Nghien cOu - Trao doi
Nghien cuti utig dung GIS xay duhg tliur ngliiem cof sof dufiieu de dieu pliuc vu
qiian ly dat dai of Hai Phong
O DONHUHIEP D^l hoc Tii nguyen vi Mdi trudng Hi Ndi
Tom tat
TrUdc day, cong tie quan ly, ho sd dU ligu de dieu d Hal Phdng dupe quan ly theo kieu thu cdng, l$p ho sd ly lich de dieu bang so sach. Cic so li$u ve de dieu dupe quan ly' thong qua vige tuu trd hi sd cua nhieu cip tUdia phUdng den trung Udng. Viec quan ly nay din den ho sd bi phin tin, vigc tra eUu cac dO ligu khd khan.
Do do, de phue vp tot hdn eho edng tie quan ly dit de dieu, can thiet ed mot cdng cy hien d^i nham quan ly cac thong tin ve di dieu mgt edeh ed hg thong, hiiu qua va tign Ipi dpa tren cdc tien bp mdi cua khoa hpc ki thuat, die biet li tin hge, giup ngudi quan ly khai thdc thdng tin nhanh, ehinh xie, dua ra dupe nhUng quyet dinh dung dan vd nhanh chong, duy tu stJra ehUa vi Ung eUu hg de trong mua lu kip thdi Bdi bdo ndy gidi thieu kit qua eua edng trinh:
"Nghien cUu Ung dung GIS xay dung thij' nghigm ed sd dU li$u de dieu phi^e vij cong tdc quan ly da't ndng nghiep d Hal Phong". Ket qua nghien eUu da gdp phan Idm cd sd 1^ luan vi quy trinh cong nghg xay dung ed dU li$u de dieu tren ed sd Ung dpng GIS. Dong thdi cung la ed sd dU lieu thd'ng nha't ve he thdng de dieu pht^e vu eho cong tie quan ly, qui ho^ch, phong chong lu lyt d Hai Phong.
I. Muc tieu nghien cuTu:
Nghien cUu Ung dyng GIS trong cdng tac quan ly de dieu phyc vy quan ly dat ndng nghiep; xay dUng thCf nghiem cd s6 dOf lidu de dilu tgi Tp. Hai Phdng.
II. Ooi tUdng va pham vi nghien ciiru: To chUe ed sd dQ lieu GIS va eau true cac Idp thdng tin trong cd sd dO lieu ve he thong d§ dilu; cd s6 dCf lieu ve he thong d§ dilu khu vuc nghien eUu; Ung dung cdng nghe GIS d pham vi lanh t h i Tp. nai Phdng.
III. Npi dung nghien cufu:
Quan ly va sii dyng he thing cac cdng trinh v l de dilu; quan ly theo ddi, phdng chong bao lut;
nghien cUu md hinh phan cap quan ly he thing cac cong trinh de dieu; hien trang to chUe thdng tin phuc vy quan \^ d§ dieu.
IV. PhL^cfng phap nghien cuTu: PhUdng phap thu thlp, phan tfch dO li§u; phUdng phap nghien eUu khu vue; phUdng phap phan tich va tong hdp he thong;
phUdng phap khai quat va trien ve doi tupng nghien eUu; phUdng phap thong k§.
V. Ket qua nghien cuTu Hien toan thanh pho cd 74 cong dudi de nguy hiem, khdng bSo dam phdng, chong lyt bao.
Khi cd bao Idn, trieu dang cao xay ra, nhOfng cd'ng nay chinh la an
hog gay ra su co vd de, gay ngap lut nghi§m trpng,„TU hien trang nay cd the thay, khi mua mUa bao din, h§ thing de dilu Hai Phdng cdn an hpa nhieu ndi lo. VI vSy, vide ChD ddng phUdng an hd de, phdng, chong lyt bao va bao ve cac trpng dilm xung y l u theo phUdng cham "bin tai cho" la bien phap phi cdng trinh can dUdc quan tam thuc hien
1. Yeu cau, nhi$m vp cua cdng tdc thiet ke cd sd dO ligu de dieu
a. Thiet ki ciu tnjccdsddUliiu Khi thiet ke ed s6 dO lieu khdng gian, cd hai thanh phin chfnh can dUdc thilt k l la: Thilt
2 2 Tdi nguyen yg Moi tru'dng | KV1-Thang 2/2019
ke ve phan manh, thiet k l v l phan Idp thdng tin.
Thilt ke v l phan mcinh;
Thdng thudng ton tai ba phUdng phap phan manh trong cd sd dU lieu la ludi d vudng, theo mot phan vung xac dmh, va theo mot vung t u d o b i t ky.
Thiet k l ve phan Idp thdng tin: De quan ly, cac doi tupng khdng gian dupe chia thanh cac Idp thdng tin khac nhau. cae doi tupng cd cung chung mpt logi thupc ti'nh dupe x i p vao mpt Idp thdng tin. Dya vao nhOng thupc tfnh Chung nhat, cac Idp thdng tin dupe gdp thanh nhdm.
b. Thiet kecdsdcBlliutiiugc tfnh Quy trinh thiet k l : De cd sd dU lieu thiet k l ra dupe si!r dung, khai thac cd hieu qua thi cac dO lieu trong dd phai dUdc chuan hda theo cac nguyen tac thd'ng nhat nham d^m bao muc dich: Tranh du thUa dU lieu, giam kich thUde cd sd dU lieu, ddn gian hda vide tim kilm, ddn gian hda truy van.
Viec chuin hda dO lieu thudc tinh thudng thuc hien theo ba dang chuan sau:
Chuin dang mdt. Day la mUc khdi dau cua chuan hda cP s6 dCf lidu. V l ban chat tat ca cac b^ng quan hd d I u thudc chuan mot, nghla la khdng ed nhdm lap lai va chi cd mdt gia tri duy nhit eho mdi cap ddng, cot.
Chuan dang hai: Chuan dang hai dUPc thilt k l tren chuan mdt va cd them mot yeu cau la eae cot khdng khda phai phu thupc vao khda.
Chu^ dang ba: La chuin d^ng hai, thdm yeu cau la chi cd trudng khda mdi anh hudng tdi trudng khdng khda, cac trudng khdng khda khdng phu thudc ham lan nhau. Day la dang chuan thdng dyng nhat va tat ea cac cd s6 dU lidu dIu phai dat dupe chuan nay.
Mau so sach, bang b i ^ tren gily
Quy ve cac ddi tiigng chuin dgng mgt |
Quy vg cac doi tugng chuan dgng bai
Quy vh cac doi tugng chuan dang ba Sd do quy trinh thiit ki ed sddUligu
2. Thuf nghl$m xay dpng cd sd dCt li$u de dieu Tp.
Hai Phong
Phan mem ArcGIS dUde lUa chpn de xay dUng CSDL d§ dilu cija Tp. Hai Phdng. Sd d l quy trinh edng nghe tong quat xay dung CSDL de dilu Tp. Hai Phdng dupe khai quat nhU sau:
Xac dinh muc tigu. nhiem vu CSDL
T
Tl thao. p h i n tich. dfinb a ^ t i r l i g u | XSc dmh muc dich. Q6I duna ciia CSDL
Jl
i
T h i a k e c o s o d t t l i e u
Xay duna eg sg dO lieu
Bian ItD. trinh b^v ci
In IM. k i l m tra. chinh si
H o i n thien. done a*
Cd sd dU lieu de dilu Tp. Hai Phdng cd giao dien than thien vdi ngUdi dung, d l hieu, vdi cac chUe nang ed ban nhU: LUa chpn, liet ke (Select By Attributes), bao cao (Create Reports), hiln th[ thdng tin doi tupng (Open Attributes Table)... Sau khi truy xuat thdng tin tu CSDL thi se liet ke thdng tin doi tupng cua CSDL dUdc hien thi tren man hinh cho ngudi dung.
VI. Ket luan
D l tai nghien cUu da dat dupe nhOfng k i t qu&: Ting hpp dupe eae van de v l quan ly
de dilu va tong quan v l CSDL de dilu.
Ket qua xay diing CSDL cd the dung dupe trong thuc t i l n nghien cUu la luu trO, cap nhat, lien k i t dU lidu de Ung dgng cho viec xay dung md hinh cung nhU cae edng tac nghien cUu khac.
Kit qua xay dung CSDL trdn cd sd lien k i t giOa dfj' lieu thudc tfnh va dU lidu khdng gian cho phep ngUdi dung cd t h i truy cap eae dCi' lieu mdt each thuan tien thdng qua vide Ung dyng toi da giao dien ci!ia ArcGIS va eung hoan toan phu hpp vdi yeu eau va XU t h i phat then hien nay dd la Ung dung cdng nghd GIS trong viec qukn ly he thing de dilu.
Da xay dung dUdc mpt cau true eP sd dU lidu phu hdp vdi cae yeu eau c i n thiet cua cac nghien cUu vdi quy hoach.
He thong thdng tin ban do va thu vien thdng tin ngudn (Meta- Data) dUdc luu trQ, quan ly va dUdc lien k i t vdi nhau trong CSDL - GIS, chung d l dang dupe hiln thi, tim kilm thdng tin va SLf dyng linh hoat trong nhQng myc dfeh khac nhau.
Tai li#u tham khSo 1. Bd TN&MT (2007), Quy dinh ip dung chuin thdng tin dia ly ed sd quoc gia.
2. Chi cue thuy Idi Hai Phdng, Bieu so Hiu thong ke, thdng tin he thong de diiu TP. Hai Phdng.
3. Nguyin Tran Cau va Nguyin Cam Van (1995), He thdng tin dia /)' vd xay dUng ed sd dO lieu dia ly bin dd hanh chinh de quin ly lanh tho, Tap chl dja ehinh.
4. Le Huynh, Le Ngpe Nam, Vu Bich Van, Trln Minh Y (2003), Bin dd hoc chuyen de, NXB GD Hi Ndi.
5. Nguyin Ngpc Thach va nnk Vien tham vi GIS Ung dung. 2003M
Tdi nguyen vd Mdi tru-ong | Ky 1 - Thang 2/2019 2 3
