KHOA HOC C d N G NGHE
HAIXIH VI CHI T R A T H E M CHO SAIXI PHAM RAU AIM TOAIXI:
TRUOIXIG HOP IVGUdi TIEU OUIXlEi TAI THAIXIH PHO CAO LAIVH, TilVH DOIXIG THAP
Nguyen Minh Tridt\ Trinh Dieu Hi^^
T6MTAT
Mue ti6u cua bai vi^t nhdm phan tich cac yeu td anh huong d^n quyet dinh chi tra them cho san phdm rau an toan cua nguoi tieu dimg tai thanh phd Cao Lanh, tinh Dong Thap va de xuat mpt sd giai phap gop phan phat trien san xuat va thiic day heu dimg rau an toan tren dia ban. Ket luan nghien ciiu dua tren sd li€u khao sat thirc te 142 nguoi tieu diing, nghien clhi sir dung phuong phap thdng ke mo ta va mo hinh hdi quy. K^t qua nghien ciiu cho thay, 89,44% nguoi tieu diing sSn long chi tra them Uen de mua rau an toan, trong khi 10,56% khong dong y. Quyet dinh chi tra them cho rau an toan ciia ngiroi tieu diing tren dia ban chiu anh hudng bdi 5 yeu td gom tuoi, kinh nghidm mua rau an toan, miic dp di tim cua san pham, sir tm tudng va nhan hieu san pham.
Tii kh6a: Hanh vi chi tra them, ngudi tieu dung, rau an toan.
I.DATVANOE
Rau la thuc pham vd cung quan hpng hong biia an ciia cdc gia dinh Viet Nam, cung cap nhidu duong chat cd ich cho co the. Tuy nhidn, hong thdi gian qua mdt sd ndng ddn vi loi ich truoc mat ma thuc hien quy hinh san xudt khdng diing cdch lam san pham rau tuoi khdng dam bao heu chuan chat lupng, gdy nguy hai cho siic khde cdng ddng. Vdi tdm ly dat hdu chuan chat luong cao cho thuc pham, bdi trir cdc san pham cd ngudn goc khdng ro rang, cu dan thanh tbi ngdy cdng ua chudng thuc pham sach ndn hp hm den nhirng loai rau duac chiing nhdn an toan (cdn gpi Id rau an todn - RAT) de bdo ve sire khoe gia dinh.
Ddng Thdp Id tinh sdm tnen khai de an tai ca can ngdnh ndng nghidp nhdm ndng cao gia hi gia tang va phat tnen bdn vung hen co sd ddi mdi to chiic san xuat, day manh hop tdc, hen ket, ddc biet la hen ket giira sdn xuat va tieu thu, ling dung khoa hpc cdng nghe, sdn xuat an toan va bao ve mdi trudng smh thai. Phdt hien san xuat RAT cung Id mdt trong nhung dinh hudng quan hpng cua tinh nhdm hudng den mdt nen nong nghiep hien dai vd ben virng. Cdc du dn san xudt RAT thdi gian qua dat nhieu ket qud kha quan, gdp phan ndng cao thu nhdp cho ndng dan, giai quydt hieu qua van de lao ddng vd viec lam dnong thdn (My Ly, 2013). Tinh Ddng Thdp ddt mue
Cue Thue tinh Dong Thap
^ Khoa Kinh tk - Thiiy san, Tnrdng Cao dSng Cong ddng C^
Mau
heu den nam 2020, dien hch hong RAT hon 1.000 ha, phat tnen nhirng viing chuyen canh tap trung d cdc huyen Hong Ngir, Thanh Binh va Chau Thanh. Cdc loai rau mdu trdng chu luc la vung, ngd, dau tuong vd dt (Bdo mdi, 2017).
Cung vdi miic sdng ngdy cang ndng cao, nhan thiic ciia ngirdi ddn ve san xuat va tidu dung RAT de bao ve siic khoe va ban che o ntiidm mdi trudng dd tdng len ddng ke. Tuy nhidn, san xuat RAT thudng tdn kem vd vat va hon so voi rau mau thong thirong, vi vay ma gia ban cung cao hon. Day dupe xem Id rao can ldn nhat hong viec day manh heu diing vd nhan rdng cac md hinh san xuat RAT hen dia ban bien nay. Nghien ciiu ndy nhdm ddnh gia lieu ngudi hdu diing (NTD) o thanh phd CTP) Cao Lanh cd sdn long chi ha them va cdc yeu td ndo anh hudng den quyet dinh chi ha them hdn de mua RAT. Ket qud nghien ciiu Id CO sd quan hpng de ngudi sdn xuat, don vi phan phdi RAT va cac ben hen quan khac cd nhiing dieu chinh cdn thiet nhdm day manh khau tieu dimg va tao dieu kien nhdn rdng cdc md hinh san xuat RAT cung nhu cd chidn luge kmh doanh phii hop vdi viec chi hd them cua NTD.
2 . MO KiMH VA PHUONG PHAP RffiHIBV CUU 2.1. Mpt sd khdi nidm
Theo quy dinh ve quan ly san xuat va chiing nhan RAT cua Bd Ndng nghiep vd Phat hien ndng thdn thi RAT la nhung san pham rau tuoi (bao gdm tat cd cac loai rau an la, thdn, cii, hoa, qua, hat, cdc
125
KHOA HOC C6NG NGH|
loai nam thuc pham,...) dupe san xuat, thu hoach, sa chd, bao gdi, bao quan theo quy trinh bao dam didu kien an todn thuc pham, ve smh mdi tnrong va dat heu chuan RAT theo quy dinh (heu chuan vd miic gidi han tdi da cho phep cua hdm lupng nihat NO3., mirc gidi han toi da cho phep cua mdt sd kim loai nang vd ddc td, sd luang vi sinh vat, vd miic du lupng tdi da cho phep cua mdt sd thudc bao ve thuc vdt hen sdn pham rau tuoi).
Cac san pham RAT trudc khi dua vao luu thdng tren thi trudng phai ddm bao cdc didu kien: (1) Cd giay chiing nhdn chat lupng RAT do td chiic chiing nhan chdt luong cd tham quydn cap; (2) Cd bao gdi thich hpp de dam bao chat lupng va ve sinh an toan thuc pham, tnrdng hop khdng the bao gdi kin phai diing ddy budc hoac dung cu chuydn dung de thudn loi cho khau van chuyen, bao quan vd heu thu; (3) Cd nhan hang hoa gdn lidn vdi bao gdi, ddy budc hoac gdn true hep vdo timg sdn pham (cu, qua); viec ghi nhan hang boa RAT phdi thuc hien theo dung quy dinh ghi nhdn hang hod.
Theo Huynh Thi Ngpc Diep vd Hd Huy Tuu (2013), chi ha thdm dupe do ludng d sd tidn hoac phan ham chi ha them cho cdc sdn pham cd hnh nang vupt trdi so vdi gia thdng thudng. Hdnh vi chi tra them cua NTD thudng didn ra ddi vdi sdn pham thdn thien vdi mdi hudng hay san pham cd ddc tinh tdt cho siic khoe. Cdc san pham ndy dupe bdn hdn thi hudng vdi miic gid cao hon so vdi gid cua san pham thdng thudng khac boi chi phi dau vao cao va nang suat dau ra thap ban. Do dd, cdc san pham nay chi cd the tdn tai hdn thi frudng khi NTD chap nhdn chi tra them mdt khoang hpp ly de mua.
2.2. M6 hinh nghidn ciki
Theo Nguyen Van Thudn va Vo Thanh Danh (2011), phan Ion NTD RAT cd hiu nhap hrong ddi cao. Cd ba yeu td anh hudng den hanh vi tieu dimg RAT la khoang each mua hang, Idng hn cua khdch hdng va tinh sdn cd ciia san pham (san pham cd dd ddng tmi thay hay khdng). Mdt nghidn cuu khac cua Hai etal., (2013) vi su sdn long chi tra cho sdn pham rau hiru co b Ha Ndi cho thay, NTD sdn sang mua rau huu co vdi gia cao khoang 70% so vdi rau thdng thudng. Nhiing ngudi cd thu nhap cao, quan tdm nhieu den su an todn ciia rau qua va dd co kinh nghiem tidu dimg rau hiiu ca se ha gid cao hon.
Ngodi ra, gidi tinh, hpc van, thu nhap cung cd anh hircmg. Tuong tu, Dd Thi My Hanh vd cdng su (2015)
cho rdng, mirc dd sdn ldng chi h a cua NTD phu thuoc vdo cdc yeu to nhu dp tudi, viec dd timg mua RAT bay chua, hidu biet ve khdi nidm RAT, miic dd nhdn thiic vd Ipi ich ma RAT dem lai vd miic dd nhay cam ve gid. Nghien cuu cua Senyolo etal, (2014) cho thay, gidi tinh, tudi tdc, khoang cdch, sd thich, sir sdn cd cLia san pham vd dia didm smh sdng d* thdnh thi cd anh hudng den su sdn ldng chi fra cua NTD.
Tuong tu, Ngd Quang Hdi vd Vu Quynh Hoa (2016) hong nghien ciiu nhdn thiic ciia NTD d TP Ha Ndi ve thuc pham hiiu ca cho thay, cdc yeu td ve su an todn, nhdn hieu, dp tudi, hpc van vd nhirng NTD la cong chiic, giao vidn cd anh hudng den nhdn thiic ve thuc pham hiru ca. Theo Sarma va Raha (2016), cac yen to gidi tinh, thu nhap, trinh dd hoc van, nhan thiic ciia NTD vd ngudn goc san pham cd anh huong hch cue den quydt dmh chi ha cho thuc pham hihi CO. Theo Muhammad etal., (2015) cdc yeu td nhu tudi, qudc tich, giao due, quy md gia dinh va thu nhap cd anh hudng den quyet dinh ha hdn cao hon cua NTD cho thuc pham hiiu co. Trong khi dd, nghidn ciru ctia Huynh Thi Ngpc Diep vd Hd Huy Tim (2013) cho thay, cdc yeu td nhu su quan tdm siic khde, rui ro cdm nhan, su hn tudng va thdi dp ddi vdi sdn pham cd tdc dong hch cue ddn su sSn ldng chi ha them cua NTD. Ngoai ra, mdt sd ydu td mdi phat hien qua nghien ciiu cua Sriwaranun etal, (2013) NTD se ha gid cao hon khi hp cd kinh nghiem hong viec mua san pham, quan tam nhieu den van dd dao diic, moi trudng, chat lupng ciing nhu Ipi ich vi siic khde cua sdn pham va khi ho cu tni d thdnh thi.
Theo Acheampong etal, (2012), quyet dinh chi ha them cho RAT cua NTD chiu dnh hudng tich cue bdi viec ghi nhdn phdn loai hang hda, hinh thiic san pham, sir sdn cd vd tuoi ngon cua san pham.
Nhin chung, cd khd nhieu nghien ciiu ve hdnh vi heu dung va su sdn ldng chi ha ciia NTD cho RAT.
Tuy nhien, cd rat it nghien ciiu vd cac yeu td anh hudng den quyet dinh chi tra them hen de mua RAT.
Tren co sd tham khao ly thuyet va cac nghidn ciiu thuc nghiem trudc ddy, ddng thdi sii dung phuong phap thao ludn nhdm vdi 10 NTD cd su dung RAT hdng ngay de lua chon cdc bidn, md hinh nghien ciiu de xuat cd bien phu thudc Id quydt dinh chi ha them tien (CHITRATHEM) va 10 bien ddc lap gdm: hidi (TUOI), giai tinh (GIOITINH), hiu nhap (THUNHAP), trinh dp hoc van (HOCVAN), kinh nghidm mua RAT (KINHNGHIEM), mue dp de tim
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 12/2018
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
(DETIM), su hn hidng aiNTUONG), mdi h^ong (MOITRUONG), nhdn hieu (NHANHIEU) va siic khde (SUCKHOE). Md hinh cu the nhu sau:
CHPTRATHEM ^ p^ + fiiTUOI + ^filOlTlNH ^
^sTHUNHAP + p^OCVAN + ji^NHNGHLEM •<-
^eDBTlM + p/TLNTUONG -h p^OLTRUONG ^ pgNHANHLEU-hp,SUCKHOE.
2.3. Phuong phdp nghito oiu
Phuang phdp thdng ke md ta dupe su dung de phdn tich ddc tinh mdu nghien ciiu va miic sdn long chi tra them. Md hinh udc lupng hdi quy nhi phan (Binary Logishc) duac su dung de xac dinh cdc yeu td dnh hudng den quyet dinh chi ha thdm cho RAT nhu sau:
Trong do: Y Id bien gia, co gid tn bdng 1 (neu ngudi tieu dimg chap nhan ha thdm tidn) va bdng 0 (neu ngudi tieu diing khdng chap nhdn chi hd them);
X, Id cdc ydu td dnh huong den quyet dinh chi h a them; p la phan du. Dang tong quat cua md hinh hdi quy Binary Logishc nhu sau:
._ f'"(^ = i>l
ypiY = o)j . ^ / ' i - ^ i ^,Jif, + 0jX^- ..+p„x„
Trong dd, P(Y=1) = PQ: Xac suat ngudi heu diing chap nhdn ha them hen; P(Y=0) = 1 - PQ: Xdc suat ngudi tidu diing khdng chap nhdn chi ha them. X^ Id cac bien ddc lap hay cac yeu td cd kha ndng anh hudng den quyet dinh chi hd them cua NTD (Xi - Xio),cu the nhu sau:
Bang 1. Di§n gidi cdc b i ^ ddc lap trong mo hinh nghidn ciiu Bien ddc Idp
TUOI (Xi) GIOITINH (Xa) THUNHAP (X3) HOCVAN (X4) KINHNGHIEM (X5)
DETIM (Xg) TINTUONG (X,) MOITRUONG (X«)
NHANHIEU (Xg)
SUCKHOE QCio)
Y nghia Tudi cua NTD tinh bdng sd ndm (tudO.
Gidi tinh cua NTD, nhdn gia hi 1 neu NTD Id nam vd nhan gid tri 0 neu la nir.
Thu nhdp binh qudn hang thang cua NTD (trieu ddng/thdng).
Trinh do hoc van cua NTD (1 = trung hpc phd thdng h d xudng, 2
= trung cap, cao dang, 3 = dai hoc, 4 = sau dai hoc).
Kinh nghiem mua RAT cua NTD, nhdn gid tri 1 ndu NTD da timg cd kinh nghiem mua RAT va nhdn gid tri bang 0 neu ngupc lai.
Miic dp de tim cua san pham RAT, nhdn gid tri la 0 neu khong de tim thay va nhdn gid tri la 1 neu nguac lai.
Su tin tudng cua NTD vao RAT, nhdn gid tri 1 neu cho rdng RAT dam bao chat lirong nhu cam ket, nguoc lai nhan gid tn 0.
Miic dp quan tdm ve tdc ddng ddi vdi mdi tnrdng khi hdu dimg RAT, nhdn gid tri 1 neu NTD cho rdng heu diing RAT gdp phan bdo vd mdi tnrdng vd nhdn gid tri 0 ndu ngiroc lai.
Miic dd quan tam ve nhdn hieu san pham, nhdn gid tri 1 ndu NTD cd quan tdm vd nhdn gid tn 0 neu nguoc lai.
Miic dp quan tdm ve tac ddng ddi vdi siic khde cua san pham, nhdn gid tn 1 ndu NTD cd quan tam vd nhan gid tri 0 neu cho rdng binh thuong.
K^ vong + + + -H
-H
+
+
-H
+
+
Nghidn ciru dmh lupng vdi dii lieu duoc thu thdp tir 142 NTD dTP. Cao Lanh. Phuang phdp chpn mdu thuan hen dupe sii dung de tiep can ddi tupng didu ha va phong van true tidp bdng bang eau hdi cau tnic. Phieu khao sdt cd thiet ke phan sdng lpc thdng tin de ddm bao chpn dung ddi tupng nghidn ciru. Dia didm khao sdt bao gdm sieu thi, chp truyen thdng, d- cdc ca quan, trudng hpc va phong van true hep tai noi d cua NTD hen dia bdn.
3.KETQUAIUGHBVCUU
3.1. Khdi qudt thuc hang san xudt RAT tai tinh Ddng Thdp
Du an viing san xudt RAT tinh Ddng Thdp (giai doan 2008 - 2015) da duac phd duyet cd dien tich 819 ha. Ndm 2013, tinh Dong Thap dieu chinh giam cdn 583,5 ha. Tuy nhien, den nam 2015, kdt qua thuc hien la 312,7 ha (chi dat 53,6% ke hoach). Vdng quay san NONG NGHIEP VA PHATTRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 12/2018 127
xudt 3 vu/ndm, tuong duong didn tich gieo hong cd nam 2015 dat 938,1 ha, chu yen la cdc loai cu, hdnh la, dua chuot vd rau an la (UBND tinh Ddng Thap, 2016). Ngdnh nong nghiep tinh Ddng Thap thudng xuyen td chirc tap huan, chuyen giao khoa hpc ky thudt ve quy trinh sdn xudt RAT, sir dung thudc bao ve thuc vdt... Den nay dd td chirc thuc hien 81 md hinh san xuat RAT vdi cac loai rau: cu cai, hanh Id, dua chudt, dua hau, cdi ngpt, cdi xanh, rau mudng, xd lach... vdi hon 100 ndng ddn tham du. Ngodi ra, tinh cdn xay dung 7 md hmh nhdn nudi ehe pham phdn bdn VI sinh hen rau vdi 40 ndng dan tham gia, giam trung bmh 30% lupng phdn ldn vd 50-70% luong phan dam nguydn chdt so vdi nong ddn ngodi md hinh, giam 3-5 lan thude hoa hpc ma vdn dam bao nang suat, dem lai hieu qua kinh td cao (Bdo mdi, 2017).
Theo Sa Nong nghiep vd Phdt trien ndng thdn Ddng Thap, hieu qua kinh te khi sdn xuat rau man an toan cao hon tir 1,7-16,4 lan so vdi trdng lua. Cu the, loi nhuan cao nhat la cay bt 164,1 trieu ddng/ha, cay vimg 31,7 trieu ddng/ha, cdy ngd 17,6 trieu dong/ha, cdy Ilia 10,6 tneu ddng/ha, thap nhat Id cdy ddu nanh (10 trieu ddng/ha). Tinh Ddng Thap cdn hd h p gidng de chuyen ddi tir trdng liia sang hdng cay mau tren ddt trdng lua. Theo dd, dmh miic hd h p gidng ddi vdi cdy vimg Id 800.000 ddng/ha, cac loai cdy mdu vd rau khdc la 2 trieu ddng/ha (Bao mdi, 2017).
Tinh Ddng Thap ed dieu kien tu nhidn, khi ban, tho nhuong thich hop cho phat hien sdn xuat RAT.
Ngudi ddn cd nhidu kinh nghiem Mm ndng, thi trudng RAT cd nhu cau ldn. Ben canh do, viec nhan rdng cac md hinh san xuat RAT rdt duoe Uy ban nhan dan tinh quan tdm, ehi dao va tao dieu kien thudn lai de phat tnen. Tuy nhidn, vdn cdn nhieu khd khan nhu:
- Viec san xudt RAT phai dp dung cac tieu chuan, quy chuan theo diing quy dinh. Tuy nhien, cdng tac quan ly sdn xuat RAT hien nay rat khd khdn do ndng ddn san xuat quy md nhd vd phdn tdn. Cac loai cdy trdng chua da dang, cd thdi diem du thira hoac thieu hut san pham.
- Cdc doanh nghiep kinh doanh thudc bao ve thue vdt hen tuc quang cdo vdi nhidu hinh thirc khuyen mai hap ddn. Ngudi hdng rau khd khan trong viec lira chon diing thudc, nhat Id ddi vdi nhiing ddi tirpng chua qua cdc lap ddo tao, tap huan ky thudt san xuat RAT. Ngodi ra, quy trinh san xuat RAT theo VietGAP phiic tap hong khi hinh dd cua mdt bd
phan ndng dan cdn thap ndn khd tiep can, con liing hing vd chua quen viec ghi "nhat ky". Nhieu ndng dan con quen vdi vdi tap qudn canh tac lac hdu md chua chiu cai Hen.
- Ngirdi hdu diing khd phdn biet RAT ed nguon goc, xuat xii ro rang vdi cdc loai rau thdng thudng khdc bdng cam quan. Ngudi san xuat chua bdn dupe RAT theo diing gid tri, trong khi do cd rat it heu thuong, doanh nghiep kinh doanh, tidu thu RAT.
- Su lien ket giira cae doanh nghiep, hop tac xd vdi ndng dan khdng chat che, chua hdi hda loi ich giira ede ben nen cdc hpp ddng de bi phd va. Cdc hpp tdc xd mdi chi ddp iing mdt sd dich vu ddu vao, thieu von va chua dam bao dau ra cho xd vien (Sd Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thon Ddng Thdp, 2016).
3.2. Hdnh vi chi h a them cho RAT ciia NTD Mdu nghien ciru chinh thiic su diing lam dii heu trong nghien ciiu la 142 NTD d T P Cao Lanh, hong dd cd 77,46% la nirva 22,54% la nam. Ve nghd nghiep, NTD la ndi h a chiem 45,77%, nhdn vidn van phdng, cdng chiic nhd nude chiem 31,69%, kinh doanh tu do chiem 14,09%, cdn lai Id nghe nghidp khdc (8,45%).
Viec mua thuc pham thudng do phu nir thuc hien nen ddi tupng Id nir va ndi h o chidm ty hpng ldn hon frong mdu nghien ciai la phii hpp vdi thuc td. Ve trinh dd hoc van, cd 26,06% NTD trong mdu cd trinh do trung hpe phd thPng trd xudng, 32,39% ed trinh dd trung cap, cao ddng, 38,73% cd trinh dp dai hpc, cdn lai la sau dai hpc (2,82%).
Bang 2. Mdt sd dgic di^m mdu nghidn a i u Chi tigu
Tuoi Thu nhap
Quymo gia dinh
Nho nhat 19 2 2
Ldn nhat 60 17 10
Tmng binh 28,48
3,91 4,67
Do lech chuan
8,14 1,68 1,46 Ngudn: Sdhdu khio sit thuc tenam 2016 Tuoi trung binh ciia NTD trong mdu nghidn ciiu la 28 tudi, ldn nhat Id 60 tudi va nhd nhdt la 19 tuoi.
Thu nhap trung binh Id 3,91 hieu ddng/thang. Quy md gia dinh trung binh la 5 ngudi, it nhat la 2 ngudi vd ldn nhat Id 10 ngudi. Theo ket qud khao sdt, co 89,44% NTD sdn ldng chi h a tiidm cho RAT. Chi cd 10,56% NTD hong mdu khao sat khong mudn fra thdm hdn de mua rau dupe chirng nhan an todn.
Nguyen nhdn do NTD cdn nghi ngai ve chat lupng, khdng c6 thdng tin vd diem ban, khdng thudn tidn de NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 12/2018
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE mua va do gia cao hon rau binh thudng trong khi fhu
nhap cua mot bo phan nguoi dan con thap. Ngoai ra, cac san pham RAT chua da dang cung la nguyen nhan lam NTD chon mua rau thong thuong de da dang cac loai rau xanh cho bua an gia dinh thay vi RAT. Trong khi do, cac nguyen nhan chu yeu lam NTD sSn long chi tra them cho RAT the hien qua bangs.
Bang 3. Nguy6n nhan NTD sfa Ibae chi tra th6m Nguyen nhan san long chi
tra them Nhan thiic an toan va tot cho site khoe
D^ mua, dg tim Khong ton du hoa chat, thuoc bao ve thuc vat Theo xu huong lua chon cua sd ddng NTD
Da dang, nhieu loai san pham
Co nhan hieu, nguon goc xuat xu rd rang Mudn khuyen khich them nhieu ngudi san xuat an toan Bao ve mdi trudng Tac dong tir truygn thdng tren bao dai, internet Ly do khac
Tdng
Sd lua chon
121
13 106 13
21
93
66
88 28
3 552
Ty trong
(%)
21,92
2,36 19,20
2,36
3,80 16,85
11,96
15,94 5,07
0,54 100 Ngudn: Sdlidu khio sit thue td'nam 2016 Bang 3 cho thay nhung ly do ea ban ldm NTD sdn ldng fra thdm tidn de mua RAT. Theo dd, cd 21,92% cdu ha Idi nguyen nhan chi ha thdm cho RAT la do nhan thuc ve su an todn cho sue khde cua eac loai rau duoc chimg nhdn. Dieu ndy cho thay, van de sire khde ludn dupe NTD quan tam khi lua chpn thuc pham. Thdi gian qua, nhidu vu ngd dpc thuc pham, thdng tin ve thirc pham ban xuat hien thudng xuyen fren bdo chi,... lam NTD hoang mang nen van de sue khde dupe ho dat len hdng dau khi chi tieu cho thuc pham sach. Cd 19,20% nguydn nhdn Id do NTD ddnh
gid RAT khong tdn du hda chat, thudc bao vd thuc vat. Ngodi ra, RAT cd nhdn hieu, nguon gde xuat xii ro rdng, y thiic bao vd mdi trudng vd mudn khuyen khich them nhieu ngudi san xuat RAT eung Id nhtrng nguyen nhdn quan hpng ldm NTD sdn sang chi ha them hen. Cac dia diem chii ydu NTD mua RAT the hien qua bang 4.
Bang 4. Bia dilm mua RAT Dia diem mua
Diem ban RAT Sieu thi Cha truyen thdng Khac
Tong
Sd lua chpn
70 106 34 4 214
Ty trpng
(%)
32,71 49,53 15,89 1,87 100 Ngudn: Sdheu khio sat thuc tenam 2016 Dia diem phd bien nhat md NTD lua chpn de mua RAT la sieu thj (chiem 49,53% tdng sd lua chon).
Nguyen nhan do sieu thi Id noi cd uy tin trong viec cung cap rau sach vdi nguon goc xuat xii ro rdng vd gid cd hpp ly, phii hpp vdi tiii tidn cua NTD. Ngodi ra, de dupe vao he thdng cdc sieu thi, nhd cung cap san pham RAT phai cd day dii chimg nhdn theo quy dinh.
Do dd, NTD se cam thay an tam khi mua. Lira chpn mua RAT d diem bdn RAT chiem ty frpng cao thir hai (32,71%). Cha truydn thdng va nhirng dia diem khdc chidm ty frpng rat nho do NTD khdng tin tudng nhieu vao ngudi bdn cung nhu khd phdn hiet dupe RAT va rau thdng thudng d' cac diem ban nay (15,89%
val,87%).
Theo ket qua khao sdt, hong nhdm NTD sdn sang ha thdm tien de mua RAT thi miic sdn long frd them trung binh cao hon 28,75% so vdi rau thdng thudng, nhd nhat Id 10% vd ldn nhat Id 50%. Tuy nhidn, dp lech chuan khd cao (10,68%) cho thay, khd ndng chi ha ciia ngudi tieu dimg ed sir phdn hda ldn.
3.3. Cdc y^u td anh hudng ddn quy^t dinh ehi h a thdm
Phuong phdp phan tich dinh lupng bdng md hinh hdi quy Binary Logistic duac su dung de xac dmh cdc yeu td anh hudng den quyet djnh chi ha them cho RAT cua NTD tai TP Cao Ldnh, tinh Ddng Thap. Ket qua phdn tich hdi quy dupe tdm tat trong bang 5 vdi bien phu thudc Id CHITRATHEM - Quyet dinh chi ha them tidn cua NTD.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHATTRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 12/2018 129
Bang 5. K^t qua phan tich cac y^u td anh huong d^n quygt dinh chi Irk them cho RAT tai TP Cao Lanh, tinh D6ng Thip
Biein giai thich Hang sd X,:TUOIi"'>
X2; GIOITINH X3: THUNHAP X,: HOCVAN X5: KINHNGHIEM '•' Xs; DETIM "
X,: TINTUONG ''">
X,: MOITRUONG X,: NHANHIEU <**>
Xj„: SUCKHOE He sd Sig. ciia md hinh Ty le du bao chinh xac
B -4,947
0,155 -0,738 -0,306 0,336 -0,439 1,377 1,855 -0,383 1,034 0,862
S.E.
1,685 0,048 0,527 0,229 0,359 0,245 0,792 0,540 1,037 0,444 0,759
Wald 8,616 10,259 1,962 1,792 0,873 3,220 3,024 11,821 0,137 5,414 1,288
d£
1 Sig.
0,003 0,001 0,161 0,181 0,350 0,073 0,082 0,001 0,712 0,020 0,256
ciia NTD Exp(B) 0,007 1,167 0,478 0,736 1,399 0,645 3,961 6,393 0,682 2,813 2,367 0,000 77,5 Ghi chd' (***) edy nghia dmm: 1%; (**) cdy nghia
Ket qua kiem dinh Omnibus cho thay Sig. < 0,01 (dp tm cdy 99%) nen cac bien ddc lap cd tuong quan tuyen tinh vdi bien phu thudc hong tong the. Ndi cdch khdc, md hinh lua chpn la phii hpp. Miic dp du bdo dimg ciia toan md hinh Id 77,5%. Ciing tiieo ket qua phdn hch, cd 5 bie'n gdm tudi, kinh nghiem mua RAT, mirc dp dd tun cua sdn pham, su tin hrong vd nhan hieu cd y nghia thdng ke vd mirc dp tac ddng khdc nhau den bien phu thudc, cu the nhu sau:
Tudi cia NTD (TUOI): Bien nay cd y nghia thdng ke d mirc 1% va ed tuong quan thudn den quyet dinh chi h a thdm tien eho RAT. Nguyen nhan cd die do nhirng ngudi heu dung ldn tudi hon thudng cd sir can nhdc, lira chpn mdt cdch than trpng khi ehon mua thuc pham de dam bao dinh duong va bdo ve siic khde gia dmh. Do dd, hp sdn sang bd ra sd hdn cao hon de mua rau dupe chiing nhdn an toan.
Kinh nghidm (lUNHNGHlEM): Cd y nghia thdng ke d mue 10%. Trdi vdi ky vpng, bien nay tdc ddng nghich chieu den quyet dmh ehi h a them.
Nhimg NTD da cd kmh nghiem mua RAT lai khdng cd xu hudng ehi tra them tidn. Ket qud nay hdm y cho ngudi san xuat, cdc don vi phan phdi, ve ddi ban can cd giai phdp de giam gid thdnh sdn xuat cho phii hpp vdi khd nang chi fra cua NTD.
Mdc dd dd tim cua sin pham (DETIM): Bidn ndy CO y nghia thdng ke d miic 10% va cd tuong quan thudn den quyet dinh chi ha them tien cua NTD cho RAT. Dieu ndy eho thay, neu phat hien he thdng cae diem ban RAT de tao thuan Ipi eho NTD mua san
dmuc 5%: (*) ed ynghia dmuc 10%.
pham thi hp sdn sdng chi them hen nhieu ban di mua.
Su tin tudng (TINTUONG): Cd y nghia tiidng kd d mue 1% va tac ddng tich cue den quyet dinh chi ha them hen eua NTD. Bien ndy th^ hien su tin tuong cua NTD vdo san pham RAT. Tren thuc te, NTD khdng cd dieu kidn de kiem fra toan bd quy hinh san xuat de nhan biet sdn pham nao la cd chat lupng ngoai hir viec can cii hdn chimg nhdn ve an toan thuc pham cua eo quan qudn ly. Khi su tin tuong cang eao hp se cd xu hudng chi trd thdm.
Nhan hidu sin phim (NHANHIEU): Bien nay cd y nghia thdng ke b miic 5% vd cd tuong quan thudn den quyet dinh chi trd them hen cua NTD. Didu nay cho thay, bao bi, nhdn hieu cd y nghia cue ky quan hpng vd Id can cic chii yen de NTD lua chpn nhd sdn xuat cd uy tin, chat lupng. Ket qua ndy hdm y cho ngudi san xuat can cd giai phdp hoan thien mdu ma, bao bi, nhdn hieu nhdm tao thien cam, long hn vd thu hiit khach hang.
3.4. Giai phdp gdp p h ^ phdt tri^n san xaii, thiic day tidu dimg RAT a Dong Thdp
Tren co sd cac ket qud phdn tich, bdi viet dd xuat mdt sd giai phdp gdp phan phdt trien san xuat, thiic day tieu dimg RAT d tinh Ddng Thdp nhu sau:
- Yen td de tim ed tae ddng tich cue den quyet dinh ehi h a thdm cua NTD. Do dd, can phdt trien cac diem bdn RAT thuan hen cho NTD. Ddu hr xay dung he thdng heu thu, qudy kinh doanh RAT tai cac chp truyen thdng, dd thi, khu vuc ddng dan cu tai cdc
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 12/2018
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE huyen, thi xd, thanh phd hong tinh. Ben canh dd, ky
ket hop ddng tieu thu san pham giua edc to hap tac, hpp tdc xd RAT vdi cae bep an tap the ciia khu cdng nghiep, ea quan, frudng hoe trong tinh, cdc sieu thi hen dia bdn nhu Vmafoodmart, Coopmart... va van ddng heu thuong tai cdc cho tiuyin thdng kinh doanh RAT. Tao didu kien cho eac td hpp tae, hop tac xd san xuat RAT tham gia cdc phien cho nong nghiep xanh, hdi chp ndng nghiep tai tmh vd khu vuc de gidi thieu san pham.
- Yeu td su hn tudng cd tdc ddng tich cue den quyet dmh chi fra them. Ben canh do, nhieu nguyen nhdn lam NTD quydt dinh ha thdm hdn mua RAT (Bang 3). Do do, cdc hoat dong truyen thdng can ehii hpng nhan manh vdo cde ydu td khdng ton du hda chat, thude bao ve thuc vat, cd ngudn gde ro rdng vd tdt eho sue khoe de gia tang thai dp ky vpng, tin tudng ve chat lupng san pham RAT. Ben canh dd, cdn ndng cao nhdn thirc cua NTD ve viee str diing RAT la gdp phdn bdo ve moi trudng sdng. Ngodi ra, eae boat ddng quang ba edn chi rd Ipi ich vupt hdi ciia RAT so vdi rau thdng thudng, phat hien va tdn vinh nhiing cd nhdn, don vi dien hinh hong sdn xuat vd phan phdi RAT.
- Chii hong viec ddng ky nhdn hidu, xdy dung thuong hieu san pham RAT tinh Dong Thdp vd cd edc hinh thiie hd h p ddng ky nhdn hieu RAT nhu chi phi phdn hch dat, nuoc, mdu rau, chi phi kiem tra, tham dinh...
- Sieu thi la dia diem phd bien nhat de mua RAT.
Do do, he thdng sieu thi hen dia ban can da dang cdc mat hdng va lua chpn nha cung cap uy hn, dam bao chat lupng san pham.
- Cdc don vi sdn xuat vd bd con ndng ddn cdn tudn thii diing quy dinh ve san xuat vd chirng nhan RAT. Can dp diing friet de cdc hen bd ky thudt trong san xuat nhdm ha gid thanh, tang ndng sudt vd chat lupng san pham de tang tinh canh tranh vd phii hpp vdi kha ndng chi ha cua NTD. Dao tao can bd cd ndng luc td chirc, quan ly, cdn bd ky thuat chuyen sau ve san xuat vd tieu thu RAT, cd ky ndng kiem ha, ddnh gia dieu kien sdn xuat, kinh doanh dam bdo an todn ve sinh thuc pham.
- Cdc c a q u a n q u a n ly c a n c d e h i n h s d c h u u ddi, k h u y e n k h i c h , p h d t t n e n s a n x u a t vd tidu thu RAT.
C h i n h q u y e n e a c c a p cdn t a n g c u d n g t u y e n t r u y d n , n d n g c a o n h a n t h i i c c u a n g u d i d a n v6 cde Ipi ich ctia
RAT. T h u d n g x u y e n td chiic c d c k h d a t a p h u a n n d n g e a o k i e n thirc v e q u y h i n h c a n h t a c R A T e h o n g u d i s a n x u a t . B e n c a n h d d , c a n c d e h i n h s d c h h d h a , t h u e d a y Uen k e t s a n x u a t , h d u t h u R A T v a h d h p c d n g t a c xiic h e n t h u o n g m a i ddi vol cdc san p h a m RAT.
4. KET LUAN
R A T d u a c s a n x u a t d d m b a o cdc didu k i e n va b e u c h u a n t h e o q u y d i n h v e q u a n ly s a n x u a t va c h i i n g n h d n R A T c u a Bd N d n g n g h i e p va P h a t h i e n n d n g t h d n . H o a t d d n g s a n x u a t R A T d' tinh D o n g T h d p then g i a n q u a dat m d t sd k d t q u a k h a q u a n n h u n g c d n h o c Id n h i d u b a n c h e . Sdn x u a t R A T c a n s u d d u tu, t d n n h i e u e h i p h i va c d n g siic n e n gid b a n t h u d n g e a o h o n so vdi r a u t h o n g thirimg c i i n g loai k h d c . N T D t h d n h thi n g d y c a n g n h d n t h i i c v e t d m q u a n h p n g c u a viec lua c h p n t h u c p h a m , d a c b i e t Id RAT n e n h p sdn l d n g h a t h e m m p t k h o a n tidn d e m u a r a u d u a c c h u n g n h a n . 89,44% N T D frong m d u k h a o sdt fren dia b a n sdn s d n g m u a R A T vdi gid t r u n g b i n h c a o h o n 28,75% s o vdi r a u t h d n g t h u d n g c i i n g loai. D i a d i e m m u a R A T chii y d u Id d sidu thi va e a e d i e m b d n RAT.
C a c y d u td vd tudi, k i n h n g h i e m tieu diing, mirc d d dd tim, s u tin t u d n g vd n h a n h i e u s a n p h a m cd a n h h u d n g d d n q u y d t d i n h chi fra t h e m . N h i r n g k e t q u a ndy c u n g c a p c a n eii d e e d c c a q u a n q u a n ly, n g u d i san x u a t , n h a p h a n p h d i va ede b e n hdn q u a n k h d c ed e h i n h s d c h p h u h p p d e p h a t frien sdn x u a t vd t h i i c d a y tieu d i i n g RAT, phii h o p vdi k h a n a n g chi fra v a h d n h vi ciia N T D . Tir dd, cd d d n g g d p tich c u e vdo s u p h d t tridn n d n g n g h i e p dia p h u a n g , ddc b i e t Id h o n g bdi c a n h t i n h D d n g T h d p d a n g q u y d t liet t n e n k h a i d e dn Tdi c o c a u n g a n h n d n g n g h i e p h i e n nay.
TAI UHITHAM KHAO
1. Acheampong, P. P. , Braimah, H. , Ankomah- Danso, A. , Mochiah, M. B., 2012. Consumers Behaviours and Attitudes towards Safe Vegetables Production in Ghana: A Case Study of the Cities of Kumasi and Cape Coast. Science Journal of Agricultural Research and Management, Volume 2012.
2. Bdo mdi, 2017. Ddng Thip se md rdng didn tich rau mau an toin ldn hon 1.000 ha.
https://wviw.baomoi.eom/dong-thap-se-mo-rong- d len-tieh-rau-mau-an-toan-len-hon-1-
000ha/c/21560918.epi. Truy cap ngay 15/10/2017.
3. Bd Ndng nghiep vd Phdt trien nong thdn, 2007. Quyet dinh sd 106/2007/QD-BNN ngiy 28
131
KHOA HOC CONG UGHt
thang 12 nam 2007 vt Quy dinh vi quan ly san xuat va chirng nhan RAT.
4. Dinh Phi Hd, 2012. Phmmg phap nghien am dinh luong va nhtrng nghien cuu thuc tiin tiong kinh te phat tnen - ndng nghiep. Nha xuat ban Phuang Ddng.
5. Dd Thi My Hanh, D5 Thi Tuyet Mai, Trin Trong Nam va NguySn Trong Tuynh, 2015. Cac yeu td anh hudng den mue san long chi tra cua NTD ddi vdi san pham RAT: Nghien ciiu tinh hudng tren dia ban huyen Gia Lam va quan Long Bien, Ha Ndi. Tap chi Khoa hoc va Phiit tiien 2015, tap 13, sd 5, tr. 841- 849.
6. Hai, N.M., Moritaka, M. and Fukuda, S., 2013.
Willingness to Pay for Organic Vegetables in Vietnam: An Empirical Analysis in Hanoi capital. / Fac Agr., Kyushu Univ., 58(2), p. 449-458.
7. Huynh Thi Ngoc Didp va Hd Huy Tuu, 2013.
Sir san ldng chi tra them doi vdi san pham ca basa nudi sinh thai cua NTD tai TP Nha Trang. Tap chi Khoa hoc - Trudng Bai hoc Can Tho, Sd 27 (2013), tr. 94-103.
8. Muhammad, S., Fatheh-ahman, E. and Ullah, R U. T., 2015. Factors Affecting Consumers' Willingness to Pay for Certified Organic Food Products in United Arab Emirates. Journal of Food Distribution Research, Volume 46 Issue 1, p. 37-45.
9. My Ly, 2013. Phat trien san xuat RAT - nhu cau tat yeu cua nen nong nghi$p hien dai.
http://baodongthap.com.vn/newsdelails/lD3FE185B9 0/Phat_trien_san_xuat_rau_an_toan_nhu_cau_tat_3'eu _cua_nen_nong_nghiep_.hien_dai.aspx.
CONSUMERS' BEHAVIOR TO PAY HIGHER PRICE FOR SAFE VEGETABLE PRODUCTS: THE CASE STUDY IN CAO LANH CITY, DONG THAP PROVINCE
Nguyen Minh Triet, Trinh Dieu Hien Summary
The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting consumers' decision to pay higher price for safe vegetable products in Cao Lanh city, Dong Thap province and propose appropriate solutions to contribute to the development of production and promote the consumption of safe vegetables in this area. The research conclusion based on the primary data collected by a survey of 142 consumers, descriptive statistics and regression model were applied. The results showed that 89.44% of consumers was willmgness to pay higher pnce for safe vegetable products, while 10.56% disagreed. The decision to pay higher price for safe vegetable products of consumers in Cao Lanh city was affected by 5 factors: age, consumers' experience on buying safe vegetable products, ease to find products, trust and safe vegetable brands.
Keywords: Behavior to pay higher price, consumer, safe vegetable products.
Ngudd phan bi$n: PGS.TS. Vd Thi Thanh LOc Ngiy nhan bai: 27/4/2018
Ngiy thdng qua phan bi$n: 29/5/2018 Ngiy duydt ding: 5/6/2018
10. Ngd Quang Hai va Vu Quynh Hoa, 2016.
Nhan thiic ciia NTD Viet Nam ve thtic pham hiiu co:
Tnidng hop nghien ciiu taiTP. Ha Npi. Tap chi Khoa hoc Nong nghiep Viet Nam 2016, tap 14, sd 9, h.
1466-1474. Truy cap ngay 15/10/2017.
11. Nguyen Van Thuan va Vo Thanh Danh, 2011, Phan tich cac ydu td anh hudng den hanh vi tieu diing RAT tai TP Can Tho. Tap chi Khoa hoc - Tnrcmg Bai hoc Can Tha. Sd 17b, h-. 113-119.
12. Sarma, P. K. and Raha, S. K., 2016.
Consumers' wilhngness to pay for organic beef:
Evidence from Dhaka City. / Bangladesh Agril.
Univ. 14(1): 83-91.
13. Senyolo, G. M., Wale, E., Ortmann, G. F., 2014. Consumers' Willingness-To-Pay for Underutilized Vegetable Crops: The Case of African Leafy Vegetables in South Africa. J Hum Ecol 47(3), p. 219-227.
14. Sd Ndng nghiep va Phat tnen ndng thdn Ddng Thap, 2016. Dii thao ke hoach vung san xuat rau, mau an toan tinh Ddng Thap giai doan 2016- 2020.
15. Snwaranun, Y, Gan, C , Lee, M., Cohen, D., 2013. Consumers' willingness to pay for organic products in Thailand. Faculty of Commerce Working Paperno.4, Lincoln University.
16. Uy ban Nhan dan tinh Ddng Thap, 2016. Bao cao tinh hinh phat trien nong nghidp ting dung nong nghiep cong nghi cao. Sd 98/BC-UBND ngay 08 thang 6 nam 2016.