QUAN TR!-QUAN LV
HAI LONG VCfl CONG VIEC CUA NGl/DAN TAU CA: CAC YEU TO ANH HlJCfNG VA HAM Y CHINH SACH (TRlTCfNG H d P NGHIEN CtfU Of BINH THUAN)
• OINH PHI HO - N G U Y I N ANH TUAN
TOM TAT:
Binh Thuan co the manh ve tai nguyen bien, gom: danh bat thuy hai san ngoai khcfi, quy mo ldn tau ca danh bat xa bd, dai ngay da difdc trang hi dong bg thiet bi cd gidi khai thac, thong tin lien lac, do flm ca va co hdn 30.000 ngif dan dang hoat dong ngoai bi^n. Tuy nhiSn, ngtf dan tau ca gan vdi m6i tnfdng lam vi8c ngo§,i khdi xa, thdi hit thS't thu'dng, day rui ro lieu co anh hudng dS'n su" hai long vdi cdng vi§c cua ho?
Difa tr6n khao sat 481 ngil dan tau ca, thong qua md hinh Phan tich nhin td' kham pha, nghien ciJu da xac dinh cac yeu to' anh hu'dng de'n sif h^i long cdng vi6c cua ngif dan. Tuf do, tSc gid dtfa ra mdt sd^ gdi y chinh sach d^ nSng cao kha nang dap ilng sit hai long trong cdng viec cua ho.
Tuf khoa: Ngif dan tau ca, hai long cdng viec, md hinh phSn tich nhan to kham ph^, Binh Thuan, Viet Nam.
1. Gidti thi^u
Nghi danh bat tren bien d nifdc ta dong mot vai trd kha quan trong, viec tao dieu kidn thu|n ldi de ngif dan vifdn khdi, ham bien dai ngay la vsTn de ca'p thie't datra hien nay. Dong thdi, dd cung la cd sd, mdi trtfdng quan trong de khai thac td't tiem nang, ldi the cua da't ntfdc ve nguon tai nguydn bien, ddng gdp tich cifc cho phat trien kinh te, nang cao ddi sd'ng ngtf dan, khang dinh va bao v6 vBng chac chu quyIn, an ninh qud'c gia tren bien. Tim hieu ve stf hai long cdng viec cua ngtf dan la nen tang quan trong d^ hoach dinh chinh sach giup ho tie'p tuc bam bien, ttf hao vdi nghi nghidp va dam bao ldi ich cho ngtf dSn. Nghien cilu tap trung vao 2 va'n d^: (i) Nhan dien cac yeu td' anh htfdng de'n stf hai long cong vide ciia ngtf dan tau ca; (ii)Hara
y chinh sach nang cao kha nang dap dng stf h^i long cong viec cua ngtf dan.
Binh Thuin cd the' manh vl tai nguyen bien - danh bat thuy hai san ngoai khdi, vdi hdn 2.700 chie'c tau ca danh bat xa bd, dai ngay da dtfdc ttang bi dong bd thid't bi cd gidi khai thac, thdng tin hen lac, dd tim ca va cd hdn 30.000 ngtf dSn dang hoat ddng ngoai khdi. Nghien ctfu tien hanh khao sal trtfc tid'p 481 ngtf dSn lau ca tmh Binh Thuan nham tao c(5 sd thtfc tiln cho md hinh do Itfdng.
2. Tdng quan nghien cu'u 1.1. NgUd&ntducd
Ngtf dan hay dan chai hay dan danh ca la ngtfdi diing Itfdi, can cau ca, biy hoac cac dung cu khac de bat va thu gom ca hoac cac loai sinh vat thuy sinh ttf sdng, h6 hoac dai dtfdng. Ndi each khac, ngtf dtn la
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ngtfdi sd'ng bang nghi danh bdt ca. Hien nay, do cd stf chuyen ddi cd cS'u nghe nghidp trong bd phSn ngtf dSn, khai niem ngtf dan dtfdc md rdng hdn.
Theo dd, cd thi hiiu ngtf dan la nhiJng ngtfdi tham gia vao cac hoat dong danh bat, khai thac, nudi trdng, che bie'n va tid'p thi cac san pham hai san (FAO, 2019). Tau ca la tau, thuyen va cac ca'u true noi khae ehuyen dung cho khai thac, nudi trdng, bao quan, che bie'n thuy .san (Qud'c hOi, 2003).
1.2. Hdi long cong viec
Theo Weiss va cong stf (1967), hai long edng vide (Job satisfaction) la thai do vl cdng viec dtfdc the hien bang cam nhan, niem tin va hanh vi cua ngtfdi lao dong ddi vdi cdng viec minh trai nghiem.
Theo Zhang va Cheong (2011), hai long cdng vide la trang thai cam xiic bao gdm ca vui thich va khdng vui thich vdi cdng viec. Fisher (2000) cho rang, hai long edng viec the hien thai do bao ham hai thanh phan: (i) thanh phan anh htfdng (cam giae, cam xuc) va (ii) thanh phan nhan thtfc (so sanh, niem tin). Ong va cdng stf (2018) khai quat stf hai Idng cdng viec cd the dtfdc xem nhtf mdt phan dng day chuyin lien quan de'n ddng Itfc de thoa man mdt nhu eau. Ly thuye't dong Itfc con ngtfdi (Human motivation) dtfdc Maslow phat trien dau tien, giai thich hanh vi cua con ngtfdi bat ngudn ttf nhu cau va nhu'ng nhu cau cua con ngtfdi dtfdc sap xe'p theo mot thtf ttf ttf tha'p tdi cao.
Dich chuyin ttf nhu clu cd trinh do tha'p ehdng han nhtf nhu can tSm ly, nhu cau an toan, an ninh xa hdi de'n nhu cau long ttf trong va ttf the hien (Maslov, 1943). Dtfa vao kie'n thtfc cu the cua ngtfdi lao ddng, Herzberg (1976) phan nhu c^u cua con ngtfdi theo 2 mtfc dd va chinh dieu dd se anh htfdng tdi hanh vi cua con ngtfdi theo nhtfng each khac nhau: Khi con ngtfdi cam tha'y khdng thoa man vdi edng viec cua minh thi ho rS't lo lang ve moi trtfdng ho dang lam viee, cdn khi ho cam tha'y hai long vl cdng viec thi hp rat quan tam den chinh ban than cdng viec.
Herzberg cho rang nhtfng nhan td lam thoa man ngtfdi lao ddng khac vdi cac nhan to' tao ra stf thoa man. Do do, ong da phSn thanh 2 nhdm nhan to' tac ddng de'n stf hai long cdng viec: Duy tri (thanh ttfu, stf cdng nhan, ban thSn edng viee, trach nhiem, tie'n bd va stf phat tnen) va ddng vien (tao ra cd hdi eho nhan vien dat dtfdc thanh tieh, edng viec phii hdp vdi ky nang va kha nang, thang tie'n trong cdng ty, dao tao va phat trien). Theo Zhang va Cheong
(2011); Saari va Judge (2004); Branham (2005);
Gregory (2011), stf hai long cdng viec cd ttfdng quan vdi thanh qua, nang sua't cfia ngtfdi lao ddng va hieu qua cdng viec. Do dd, tiin hie'u eac yeu td anh htfdng de'n stf hai long cdng viee la thach thu'c cua cac nha quan ly va hoach dinh chinh sach.
1.3. Cdc ye'u to dnh hUdng den sif hdi long cong viec
Ttf cud'i thap nien 60, Smith va edng sif (1969) dtfa ra md hinh JDI (job descriptive index) ddnh gia stf hai long edng viec cua ngtfdi lao ddng dtfa trdn 5 ye'u to': (i) Ban cha't cdng viec, (ii) Cd hoi dao tao va thang tie'n, (iii) Lanh dao; (iv) Dong nghiep va (v) Thu nhap. Ttf thap nien 2000 de'n nay, nhilu nghien ctfu bd sung - hoan chinh theo dac thu nganh - nghe cu the, ttf dd, cd the tdng hdp eac yd'u td' Snh htfdng bao gdm: (i) Dilu kidn - mdi trtfdng lam viec; (ii) Tinh chat cdng viec; (iii) Thu nhap; (iv) Td chtfc quan tam; va (v) Stf hiJng thii trong cdng vide (Spector, 2000; Arnolds va Boshoff, 2001; Kinicki va edng stf, 2002; Luddy, 2005; Tran Kim Dung, 2005; Vidal va cong stf, 2007; Adomatiene va Slatkevieien, 2008; Afzal va cdng Stf, 2010; Steingrimsdott (2011); Pham Van Manh, 2012, Awan va Rizwan, 2014).
Dd'i vdi ngtf dan tham gia danh bat xa bd, Seara va cdng stf (2017) eho rang can quan tam de'n mdi trtfdng lam viec tren bien ca rdng Idn, di xa ngoai khdi, thdi tie't that thtfdng va lam viec ngoai trdi, day rui ro. Theo Whitehead va cdng stf (2008), ttf dac diem cua nghe nghiep ngtf dan, rui ro day ap dSn de'n tinh trang xung ddt gitfa cdng vide va gia dinh nen ein co stf hda nhap giffa ca 2 ye'u to nay.
Do dd, ngtf dan mud'n yen tam vdi cdng viec cua minh can cd stf nd Itfe ca nhan do'i pho vdi xung dot thdng qua: (i) ca nhan va gia dinh cd nhan thtfc dung mdi trtfdng lam viec; (li) cd stf hd trd eua Chinh phu va td chtfc dd'i vdi dac thii cdng vide; (iii) van hoa than thien vdi mdi trtfdng va edng ddng. Leposa (2018) cho rang dd'i vdi nghi danh bat ca, bien ca la nha, la gia dinh cua ngtf dan. Ngoai khai thac thuy san, bien cdn la ndi U:ai nghiem cho du lich bien, dam me mao hie'ra, chuyen ddi nghe sang du lich sinh thai bien, lang nghi danh bat.,
1.4. Md hinh nghien cdu
Dtfa vao tham khao cac nghien ctfu trong va ngoai ntfdc trong hai thap nien gan day, nhdm nghien ctfu Itfa chon md hinh nghien ctfu cho ngtf dan tau ca Binh Thuan nhtf sau: (Hinh 1)
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Hinh 7: Mo hinh nghien cCfu ( Nhan thtfc mdi trudng lam viec (RWE)
c
Chinh sach S Igi ich (PB) Van hda than thien vdi mdi trudngbien va gia dinh (CFS)
Gia thuye't nghien ctfu:
HI: Nhan thtfc mdi trtfdng lam vide tac dong CLing chilu vdi hai long cong viec.
H2: Chinh sach &. Idi ich tac dong ciang chilu vdi hai long edng viec.
H3: Van hda than thien vdi mdi trtfdng bien va gia ffinh tae ddng cilng chieu vdi hai Idng cdng viee.
H4: Quan tam Chinh phii & Td chtfc tac ddng ciing chilu vdi hai Idng cdng viec.
H5: Trai nghiem du lich bien tac ddng cung chieu vdi hai Idng cdng viec.
SAT = f (RWE, PB, CFS, GOC, EST) Ta't ca cac hie'n trong md hinh dtfdc do Itfdng bang thang do Likert 5 mtfc do. (Bang 1)
Bdng 1. Thang d o v d c d c bien quan sdt STT
1 1 2 3
4 5 6 II 7 8 9 10 11 II 12 13 14
Thang do va thanh phan Nh$n thiic moi tfUdng lam vi$c (Recognize worlting environment, RWE) Gia dinh cam thong v6i moi trudng iam viec trgn big'n.
IVloi trudng lam viec tren bien, ngoai trdi, thdi tiet gay anh hudng den sUc khde va tinh mang.
IVldi trudng lam viec bat on, tiem an nhieu rui ro: xung dot ngu trudng, lanh hai hay bi tan cdng bdi tau nude ngoai.
Ngu trudng bi anh hudng do bien ddi khi hau, thudng xay ra bao td iam chim tau va ngu dan danh bat ca tren bien.
Ngu trudng danh bat ca thay ddi nhieu noi, phai di xa
Nghe danh bat ca iam viec tren tau ca d ngoai khoi xa, CO don va rui ro cao hon nghe khac Quan tam cua Chinh phu va t^ chiic (Government and Organization cares, GOC) Ngu dan hudng chinh sach thi dua khen thudng.
Khen thudng ngu dan khi tnjng vu ca.
I^ieh giam phi bao hiem tai nan cho ngu dSn.
Mien giam hoc phi cho con em ngu d&n.
Bia phuong c6 chinh sach vinh danh ngu dan cd cdng tren bien.
Chinh sach va loi Ich (Policy and benefits, PB)
Ngu dan iam viec khdng ky ket hop ddng iao ddng quy dmh, nen khdng duoc hudng chinh sach' BHXH, y te, tai nan, that nghiep, huu tri.
Thu nhap ngu dan nghe ca chua du trang trai cho gia dinh
Ngu dan thieu su quan tam cua dia phuong: Dao tao nghe ca, mien giam hoc phi con em ngu dan; cham io ngay \€, let cho cac gia dinh cd truyen thong dl bien
Kyhl$u ma hoa RWE RWE1 RWE2 RWE3
RWE4 RWE5 RWE6 GOC G0C1 G0C2 G0C3 G0C4 G0C5 PB FBI PB2 PB3
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TAP CHl CONG THIfliNG
STT
15
16 III 17
18
19 20 21 IV 22
23 24 25 26 V 27 28 29
Thang do va thanh phan
Chinh phu chua cd chinh sach bao hd va ghi nhan tinh mang, tai san cua ngu dan khi gap rui ro tren bien do su co thiet bi cong nghe hoac thien tai do thdi tiet xau bat thudng.
Chinh phu chua cd chinh sach bao ho va ghi nhan tinh mang, tai san cua ngu dan khi gap rui ro tren bien do xung ddt ve ianh hai, bien dao qudc gia.
\/§n hoa than thl$n vdi moi trudng bien va gia dinh (Culture friendly to the sea and the family, CSF) Chij tau, nghiep doan td chUc giao luu ggp gd vao nhUng dip Tet, dam tiec tai gia dinh, td chUc du Ijch, nghi mat hang nam.
Chu tau, nghidp doan tham hoi gia dinh ngu dan, tang qua vao dip iCTiet, khai giang nam hoc, dm dau gap hoan canh khd kh3n.
Chu tau, nghidp doan td chile cho ngudi than gia dinh gap gd ngu dan lai noi lam vi$c ngoai bien khoi.
Ngu dan nghe danh bat ca se dao tao con em theo nghe ca truyen thdng.
Ngu dan duoc hudng nhiJng ngay nghi theo Luat Lao ddng de cham io hgnh phuc gia dinh.
Trai nghiem du lich bien (Expenence sea travel, EST)
Khi chO tau, nghiep doan nghe ca cd y dmh td chUc chuyen di an toan cho gia dinh gap gd ngudi than tai ndi ngu dan danh ca ngoai bien khoi.
Ngu dan cho gia dinh trai nghiem ra bien tham cho biet nOi lam vide tren tau ca ngoai khdi de giam bdt lo lang.
Td Chile nha nghi gia re, trai nghiem, gap gd ngudl than gan ndi ben cang neo dau tau ca.
Khi cd td ChUc du lich trai nghiem tren blln, ngu ddn gidi thieu ban be, ngudi than tham gia.
Khi nghe danh bat ca tren bid'n bi thu hep ngu trudng va san iUOng danh bat giam dan, nganh du lich trai nghiem ra bien, dao la hop vdi ehii truong cua Chinh phii.
Hai long (Job Satisfaction, SAT) Tdi hai Idng mdi trudng lam vide trdn bi^n.
Tdi hai Idng chinh sach, loi ich cho ngu dan nghd danh bat ca tren bien.
Toi hai Idng van hda than thidn vdi gia dinh vung bien.
30 1 Tdi hai idng vdi nghe danh bat ca tren bien.
Ky hi?u ma hoa PB4
PB5 CFS CFS1
CFS2
CFS3 CFS4 CFS5 EST EST1
EST2 EST3 EST4 EST5 SAT SAT1 SAT2 SAT3 SAT4
Dff heu dtfdc thu thap thdng qua phdng van trtfc tie'p 481 ngtf dan tau ca d tinh Binh Thuan, ttf thang 10/2019 de'n thang 12/2019 theo phtfdng phap lay mau phan tang thuSn tien bang bang cau hdi chi tie't de kiem dinh md hinh va eae gia thuye't nghien ctfu,
3. Ket qua va thao lu^n Vl ke't qua phan tich do tin cay (Bang 2)
Ke't qua the hien trong Bang 2
Bdng 2. Tin cdy thang do vd bien quan sdt bj loqi
STT 1 2 3 4 6 6
Thang do RWE GOC EST PB CFS SAT
Bien quan satbilo^l RWE5, RWE6
Khdng EST5 Khdng CFS5 Khdng
H$ s ^ Alpha 0,822 0,867 0,830 0,847 0,849 0,850
Ket lu$n Chat ludng tdt Chat iuong tdt Chat luong tdt Cha! luong tdt Chat luong td't Chat luang tot
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cho tha'y: Cac bie'n quan sdt bi loai: RWE5, RWE6, EST5 va CFS, cac bid'n quan sdt cdn lai deu thda man cac dieu kidn trong phan tich do tin cSy cua thang do thdng qua he so' Cronbach (he sd' Cronbach > 0,6 va ttfdng quan bie'n - td'ng > 0,3, Nunnally va Bumstein, 1994).
Ve Ke't qua phan tieh nhan to' kham pha (EFA) (Bang 3)
Ke't qua dtfdc trinh bay trong Bang 3 cho tha'y: Cac ye'u to' tac ddng de'n stf hai Idng cdng viec cua ngtf dSn dtfdc ttich thanh 5 yeu to' ttfdng tfng vdi cac bie'n do Itfdng cua md hinh ly thuye't vdi tdng phtfdng sai trich la 66,238% tai Eigenvalue la 1,855; EFA cua stf hai Idng dtfdc trich thanh 4 bie'n quan sat vdi phtfdng sai trich la 69,1% tai Eigenvalue la 2,764; Ket qua EFA dtfdc suf dung bang phtfdng phdp xoay Varimax.
Ghi chu: 0,5 < KMO < 1 (Hair va cdng stf, 2006), kiem dinh Barilett cd mtfc y nghia nho hdn 0,05; he so' tai nhan td' cua cac bie'n quan sat (Factor Loading) > 0,55 (Gerbing va Anderson, 1988), phtfdng sai trich > 50% va Eigenvalue > 1 (Gerbing va Anderson, 1988).
Kelt qua phSn tich hoi quy
Viec xem xet cac yd'u td' ddc l|p nao that stf tac dpng dd'n mtfc do hai Idng cdng vide se dtfdc thtfc hien bang phtfdng trinh h6i quy tuyd'n tinh:
SAT = bo + b|GOC + bjPB + b^CFS + b4EST+bgRWE + e,
Vdi P),: la hd so' hoi quy; e,' la sd' dtf (Residual)
Trong dd, eae bie'n dtfa vao phan tich hoi quy dtfdc tinh nhan so cua nhSn td' bang each tinh trung binh cdng cua cac bie'n quan sat thuoc nhSn td'dd. Cac bie'n trong md hinh hoi quy tuye'n tinh dtfdc giai thich qua Bang 4.
Bang 4 cho ke't qua cd 5 bie'n dam bao cd y nghia thd'ng kd vdi do tin cay tren 95%
(Sigmficance < 0,05; Green, 2003).
Theo Green (2003), md hinh ed R- di^u chinh la 0,532 cho bie't 53,2% stf hai Idng cdng vide cua ngtf dan dtfdc giai thich bdi cac bie'n trong md hinh hoi quy. Phan tich phtfdng sai (ANOVA) vdi kiem dinh F, mtfc y nghia (Sig.) < 0,05 va eac bien ddc lap ttfdng quan tuye'n tinh vdi bid'n phu thupc.
Bdng 3. Bo thang do mdi qua phdn tich nhdn to' khdm phd
Ma ti^n nhan to xoay
G0C3 G0C5 G0C2 G0C1 G0C4 PBS PB1 PB4 PB2 PB3 CFS3 CFS4 CFS2 CFS1 EST2 EST4 EST3 EST1 RWE2 RWE1 RWE4 RWE3 SAT1 SAT3 SAT2 SAT4
Component (Nh3n to) 1
0,816 0,814 0,809 0,772 0,754
2
0,842 0,795 0,788 0,740 0,713
3 4
0,826 0,826 0,803 0,790
0,809 0,809 0,787 0,743
Kaiser-Ivleyer-Olkin Measure (Thudc do KMO) Bartlett's Test:
Sig. (Kiem dmh Bartiett: MUc y nghTa)
% of Variance (Phuong sai trich) Eigenvalues (gia tn Eigen)
6 6
0,818 0,808 0,786 0,749
0,835
0,000 66,238 1,855
0,868 0,863 0,805 0,786 0,816
0.000 69,101 2,764
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TAP CHi CONG THIfdNG
Bang 4. Ket qud hoi quy
(Constant) GOC
PB CFS EST RWE
i1$ so chua chuan hoa (Unstandardlzed oefticients)
B -1,094 0,378 0,247 0,206 0,257 0,265
Std. Emir 0.196 0,039 0,037 0,041 0,039 0,037
HS so chuan hoa (Standanjized Coefficients)
Beta
0,327 0,220 0,166 0,228 0,238
Gia
-5,588 9,766 5,693 4.989 6,658 7,193
MI3cy nghTa (Sig,) 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000
TliongltecOng tuyen (Colllnearity Statistics) Tolerance
0,869 0.906 0.875 0,828 0,892
VIF
1,151 1,104 1,143 1,208 1,121 Bang 5. Tdm tdt md hinh
R
0,733 R2
0.537
R^di^u chinh (Adjusted R
Square) 0,532
Ldltjeuchuln (Std. Error) 0,4535
Gia tn ^dhg ke thay 6m (Change Statistics) R Square Change
0,537
F Change 110,167
Mtfc y nghTa cua gia tn F thay do!
{Sig. F Change) 0,000
Durbin - Watson
2,17
Cac bid'n ddc lap cd VIF < 10 (Belsley va cdng stf, 1980), khdng ed hien ttfdng cdng tuye'n. 1 < Gia tri thd'ng kd Durbin - Watson = 2,17 < 3, gia trj phan dtf khdng ed ttf ttfdng quan (Fomby va edng stf, 1984); Kiem dinh Park trong Hinh 2, quan he gifla phan dtf blnh phtfdng (USQUARE) va SAT cd dang tuyd'n tinh, khdng cd hidn ttfdng phtfdng sai phin dtf thay doi (Park, 1966).
Hinh 2: Kiem djnh Park
Ke't luan: Qua 6 kiem dinh, cac ye'u td' tac dong de'n stf Hai long cdng viec cua ngtf dan bao gom:
GOC, PB, CFS, EST va RWE.
Trong Bang 6, he so' hoi quy dtfdc chuIn hda cho bie't tam quan trong cua cac bie'n doc lap trong md hinh (Norusis, 1993). Bie'n GOC (Quan tam cua Chinh phu va To chtfc) cd he sd hoi quy la 0,327, cd nghTa la vdi 100% cac ye'u to' tac ddng de'n stf hai long, bie'n GOC chie'm 27,7%. Nhtf vay, bie'n nay cd vi tri quan trpng nhS't, anh htfdng de'n stf hai Idng cdng vide eua ngtf dan, ke I de'n la RWE (Nhan thtfc mdi trtfdng lam vide), EST (Trai nghiem du lich bien), PB (Chinh sach va ldi ich) va CFS (Van hda than thidn vdi moi trtfdng bi^n va gia dinh). Kd't qua nghien ctfu cho thay 5 gia thuye't dtfdc chap nhan.
4. Kd't luan va gdi y ve chinh sach - Nghien ctfu da xac dinh cac yd'u td' anh htfdng dd'n stf hai long cdng vide cua ngtf dan Binh Thuan, theo thtf ttf anh htfdng ttf manh de'n yeu nha't g6m: Quan tam cua Chinh phi va to chtfc; Nh3n thtfc mdi trtfdng lan; \igc; Trai nghiem du lich bien; Chinh sach v^i igi ich; v^
Nhan thtfc mdi trtfdng lam viec.
- Dtfa vao kd't qua nghien ctfu, de nang cao kha nang dap tfng stf hai long cdng viec cua eac ngtf dan, mdt sd gdi y chinh sach Cd n iap ^i-^j^g nhtf sau:
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Bang 6. MCfc d6 anh hadng cdc yeu td
GOC PB CFS EST RWE Tdng
H$ so Beta 0,327 0,220 0,166 0,228 0,238 1,179
V|tr[antitiuclng(%) 27,7 187 14,1 19,3 20,2 100
Ttlli \xf anh hudng 1 4 6 3 2
Ket qua Chap nhan H4 Chap nhan H2 Chap nhan H3 Chap nhan H5 Chap nhan HI
(1) Quan tdm ciia Chinh phu vd Td chdc Hoan thien cac chinh sach thi dua khen thtfdng, vinh danh nghe bien, phi bao hiem tai nan cho ngtf dan, quan tam hpc phi cho con em ngtf dan va quy hoach lang nghe danh bat thuy san de on dinh cudc sd'ng eho gia dinh ngtf dan.
(2) Nhgn thdc moi triidng lam vi$c Mac dii mdi trtfdng lam viec tren bien anh htfdng dd'n stfc khde va tinh mang, xung dot ngtf trtfdng, lanh hai hay bi tan cdng bdi tau ntfdc ngoai, rui ro bid'n ddi khi hau nhtfng ngtf dan vdn chfi'p nhan. Tuy nhien ne'u cd stf cam thdng cua gia dinh, ngtf dSn se an tam hdn trong edng vide cua ho. Do do, chinh quyen dia phtfdng cac cap nen quan tam dd'n gia dinh ngtf dan ve dieu kidn sd'ng, thdng tm kip thdi nhffng bie'n ddng thdi tie't khi hau, ve ngtf trtfdng, bien, cac chinh sach bao vd an toan, bao hd tau ca cho ngtf dan.
(3) Trdi nghifm du lich bien
Nganh du lich trai nghiem ra bien, dao trd nen phd bid'n tren the'gidi, thu hiit khach du lich. Chinh phu c^n quan tam hdn nffa dd'i vdi phat trien ITnh vtfc nay, qua dd cac nghiep doan nghe ca td chtfc chuyd'n di an toan cho gia dinh gap gd ngtfdi than tai ndi ngtf dan danh ca ngoai bien khdi; trai nghidm, gap gd ngtfdi than gan ndi ben cang neo
dau tau ca; phat tnen cac lang nghe ngtf dan tau ca thu hut du khach se tac ddng stf ttf hao va gan bd tren bien cho ngtf dan.
(4) Chinh sdch vd ldi ich
Chinh phu nen quan tam hoan thien cac chinh sach bao ve Idi ich eho ngtf dan bam bien bao gdm:
Hdp ddng lao ddng, bao hd va ghi nhan tinh mang, tai san cua ngtf dan khi gap rui ro tren bien do stf cd' thie't bi cdng nghe hoac thidn tai do thdi tie't xS'u bat thtfdng va gap rui ro tren bien do xung dot ve lanh hai, bien dao qud'c gia.
(5) Vdn hda thdn thi^n vdi mdi trddng biS'n vd gia dinh
Mdi cong ddng deu ed net van hda neng. Cong dong ngtf dan tau ca cd dac thu ridng biet la gan va sd'ng vdi bidn. Can co nhtfng nghien ctfu day du hdn ve van hda ngtf dan tau ca. Chu tau, nghidp doan nen quan tam de'n td chtfc giao Itfu gap gd ngtf dan va gia dinh vao nhtfng dip le hoi, cham sdc stfc khoe cho cdng ddng. Hdn nffa quan tam de'n dao tao cho con em ngtf dan theo nghe truyen thd'ng vdi cac chtfdng trinh hoc ve ky nang sd'ng, sfr dung eae phtfdng tien tau ea hien dai, kie'n thtfc ve cdng nghe thdng tin va bao quan sau thu hoach dd giam rui ro nghe bien va nang cao hidu qua, cung nhtf gdp phan bao ve tai nguyen bien •
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Ngay nh3n bai: 18/2/2020
Ngay phan bi$n danh gia va siJa chffa: 28/2/2020 Ngay cha'p nhSn dang bai: 6/3/2020
Thong tin tdc gid:
1. PGS.TS. DINH PHI HO TrifSng Dai hoc Phan Thie't 2. ThS. NGUYEN ANH TUAN Trung tam Thuy san TP. Hd Chi Minh
FACTORS AFFECTING THE JOB SATISFACTION OF FISHERMEN AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS:
CASE STUDY OF FISHERMEN IN BINH THUAN PROVINCE
• Assoc.Prof. Ph.D DINH PHI HO Phan Thiet University
• Master. NGUYEN AN TUAN Ho Chi Minh City Center of Seafood
ABSTRACT:
Binh Thuan province has strengths in marine resources including offshore fishing with many big offshore fishing vessels which have been fully equipped with motorized equipment for exploitation, communication, and fish detection. The province has more than 30,000 fishermen working for these offshore fishing vessels. However, the working environment for offshore fishing workers is dangerious with erratic weather and difficult outdoor working conditions. By surveying 481 fishermen and estabhshing an explanatory factor analysis model, this stody iden tiiied the factors affecting the job satisfaction of fishermen. These factors are listed in descending order of influence level, namely attention from the government and organizations, awareness of working environment, sea travelling experience, policies and benefits.
Keywords: Fishery workers, job satisfaction, explanatory factor analysis model, Blnh Thuan provmee, Vietnam.
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