh sU. Tda an va ed quan edng td cd thfe xem xet ap dung hda giai trUdc khi khdi td nhU ^ mdt Vdnh didc xd ly chuyfen hudng, hoae '' Theo quy dinh tai DiGu 12 BLHS DiJc, tOi pham it nghiem trong la cac hanh vi trai
phap luat vdi m^c hinh phat thap hOn m0t nam tii hoac phat tiSn.
: T 6 TUNG HINH SU
ngay sau khi khdi tfl. NgiiSi pham Mi co thi duoc xem xet di ap dung hba giai til tnidc khi bi bdt di thay thtf vide giam gifl, hojc ngay trong qua trinh giam gin nia ho sSn sang hoa giai vdi ngudi bi hai.
2. Q u y dinh v i hoa giai tai cdng ddng ddi vdi ngudi dudi 18 tudi ph^m toi dudc m i i n trach n h i e m hinh sti ciia Viet N a m
Hoa giai tai c d i ^ ddng la mdt trong nhung bien phap giam sat, giao due duoe ap dung ddi vdi ngudi dudi 18 tudi pham tdi trong tmdng hop ho dUdc mifa T N H S , dude quy dmh tai Diiu 94 BLHS nita 2015 (sda ddi, bd sung nSm 2017) va D i i u 428 BLTTHS nam 2015. Day la mdt quy dinh mdi ciia phap lu4t hinh sut nudc ta, hoan toim phii hdp vdi cac diiu udc qudc t i cQng nhu thi hiin sU d i n bd, nhJn van, mang tHih giao due ttong nguyin tSc xil hf T N H S ddi vdi ngudi dudi 18 todi pham tdi. Tuy nhiin, chiiih vi hoa gidi tji cdng ddng la mdt quy dinh mdi n i n khdng khd tranh khdi mot sd thiiu sdt, g4y khd khan v i mjt thUc tiin ap dung ddi vdi cae cd quan tiin hanh td tung.
2.1. £)d? tupttg dp dtfng
Can ciJ theo quy dmh tai Diiu 94 BLHS nam 2015 (stia ddi, bd sung nam 2017) thi bien phap hda giai tai cdng ddng duoc ap dung dd'i vdi ngtidi dudi 18 todi pham tdi trong nhflng tmdng hop sau dAy:
- NgUdi to dli 16 mdi d^n dfldi 18 tudi pham tdi it nghiim ttong hoac pham tdi r^;hiim ttong;
- NgUdi tfl dli 14 mdi d i n dfldi 16 todi pham tdi riit nghiim ttgng quy dinh tai diim b khoan 2 Dieu 91 eua BLHS.
N h d m ddi todng ap dung biin phap hda giai tai cdng d d i ^ cd p h ^ todng ddng vdi nhdm ddi Mdng ap dung biin phap khien trach vi dd todi.^
Tuy nhiin, n i u xit v i pham vi thi nhdm ddi todng nay rdng hdn vi ap dung ca ddi vdi midng hdp pham tdi nghiim ttong va r^^t nghiim ttong. Bin canh dd, niu nhfl biin phap khiin trach chi ap dung ddi vdi ngfldi pham tdi Ian dau it nghiim ttong thi biin phap hda giai tai cdng ddng khdng phan biit pham tdi ^ dau hay khdng, r m chi can pham tdi it nghiim ttong la dfldc,
2.2. Diiu kiin dp difng
Hda giai tai cdng ddng la mdt ttong ba biin phap giam sat, giao due ap dung ttoi^ trfldng hdp dfldc mien T N H S quy dinh tai Chfldng XII eiia BLHS nSm 2015 (sila ddi, bd Sflng nam 2017). Do dd, d i dfldc ap dung biin phap hda giai tai cdng ddng, mldc n i n ngfldi dilOe ap dung phii thda man diiu kiin ap dung chung efla cac biin phap giam sat, giao due quy dinh tai DiSu 92 BLHS nam 2015 (sfla ddi, b6 sung nam 2017) va dieu kiin ap dung biin phap hda giai tai edng ddng quy dinh tai Diiu 94 BLHS nam 2015 (sila ddi, bd sung nam 2017).
Klioan 1 Ditu 93 BLHS n i m 2015 (sla d6i, h6 sung n i m 2017).
64 TAP c m KHOA HQC PHAPXYAOgT JNAiw a*^ Q^V-^J^^L- Theo quy dinh eda hai difeu luat trdn thi ngUdi pham tdi cd die dd^ c xem xet d^ dUdc ap dung bifin phap hda giai tai edng ddng khi dioa ma nhung diBu kifen sau: (1) ngUdi phgm tdi dUde miM TNHS; (2) ngddi p h ^ tdi hoae ngudi dai difen hdp phap eua hp ddng y vdi viee ap dung; (3) ngU ^ bi hai hoae ngUdi dai difen hdp phap eda ngUdi bi hai da tU nguyfen hoa gi va dfe nghi mifen T N H S .
2.3. Thdm quyin dp difng , ^ Tdy diude vao vu an dUdc giai quyfet dfen giai doan td tung nao ma diam quyfen ap dung bifen phap hda giai tai cdng ddng thudc vfe cd quan " ^ ^ ^ J ^ Vifen kifem sat hoac Tda an. Theo quy dinh tai khoan 1 Difeu 428 BLTTHS nam 2015 thi Thd drfdng, Phd Tbd tnidng cd quan dieu tra, Vifen trddng, Phd Vien tnidng Vifen kifem sat, Hdi ddng xet xd ed quyfen quye't dinh ap dung bifen phap hoa giai t^ cdng ddng khi xet diay cd dd difeu kifen ap dung bifen phap hda giai tai edng ddng theo quy dinh eda BLHS. Ngoai ra, khoan 2 Dieu 94 BLHS nSm 2015 (sda ddi, bd sung nam 2017) cOng quy dinh cd quan difeu tra, Vifen kifem sat, Tda an phdi hdp vdi ti y ban nhan dan cap xa td ehde vifec hda giai tai cdng ddng khi ngUdi hi hai hoac ngddi dai difen hdp phap cua ngUdi bi hai da tu nguyen hda giai va de nghj mifen T N H S .
2.4. Thti life dp difng
Tbd tue ap dung bifen phap hda giai tai edng ddng dUdc quy dinh tai Difeu 428 BLTTHS nam 2015. Theo difem g khoan 5 Difeu 428 khi kfe't dide hda giai, ngudi bi hai, ngddi dai difen eda ho cd thfe dfe n ^ mifen T N H S eho ngudi pham tdi. Difeu nay gian tiep cho thay bien phap hda giai tgi edng d d i ^ dude ap dung trUde khi ngudi pham tdi dudc mifen TNHS. Trong khi dd, khoan 2 Difeu 94 BLHS nam 2015 (sda ddi, bd sung nam 2017) lai quy dinh vifec hda giai tgi cdng ddng chi dUde td ehde thue hifen khi ngUdi bi, hai hoae ngudi dai difen hdp phap da tU nguyfen hda giai va dfe nghi mien T N H S . NhU viy, quy dinh gifla hai difeu luat van edn ehua thdng nhat.
Ngoai ra, BLTTHS nam 2015 eflng chUa quy dinh rd vfe thdi ban ap dung bien phap hda giai tai cdng ddng, each thde xd ly tifep tiieo trong trUdng hdp hda giai khdng tlKinh cdng hoae cac bfen khdng thue hifen, thuc hifen khdng ddng nhUng thda thuan dat dUdc khi ke't thde hda giai.
3. So sanh quy dinh vfe hda giai trong phap luat Dutc va Viet N a m Trfen ed sd nghifen edu nhflng quy dinh cua CHLB Dde vfe boa giai cung nhu ddi chifeu so sanh vdi nhflng quy dinh eda phap lu^t Vifet Nam, tae gia xin rdt ra mot sd nhan xet nhu sau:
Thti nhit, v'i dii tupng dp dung, d Dde, ehfe dinh hda giai ed thfe dudc xem xet dfe ap dung cho ea ngUdi ehua thanh nifen lan ngUdi da thanh nien pham tdi. Cae nha lam luat d Dde cung khdng he gidi ban pham vi ap dung hda giai, ehfe dinh nay cd the dUde ap dung cho g'an nhu ta't ea moi hanh vi
aji^.5""^ii i i u ^ t i a v . LU^T T 6 TUNG HINH SU 65 pham tdi, k i ca nhflng tdi pham nghiim ttong va dac biit nghiim ttor^.
Trong khi dd, theo quy dinh tai D i i u 94 BLHS nam 2015 (sfla ddi, bd sung nam 2017) thi hda giai tai cdng ddng chi dUdc ap dung dd'i vdi ngfldi dildi 18 todi pham tdi ttong nhflng tmdng hdp nhat dinh. Diiu nay cho thay Viit N a m cdn kha khat khe va e de ttong viic quy dinh ddi todng ap dung biin phap hda giai tai cOng ddng.
Thii hai, vi diiu kiin dp dung, phap luat Viit Nam va Dflc difl cd diim chung khi quy dinh diiu kiin bdt budc d i ap dung hda giai la phai cd dfldc sfl ddng f ciia ca hai phia ngfldi pham tdi 1 ^ ngfldi hi hai. Tuy nhito, can cfl theo D i i u 92 BLHS nam 2015 (sfla ddi, bd sung nam 2017) thi ngudi pham tdi chi dfldc ap dung hda giai khi da dUdc miin TNHS. Quy dinh nay ed pMn trai ngfldc vdi quy dinh efla Dflc vi BLHS efla Dflc quy dinh hda giai h mOt diiu kiin d i ngudi pham tdi cd thi dfldc miin hoac giam TNHS.
Thii ba, vi thdm quy'in dp dung, cd thi thiy ring d Dflc canh sat hoan loan khdng cd quyin ap diing hda giai, bdi theo quy dinh efla Dflc thi ehi cd Tda an va cd quan cdng td mdi ed diim quyin ip dung biin phap nay. Trong khi dd d Viit Nam, diam quyin ap dung biin phap hda giai tai cdng ddng thude vi ea cd quan diiu tra. Vita k i i m sat Un Tba an.
Thii tu, vi thi tuc dp dmg, A Dflc, hda giai cd dii dude xem xet d i ap d m ^ d bat k5' giai doan nao efla qua ttinh td mng hinh sfl, ngay tai phiin tda xit xfl hoac sau khi kit an. 6 Viit Nam, biin phap hda giai tai edng ddng chi cd dli dfldc ap dung ttoi^ trudng hop ngUdi pham tdi da duoc miin TNHS khi tiin hinh diiu ta, ttuy td, xet xfl. Diiu dd ddng nghia vdi viic hda giai tai cdng ddng chi ed t h i ip dling sau khi da khdi td vu an vi khdi td hi can. B i n canh dd, BLTTHS Dflc cdn quy dinh cu dii thdi han ip dung vi gia ban hda giai, ttong khi eae nha lim luit d Viet N a m vin chfla di cip ndi dung n i y 4. Mot sd k i f c n g h i
Trin cd sd nhflr^ v i n d i da dfldc phin tich vi danh gii, di hoan tlnin hdn nOa ndi dung quy dinh v i biin phip hda giii tji cdng ddng, tie gia manh dan di xuit mdt sd kiin nghi cu t h i nhu sau:
Thii nhdt, xem xet xda bd i i u kien miin T N H S khi ip dung biin phap hda giai tai cdng ddng cho ngfldi dfldi 18 mdi. Bdi le dieo quy dinh tai khoan 3 Diiu 29 BLHS n i m 2015 (sfla ddi, b i sung nam 2017) dii kit qua cua viic ap dung biin phap hda giai tai cdng ddng se li mOt can cfl de xem xet viec imldi pham tdi cd dfldc miin T N H S hay khdng Ngfldi pham tdi chi dfldc miin TNHS khi hda giai thanh cdng va dfldc ngfldi bl hai ho Jc ngfldi dai diin cia r ^ S i bi hai d i ngjil miin T N H S . Trong ttUdng hdp da ap dung biin phap hda giai tai edng ddng nhflng n i u kit qna hda giai a i o j | AaiJi cdng thi ngfldi p h i m tdi eflng se khdng dfldc xem xet di n u t a TNHS. Viic xda bd diiu kita nay cong gidi quyit duoc sil thiiu didng nhat ttong nOi dung
- - _ . , i)/2019 6 6 TAP CHI KHOA H O C PHgFTTT v l c i i - J " " -" —j '.
efla D i i u 428 BLTTHS nam 2015 va Diiu 94 BLHS n i m 2015 (siJa ddi, sung n i m 2017) nhu da phan ach d ttin Do dd, chi cin quy dinh vi?c giai tai edng ddng si dfldc ip dung n i u thda man hai diiu kiin la co sfl ^^
y efla ngudi pham tdi v i su to nguyin hda giai efla ngfldi bl hai hoac gu dai diin hop phip cua ngudi bi hai. _ -- Thit hai, ttao diam quyin quyit dinh vice ip dung biin phap oa ^ ^ tai cdng ddng eho Chinh in, Phd Chanh an Tda an vi Tham P^^IJ; „ , , phiin tda. N i u nhu BLTTHS n i m 2015 da cho phep Thil midng, Pho tnidng ed quan dieu ia. Vita midng, Phd Viin midng Vien kiim sat cac c p cd quyin quyit dmh ap dung biin phap nay dii khdng cd ly do ^ ¥ khdng cho phip Chanh in, Phd Chinh an Tda an dUdc quyen ap dung. Ching «*"
nhfl ttong giai doan chuin bi xet xil sd tham, niii Toa an nhan diay co du diiu kiin d i ip dung biin phip hda giai tai cdng ddng tU Chanh an, Pho Chanh an Tda an se la nhflng chfl thi ra quyit dinh ap dung biin phap my.
Ngay ca Thim phin chu toa phiin tda cung n i n dudc ttao quyin niy, boi le
"Thdm phdn chd toa phiin tba cung Co quyin tu minh ra mit si quyin quyet dmh td tung digidi quyit vu dn khi chudn bi xet xd".^
Thi ba, cin bd sung nhflng quy dinh v i ttinh tfl, difl Wc ap dyng biin phip hda giai tai cdng ddng, ching han nhfl v i thdi ban ap dyng, cich diflc xfl ly ttong ttatdng hdp hda giai khdng thanh cdng, cic b i n khdng thflc hiin hda giai hoac diflc hita khdng dung nhflng dida diuan dat dfldc khi kit diflc hda giai. Ching han, "dn quy dinh ro trong tnl'ang hap hbagidi tni cdng ding khdng dot dugc thoa thudn giUa cdc bin thi phdi sU dung thi tuc tdtung truyin thing digidi quyit vu dn":' Ddng didi, cac nha lam IflJt cflng n i n qny dinh nhflng cd c h i d i dam baothuchienkit qua hda giai d i h a n c h i n h o n g t m d n g h d p n i u ttin.
Ngoii ra, cic cO quan cd diim quyin can phd'i hdp ban hanh cic v i n ban hudng din ehi flit v i viic thi hinh biin phip hda giai tai cdng ddng, d i nhCng quy dinh vi hda giii tai c d i ^ ddng cd t h i dfldc ap dimg mdt each dflng dan, phat huy dfldc Ohh flu viit efla biin phip nay ttong thflc din. • Tai li^u tham khao
[1] Le Huynh Tail Duy, "Hoan thien quy djnh ciia B$ luac Td ning hinh sii nam 2015 ve cac bien phap giam sac, giao due nguOi dudi 18 Cudi crfin cd sd hudng diin ciia Lien hdp qudc vfe cu phap phuc hbi", Tap chi Khaa h^cphap ly, sd 06, 2017 [Cians. L^ Huynh Tan Duy, "CompleUiig che provisions of die 2015 Criminal Procedure Code on measures co supervise and educaCe people under 18 years old on che basis of che Uniced Nations guidelmes on cehabihcation". Legal Saeiuesjmtmai. No. 6, 2017]
[2] Helmuc Kucy, Annecce Kuhhnann, "Mediacion m Germany and ocher WesCem councnes", Knmimlagijo^ itadijoi, No. 04, 2016
Le Huynh Tan Duy, "Hoan Chien quy djnh ciia Bd luSc T d tyng hinh sy nam 2015 ve c bien phap giam saC, gicio due ngUdi dudi 18 cudi Cren cO sd hudng din ciia Lien hop qudc • CU phap phyc hbi". Tap chi Khoa hoc phdp If. sd 06, 2017.
Le Huynh T i n Duy, lUd, Cr.42.