THVC TIEN - KINH NCHIEM
CAN HV6NG DAN AP DUNG QUY DINH VE TRVdNG HOP BI CAN PHAM TOI
CO HAI CHAT MA TUY TRUI LEN
DirONG VAN TfflNH
IVu-dijg hpp bj can phgm t$i vdi tinh tilt cd hai c^lt ma tiiy trd ISn dyyc quy dinh d cung m$t dilm, bo^c ^dc dilm khac nhau trong cung mpt khodn cua dilu lu^t tlfi & pbin kit lu^n cua ban cao tr^g cd can phdi trich d^y du c^c dilm quy dinh vl khii lupng ho^c thi tich cdc cb^t ma t6y dd hay khong la van dl cdn virdng mic va dp dung chua
thong nh^t. -^ • • • • - - 4
Tir khda: Trich ddn diim truy td; bdn cdo trgng; "co hai chdt ma tiiy trd len ";
toi phgm vi ma tuy.
Nhgn bdi: 10/02/2020; bien tapxong: 27/02/2020; duyet bdi: 02/3/2020.
Trong Bd ludt Hinh sy nam 2015, duge sira ddi, bd sung nam 2017 (sau day gpi tat la BLHS nam 2015) nhdm tpi phgm ve ma tuy dugc quy dinh tai Chuong XX bao gdm 13 dieu lugt, tu Dieu 247 den Dieu 259 va da tdch rieng cau thanh cua tung tpi pham eu thi so vdi BLHS nam 1999.
Tft khi BLHS nam 2015 cd hieu lye thi hdnh ddn nay, Chinh phu da ban hanh 02 nghi dinh hudng dan ve nhdm tgi pham ma niy dd Id: Nghi dinh sd I9/2018/ND- CP ngay 02/2/2018 cua Chinh phu quy dinh ve vifc tinh tdng khdi lugng hoae the tich chdt ma tiiy tai mpt sd dieu cua BLHS nam 2015 (Nghi djnh sd 19); Nghi djnh sd 73/2018/ND- CP ngdy 15/5/2018 ciia Chinh phu quy djnh danh mye eac
chdt ma tuy vd tien chdt (Nghi dinh sd 73). Tuy nhidn, hien chua cd van ban cua edc eo quan tien hdnh td tung hudng dan chi tiet dp dyng mdt sd quy dinh cua nhdm tpi pham ve ma tiiy dupe quy dinh trong BLHS nam 2015.
Thye tien hifn nay, edc eo quan cd tham quyen tien hanh td tyng van dang van dyng tinh than ciia Thdng tir lien tich sd 1 7 / 2 0 0 7 / T T L T - B C A - V K S N D T C - TANDTC-BTP ngdy 24/12/2007 cua Bd Cdng an - Vifn kiem sat nhan dan tdi cao - Tda dn nhdn dan tdi cao - Bd Tu phap
"hudng dan dp dyng mdt sd quy dinh tai Phdng 1, Vi$n kiem sat nhan dan tinh Thai Nguyen.
So 07/2020
Tap chi _KIEMSAT I 4 5
inui. TIEH - KINH NCHIEM Chuong XVIII - Cac tgi phgm vl ma tiiy"
ciia BLHS nam 1999 (Thdng tii sd 17).
Thdng tu lien tjch sd 08/20I5/TTLT- BCA-VKSNDTC-TANDTC-BTP ngdy 14/11/2015 vl viec sua doi, bd sung mgt sd diem ciia Thdng tu sd 17. Tren thuc tl, vife dp dyng da nay sinh nhiing vudng mac, cu the la trudng hgp phgm tdi cd tu hai chdt ma tiiy trd len vd khi truy td, xet xu dp dyng tinh tilt "cd hai ehlt ma tiiy ttd len ma tdng khdi lugng hogc thi tich cua eac chat dd tuang duong vdi khdi lugng hogc the tieh ehat ma tiiy quy dinh tgi mdt ttong cdc dilm tu dilm... din diem... khodn nay". Bd luat Hinh su nam 2015 quy dinh tinh tiet nay tgi 05 dieu lugt dd Id tgi diem k khoan 2, dilm e khodn 3, diem d khoan 4 Dieu 248 (Tdi sdn xuat ttdi phep chdt ma tiiy); diem i khodn 1, diem n khodn 2, diem h khodn 3, diem h khodn 4 Dieu 249 (Tdi tang trft ttdi phep chdt ma tuy); diem i khoan 1, diem 0 khodn 2, diem h khodn 3, diem h khodn 4 Dieu 250 (Tdi van chuyen trai phep chdt ma tuy); diem p khoan 2, diem h khodn 3, diem h khodn 4 Dieu 251 (Tdi mua bdn trai phep chdt ma tiiy); diem i khodn 2, diem n khoan 3, diem h khoan 4 Dieu 252 (Tpi chiem doat chat ma diy).
Hifn cd nhieu y kien khde nhau ve viec cd cdn phai trich dan day du cdc diem truy td trong phan ket lugn va phan quyet dinh eiia ban edo trang hay khdng. d mdt sd don vi, tgi phan ket luan trich dan day dii cac diem, khoan, quy dinh khdi lugng bode the tich cdc chdt ma tiiy eua dieu ludt tuong iing, nhung tgi phdn quyet dinh chi dp dyng 01 diem Id ''''co hai chdt ma
hiy ?ro-/e«...", cung cd don vi tai phan ket lugn vd quyet dinh eiia edo trang chi ttich dan vd ap dyng 01 diem, khoan eiia dieu ludt la "co hai chdt ma tuy trd len..." ma khdng trich din chi tiet cdc diem cd quy dinh khdi lupng bode the tieh cac chat ma tiiy, vi du:
Vg thir nhdt: Ngay 21/6/2019, Co quan dieu tra Cdng an thdnh phd SC, tinh TN bit qua tang Ng. V. D ed hanh vi tang trii trdi phep 0,148 gam ma tiiy loai Heroin va 0,42 gam ma tiiy loai Methamphetamine myc dieh de su dyng.
Co quan dieu tra da khdi td vu an, bi can, kit thiic dilu tra vy dn, de nghi truy td ddi vdi D ve Tdi tang trft trdi phep chdt ma tiiy quy dinh tai didm i khoan 1 Dieu 249 BLHS nam 2015.
Ngay 08/8/2019, Vien kilm sat nhan ddn (VKSND) thdnh phd SC, tinh TN da ban banh Cao trang sd 49/CT-VKS, truy td bi can Ng. V. D ve Tdi tdng trii trdi phep chdt ma tiiy theo quy dinh tgi diem i khodn 1 Dilu 249 BLHS nam 2015. Tai phdn ket luan eua Cao trgng ghi: "Hdnh vi neu tren cua Ng. V. D da pham vao Tpi tdng trii trdi phep ehat ma tiiy, tdi pham va hinh phgt quy dinh tgi diem c, i khodn 1 Dilu 249 BLHS. Ndi dung dilu lugt nhu sau:
"1. Ngudi nao tang tru ttdi phep chdt ma tuy ma khdng nham myc dich mua bdn, van ehuyen, san xudt ttdi phep chat ma tuy thude mpt ttong cac trudng hgp sau ddy, thi bi phgt tu tu 01 nam den 05 nam:
c) Heroin, Methamphetamine... cd khdi lupng tu 0,1 gam den dudi 05 gam.
Tap chi KIEM SAT_
THVC TIEN - KINH NGHIEM i) Cd hai ch|t ma tyy ttd Ien ma tdng
IdiOi lupng hogc thi tich cua cac ehlt dd tuang 4ftong vdi khdi lugng hogc thd tich chdt ma tyy qyy dinh tai mpt trong cac diem tij dilm b din dilm h khodn nay".
Tyy nJiidn, tgi phdn quylt dinh eua ban ego ttgng ghi tryy td ddi vdi Ng. V. D chi ap diing dilm i khogn 1 Dilu 249 BLHS ngm2015.
Bdn an sd 49/2019/HSST ngay 30/8/2019 eua Tda an nhan ddn thdnh phd SC, tinh TN xet xu ddi vdi bi cdo Ng. V.
D ve Tdi tdng tru trdi phep ehlt ma tiiy, dp dyng dilm i khoan 1 Dilu 249 BLHS, dilm s khodn 1 Dilu 51 BLHS xu phat bi cdo 24 thdng tu.
Vg thir 2: Ngay 06/9/2019, td cdng tac Cdng an thanh phd TN, tinh TN bat qud tang Pham Van D cd hdnh vi tdng trii trdi phep 0,941 gam ma tiiy loai Methamphetamine; 8,381 gam MDMA;
7,76 gam Ketamine mye dieh de bdn kilm ldi. Ngdy 14/9/2019, CQDT da khdi td vy an, bi can ddi vdi D ve Tpi mua ban trai phep chit ma tiiy. Ngay 02/12/2019, VKSND thanh phd TN dl nghi truy td ddi vdi bi can Phgm Van D ve Tpi mua bdn ttai phep chat ma tuy theo diem p khodn 2 Dilu 251 BLHS nam 2015.
Bdn edo ttang sd 06/CT-VKSTPTN ngay 19/12/2019 cua VKSND thdnh phd TN tgi phdn kit luan khi trich ddn dieu luat ghi: "Hanh vi cua Pham Van D da phgm vdo Tgi mua ban trai phep chat ma tuy, tdi phgm vd hinh phat duge quy dinh tai dilm p khoan 2 Dilu 251 BLHS nam 2015". Ndi dung dieu luat quy dinh:
"1. Ngudi nao mua ban ttdi phep chat ma
tiiy, thi bi phgt tu tu 02 nam din 07 nam.
2. Phgm tdi thude mpt trong cdc trudng hpp sau day, thi bi phgt tu tir 07 nam din 15 nam.
p) Cd hai chat ma tiiy ttd Ien ma tdng khdi lugng hogc the tich cua ede chdt dd tugng duong vdi khdi lugng hoae thi tieh chat ma tiiy quy dinh tai mgt trong eae didm tii diem h den diem o khodn nay".
Tai phan quyet dinh cua bdn cao trang truy td ddi vdi Phgm Van D ve Tdi mua bdn ttdi phep chat ma tiiy, dp dung diem b khoan 2 Dilu 251 BLHS nam 2015 (khdng trich dan diem i khodn 2 Dilu 251 BLHS nam 2015).
Nhu vdy, qua hai ban cao ttang cua hai don vi tten cho thay, ciing vdi mdt tinh tiet nhu nhau la ngudi phgm tdi cd hanh vi tang tru hoae mua ban ttdi phep hai chdt ma tiiy trd len nhung d hai don vi Iai trich dan theo each khac nhau. C) vu an thii nhat, VKSND tiianh phd SC tai phdn Kit Iuan cua bdn cdo ttgng da trich ddn cd diem c khoan 1 Dieu 249 quy dinh ve khdi lugng ciia timg chat ma tiiy, d vy thu 2, VKSND thdnh phd TN tai phdn ket luan khdng trich ddn diem i khoan 2 Dieu 251 (quy dinh ve khdi lupng ma tiiy logi MDMA va Methamphetamine) nhu VKSND thanh phd SC.
Nhu vay, van de khdng thdng nhat d day la: Trong trudng hgp hi can pham tdi cd hai chat ma tuy ttd len, dugc quy dinh d Cling mdt diem, hogc d eae diem khde nhau trong cung mot khoan cua dieu ludt, thi d phdn ket lugn cua ban cao ttgng cd can phdi trich ddy du cdc diem quy dinh Tap chi _KIEMSAT I 4 7
« b TIEH •- BUIH
ve khdi lugng hoae t h i tich cdc c h i t ma tiiy dd hay khdng ? Hay ehi edn tiich 01 diem quy dinh "cd hai chdt ma tiiy ttd len..."? Ve v l n de ndy, y k i l n ciia chiing tdi nhu sau:
Thlt nhdt, viec xac dinh d i l m , khodn truy td trong trudng hpp cd t u hai c h i t ma tiiy trd Ien da d u g c hudng dan chi tilt tai D i l u 4, D i l u 5, muc I, II phy luc ban hanh kem theo Nghi dinh sd 19; theo dd, trong trudng hgp cd nhieu chdt ma tiiy (hai chat trd len) duge quy dinh tgi cung mdt diem thupc cdc khodn cua mpt ttong cac D i l u 248, 249, 250, 251, 252 ciia BLHS nam 2015 duge thye hifn theo cac b u d c sau:
Budc thic nhdt: Cdng tdng khdi lugng hoae the tieh eac chat ma niy lai vdi nhau de xdc dinh tdng khdi lugng hoae the tich chat ma tiiy;
Budc thir hai: Ddi chieu tdng khdi lugng hoae the tieh cdc chdt ma tiiy vdi edc diem, khodn cua dieu ludt tuong iing de xdc dinh diem, khoan truy td;
Budc thir ba: Xac dinh diem, khoan, dieu ludt dp dyng: Trong trudng hgp ndy xdc dinh truy td bi can theo diem quy dinh "ed hai chat ma tiiy trd len ma tdng khdi lugng hogc the tieh eua ede chat dd tuong duong vdi khdi lugng hoae the tieh chdt ma tiiy quy dinh tai mpt trong ede diem tii diem... den diem... khoan ndy"
eua d i l u ludt tuong ung.
Ddi vdi trudng hgp cac chat ma tiiy khdng dugc quy dinh d eung mdt diem thude cac khodn cua mdt ttong cdc Dieu 248, 249, 250, 251, 252 eiia BLHS nam 2015 thi each tinh phiic tgp hon, tuy
nhien, van xac dinh edng tdng khdi lugng hogc the tieh chat ma tuy de xdc dinh khodn truy td doi vdi bi can vd dp dung diem quy dinh "cd hai chdt ma tuy ttd len md tdng khdi lupng hogc the tieh eua cdc chat dd tuong duang vdi khdi lugng hoae the tich chat ma tiiy quy djnh tgi mgt trong cdc diem tir diem... den diem...
khodn nay" cua dieu ludt tuong img, nhu vay trong mpi trudng hgp, neu bi can cd hdnh vi mua ban, tdng trii, van chuyen...
tii hai chat ma tiiy trd len thi diem truy td ddi vdi bi can chi la mpt tinh tiet "cd hai chdt ma tuy trd len..." ciia dieu ludt tuong ling.
Thu hai, ddi vdi cdc chat ma tiiy dupe quy dinh tgi cung mdt didm, hoae khde diem cung mgt khoan cua dieu lugt, thi tat ca cac npi dung ve khdi lugng, logi chat ma tiiy... da dugc xac dinh ro qua bien bdn can xdc djnh khdi lugng, lay mau gui giam dinh da dugc neu trong phan ndi dung, do do, trong phan ket ludn ciia bdn edo trang khdng can phdi trich dan day du cac diem dd (vi dy;
Heroin; Cocaine; MDMA; ede chdt ma tiiy khde d the ran...) ma chi can trich mpt diem la "co hai chdt ma tuy trd lin..." ciia dieu lugt tuong iing, nhu vay se phu hgp vdi phan quyet dinh cua bdn eao trgng do la chi dp dyng 01 diem "co hai chdt ma tiiy trd len..." de truy td ddi vdi bi can.
Mat khdc, theo mau Cao trang sd 144 (ban hanh kem theo Quyet dinh sd 03/QD-VKSNDTC ngay 29/12/2017 eiia Vifn trudng VKSND tdi eao) p h l n k i t IXem tiep trang- 64!
Tap chi
4 8 I KIEM S A T ^ S607«I20
THONG TIN - KHOA HOC
cham dut hgp dong hogc ddi bdi thudng thift hai". •
Tai lifu tham khao:
1. Ngo Qu6c Chien, 2016, '•Vi dieu ki^n co hieu lifC cm dieu khodn lua chgn phdp ludt ap dung cho quan he ddn sif co yeu to nuac ngodi". Tap chi Toa kn nhan dan, s6 17, thang 9/2016.
2. Ngo Quoc ChiSn, 2015, "Vi khd ndng iifa chgn phdp lugt dp dung cho quan h$ hap ddng vd boi thuang thiet hai ngodi hgp dong co yeu to nude ngodi trong dy: thdo Bo ludt Ddn sif sua doi", Tap chi Kmh tg dli ngoai, s6 75, thang 9/2015.
3. Nguyen Ba Dien (chii bien), Giao trinh Tu phap quoc te, Nxb. Cong an nhan dan.
4. Do Van Dai va Mai Hong Quy, 2010, Tuphdp quoc te Viet Nam - Quan he ddn su, lao dgng. thuang mai CO yeu to nuac ngodi. Nxb. Chinh tn Quoc gia
5 Nguyen Ngoc Dien, 2005, "Che dmh ly hon trong Tuphdp quoc te cua Vi$t Nam ", Hoi thao ve Tu phap quoc te, Nha phap luat Vift - Phap, Ha N6i, thdng 5 nam 2005.
6. Monica-Elena Buruiana, L'applicatton de la loi etrangere en droit international prive (Ap dung luEit nucrc ngoai trong tu phap quoc te), Luan an tien sy Luat hoc, DH Bordeaux, bao ve nam 2016.
7. Bui Xuan Nh\r (chii bien), 2008, Giao trinh Tu phap qulc tg, Nxb. Cong an nhan dan.
8. Bui Thi Thu, "Van di bdo luu trat tu eong eong trong tu phdp quoc te Viet Nam ". trong Phap luat Viet Nam trong thin ky hpi nhap, sach chuyen khao in hanh nhan dip ky nifm 30 nam thanh llip Dai hpc lu$t Ha Npi. Co the xem dupe t^i https://thongtmphapluatdansu. edu. vn/2010/01 /25/4 340-2/ (truy c^p ngay 23/7/2018).
9. Nghi vien chau Au, "Interpretation de I 'excep- tion d'ordre public telle que prevue par les instru- ments du droit international prive et du droit proce- dural de I'Union europeenne" (Dien giai cac quy djnh ve trat tir eong trong cac van kien ve tu phap qu6c xk. va t6 tung cua Lien minh chau Au), 2011.
10. Nghi quySt s6 05/2003/HDTP ngay 31/7/2003 cua H^i ding Thlm phan Toa an nhan dan t6i cao.
CAN HVONG DAN...
(Tiep ttieo trang- 48) luan da quy dinh: "Khang dinh bi can phgm tdi gi, theo quy dinh tgi diem, khoan, dilu nao eua Bd ludt Hinh su - luu y trich ddn dilu lugt....Tai phdn quylt dinh eua ban cao trgng phai neu ro... tdi danh, din dilm, khoan, dieu eua Bd luat Hinh su...". Vi vdy, neu khi da trich dan cdc dilm d phdn kit luan ciia edo trang thi bdt budc phdi ttich dan dly du d phln quylt dinh, chu khdng the cd trudng hgp da trich dilm, khoan cua dieu luat d phan kit luan ma phln quylt dinh lai khdng trich dan nhu d vy an thd nhlt neu tren vd
nguge lgi.
Ddi vdi trudng hpp bi can chi mua ban, van ehuyin, tdng trir 01 logi ma tuy duge quy dinh d mgt diem cung vdi edc loai ma tuy khdc (heroin, hogc methamphetamine, hoae MDMA...) thi d phan ket lugn ciing nhu phan quyet dinh cua ban edo trang ehi can trich dan rieng chat ma tuy do ma khdng can trich dan du tat ca ede ehat ma tiiy quy dinh trong ciing diem theo dung mau cdo trgng cua VKSND tdi cao da ban hanh.
Tuy nhien, do chua cd van bdn hudng dan ehi tiet nen dan den edn cd nhung vudng mac va khdng thdng nhat nhu tten.
Rat mong lien nganh tu phap trung uong kip thdi hudng ddn de dia phuong thdng nhat thue hien.ni
I Tap chi
6 4 I KIEM S A T ^ So 07^020
