NGHliN cau-TRAO odi
DOI Mdi CACH TIEP CAN VE DANG KY BIEN PHAP BAO DAM TRONG BO LUAT DAN SU VA VAN DE DAT RA
CHO NEN HANH CHINH HIEN NAY
DO THI HOA
Bd luit Dansunim2015 dupe Qudchdithdngquangiy 24/11/2015, cdbidulifcthihinb tu ngiy 01/01/2017 vdi nhidu n0i dung ddi mdi, ti-ong dd cd ndi dung vd bio dim thifc hien nghia n/dansu.Mdt trong nhdng didm ndi bit ciia Bdluit Dan si/nim 2015 li ddi mdicich tidp can vd ding kf bidn phip bio dim li "nghla vi/"cua cdngdin sangdingkf li "quydn" cua cdngdin trong xa hpi hidn dai. Diyli si/thayddildn vd tuduy, ditracbo ndn binh chinh ndi chung he thdng ding ky giao dich bio dim ndi ndng nhOngydu ciu phii ddi mdi, phii thich iing vimi/c tidu chung pbfic vu tdt nhit nguai din vi xi bdi The Civil Code 2015 adopted by the National Assembly on November 24"', 2015, takes effect since January J*', 2017 covering numerous new things including a new provision on guaranteemg the civil obl^ation completion. One ofthe distinct pomts ofthe CivU Code 2015 is changing the approach to registration ofthe guaranteeing measures and replacing citizen's "obhgation" with citizen's "rights" in a modem society. Thisisabig change in thinking which requires the pubhc administration and the system of registration ofthe guaranteeing transactions to renovate and adapt to meet the coromon objectives of serving citizens and society.
1. Didm mdi ttong ctoh Udp cto vd la nghia vu cua cto bto trong hop ddng dif dtog ky blto phdp bto d t o ttong Bp luat chap. Khoan 2 Dieu 350 Bp luat Dan su Din si/nim 2015 nam 2005 quy dinh nghia vu cia ben nhan Dang ky bien phap bao d t o (BPBD) la * e chap tai san "Yeu can ea quan nha viec CO quan dang ky ghi vao sd dang ky " " ^ ™ *^™ l^y^" ^^"^ ^ i'^° ^ i * ^^'' hoac nhap vto CO sd du heu nhimg thdng ilam xoa dang ky trong cac trudng hop quy tin vi; viee ben bto d t o dung tai sto de' '"''^'^ '*' "^^ '''™ ^55, 356 va 357 eua Bg bto d t o ' thuc hien nghia vu ddi vdi ben ' " ! ' "^^"' ^^ ' f . ' * f . " 2 Dieu 717 quy dinh nhto bto d t o . nghia vu eua ben the chap quyen su dung
Bp/uatDtosunam 2005 tiep cto dang
ky giao dich bao d t o (GDBD) dudi giac dp * ThS, Tru-trng Dai hoc Thu-ong mai
in TAP CHi QUAN LY NHA NUflC - SO 255 (4/20171
NGHIEN cau-TRAODdl
dat phai: "Lam thu tuc dtog ky vide the chdp; xda viec dtog ky the chap khi hpp ddng thd chdp c h t o diit",... Dieu nay cho thdy, Bp luat Dan sir nim 2005 yto cto dtog ky GDBD thi cto bto ttong hpp ddng thd chap phai cd nghia vu dtog ky BPBD.
Ddn Bp luat Dan su nam 2015 da cd ctoh tiep cto mang tinh chat ddi mdi vd dtog ky BPBD, dd la vide dtog ky BPBD la
"quydn" cia cong dan theo quy dinh tai khoto 4 Dieu 323. Dieu nay cd y nghia va tto dpng rat Idn ddi vdi viec hoto thien phap luat, the ehe htoh chinh nha nudc ve dtog ky BPBD va doi mdi he thdng dang ky cia ndn htoh chinh hien nay. Dd la:
Thd nhat, viec Uep cto dang BPBD vdi tu ctoh la quyen dto su cia cdng dto se tao htoh lang phap ly dd hoan thito phap luat, thd chd htoh chinh ve dang ky BPBD theo hudng phue vu, hd trp ngudi dto. Theo dd, cac quy dinh phap luat, the che cia llnh vuc nay phai didu chinh theo hudng don gito, tao thuto Ipi eho ngudi dto trong viec thiic hito quyen dan su cia minh. Viii each Uep cto dtog ky BPBD la "quyto" cia cdng dto, Bp luat Dan sunam 2015 da I t o thay ddi cto bto mdi quan he giiia Nha nudc vdi cdng dan trong linh viic dang ky BPBD, tang cudng tinh dan chi eua Nha nudc, ding nhu tinh chat Nha nudc cia nhan dan, do nhto dto, vi nhto dto.
Thd hai, nguyen tdc dang ky BPBD la quyto chu khdng phai la nghia vu va viee dang ky BPBD la dieu kien de GDBD cd hito lire ehi trong trudng hpp luat cd quy dinh (Dieu 298 Bp luat Dan sir nam 2015).
Nhu vay, vcri quy dinh tach thdi diem cd hito luc eua hpp ddng bto d t o va thdi diem ed hito luc ddi khang vdi ngucii thu ba cia BPBD; viec nhto dien dang ky BPBD la quyen cia cdng dto cia Bp luat Dan sunam 2015 da cho thay nhiing ddi
mdi mdt ctoh bto chdt, ctoh tidp cto vd dtog ky BPBD va da dap ung yeu cto cia thttc Uen.
Thd ba, viec ddi mdi each tidp cto ve ddng ky BPBD c i a Bd luat Dan su nam 2015 tu gdc dd "nghia vu" sang gdc dp
"quyen cdng dto" la eo sd phap Iy quan frpng dd cai thien cto bto chat lupng cung cdp dich vu dtog ky va cung cdp thdng tin ve BPBD cua cto co quan dtog ky. 6 day, tinh chdt duoc phue vu tra thanh ydu cto tdt yeu c i a cdng dto da dupe phap luat thua nhto. Htoh chinh nha nudc theo dd se phai dem den su hai Idng cho edng dto thu hucmg cto dich vu nay, nd khto biet vdi tu ctoh "nghia vu" cua ngutii dto vdi Nha nudc nhu trude day.
2. Nhiing didm han chd c i a hp thfing dtog ky giao dich bto d t o hlgn nay
Mpt la, cto quy dinh ve dang ky GDBD dupe quy dinh rai rac tai nhieu vto ban dan den viee tta ciiu, ap dung phap luat cdn gap nhieu khd khan. Lien quan ddn dang ky GDBD cd Nghi dinh sd 83/2010/
ND-CP ngay 23/7/2010 cia Chinh p h i ve dang ky GDBD; Thdng ta sd 05/2011/TT- BTP ngay 16/02/ 2011 cia Bd Tu phap hucmg dto mdt sd vto de ve dang ky, cung cap thdng tin ve GDBD, hpp ddng tai Trung t t o dtog kygiaodieh,tiiistocuaCue Dtog ky qude gia GDBD - Bd Tu phap. Ngoai ra, cdn cd Thdng hi hen tich sd 20/2011 /TTLT- BTP-BTNMT ngay 18/11/2011 cia Bd Tu phap, Bd Tiii nguyen va Mdi trudng hudng dto viec the chap quyen su dung dat, tai sto gto lien vcri dat. Nhu vay, viec xac dinh trinh tu, t h i tuc, co quan cd t h t o quyen dang ky GDBD ddi viii mdt sd loai tai sto edn dupe quy dinh d nhieu luat chuyen ngtoh nhu: LuatDafiJainam 2013, Bp/ual Din sunam 2005, hay vto bto hudng dan vito dang ky GDBD ddi vdi can hp ehung
TAP CHi Q U A N L* N H A NatSC - S6 255 (4/2017)
D
NGHIEN cau-TRAO Ddl
cu hinh thtoh trong tuong Iai cia Bd Tu phap...
Hai li, viec dang ky GDBD cdn chua thuan tien do phto chia nhidu co quan dtog ky GDBD. Hien nay, theo quy dinh, nhidu CO quan khto nhau thuc hito dang ky GDBD mdi loai tai sto thd chap hay c t o CO khac nhau. Doi vdi tai san bao d t o la bat dpng san thi tien hanh dang ky tai Van phdng dang ky quyen su dung dat thupc Phdng Tai nguyen va Moi trutmg cac cap.
Ddi vcri loai tai sto la dpng san ndi chung thi dtog ky tai Trung tam dtog ky giao dich, tai sto cia Cue Dang ky qude gia GDBD (Bd Tu phap). Ddi vdi tai san bao dam la may bay, tto bien thi viec dang ky GDBD dupe thiie hien tai Cue Hang khdng Viet Nam, Cue Htog hai hoto Gang vu biing hai thude Cue Hang hai Viet Nam.
Nhu vay, neu doanh nghiep phai the chap, c t o cd nhito tai sto de bto dam thuc hito nghia vu tta np tai mdt ngan hang thi doanh nghiep bupc phai di den nhieu co quan de thuc hito viec dang icy GDBD.
Dieu nay khien cho viee thue hien "quyen"
cdng dto cdn gap nhieu khd khan, tdn kem chi phi, thdi gian, cdng sue cho cae chi thd trong viec dang ky GDBD.
Ba la, thu tuc dang ky GDBD tai nhieu dia phuang chua thdng nhiit. Thiic te, cung mdt Ioai tai san bao dam, dac biet tiii san bto d t o lii quyen sir dung dat, mdi noi cd su huiing dan khac nhau ve hd sa, giay td thu tuc chua dung vdi quy dinh. Trong mdt sd trudng hpp, thdi gian tiep nhto hd so dang ky GDBD chua tuan thu dung quy dinh, mdt sfi co quan Iai quy dinh mdt each cung nh4e la ehi nhan hd so vto mdt so ngay nhat dinh trong tuto, gay khd khan eho ngudi di dang ky.
Bdn la, cdn khd khan trong tra ciiu thdng Un phue vu dang ky GDBD. Hien
dtog ky GDBD duoc chia tiitoh loal tai san la ddng sto va bat ddng sto, duac Uiuc hito bai nhidu co quan dtog ky khto nhau.
Ddi vdi trudng hpp nhieu tai sto khac nhau cing de bto d t o nghia vu thi ngan hang se phai Ufo htoh tiiu tuc fra cuu tii nhieu ca quan khac nhau. Vdi nhimg trudng hpp dtog ky GDBD btog quyto sir dung dat, he thong co quan dtog ky GDBD dfii vdi truiing hpp nay thupc ve hai cap (cap tinh va cap quto, huyen). Nhung hien tai, viec phfii hop, tiao ddi thdng tin giiia hai cap chua bto dam, do do, mudn tra cuu thdng tin thi ngudi cd nhu cto phai den ding ca quan cd t h t o quyto thttc hien viec dtog ky. Dieu nay khdng tao thuto tito cho ngudi dto va cac td chuc khi cd nhu eau.
Nim la, he thdng dang ky GDBD eiia nude ta vto cdn chiu toh hudng cua tu tudng quan lieu, bao cap. Trong qua trinh chuyen tu nen hanh chinh "cai tri" sang nen hanh chinh "phue vti", d mdt sd co quan dtog ky, vto cdn mdt bd phto can bd, edng chuc mang tu tudng dang kyla
"cho", la "ban phat" ddi vcri ngudi dto ma chua y thuc ve tinh phue vu. Dieu nay tao nen nhiing bieu hien htoh dieh, gay kho khan, tham ehi la nhung nhilu ngudi dan trong qua trinh cung edp dich vu edng, khien ngudi dto phai "Idt tay" de dupe giai quyet cdng viee. Trude kia, Iuat Tidp can dingky bien phip bio daw la "nghia vu"
theo quy dinh cua Bp luat Dan su nam 2005 khien cho co che "xin - cho" van cdn tdn tai trong thue hien thi tuc dang ky hito nay.
3. Nhling vto dd dat ra cho ndn htoh chinh Viet Nam Uong viec thich irng vdi nhling ddi mdi vd dtog ky hito phdp bio d t o ciia Bdluit Din suntoi2015
Vdi tinh thto cua Bp luat Dan sunam
TAP CHi Q U A N LY N H A ms6c - sd 255 (4/20171
NGHIEN cau-TRAO Ddl
2015 ve dtog ky BPBD, doi mdi tii dtog ky la "nghia vu" cia cong dto sang dtog ky la '"quyto" cua cong dto, dieu nay hoto toto p h i hop vdi U'nh chto muc tito, xu hudng toa nto hanh chinh ndi chung va he thdng dtog ky GDBD tai cto ca quan htoh cbinh
• nha nudc dang hudng tdi.
N h t o phue vu tfit nhdt nhu cto va
"quyen" cua cdng dto, he thfing dang ky GDBD phai hien dai, duy tri duoc su dn dinh ttong boat ddng dtog ky, tttoh nhiing tac dpng Ueu ctie dfii vdi ngudi dto, doanh nghiep va xa hdi. Dd la mdt he thdng cd tinh an toto (bao d t o xac dinh chinh xto thii tu uu tien thanh toto), gan gui vdi ngudi su dung (td ehilc, ca nhan de dtog tiep cto vdi dich vu dang ky), tiet k i t o (gito thieu chi phi khi khach htog tidn htoh dtog ky, tim hito thdng tin vd cae GDBD) va hieu qua (vdi su trp giip cia cto trang thiet bi trong qua trinh dang ky, tao thuto loi cho ngudi dto, doanh nghiep thuc hien dang ky, tidp cto ngudn vdn, giai ngan nhanh, kip thcri.
De cd the thich ing vdi nhthig ddi mdi trong ctoh tiep cto ve dang ky BPBD cia Bp luat Dan su nam 2015 theo hudng tu nghia vu sang quyen cia cdng dan, nen htoh chinh nha nude Viet Nam ndi chung, he thdng dang ky GDBD cto thuc hien mdt sd giai phap sau:
Thd nhat, hoto thien he thfing the che, khung phap ly ve dang ky GDBD. Xay dung Luat Dang ky GDBD va cto van ban hudng dSn thi htoh de thdng nhiit dau mdi dang ky GDBD, quy trinh, thu tuc dang ky, tao thuto Ipi eho ngudi dto, doanh nghiep.
Thd hai, xay dung cache trao ddi thdng tin ve tinh ttang phap Iy cua tiii sto bao d t o giua CO quan dang ky GDBD va cac co
quan cd hen quan. Cdng khai, minh bach hda cto quy trinh thi tuc. Ttog cudng phfii hop giOa cac co quan cd t h t o quyen dd viee tra ciiu thong Un cung nhu cto boat dpng khto lien quan den dtog ky GDBD duac thuto Ipi, nhanh ehdng, Udt kiem.
Thd ba, ntog cao ntog luc, trinh dp nghiep vti, dao due cdng vu cia dpi ngu can bp, cdng chic dang ky GDBD. Xay dtmg tinh thto phue vu, thai dp giao tiep dung muc, tto Unh giai dap nhitng thto mto, huiing dto ngudi dan hoto thtoh thu tuc theo quy dinh.
Thd tu, tang eudng kiem tra, giam sat viee thuc hito phdp Iuat ve dang ky GDBD tai cac ca quan dang ky GDBD. Phat hito, xu ly kip thiii nhiing htoh vi vi pham phap luat cia cac tfi chuc, ca nhto, dac biet la eua cto co quan dtog ky, can bp dtog ky;
phat huy tinh dto chu, minh bach va cdng khai trinh tu, thu tue dtog ky GDBD, nang cao chat lupng dich vu hanh chinh cdng.
Nto htoh chinh Viet Nam dang rat tich cue trong cai each htoh chinh, xay dtmg nen htoh chinh phue vu, vi quyen va loi ich hpp phap eua eong dan. Nhiing diem mdi cua Bp iuat Dto sunam 2015 ve dang ky GDBD la "quyen" eua edng dan da dat ra cho ndn htoh chinh ndi chung, he thdng dang ky GDBD nhiing yeu cau phai ddi miii, phai thich imgvi mpt mue tieu chung la phue vu tot nhat ngudi dto va xa bpin
Tii hdu tham khio:
1. Bd Iuat Dan sunam 2005 va Bd Iuat Dan sunam2015.
2. Nguyen Quang Huong Tra. Nhung diem men cda che dinh bao dam Ihuc hien nglita mi cua BploafDansunam2015. http://dkcig.moj.gov.™
TAP CHi Q U A N LY N H A NUcrC - S6 255 (4/2017)