Journal of Science of Haiphong University | Voi. 04, No. 19, pp. 68 - 79
SDC HAP DAN CUA RONC NA-UY
(H. MURAKAI^I) Tfl COC N H I N TRAN THUAT
Nguyen Tlij Ninh', Nguyen Cong H o a n g "
Tdm tat Riing Na-uy dd din vdi dde gid Viet Nam mot H. Murakami dflde bilt din Id mdt nhd cdch tfl nhiin va hap ddn nhd mdt hdi thd la.
van dddng dai Nhdt Ban cd tam anh hddng ^ dd, ddu an phddng Tay pha lan trdm tich sau rdng. mot trong nhflng gipng ndi hap dan van hod phfldng Ddng eua Nhdt Ban. Sd u sdu nhat tren van dan qude tl. Vdi chdt van hien ngpt ngdo giang mae diu nhe va tham thia. di dai, "thang bang" ma gay nghien, edc tdc sau vao Idng ngddi, cham din ddy cung cua pham eua H.Murakami nhanh chdng ddpc "hflng rung ddng tinh vi. Li thu. cudn hflt va dich ra nhieu thfl tieng, cd mgit d khap cdc ml hoae, RM"M^ Na-u^ gidng nhfl bai hat budn ehdu lue. Trong do, RUng Na-uy dfldc xem la vl tam trang cfla nhflng ngddi tre hidi trong mdt hien tddng van hoa ki la da chinh phuc ™pt xa hdi no du vat ehat nhdng thilu vang trilu trilu trdi tim ban dpc, dae bilt Id ddc gid cac gid tri tinh thdn du sflc manh dl hdn gan tre trln toan cau. Vdi sfle hap dan efla minh, nhflng tdn thddng. Moi trang sach dIu phap Riing Na-uy da dem den mdt lan gid mdi, gdp phdng hdi thd am ndng eua cudc ddi, cua tudi phan ldm thay ddi dien mao efla nen van hpc tre, eua khat khao ylu va sdng manh li^t, tran thuan tuy A Ddng d l dda van hpe Nhat Ban day. 6 dd, ndi dau hod cflng nilm hanh phiic xieh lai gan hdn vdi cac nIn vdn hpe the gidi. vdi flde vpng td do, thanh thdc... ddy tinh thSn NhQng ai dd tflng sdng, tflng ylu, tflng hanh nhdn ban cua con ngddi. 6 do, ndi ed ddn tien phflc. kho dau vd cam thay mhih khilm dinh hoa ciing ndi u uan vdi nhu cdu gidi toa khuylt thi deu cd thi tim thay nhflng mdnh "hd sfl vfldt thodt khdi ap Idc cang thang cfla ghep ddng dilu efla tam hdn minh ndi tde eude sdng ddi thfldng... Tat ca ddpc thi hien pham. Bai vilt gidi ma phdn ndo mpt trong bdi Idi tran thudt gian di, td nhien ma sdu nhflng an sd gdp phan lam nln sflc hap c^n tham. Khdng cau ki, khdng nhilu thu thudt, cua tac pham - nghe thudt tran thu|t. cflng khdng tnic trac, hoc bfla, nhflng chinh
TUkhod: RUngNa-uy, Murakami, tran thudt... ^^ 8'^" ^ ' ^ "^*^" ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^ ^ ' ^ ^ ^^'^
phdm di sau vao ldng ngddi nhd nhflng tieng tri dm bau ban, gan gui, thau hieu va cham Ddde ylu thich bdi cdi "duyen ngam" day ,v . , . , . . ^ r, ^ • ^i x £•
° ' den day cung cua nhdng dn dc kin dao. Loi tran thudt nay khien tae phdm gidng nhfl mot ban nhac Jazz ed diln nhe nhang, nhieu thanh 1. Mddau
ndi Idc va mdt gipng vdn khdng che day, pha Iln sfl tham sdu hdm hinh, H. Murakami vd
» Tc M, XT -. - . r,. „ .. am vd eung bdc.
TS., BChoa Ngfl van va Dia li; CN., Khoa NgQ van va Dia li.
6 8 •"•"UONG DAI HQC H A I P H O N G
Nguyen Thj Ninh, Nguyen Cong Hoang
2. Noi dung
Ndi tdi nghe thudt tran thudt cfla Riing Na-uy cd ve hdi vdpt qud ngddng gian di cua tae phdm ndy. Bdi cai gian di cfla nd da vdpt trln "nhflng lam dang ed ban chat kl thudt (...) de chi bdi hdi k l lai nhflng gi dang tudn trdo tfl sau tham cdi long minh" [1]. Nhflng gidn di nhfl khdng cung Id pham ehdt cfla nghe thudt da dat tren tdm cao cfla mpi thfl thudt, chieu trd.
Khdng ngddi tran thuat hoa mi, khdng bd cue rddm ra, eflng khdng danh Ifla ngfldi dpe bang nhflng biln ehuyin dot ngpt, fl tim, Riing Na-uy hfldng den ve dep tfl nhien cua cudc sdng ddi thfldng. Tat ca nhflng gi cd thi ndi vl RUng Na-uy deu nam gpn trong nhflng chfl: gidn di, nhe nhdng, tfl nhiin vd tham thia, ddi khi hdm hinh mdt cdeh rdt cd duyln. Vdy thdi, nhdng nd da trd thdnh cudn sach bdu ban cua mudn t h i hi. Tdt ca nhflng ngddi d dd tudi khdc nhau deu cd the tim thdy nhip ddp dong dilu cua trdi tim minh ndi tde pham, D^c biet, vdi nhflng ngfldi d dp tudi thanh xuan thi Riing Na-uy ehinh la tieng long thdn thflc, ndi budn dau ngpt ngdo, Id khat khao ehay bdng, hanh phuc dang kiem tim hay ddc md chda thdnh hien thdc...
Den vdi RUng Na-uy, mdi ngddi dpe deu cd nhflng cam nhdn khac nhau. Nhdng Riing Na-uy se cudn hut bat efl ai bdi mdt Idi cau tfl tinh te va nhflng trang vdn td sd chan that, thdm ddm ehSt thd. Tdc pham Idm ban dpc rung len ndi budn nhi nhe ma lim sau. Nd gdi nhd ve nhflng thdng ngay thanh xudn bat diet
mdt di khdng trd lai. Cung vdi dd Id sfl dam me, gap gap cfla ai tinh tudi tre, noi flu tfl va cd ddn nhd mot dinh menh cua eude ddi. Di cflng vdi nhflng ddng cam xue dm ndng ay Id xd hdi Nh^t Ban nhflng nam 60 cua thi ki XX dflpe tdi hi|n chan thdc. Xa hdi dy dd sinh ra mdt the he thanh niln nhilu bdt dn, ddc biet Id trong the gidi tinh thdn. Klo theo dd Id loi sdng bode budng tha, hoae khep minh, hoae thd d, sdi ndi hay ndng chay... nhdng deu chung khdt khao tim vl ban nga.
O ddy, chflng tdi chfl y den ba phddng dien tran thuat cua tac phdm: ngddi trdn thuat, dilm nhin trSn thuat va gipng dieu tran thuat.
2.1. NgUdi trdn thuat hddng noi va dong ythdc
Nhdn vdt trong RUng Na-uy, tdt thay dIu cd ddi sdng ndi tdm phong phu, nhieu dam ml vd cd nhu cdu bung nd nhdng lai sdng khep kin vdi eupc ddi. Tae pham vl t h i mang dang dap efla mdt tde pham td truyin vdi ngddi tran thuat hfldng ndi ludn chim vao t h i gidi ndi tam sau tham dl trdi nghiim nhflng suy tfl, lo au, ban khoan, cam nhdn ve chinh minh, vl ban be, ve the gidi, eon ngddi va eude sdng da qua cung mdt thdi tudi tre.
Vdi ngfldi kl chuyin ndy, tae pham nhfl mdt ddng hdi flc xudi chay tfl qua khfl din hiin tai, vfla menh mang, chdi vdi, vfla gan gui, sang rd nhfl ehinh nhdn vdt dang sdng lai thdi khac ay.
Can chuyin ddde md ra trong hdi flc cua Toru Watanabe vl mdi tinh ddu 20 nam trddc, trong mdt khoanh khae bflng sdng cua
TAP CHf KHOA HOC Vol 04, No. 19 - 11/2016 6 9
Silc hap dan cOa H^g Na-uy {H. Murakami) ttf gdc nhin Iran thuat
mdt giai dilu ed tin Riing Na-uy tren ehuyin bay tdi nddc Dflc. Bdt giac lang ngddi, kl flc dao dat fla vl, tudn ehay den chdng mat, dfla anh trd lai mien thanh xudn xa vdi. Ngay lap tflc. ddc gid bi euon vao edu ehuy?n tinh ylu tay ba efla Naoko - Toru - Midori Dd la chuyen tinh dep, budn thfldng, khiu gpi vd hai hddc, mdt vlt thddng nhe nhdng nhdng dau ddn ndi trdi tim nhflng cd eau tri thfle tre Nhat Bdn.
Vdi Wantanabe, Naoko vd Kizuki Id tdm diem efla nhflng ddng hdi flc ddu ddi. Sfl kiln dau tien trong ddng hdi flc ay la cupe dao ehdi cfla anh cung Naoko trong mpt budi ehilu thdng Mddi, khi Toru din tham Naoko d trai dieu dddng. Sau mddi tdm ndm, Id flc ro net da "kieh ddng mdt cho ndo dd trong tdm tri"
cua Toru, khdng dau ddn nhflng keo theo sfl ehuyin dpng cfla hang loat cde sfl kien, biln ed khae ma anh tiing trai.
Ki flc sdng ddy manh lilt dda Toru trd vl sd kiln Kizuki td tfl trong dim sinh nhdt trdn mfldi bay tudi. Cdi chit cfla ngddi ban thdn nhat da thay ddi sau sac nhan thflc efla Toru.
Dd Id dieu dddng nhfl vflpt qua ngddng tudi tre ciia cau, rang: "Cdi ehet la cd thflc. Nd khdng phai la ddi nghich cua cupe sdng, md la mdt phan efla cupe sdng" [2. tr.64]. Anh yeu Naoko, ban gdi cfla ngddi ban than nhat dd chit, nhfl mdt edch tim lai thdi gian da mat, cung nhfl mdt each de lang quen qua khfl u sdu. Cai each hp di bd ngdy thdng ben nhau trln khap cdc neo dfldng ngoan ngoeo cua Tokyo, nhdm thang ve phia trfldc gidng nhfl mdt nghi le tdn giao, mdt phddng thude ehfla
lanh ddi linh hdn tudi tri da sdm phdi gdnh ehiu nhflng tdn thfldng. Nhflng cd gai nhay cam Naoko da khdng bao gid ehfla lanh dddc nhflng vlt thfldng ldng cua tudi tre. Cd phai bd hpc, vao sdng d mdt khu dieu dfldng tren mii cao. Toru quang qudt vdi nhflng thang nam budn bd, nghi suy, nhflng mdi quan he ludn cd xu hddng lam tha hoa con ngddi.
Kizuki mat di, mdt phan eon ngddi Naoko va Wantanabe cflng bi keo tut xudng cai gilng ddng sdu tham, den ngdm va khdng ddy. Ca hai cflng gidng nhd tod nha bi nit di nhflng vien dd mdng vd hp tim den nhau nhd mgt dieu tat yeu. Nhflng ngay ed khi tinh yeu nay nd, hp van khdng the hanh phflc bdi sfl gam nham khdng ngflng efla qua khfl dau thfldng.
Sfl ra di bat ngd eua Kizuki vd tinh da khdi ddng nhflng mdnh gd domino trong sau tham tam hdn Naoko. Khi mdt manh da nghiing se keo theo &d sup dd eua nhflng manh khac. Trddc tiin, dd chi la nhflng tdm trang budn dau, hut hang khiln Naoko phai khep minh vdi mpi ngfldi. Sau. sd chao dao qua mflc bude ed phdi tfl bd thfle tai va ca mang sdng cua minh. Cd gidng nhfl ngon den lay lat dang chdy nhflng doan bae cuoi cflng va chd dpi ngay tan thanh tro bui. Cd ra di trong eanh rflng sau tham, dm u nhfl ehinh edi ldng cd vdy.
Cdn Wantanabe ludn edm thdy ed mot man sfldng md ao khien anh khdng the cham tdi ndng. Anh da sa chan vao mdt dam lay mdi khi lac bfldc vao tinh yeu cflng nang. Sd kien Naoko td van tilp tue gay chan ddng tdm hdn anh. Cdm giac budn dau khdng ehiu ndi ngay
7 0 TRI/ONG OAI HOC HAI PHdNG
Nguyen Thi Ninh, Nguyen Cong Hoang
edng bdp nghet trai tim anh non tre trong minh mang hdi flc dau ddn ve ndng. Cdi chet efla ndng dd day anh vao mdt nga ba dddng: di tilp vdi con ngddi khdng cd ban nga vd nhdn than hay re vao mdt con dddng khdc d l tim lai chinh minh? Con dddng ndo cung vd eimg khd khan va dau ddn.
Trong mien man vl mdi tinh ddy mdu sac lieu trai vdi Naoko, mdt cd gdi manh me cd ten Midori da bddc thing vdo tudi tre ciia Toru, ehu ddng, thang than va tinh te. Trong mdt chudi nhflng cam nhan khac nhau ve hai ngddi ban gai vdi nhflng vl dep va hfldng vi hoan toan trdi ngflpe nhdng chdn thdnh din tan day ldng, Watanabe nhin ra vl dep hodn hao efla eude sdng trong nhflng khilm khuyet cfla chinh nd, gifla edi da ed va edi cd the xay ra.
Trong edu ehuyin cfla Watanabe, ngddi dpc chi gifl vai trd quan sdt. Nhflng ngddi dpc cd the edm nhdn hit tdt ed nhflng noi dau, sd giang xl md nhdn vdt trdi nghiim. Mdi nhan vdt lai Id mdt cdu ehuyin riing, mdt ddng hdi dc, suy nghi riing. Nlu coi ngddi tran thuat la mdt ldp do khode ngodi tht H. Murakiami da de eho tflng nhan vat khode len ldp do dy.
Trln edi nhin bao qudt, Riing Na-uy van ehi la cdu chuyen ea nhan efla Wantanabe. Nhflng nhfl con sdng ldn ed nhilu nhanh sdng nhd, cau chuyin cua Wantanabe lai ehfla dflng nhilu edu chuyen khac cfla nhflng nhdn vdt khdc. Cdn Wantanabe la cau ndi dan dat d l hp tfl bdc bach minh. Dd la Midori tddi tre, hien dai nhdng cung rdt cd ddn. Dd Id Reiko bi vdy hoc trong qua khfl, "mac ket trong nhflng
mdu thuan" va "luan quan nhfl mdt vdng trdn vd tan". Cudi cung, cai chit cua Naoko dd ddy ehi vdo sd Ida chpn mdi vd bat ddu cudc sdng mdi. Vdi Reiko, Wantanabe la ngfldi ddu tien ehi tim den va xac lap lai ban than thi Midori lai la ngddi dau tien Wantanabe nhd ve khi anh rdi vdo trang thai bd vd, lac Idng. Midori nhfl ngon hdi dang d l anh tim lai dung dfldng di cfla minh.
Ngfldi ke chuyen hddng ndi d ngdi thfl nhat xflng "tdi" vi the da ddde dp dung linh hoat eho nhilu nhdn vat. Ngfldi trdn thudt nay dd di din tdn ciing hanh trinh kham pha the gidi ndi tam sau kin cua tam hdn eon ngddi vdi nhflng phflc tap, bi an ciing ldm Id, ddn dau, khao khat, dam chim trong budn thddng, khae khoai... Sfl kiln trong ddng hdi tfldng cua cac nhdn vdt lai dan xen nhau tfldng ddi phflc tap. Tfl ddng hdi tddng cua nhan vdt chinh Wantanabe dan din sd ddng hien ddng hdi tddng eua cdc nhan vat Ididc. Cd khi, nhflng ddng hdi tfldng ay dan eai vdo nhau (Wantanabe va Naoko), rdi lai tdch ra. hoae tdn tai ddc lap (Reiko, Midori). Qua ddng hdi tddng, cac nhan vat trdi nghiem lai nhflng bien ed cua cudc ddi minh mdt each nhan nha, eham rai, ddnh thdi gian eho ngddi dpc cung tham thia, md ra chieu sau tdm li va nhflng xfle earn bdi hdi, nhflng rung ddng te vi trong tdm hdn nhdn vdt Ngddi tran thuat hddng ndi va ddng y thflc cung khiln tdc pham mang dang dap cfla mdt tdc pham trfl tinh vdi mui hddng quyen ru va say ml. Cdt truyen nhd t h i eflng dddc dien biln rdt td nhien vd trd nln "long leo" theo sd phat triln
TAP CHf KHOA HOC V o l . 04, No. 19 - 11/2016 7 1
Silc hap dan cQa Hiing Na-tiy[\\. Murakami) tif goc nhin tran thuat
bat thddng cua tdm li nhdn vdt. Bflc tranh ddi sdng cung dfldc phdi bay chdn thflc trong vd vdn nhflng suy nghi, trdn trd cfla nhan vdt ve bdn than, ve eude ddi. Hdi tfldng laii qua khfl cflng Id each con ngddi sdng lai nhflng cam xue vd ki nilm da qua trong trang thdi ven nguyen va thdn thflc, cdm nhan minh trong qua trinh tdn tai vd hdnh trinh tim ve bdn nga.
Theo each dd, RUng Na-uy mang den cho ban dpc nhflng ndi nilm ban khoan da diet vl canh tfldng sinh tdn khd khan cua loai ngddi vdi nhflng loay hoay, khue mac vd ca tam ldng trung thflc, dung mdnh cua tudi tre.
2.2. Diem nhin trdn thuat va hien thuc cupe sdng da chieu
Ngddi kl chuyin chfl dao mang tinh td thudt, hddng ndi trong RUng Na-uy Id Toru Wantanabe. Vl vdy, diem nhin tran thudt tnmg tam cua tac pham eiing dflpe trao eho eho nhdn vat ndy - ngddi ke chuyin d ngdi thd nhat xdng "tdi". Tuy nhien, gidng nhd sfl di chuyin linh hoat vai trd cua ngfldi kl chuyen tfl Wantanabe sang cae nhdn vat khdc mdt each thoai mai vd td nhiin, dilm nhin trdn thudt eflng ed sfl di chuyen linh hoat tfl Wantanabe sang cde nhdn vat nay nhd Qudc Xa, Nagasawa, Naoko hay Reiko... Mdi dilm nhin mang td each mdt y thfle ehan li dde lap.
Dieu ndy dien ra td nhiin, khdng chut khien eddng do bat ngudn tfl ddng hdi fle tran thudt efla Watanabe. Khi ddng hdi flc chay tran mdt each vd dinh nhd giac md khdng the kiem sodt, dilm nhin eflng td nd di ddng. Qua dd, hien thdc eude sdng va chieu sdu phflc tap ciia
tdm hdn con ngfldi ddpc tdi hien nhfl nhflng thfldc phim da chilu, chdn thfle.
Nhdn vdt trong Riing Na-uy di xa khdi nhan vat van hpc truyin thong Nhdt Ban bdi nhu cau vfldt thodt khdi mpi rang bude c6 tinh dp dat d l ddde Id minh, sdng cudc sdng eiia minh chfl khdng phdi cudc sdng bay dan nhat nheo. Dd Id khat khao dddc ylu, ddoc sdng, ddpc thanh that... Nhdng suy tdi eung thi ylu, sdng, thanh that, thdm chi la "sex" vdi nhau cflng chi Id mdt phddng each de xac lap ban nga ed nhdn. Con dddng ay Id mudn hinh van trang, mdi ngddi moi khde.
Toru Wantanabe da tflng rat vui khi dddc sdng la minh d tudi 17, ben eanh mdt ngddi ban Id Kizuki. Anh coi Kizuki nhfl mot ngfldi khiln anh cam thay thoai mdi khi giao tilp - mdt vile tddng chflng rat binh thddng nhdng khdng may de dang vi mdi ngddi la mdt vu tru rieng ddng kin, khdng de ai hieu ddde al Kizuki eflng la diem hdi tu tuyet vdi ^fla anh va Naoko. Cai chet bat ngd cua Kizuki da dly anh vdo hd sdu den ngdm cua vflc tham co ddn va b l tac. Vdi nhan thflc non ndt cfla tudi 17, eon dddng ma anh xac lap de tim lai ban nga la tinh due. Anh ngu vdi cd ban gdi dau tien, khdng phai vi tinh yeu hay ham mudn ma chi de che lap khoang trdng ma Kizuki de lai. Tiep din la mdt ed gdi khac va nhilu cd khac. Khi den Tokyo, anh bat ddu cudc sdng mdi cua minh trong khu hpe xd, "do la thdi khdng coi chuyen gi d ddi la quan trpng, va thiet lap mdt khoang each thich hdp gifla ban thdn va tat ca mpi chuyin" [2, tr.64]. Nhflng tinh thi van khdng the giai quylt vdn dl.
7 2 TRUONG DAI HQC H A I PHdNG
Nguyen Thj Ninh, Nguyen Cong Hoang
Anh da trdi qua nhflng thang ngay budng thd. Nagasawa tflng tham gia vdi mdt ldi nhdn xet:
mdn mdi vd vd nghia. Vd roi, vdo sinh nhdt "Todn mdt bpn ngu xudn hit. Ngu xuan hoae thfl hai mddi cfla Naoko, anh vd cd da tim den edm hap. (...) chin lam phan tram nhflng than xae cua nhau de giai toa. Nhdng hanh thang mudn thanh quan chflc deu chang ddng ddng do edng ldm eho mpi viec trd nen tdi te. cflt gihit" (2, tr.l 18]. Dilu nay phan dnh mdt Khdng ai cd the giup hp tim lai ban than ngodi phan nhflng td tfldng tien than truyen thdng chinh hp. Naoko da chpn cai chet de dfldc tfl do. cua Nhdt Bdn da dn sdu vao tiem thflc cua Cdn Wantanabe tilp tue sdng vdi khat khao khd nhilu ngddi, dd Id phdi "gianh" cho dddc mdt trd thdnh hien thdc, va cau hdi "tdi la ai?" van cdng viec trong Nhd nddc de ed sd "dn dinh"
bd ngd cho den tan cung efla cudn sdch. Trong va "lau dai". Tat nhiin, vin cd nhflng eon con mat ciia Wantanabe, cudc sdng trd nln thdt ngddi khdc bilt nhd Nagasawa va Wantanabe.
trdng rdng, vd hdn, khdng biet hien tai cd y Anh ta xem cudc thi cdng chflc cap qudc gia nghta ^ va tddng lai se di ve dau... nhd mdt cudc chdi, mdt edch de anh ta ed the Nagasawa lai la mdt mau sac khac - mdt lam viec d hai ngoai va hdn hit Id "mudn xem ngddi tddng nhd hodn hdo "gidng nhfl mdt minh leo eao dflpc den dau (...) trong he thdng vdng hdo quang cua thiln thdn", nhdng trong quan lieu mat tri khdng Id nay" [2, tr.l 18]. Vdi ddy sdu con ngddi lai ehfla ddng nhflng tinh Nagasawa, thi cdng chflc nhfl mdt phfldng edch ede ki mdu thudn. Da cd ldn han khiln each d l xdc Idp cdi tdi. Cd nhilu li do dl giai Wantanabe cam ddng vi ldng tdt, nhflng lai thieh eho hdnh ddng, suy nghi a.y, nhdng mdt hdnh ha mdt ed gdi trong Iflc say rfldu. Han dieu khdng thi phu nhdn la nhflng quan niem vfla la mdt Unh hdn eao thddng nhdng cflng Id truyen thdng cua Nhdt Ban da va dang bat dau ke deu cang vd phddng cflu ehfla Cfl nhfl v^y. hi thay thi bdi nhflng td tddng mdi d mdt bd con ngddi han dan "khd heo trong dam lay cd phan ldp tre.
ddc", trong chinh "dia nguc dac biet cua rieng Khdng xae lap bdn ngd theo cdch cua minh". Han khdt khao tim vl ban nga bang Wantanabe vd Nagasawa, Naoko vd Hatsumi each ngfl vdi ca trdm cd gai md khdng them lai ehpn each td tfl di kit thuc sfl tdn tai.
nhd mat hoae tin mdt ai. Han thi vao Bd Naoko Iflc ndo cung thdy minh thilu sdt, meo Ngoai giao khdng phdi vi ham thieh tien tai va md, khdng binh thddng, va dilu dy khiln cd sd nghiep md chi xem nd nhd mdt eude ehdi, dau khd. Cd khdng thi hod nhdp vdi ben ma da chdi thi phai chdi d mdt sdn chdi ldn. ngodi vi ed cdm nhan do la mdt xd hdi bdt Trong con mat cua Nagasawa, Nhdt Bdn khi todn, xa hdi ay si ldm cho khilm khuyet cua ay bde Id nhilu bat dn trong he thdng qudn li cd edng thIm khilm khuylt. Khi hpc dai hpc, gido due qudc dan dan den nhflng cudc biiu cd xa Idnh tat ca ban be. Cd nhd mdt khdi khi tinh cua sinh vien ddi gidi tdn dai hpc. Sau do vdn ddng dae, dpng sau trong ldng kin, u uat Id cudc thi edng chflc cua Bd Ngoai giao md vd cdm ldng, khdng ai hieu ndi, eflng khdng TAPCHt KHOA HQC Vol. 04, No. 1 9 - 11/2016 7 3
SiJc hap dan cOa RUngNa-uy (H. Murakami) tifgoc nhin tran thuat
thi td thdng bdo cai npi tdm phflc tap cua kit thuc eupc ddi khi edn qud tre, khi thanh minh eho bdt ki ai. Cd da hdn mpt ldn khdng cdng dang nd rp? Phdi chang, eupc song v6n thi dien dat ddpc y mudn efla minh, cung tin tai rat nhilu phi li, gidng nhd thupc tinh khdng cd phddng each ndo ndi Iln dflpe tam vdn cd cfla ed con ngfldi l§n cudc ddi?
tfl. Cdng ngdy, ed edng trd nln khd giao tiep, Thdc trang ndy eflng sfl phdi hdp diem khdng the ndi, cflng khdng the vilt thfl vi nhm phong phfl cua edc nhdn vat dd ve ra mot ludn ed gipng ndi khdc chen vao nd Iflc ehpn xa hdi Nhat Bdn day hoang mang, lo au sau tfl ngfl cua ed, khiln cd lo du va bdt Ide. chiln tranh. Dd Id mdt Nhat Ban qudt cfldng Khdng ai cd thi hieu cd, tham ehi chinh cd bflng day sau ddng tro tdn de vddn Iln thanh cdn khdng hieu ndi minh. Khi sfl viec trd cddng qude, ldm ed the gidi ngfldng mo.
nen vd phddng cflu ehfla, ed da gidi thoat Nhflng dd cflng Id Nhdt Bdn cdn dm ehfla bang eai ehlt. Cdn Hatsumi, trong eon mat nhflng ndi dau dm i khdn ngudi bddc vao thdi cfla Wantanabe dddng nhd ed thi "hanh ki hau edng nghiep. Sd bung nd thdng tin keo phflc vdi bat ki ai", trfl Nagasawa. Nhflng vdi theo nhflng ludng tfl tfldng vdn hod phdong Hatsumi, ed chi "mudn lay chdng vd ddpc (...) Tdy du nhap 6 at khiln eon ngfldi thay d6i dm dp moi dem vd sinh con de cdi" [2, tr.395], mdt each sdu sac. Nhflng net van hod truyen ngfldi chdng ay phdi Id Nagasawa. Nhflng thdng xfla cu it nhilu bi phai nhat. Dd khong nghich li la d chd, "cai md Nagasawa mudn d cdn Id Nhat Ban thanh tao efla trd dao, bonsai, ddi lai chang lien quan gi din chuyen ay", samurai oai hflng hay geisha, kich Nob... dfldc Chinh sfl khac nhau trong quan diem ve gpi bang nhflng edi tin dilm le nhfl "xfl sd hoa hanh phflc, hdn nhdn gifla Hatsumi vd anh ddo", "ddt nddc mat trdi moe". "xfl sci Nagasawa dd khiln ed rdi vdo tuyet vpng vd phfl Tang"... Dd la Nhdt Ban khdc xa so vdi eham dflt cudc ddi sau hai nam kit hdn vdi truyin thdng xda cu ma lao vao vdng xoay cua mdt ngddi dan dng khae. ddng tiin, vdt ehat vd nhflng dia tang nhuc NhQng tddng, chi cd nhflng ngddi nhd the. 6 dd, khdng mdt chiec dien thoai, may Naoko, Hatsumi mdi tim din cai chet nhd tinh hay chile mdy bay ndo ed thi khiln con mdt sd cflu rdi, nhdng khdng phai vdy. Chi ngddi xich lai gan nhau, cung ddng dilu va efla Naoko la mdt ngddi xuat sae vd todn ven, eflng chia se. Con ngddi trd nen ed ddn trong
"mpt silu hpe sinh, silu vdn ddng viln, danh thi gidi eiia ehinh minh, vd tuyet vpng la cdm ndi nhd edn" [2, tr.272] nhdng cung tfl tfl d giac thfldng trdc trong bd vd. Con ngfldi cam ndm mddi bay tudi. Viec ay cdn xay ra ed vdi thdy vd vi, ehan nan, khdng tim dddc y nghia ngddi ehu cua Naoko. Sd td vdn hang loat nay cfla cudc ddi nln cai chit xay ra la dieu tat ddt ra cau hdi vi dau edi ehet hien hflu nhfl ylu. Dd Id sd Ida chpn duy nhdt de Idu gifl mpt bdng ma trong xa hdi Nhdt Ban hien dai? tudi thanh xuan, "Chi cd ngddi chit mdi mai Vl ddu nhflng con ngfldi Nhat Bdn khi ay lai mai d tudi mfldi bdy" [2. tr.87]. Cai chet
7 4 T R d d N G O A l HOC H A I PHCJNG
Nguyen Thi Ninh, Nguyen Cong Hoang
khdng ehi giup ho tim din td do md cai ehlt cdn Id cdch tuylt vdi nhdt d l bdo tdn ve dep, trdnh bi cudc ddi ldm cho veo vp. Khat khao tim vl bdn nga do do Id khat khao nhdn ban nhat. Nd da diet, dau ddu, nhflc nhdi trln tflng trang van cua Rdng Na-uy.
Trong bflc tranh am dam va u budn dd, sd xuat hien tddi mdi cua Midori nhd mdt phddng edeh dem lai mdu xanh eho eupc sdng. Khoe khoan, tre trung, phdp phdng vd rdn rd, trung thdc vd manh ml, Midori giong nhfl biiu tddng cua sfle sdng trdn day, khdng bao gid dau hdng trddc sd phdn. Sdng ddi vdi cd la dddc ndi nhflng gi minh nghi, lam nhflng gi minh thich, tfl do "lam tinh" va yeu cho thoa thieh. Theo each rieng cua minh, cd da vflpt tren mpi ndi niem cd ddn de trd thanh ben dd cudi cung keo Wantanabe quay trd lai. Chut kit thue ed hdu ndy ddi vdi Wantanabe dd khiln tdc pham tuy mang dm hddng budn van chan ehfla nilm tin vdo cudc sdng.
2.3, Gipng diiu trdn thuat vd sif da dm cua tieu thuyet
Trong RUng Na-uy ludn hien biln mdt ngfldi tran thuat rat cd duyen vdi eae sac thai bien ddi da dang: khi tham tram sau sac, khi gilu nhai bdn edt, khi tinh bd lanh lung, khi than nhien khe khe, khi tinh qudi hdm hinh, khi nhay mat cfldi duyln, khi hoang mang cdc dd... Di liln vdi cae sac thai gipng dilu phong phfl ay la nhflng thai dp, ldp trfldng, quan dilm vd each nhin cupe sdng rat khde nhau.
Vdi tfl edch mdt ngddi da di qua tudi thanh xuan 18 ndm, ngfldi dan dng tflng trdi.
37 tudi. Toru Wantanabe chim sdu vdo ddng hdi tfldng dai ve qua khfl, chilm nghiem lai mpt ldn nfla qua trinh trddng thdnh day bien ddng eiia minh va nhflng ngddi ban. Dieu nay da ddt nhan vat vao nhflng suy tfl, dan vat, hddng tdi li giai nhflng van de edt ldi mang tinh nhan sinh va due nit quy luat eua eude ddi. Vi thi, gipng dilu trai nghiem mang tinh triet li, suy ngam Id gipng ehu dao, bao trum toan tac pham.
Dflng trfldc van d l sinh tfl, Wantanabe da tflng cd quan niem rat gian ddn, ddi thfldng:
"cai chet nhd mdt edi gi hodn toan tach biet va ddc lap vdi sd sdng" [2, tr.64]. Nhflng edi chit efla Kizuki da khiln anh suy nghi lai: "Cdi ehet la ed thfle, nd khdng phai la ddi nghich cfla eude sdng, md Id mdt phan eua eude song". [2, tr.64], Anh eoi dieu dd nhfl mdt
"triet thuylt", mdt phan mau thit con ngddi anh. Trong khi, mdt phdn con ngddi ay da chet cflng edi chit eua Kizuki, de lai mdt khoang trdng kinh hodng. Cai chet vdi anh khdng edn tdch biet vdi sfl sdng, md trai lai, dang ddpe sd sdng nudi dddng tflng phut, tflng ngdy. Kizuki Ifla ehpn cai ehlt trdde khi phai bfldc ehdn vdo cudc ddi. Cdn Naoko ra di khi khdng the deo got tdm hdn minh cho vfla vJin. Nhdng khdng phdi ai cung ed the tfl bd eupc ddi nhd Kizuki hay Naoko. Con ngddi van phdi sdng vd khat khao ed dflde eude sdng trdn ddy ylu thddng va hanh phflc.
Nhflng rdi, eai ehlt efla Naoko ldm "triet thuylt" cfla Wantanabe bi lung lay. Anh nhdn ra mdt bai hpc mdi: "Khdng ed ehdn li ndo ed thi ldm diu noi dau budn khi chung ta mat di TAP CHl KHOA HOC Vol. 04, No. 1 9 - n/2016 7 5
Site hap dan cCia Riing Na-uy (H. Murakami] tifgoc nhin tran thuat
mdt ngfldi yeu dau" [2, tr.495]. Sau mdt thang day di ban than, anh lai mdt lan nfla suy td ve sd mat mdt efla eupc ddi. Khi mat di mot ngddi quan trpng, eon ngddi thfldng tim den mpt li do ndo dd de khod lap ndi tan hoang.
Dd la each md Wantanabe da lam sudt mpt thdi gian ddi. Anh td an fli rang sfl ra di eua Kizuki Id dilu de hieu. VI edi ehlt Id mdt bd phan cau thdnh ciia sd sdng, ed chang ehi la Kizuki de nd xuat hien sdm hdn ma thdi. Cai ehet cfla Naoko eung Id dilu tat ylu vi sfl thdc cd da ehet tfl cai ngdy Kizuki td tfl. Nhflng thdc t l thi ngddc lai: "Khdng mdt chan li nao, mpt tam Idng trung thdc nao, mpt sfle manh ndo (...) ed the lam diu dfldc ndi dau budn ay"
[2, tr.495]. Chdn Ii efla Wantanabe vi thi da tan ra va bien mat eiing thuy trieu. Va dilu cudi anh nhdn dflde la ndi dau. Noi dau ay van se cdn dai dang cho den tan sau ndy. Hang ngdy, anh van din ldp hpe nhdng khdng them dilm danh. Anh cflng khdng quan tdm ngddi khae nghi gi, ldm gi, khdng thanh minh, khdng gidi thieh... Cfl nhfl vdy, anh tdn tai nhfl mdt cdi bdng khdng hdn.
Midori lai cd mdt ehiem nghiem khde - cai chit von khdng hi dang sd, dang sd hdn ca la sdng mdt cudc sdng lay lat dl eho "Bdng den eiia sfl chit gam dan ddn vdo vimg sdng, vd rdi tat cd tdi md khdng nhin thdy gi hit, va mpi ngfldi xung quanh deu eho rang minh ehet nhieu hdn sdng rdi" [2, tr.l57]. Khdng ai cd the tranh dfldc eai chit, nhflng dfl the nao thi van nen sdng mpt cudc sdng trpn ven, trdn day, tan hfldng vd tan hien.
Gipng trilt li, suy ngam khien RUng Na-uy ehfla ddy noi niem suy tfl. dfla ngddi dpe
chim sdu vdo the gidi ndi tam nhdn vat de eham den tan eimg eua sd sdng, edi ehlt, tinh ylu vd ndi dau. Ngddi dpe vi the cflng ddOc cung thao thfle, giai bdy vd cflng chia se. Tfl do nhdn ra s\i vd vpng, trdng rdng ludn ldn khudt d ddu do trong cudc ddi ma khdng ai bilt vi tri chinh xae cfla nd. Khi chang may rdi vdo, con ngddi phai sdng thoi thdp vdi nhflng vet thddng ma rat khd thoat ra de tim vl ban the.
Tfl nhflng khodng ldng tram tfl nhfl the, nhdn vdt chilm nghiem trilt li nhdn sinh ciia cudc ddi. Va khi thau hieu nd, hp lai cd thai dp thdn nhiin din lanh Iflng nhfl mdt phdong each chap nhan va ddi mat. Ngay tfl nhflng ngdy dau tiin sdng trong khu hpe xa, Wantanabe da td thilt lap eho minh mdt bflc tddng ngan each vdi mpi ngddi. Anh khdng kit ban vdi ai. Lflc ndo anh eung xudt hien vdi mdt cudn sdch va d mpt minh khiln nhflng sinh vien khde ngd tddng rang anh mudn lam nhd van. Nhdng thdc sfl khdng phdi vdy. Anh khdng mudn giao tilp vi "Idm thi chi td hay that vpng". Khi Midori cdn vdn anh tai sao c6 mat trong gid hpe ma khdng thfla khi diem danh, anh da dap mot each tinh bd, ran mat:
"Chi vi hdm nay tdi khdng thidi thi" [2, h.l 13].
Nhflng dang sau ve lanh liing vd tinh bd kia la mdt Wantanabe mang nhilu tam sd. Anh thu minh vao the gidi riing vdi nhflng quy luat rieng. Anh tdch biet vdi the gidi bin ngoai nhd mdt each chdng trd va ddi phd. Khi gap Midori, mac du anh ciing cd an tdpng vui nhdng anh van td ra diing ddng, lanh lung- Do la phdn flng thu minh trdde mdt dieu hodn toan mdi me, gidng nhd khi eon ngddi
7 6 TRfldNG BAI Hpc HAI PHONG
Nguyen Th\ Nmh, Nguyen Cong Hoang ta da d qud lau trong dim tdi, nay thay binh minh tuyet dep thi bat gidc dda tay ehe mat du mudn rdt muon tdn hddng ludng sinh khi ay.
0 RUng Na-uy, moi ngddi diu mang mpt noi cd ddn ban thi. Cam gide khdng biiu ndi sd hien hflu cfla ban than da tach hp ra khdi thi gidi vd quang nd vao hfl vd, ndi ehi ed noi cd ddn ngfl tri. Vi vay, hp than nhiin, khinh bae trfldc mpi sd d ddi. Wantanabe lanh lung chia tay cd ban gdi ddu tiin ma chang h i do dd. Nagasawa ddi xfl t l vdi Hatsumi - ngddi ma anh ylu nhdt. Naoko khdng dl ddng md long minh vdi Wantanabe... Nhdng sau edi vd bpc bang gia b l ngodi la nhflng trdi tim am ndng, khat khao di tim f nghia dich thdc cfla cudc ddi. Va ddu dd trln dfldng xa dang dang se Id mdt tinh ylu chd dpi va nhflng ldi hdi I6i danh eho tat ea mpi ngddi, dde bilt la nhflng ngfldi minh da vd tinh ldm tdn thddng.
Riing Na-uy eflng khdng phai la mdt bien ed phang ldng nhflng u sau ma tieng cfldi ddi Ifle eat len nhd mdt giai phap tdi du d l phdi bay din tdn eflng bi kich. Khdng gong minh ed sflc, eai hai ddi luc da tdi lui mpt each that dl dang, nhfl khdng trong tde phdm, dem lat mdt gipng dilu gieu nhai, bdn edt rat cd duyln. Gifla nhflng thanh niln Nhdt sung bai vdt ehat, budng tha vd bui bam trong khu hpe xd thi sd xudt hien cfla Qudc Xd Id mdt trd eddi. Trong khi cac sinh viln nam chdi bdi, bfla bpn vdi nhflng thflc dung, nhuc the, thdn xac va "bdc mui", hay di bar, udng ea phi... thi Quoc Xa lai ddng bd qua la Ifldt va sach se. Ve nghiem ngan efla anh eflng trd nen phdt
"thdn": "sd mi trang. qudn ddi den, giay den",
phdng d luc ndo cung dpn sach "tinh tfldm nhfl mdt phdng ddp xde", "chdn nem Ifle nao eflng dflpe phdi phdng, tat ed bflt chi deu dflng ngay ngan trong hop ddng" [2, tr.45], thich tranh phong cdnh hdn Id anh khod thdn... Tat ca dd khien Quoc Xa trd thdnh chu dl khdi hai cua eae sinh viln trong khu hpe xd. Trong con mat cua nhflng sinh viln nay thi "Thang cha dd hdng rdi" [2, tr.45]. Ngay edi y thieh cua Qudc Xa cung "nghiim tflc"
din budn eddi: ldm nghe ve ban do. Qudc Xd Id mdt kilu mau mang nhieu ddu vlt efla Nhdt Ban truyin thdng: n l nep, ngan nap, minh bach, dieu dp, lanh manh vd quy eu, say ml din tdn thd li tddng ca nhan. Cddi vao Qude Xd eung cd nghia la cddi vdo nhflng khudn mau cflng nhac hay nhflng net van hod truyen thdng Nhdt Ban da Idi thdi, khdng cdn du sflc de niu chdn gidi tre. Viec Quoe Xd bi ed lap gifla ban be xung quanh cung gidng nhd net vdn hod truyen thdng eua Nhat Ban dang bi o ep, bfla vay va mat ddn di trong xa hdi hiin dai.
Khdng ddng khung trong nhflng nguyen tac eflng nhac, sd td do, cdi md eua Midori khdng it lan khien ban dpe phdi bdt eddi. Dd la khi cd ke cho ngddi ban trai Wantanabe nghe chuyen ba thdng cd ehi mdc ed mdt eai do "xu - ehieng". Nhdt Id khi ed bdc bach thodi mdi ban nang:
"- Thi ndy nhe, ddu tiin, td muon ndm xuong mot cdi giudng to, rong, em di. Roi thi tiing ti mgt, cdu cdi qudn do td ra. NhU kieu me edi qudn do eho mot dUa con nho vay. Thdt Id nhe nhdng. (...)
TAPCHlKHOAHQC Vol. 04, No. 19-11/2016 7 7
Siic hap dan cua Ritng Na-uy (H. Murakami) tiJgoc nhin Iran thuat
- Cd« td thi chi viec mdc ki vd Id md sung sUdng nhu thi cho din Idc bdng nhdn ra ehuyin ^ dang dien ra vd het len "Thoi di, Watanabe!" Vd roi td noi "Td thUc sU thich cau, (...), nhiing td dang co ngUdi khdc roi. Td khdng thi ldm chuyin ndy". (...) hay ldm dn diing lai di. NhUng cdu khdng chiu dUn^'.
[2, tr.320, 321]. Sd thodi mdi, vd td theo kieu do Id each ma Midori quen di nghich canh: me da ehet vi ung thd, bd cung sap chit vi ung thd, mdt minh bddn trdi vdi ddi... Cung theo cdch dy, Midori huyen thuyin y nhd that ehuyin bd minh bd mae hai cd con gai d nhd de sang tan Uruguay vi qua ylu vd vd dau budn sau cdi chit ciia vp, ciing la de thflc biln ddc md ca ddi eua dng. Nhdng sd thdc. bo cd dang nam bep trong benh viln. Ndi ddi Wantanabe chi la edch d l cd khod lap ndi dau.
Cdn khi xem Wantanabe Id ngddi ban ddng hdnh, chia se, cd hodn toan thanh thdt.
Wantanabe eflng ed lflc khdi hai mdt each
"tinh quai" khi say sda kl eho bd efla Midori, mpt dng gia kem hiiu bilt vd dang hap hdi nghe vl lich sfl san khau Hi Lap vdi nhflng li thuyet ve thu phdp "deus ex maehina" tiong kich cfla Euripides. Trong con mat cfla Wantanabe thi thfl nghe thuat thanh eao nay chang ddng mdt xu trong xa hdi ddng tien md anh deo dudi.
Cfldi, khdi hai hay bde me, gieu nhai cung diu khdng chi la each d l lat tly va lot trdn sfl that, ma cdn la cdeh de hod giai mpi ndi dau, eung thi hien -f mudn vdpt trln mpi vflc tham kinh hoang, hoang mang cfla cupe sdng. Bdt cddi sang khoai eflng Id each tranh cho ban dpc
khdi bi budng trung vdo ndi ki fle tu dpng ma hddng din cam nhdn cupe sdng trong trang thai tddi mdi vd ven nguyin.
3. Ket luan
"Diu ddng quyIn rii nhd thd, cang thang nhd bi kich vd gpi due mpt edch ml dam" [ 1].
RUng Na-uy dd dda ban dpe lae vdo thi gidi eua tinh yeu, cfla khat khao, cua ndi dau va ed nhflng rung dpng se sat, chay bdng cua long ngfldi. Lac vao tac pham, ban dpc khdng chi me dam bdi eude tinh eua nhan vdt ma edn dam say trong cudc tinh cua chinh minh.
Gdp phan lam nen chat men say diu ngpt do la nghi thudt tran thuat. Nhe nhdng, Im ai, gidn di vd hdm hinh, tde pham da phui di Idp bui thdi gian d l ki fle sdng day manh liet, tran day, lam hdi sinh nhflng ddng cfla tinh tl, nhflng gian nd dm dp cfla tflng te bao trong cd t h i sdng. Ban dpc eung nhan vat chim vdo nhflng cuong nhilt cfla tinh yeu, tinh ban, cflng bang khudng, hut hang, ciing vui, cung budn va cung khao khdt... de chiem nghiim nhflng triet li nhdn sinh eua cuoc ddi. Tac pham vl t h i la dilm g|p gd, hdi quy eua nhflng tam hdn ddng loai. Ddi vdi nhflng ai da say m l RUng Na-uy chung tdi tin rang.
mdi ldn dpe lai, hoae vd tinh nghe mdt ban nhae jazz d dau dd se lai thay tae phim hap dan theo mdt cdeh khac, dpe dao, cudn hut va sexy hdn. Khdng gidng nhflng eau chuyen tinh dl quen, nhflng tang nghia trong Riing Na-uy "gidng nhfl xilm y mi nhan, ldp lang efla nd hap ddn din dau Id tuy ngfldi lan md, vd khi tddng da den ndi rdi thi hod ra mdi chi bat dau" [1]. Thdi gian va ddc gia se la
7 8 TRl/dNG OAI HOC H A I PHONG
Nguyen Thj Ninh, Nguyen Cong Hoang
giam khdo cdng bang d l chung tdi tin rang RUng Na-uy la cudn sdch thanh xudn bat diet.
Tai lieu tham khao 1. Haruki Murakami vd Riing Na-uy trong
mdt cdc nhd phi binh qu6c ti, Ldi gidi thilu RUngNa-uy, NXB Hdi Nhd van, 2016.
2. Haruki Murakami, RUng Na-uy, Trinh LQ dich (2006), NXB Hdi Nha van. Ha Ndi.
3. Nhieu tdc gia (1998), Vdn hoc Nhdt Bdn, NXB Thdng tm khoa hpe xa hdi, Hd Ndi.
4. Linh Thoai (2006), "RUng Na-uy": Tde phdm khien gidi tre mi met, http://dantri.com.vn.
FASCINATION OF HARUKI MURAKAMI'S NORWEGIAN WOOD FROM THE
NARRATIVE PERSPECTIVE Abstract
H. Murakami is known as a (X)ntemporary Japanese writer having far-reaehing influences on all readers, and one of the most compeUing voices in the current international literary scene. With his modern, direct but attractive
and addictive writing style, H. Murakami's works have been translated into many languages, and sold in all continents. In particular, his work - Norwegian Wood is considered to be an unusual and bizarre cultural phenomenon, which has conquered millions of readers' hearts, especially young people around the world. With its attractiveness, the novel has brought a breath of fresh air and made much contribution to changing the look of pure eastern literature.
This also helps to make Japanese writings closer to the modern world literatures. Those who have ever experienced love, happiness, suffering, and felt defective will be able to perceive the presence of familiar soul pieces expressed in Norwegian Wood. The article partly decodes the unknown that can enhance the fascination of this narrative art work.
Keywords: Norwegian Wood, Murakami, narrative perspective...
(Ngay nhdn bdi: 07/7/2016; Ngay phdn biln ddnh gia: 19/7/2016; Ngay duylt dang:
25/7/2016)
TAP CHl KHOA HQC Vol 04, No. 1 9 - 11/2016 7 9