Q U A N
TRI K I N H D O A N H
HAU CAN MUA HANG TRONG THUONG MAI OIEN TU
Luc Thj Thu Hudng *
/\y'^^^ can mua hang trong thuang mai dien tCfIa si/ke thira cua chien luac va tac nghiep mua (D^^hang trong thuang mai truyen thong tren thi trudng B2B vdi sU ho trd dac lUc cua Internet va cac cdng cu cdng nghe thdng tin khac nhu EDI va ERP. Cac website hd tra boat dong mua hang true tuyen cho phep ngudi sCf dung thuc hien boat dong mua ban tien Idi va nhanh chdng. DUa vao nhumg ndi dung cua quan tri mua hang trong hau can truyen thong, bai bao gidi thieu 4 phUdng thUe mua hang trong thUdng mai dien tCf: phuang thUc lay ngudi ban lam trung tam; phUdng thUc lay ngudi mua lam tnjng tam; san giao dich thuang mai dien tCr va tich hdp chien lUdc. Cung can nhan ro rang phUdng thUc mua tri/c tuyen se khdng hoan toan thay the tat ca cac boat ddng mua hang truyen thong nhung t^
trong cua nd trong hau can dau vao cd xu hudng ngay mot tang cao va hieu qua Ung dung thUdng mai dien tir trong hau can mua hang da bat dau cd chieu hudng tich cue d Viet Nam. Tuy nhien, vin cdn nhieu trd ngai Idn khien viec khai thae nhC/ng Idi the cCia cac phUdng thUc mua hang tren cdn kha khiem ton trong giai doan phat trien ban dau cCia thuang mai dien tif d nudc ta.
tdi Uu hda gia trj cho ca ben mua va ban do dd tdi 1. Hau can mua hang trong thUdng mai
truyen thong
a) Vai tro cua hau can mua hang
He thdng hau ca'n trong doanh nghiep cd the chia thanh hai mang chinh la hau can ban hang (dau ra) va hau can mua hang (dau vao). Quan trj hau can hieu qua can ed su phdi hpp can than va nhjp nhang ciia hai bp phan nay.
Mua hang la mdt trong nhifng chifc nang ed ban, khdng the thieu eiia moi doanh nghiep. Mua hang 'bao gdm cac hoat ddng cd lien quan den viec mua vat tu, nguyen lieu, may mdc, thiet bj, djeh vu va quan trj quan he vdi cac nha cung ifng de phuc vu cho hoat ddng san xua't - kinh doanh ciia doanh nghiep.
Xa hdi cang phat trien thi vai trd ciia mua hang cang them quan trpng va hien nay dupe coi la vu khi chien lupe giup tang sifc canh tranh cua doanh nghiep. Chat lupng va gia ca ciia hang hda, djeh vu dau vao anh hudng trUc tiep tdi chat lupng, gia ca ciia san pham dau ra va do dd quyet djnh suthoa man khach hang cung nhu Ipi nhuan. Trong nhieu nganh cdng nghiep, chi phi dau vao chiem ty trpng Idn trong cd cau tdng ehi phi cua doanh nghiep.
da hda gia trj cho ca chudi cung irng.
Tuy nhien, trong tUng doanh nghiep, vai tro cua hau can mua hang thay ddi tuy thudc vao dae diem mat hang, quy md, chi phi, tinh hudng thj trudng va tinh phUe tap eiia hoat ddng mua hang theo dac thu eiia doanh nghiep dd. Ching han, mife dp phifc tap trong eae quyet djnh mua eiia cdng ty lap rap d to/ xe may se Idn hdn rat nhieu so vdi cdng ty thep. Cdn yeu td thj trudng se yeu cau sU linh hoat va nhay ben ciia bq phan mua trong cdng ty lap rap may tinh hdn la ddi vdi cdng ty san xua't giay vd hpc sinh. Dae biet, ddi vdi cac cdng ty thUdng mai (ban budn, ban le) thi hau can mua hang chiem vj tri het sifc quan trpng trong viec xay dUng Ipi the canh tranh, doanh sd va thj phan.
b)J'han loai hang hoa can mua
De cd cac quyet djnh mua hang hpp ly, can nhan thay rang cac loai hang hoa va djeh vu dau vao rat da dang va ed tam quan trpng khac nhau.
Cd the phan loai hang hoa dau vao theo nhieu tieu thife, trong dd cap tieu thiTc - mufe dp riii ro va gia trj ciia hang hoa - thudng dUdc sif dung phd bien trong viec phan loai va ho trp cac quyet djnh Dudi gde dp quan trj hau can hien dai, hoat mua hang. Gia trj hang hoa the hien nhifng dac ddng mua hang dupc coi nhU la mat xich then diem ma nd cd the ddng gdp vao qua trinh san chdt ket ndi giiifa cac thanh vien ciia chudi cung xua't - kinh doanh, vao Ipi nhuan tiem nang va Lfng. Xay dUng tdt chinh sach mua hang va td —
chifc tdt viec thUe thi chinh sach dd se cho phep ' TS., Trudng Dai hoc Thuang mai KHOA HOC
28 Thuang Mai So 28/2009
Q U A N
TRI KINH DOANH
chat lupng eiia dau ra. MUc dp riii ro phan anh xac suat san pham dau ra bj that bai va khdng dupc chap nhan tren thj trudng neu dau vao khdng dap Lfng dung yeu cau. Hinh 1 md ta 4 nhdm hang hoa/djeh vu can mua dau vao vdi cac mifc dp quan trpng khac nhau ddi vdi qua trinh san xua't - kinh doanh ciia doanh nghiep:
Nhdm hang chien thuat (tactical category): la nhumg nhdm hang hoa/djeh vu cd gia trj thap va rCii ro thap, thudng ed tan sd mua lap lai Idn.
Chiing thudng la vat tu gian tiep va khdng ed mat trong thanh phan eCia san pham dau ra. Vi du, van phdng pham, vat lieu dimg trong siia chifa va bao hanh. Quan ly tdt chi phi hanh chinh trong viec mua cac loai hang nay se dem lai hieu qua tich eUc.
Nhdm' hang ddn bay (leverage category): la nhifng hang hoa/djeh vu ed rui ro thap nhUng gia trj cao. Vi du, nhufng vat tU cd ban nhu de vft, bao bi va djeh vu van tai. Rui ro thap vi chung khdng can nhufng pham chat dac biet, chung de tim va cd nhieu nha cung ifng canh tranh. Nhung chiing cd the chiem mdt ty trpng tUPng ddi Idn trong gia trj san pham dau ra. Vi vay cac quyet djnh mua lien quan den khdi lupng va gia ca can cd phuong an tdi uu. Ddng thdi he thdng mua hang dung thdi dilm (JIT) ed the gdp phan giam dang ke chi phi du truf dau vao.
Nhdm hang then chot (critical category): la nhiing hang hda/djch vu ed riii ro Idn tuy gia tri khdng cao. Vat tu ky thuat (vi du, he thdng phanh trong d td) thudc ve nhdm nay. Su gian doan trong cung ifng nhdm hang nay ed the din den sU gian doan trong day ehuyen san xua't va anh hudng den thj trUdng dau ra. Vi vay, lUa ehpn nha cung ifng tin cay va cd ty trpng dU truf bao hiem tUPng ddi cao la can thiet.
Nhdm hang chien lUdc (strategic category):
Riii ro Idn va gia tri cao la dac diem ciia nhdm nay. Vi du, ddng co trong d td/xe may, d dia eifng trong may tinh. Chung anh hudng true tiep den sifc canh tranh eua san pha'm dau ra ca tren 2 khia canh - chat lupng va gia ca. Chien lupe mua d day la duy tri mdi quan he ddi tac chien lupe vdi cac nha cung ifng, cung hpp tac trong qua trinh phat tridn san pha'm va cdng nghe mdi, ddn gian hda qua trinh mua hang, v.v.
Hinh 1: Tam quan trong eua hang hoa/dich vu can mua dau vao
Cao
Rui ro
Thap
Then chot Ch ien 1 uoc
- Rui ro cao, gia tri thdp - V q t t u k y thuqt - It nha cung ung
- Rui ro cao, gia tri cao - Ttiiet bj, may moc - Vat tu thiet yeu
Chien ttiuat Con bdy
- Riii ro thdp, gia trj thdp - Vqttu gian tiep - SP tieu chudn cao
- Rui ro thdp, gia tri cao - Vqt tu, bao t> thudng - T?trong lontrongSP
Thdp ^ Cao
Gia tri
S6 28/2009
2. Hau can mua hang trong thUdng mai dien tu
a) Tac dong ciia thuong mai dien tif den hau can mua hang
May tinh va mang thdng tin toan cau da tao nen nhifng thay ddi Idn trong the gidi kinh doanh.
Trong dd, mua hang la mot trong nhufng qua trinh kinh doanh da sdm Ung dung thUdng mai dien tuf.
Qng dung ddn gian va phd bien nhat la viec tim kiem va nghien cuu ve cac nha cung img va hang hda can mua tren mang Internet. Ben canh dd, cac doanh nghiep cdn khai thae cac md hinh mua hang thuong mai dien tuf phifc tap hdn, cho phep ngudi mua va ngudi ban true tiep kiem tra khdi lupng dutru, thUPng lupng gia ca, thanh toan, dat hang va kiem tra hanh trinh ciia Id hang da mua, dan tien tdi tU ddng hda hoat ddng mua hang.
Ldi ich cua mua hang true tuyen
- Giam ehi phi tac nghiep: do giam dupc cac cdng viec giay td, giam thdi gian tim kiem nha cung Cmg, giam thdi gian lien quan den cdng vi^ee ehuyen tien va thanh toan, tang kha nang kiem seat ddi vdi dU trCf va chi phi mua hang.
- Giam gia mua: tinh minh bach cao cua Internet giup de dang so sanh gia ca/san pham mdt each nhanh chdng, chinh xac va tang mifc dp canh tranh giifa eae nha cung img.
- Dap img dung thdi diem can nguyen lieu dau vao: nhd tinh tU ddng hda cao va tinh tich hpp chat ehe giufa 2 ben ma ed the cai thien cac hoat
K H ( ) . \ H O C
Thuang Mai 29
Q U A N TRI K I N H D O A N H
ddng giao tiep giCfa eae ben, gdp phan giam thdi gian dap ung ddn hang, sCf dung hieu qua ngudn life nhan sU trong bd phan mua.
Han ehe eija mua hang true tuyen
- Tinh an toan: day la han ehe va la rao can Idn nhat ddi vdi viec dng dung thuong mai dien tuf trong mua ban hang hda. An toan ve tai chinh va an toan ddi vdi he thdng thdng tin la mdi quan tam hang dau cOa cac doanh nghiep trUde khi thiet ke va tfch hpp md hinh e-Procurement vao chien lupe kinh doanh ciia minh.
- Xay dung quan he vdi nha cung ifng: mac du thUdng mai dien tuf giup hoat ddng giao tiep diln ra nhanh gpn vdi chi phi thap nhUng sU thieu vang ve giao tiep mat ddi mat ed the lam giam dp tin cay va kha nang duy tri cac mdi quan he hpp tac ben vifng.
- Yeu td cdng nghe: dp tin cay ciia cac phan mem ifng dung va ciia toan bd md hinh mua hang true tuyen, kha nang khac phuc cac sif cd, sU khac biet ve tieu chuan ciia cac he thdng mua hang khac nhau... cd anh hudng khdng nhd den quyet djnh umg dung e-Proeurement trong doanh nghiep.
Lfng dung pho bjen cua thUdng mai dien tCr trong boat ddng mua hang
ThUPng mai dien tuf thudng dupe dng dung nhieu nha't vdi cac ddn hang thudc cac nhdm nil ro thap (mat hang chien thuat hoac ddn ba'y trong hinh 1). Mua hang true tuyen dae biet hijfu dung ddi vdi nhifng mat hang ed tan sd mua Idn, gia trj tha'p va tinh tieu chua'n cao nhUvan phdng pham, thiet bj van phdng, phan eifng va phan mem may tinh. Dong thdi nhifng miat hang nay cung ed sd lupng ngudi ban ddng dao va thudng di tien phong trong viec ifng dung cac md hinh kinh doanh dien tur B2B.'
Dieu dd khdng ed nghTa la cac mat hang khac khdng khai thae Idi the ciia thUdng mai dien tur trong hoat ddng mua hang. Hien dang cd xu hudng ngay cang tang cac giao djeh B2B ddi vdi cac mat hang cd ban trong nganh hoa cha't, nhUa va kim loai. Nhifng mat hang nay ed cac tieu chua'n kiem nghiem chat lupng rat rd rang va dupe thdng nhat hda cao tren toan cau nen ed Ipi the trong viec then khai cac md hinh mua hang true tuyen (vi du: www.e-chemicais.com, WA/vw.plastie- snet.eom,...).
b) Mo hinh mua hang trong thutfng mai dien tur
Tuy thupc vao mifc dp dau tu va sif cam ket ciia doanh nghiep trong thUdng mai dien tiHf va dac biet la tuy thudc vao sd lUdng ngudi mua, sd lupng ngudi ban tren thj trUdng ma doanh nghiep ed the lifa ehpn cac phUdng an khac nhau trong md hinh mua hang true tuyen (hinh 2).
Phuang thUc lay ngudi ban lam trung tam (Sell-side procurement solution): Ben ban hang xay dung trang Web, kenh ban hang rieng biet thdng qua mang Extranet eho ddi tac khach hang la cac td chifc. Vdi sd lUdng khach hang dit Idn thi viec dau tu vao phUdng an nay ed the dat dupc hieu qua cao. Khach hang Idn cd the nhan dupc catalog vdi san pham va gia ca dung theo yeu cau ciia minh.
PhUdng thUc lay ngudi mua lam trung tam (Buy-side procurement solution): Doanh nghiep thiet lap he thdng va tu kiem seat toan bd hoat ddng mua hang true tuyen. NgUdi mua ra soat va eho phep cac nha cung ifng tin cay tiep can he thdng, kiem tra dutrijf va chao hang vdi nhifng san pha'm/gia ca dupe thUdng lupng sP bd trudc khi giao djeh. He thdng nay cho phep theo ddi va kiem tra hoat ddng mua hang rat hifu hieu, giam bdt cac hoat ddng mua khdng dupe iiy thae. Tuy nhien ehi phi thiet ke va duy tri he thdng kha Idn, va thudng chi cd cac cdng ty Idn, cd dCi nang life tai chinh va cdng nghiep ap dung. Nd cd t h i cd hieu qua khi can phai quan ly hoat ddng mua hang vdi nhieu nha cung ifng.
San giao dich thUdng mai dien tCf (e-market- place): la mdt "dia diem hpp ehd" dupc thifc hien tren Internet ma d dd nhirng ngudi tham gia cd thi tim kiem thdng tin ve thj trudng, san ph^m, thilt lap quan he cung nhu tien hanh dam phan tn/dc giao djeh. Day.cd the la Jua ehpn hdp ly khi cd nhieu ngudi mua va nhieu ngudi ban ddi vdi nhifng nhdm hang hda ed tinh tieu chuIn cao, it ed khac biet giufa cac nhan hieu. San giao djeh thudng do ben thif ba dieu phdi, chju trach nhiem duy tri mdi trudng ky thuat - cong nghe cho ngudi mua va ngudi ban ma khdng true tiep tham gia vao cac giao djeh cung nhu khdng chju trach nhiem ve viec quang ba va phan phdi san phlm tren website (www.alibaba.com, www.gophat- dat.com.v.v.)
KHOA HOC
30 Thuang Mai So 28/2009
QUAN T R I K I N H DOANH
PhUdng thUe tich hap chien luge (Integrated planning): Trong trUdng hdp sd lupng ngUdi ban va ngudi mua deu thua thdt, san pham can trao ddi kha dac thii, can dupe ehe tao thich nghi cao vdi ngudi mua, va quan he giifa hai ben d tam ddi tac chien lUpc thi phUdng thifc tich hpp he thdng mua - ban hang giifa hai ben ed tinh kha thi cao.
He thdng tich hpp chien lupe phii hpp vdi qua trinh ddng thiet kd mdt san pham mdi, can su tuong tac cao giufa cac ben de san pham dap img dung nhu cau ngUdi mua va phii hpp vdi nang life eiia ngUdi ban. He thdng nay giup tang nang suat lao ddng va giam thdi gian chu ky dat hang cua ca hai ben.
Hinh 2. Md hinh mua hang trong thUdng mai dien tCr
sd logng ngudi
miu
' Ng. muaJdmirungtam
- Ngjnua kiem soot - SP & gia CO duipc thuong lugng so b$
- Qly l6t du ll^u mua
SdngkiodjchTMOT
- KnthOi3d4uph6lsdn - Nhlluli/ach^n - Khdngluudull^umua
. fehh^pchignjugc.
- Cung thiet ke, deu phdi - LlSn minh chien lupe - SPdgc Chung
Ng. bqn lam trung tdm
- Ng.bdnthuhulKH&
d^u phoi gloo djeh - KH dang n h ^ , xem i
dgthang
Nhliu ^
Giairl
Hoat ddng mua hang true tuyen cd.the phat tridn tu mifc dp dPn gian, dau tU it cho den cac mufe dp phifc tap, dau t u Idn va cam ket dai han hdn. Ngoai 4 phudng an eiia md hinh mua hang tnfc tuydn ndi tren, doanh nghiep cdn ed the tham gia d i u gia dien tCf (e-Aution). Day la mdt phUOng thUc mua ban hang dae biet, dupe td chifc cdng khai tai mot website nhat djnh, tai dd sau khi xem san p h l m nhtifng ngudi tham gia t u do dua ra cac mifc gia canh tranh va hang hda se dupc ban cho ngudi nao trii gia cao nhat (cdn ben mua thudng se c h i p nhan mifc gia chao hang thap nhat vdi nhiJfng dieu kien khac khdng ddi).
Mua hang true tuydn van dang tiep tuc phat triln va hoan thien. Tuy phUdng thifc mua trifc tuyin se khdng hoan toan thay the tat ca cac hoat
ddng mua hang truyen thdng nhifng ty trpng cua nd trong hau can dau vao se ngay mdt tang cao.
Hoat ddng mua trifc tuyen tap trung vao nghiep vu dat hang va xCr ly cac don dat hang, vao viec duy tri ngudn thdng tin kjp thdi de ed cac quyet djnh mua hang hieu qua cao hPn. Cdn cac ehuyen gia trong ITnh vUc mua hang thi tap trung vao khia canh lUa ehpn nha cung ifng, thUPng lupng gia ca va cac dieu kien giao hang, giam sat chat lupng cung ufng va phat trien mdi quan he vdi ddi tac.
c) Quy trinh lua chon phuong thut mua hang true tuyen
De phat then chien lupe mua hang hieu qua nhat trong mdi trudng kinh doanh dien tur, cac doanh nghiep can thu thap, phan tich thdng tin va lua ehpn phUPng thife phii hpp theo eae budc sau:
- Phan loai hoat ddng mua hang thanh cac nhdm tac nghiep, ddn bay, then chdt va chien lupe (hinh 1).
- Phan tich sd lupng ngudi mua va ngUdi ban tren thi trudng cung nhU quyen life tUPng quan giifa hai ben. TU dd xac djnh va lifa ehpn phuong thife mua hang thich hpp nhat ciia thUPng mai dien tii (hinh 2).
- Xac djnh tdng chi phi can thiet de then khai chUPng trinh mua hang true tuydn.
- Xac djnh phan mem va cdng cu mua hang true tuyen hieu qua nhdt phu hpp vdi chien lupe kinh doanh va he thdng thdng tin hau can eua doanh nghiep.
- Trien khai va danh gia hieu qua hoat ddng mua hang true tuyen.
d) Nhung rao can can thao gddephat trien hau can mua hang true tuyen a cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam
Qua 11 nam, ke tU khi Viet Nam chinh thifc ket ndi vdi mang Internet toan cau thang 11/1997, mdi trUdng kinh doanh dien tif da phat trien rat nhanh chdng va rong rai, dac biet la trong 5 nam gan day. Chi phi dau tU cho thuong mai dien tif tang manh, nam 2005 mdi ed 18%
doanh nghiep danh 5% trong cd cau tdng chi phi de dau tU cho thUdng mai dien tii thi tdi nam 2007 eon sd nay da la 50% doanh nghiep. Hien 97% doanh nghiep ed ket ndi Internet vdi hinh thirc chO yeu la tiang thdng rong va ed tdi 82%
doanh nghiep cd mang cue bd (LAN). Theo Bp Cdng Thuong, trong sd 1.737 doanh nghiep
_ K H ( ) , \ HOC
So 28/2009 Thuang Mai 31
Q U A N T R I
KINH DOANH
dupc khao sat nam 2007, sd doanh nghiep ed website chiem ti trpng 3 8 , 1 % va 11,8% se xay dung trong nam 2008. • Tinh nang giao djeh thuong mai dien tuf dupe cai thien tdt hdn so vdi nhifng nam trUdc. Gan 36,7% cd phep tuong tac dat hang, so vdi con sd 27,4% ciia nam 2006. Ty le website cd tinh nang thanh toan true tuyen cung tang dang ke, tU3,2%) len 4,8%). Nhifng con sd ke tren phan nao cho thay mUe dp s i n sang cho thuong mai dien tif ciia cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam da va dang dupc cai thien dang ke.
Trong bdi canh dd, hoat ddng hau can mua hang true tuyen cung bat dau dupc ifng dung va then khai tifng budc, phu hpp vdi ha tang cdng nghe thdng tin va ngudn life ciia doanh nghiep.
Trong 4 phuong an hau can mua hang true tuyen md ta d hinh 2, san giao djeh dien tuf la phUdng an dupc lUa ehpn phd bien va mang lai hieu qua cao ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam bdi nd phu hpp vdi thUe trang han ehe ve ngudn tai chinh va ngudn nhan life thUdng mai dien tuf tai cac doanh nghiep hien nay.
Bat dau xua't hien tU nam 2003, den cudi nam 2007 tai Viet Nam da cd khoang 40 san giao djeh B2B. Trong dd, ndi bat cd cac san www.ecvn.gov.vn va www.gophatdat.com. Tuy nhien, tien ich ciia phan Idn cac san giao dich B2B nay mdi gidi han d viec dang tai thdng tin doanh nghiep va nhu cau mua ban. Hau nhu chua ed san giao djeh nao cd tien ich tdt de hd trp doanh nghiep dam phan, giao ket hpp ddng trifc tuyen, theo ddi thuc hien hpp ddng va cham sdc khach hang.
Theo ket qua dieu tra ciia Bao cao thUdng mai dien tii" Viet Nam 2007, hien cd khoang 10,2 % doanh nghiep tham gia giao djeh tren cac san thuong mai dien tir d trong va ngoai nUdc, so vdi ti le 7,9 % ciia nam 2006. Trong sd cac doanh nghiep da tham gia san thuong mai dien tur nam 2007, 63% da ky dupc hdp ddng vdi con sd trung binh la 19 hpp ddng trong nam 2007. Trong dd, cac doanh nghiep trong ITnh vUc du Ijch, det may, da giay, va cdng nghe thdng tin cd rnuTc dp tham gia san giao djeh thUOng mai dien tuf tich cue nhat.
Mac du hieu qua ifng dung thuong mai dien tCr trong hau can mua hang da bat dau cd chieu hudng tich cUc va dang ghi nhan, nhUng van cdn kha nhieu trd ngai Idn khien viec khai thae nhifng
Ipi the eiia thUPng mai dien tif trong hau can ndi chung va trong hoat ddng mua hang ndi rieng van eon kha khiem tdn. Cd ba rao can Idn nhU sau:
Rao can Idn nhat cho umg dung thUdng mai dien tur ndi chung va eho hau can mua hang tnic tuyen ndi rieng la van de an ninh, an toan giao djeh. Su e ngai ve viec rd ri thdng tin va dif lieu nhay cam ciia doanh nghiep lam han ehe rat nhieu cac sang kien ifng dung hau can mua hang true tuyen. Dd cung chinh la ly do khien eho phUPng an mua hang "tich hpp chien lUde" it dupc then khai eho dii Ipi ich thu dUde la kha Idn.
Thanh toan dien tCr la rao can Idn thif hai ddi vdi sU phat trien ciia hau can mua hang tnfc tuyen. Tuy nhien, nam 2007 da chifng kien sif phat trien nhanh chdng va toan dien cOa ITnh vifc nay. Hien ed khoang 20 ngan hang cung cap djeh vu thanh toan qua Internet (Internet Banking) va tin nhan di ddng (SMS Banking). Md hinh cdng thanh toan (payment gateway) da duac hinh thanh va bat dau di vao hoat ddng. Vdi sif da dang ciia cac loai hinh djeh vu thanh toan, hy vpng van de thanh toan dien tuf se khdng cdn la trd ngai Idn ddi vdi tien trinh phat trien hau can mua hang trifc tuyen tai Viet Nam trong nhifng nam tdi.
Rao can thuf ba ddi vdi hau can mua hang tnfc tuyen tai Viet Nam la sU yeu kem cua cac phUdng thirc giao hang vdi nhifng dac diem la kha thii cdng va khdng tan dung dupe Uu the ciia thUdng mai dien tii. Vdi cac hdp ddng mua hang tafc tuyen, tuy theo mat hang va dja ehi khach hang ma doanh nghiep ed the sur dung dpi ngu nhan vien true tiep giao hang (50%), hoac khach hang den nhan tai cac dai ly (40%)), hoac doanh nghiep suf dung djeh vu buu dien (10%). Hien nay Viet Nam van chUa phat trien djeh vu giao hang ehuyen nghiep nen nhifng phUdng thifc giao nhan ke tren dang la giai phap tam thdi d giai doan phat trien ban dau ciia thUdng mai dien tCf.4
Tai lieu tham khao:
1. Aldin, N. & Stahre, f. (2003), E-Commerce, Marketing Channels & Logistics Platforms - A Wholesaler Perspective, European Journal of Operational Research, Volume 144.
2. Bd Cdng ThUPng, Cue ThUPng Mai Dien Tii
KHOA HQC
32 Thuang Mai
c y
So 28/2009
Q U A N TR{ K I N H D O A N H (2008), Bao cao thuang mai dien tCf Viet Nam
2007. Truy cap tai website www.ebook.edu.vn.
3. Dai, Q. & kauffman, R.J. (2002), Business Models for Internet-based Procurement Systems
& B2B Electronic Markets, International Journal of Electronic Commerce, Volume 7(1).
4. Gunasekaran A. et al (2007), Developing an E-Logistics System: A Case Study, International Journal of Logistics Research & Applications, Volume 10 (4).'
5. Muffato, M. & Payaro, A. (2004), Integration of Web-based procurement & fulfilment, Intemational Journal of Information Management, Volume 24 (2).
6. Pressutti, W.D (2003), Supply Management
& e-Procurement: Creating Value Added to the Supply Chain, Industrial Marketing Management, Volume 32.
7. Smeltzer, L.R. (2001), How to Build an e- Procurement strategy. Supply Chain Management Review.
Summary
E-Procurement is the B2B purchase and sale of supplies and services through the Internet as well as other information and networking system, such as EDI and ERP. E-Procurement websites allow qualified and registered users to look for buyers or sellers of goods and services. Based on the procurement and supply management issues in the traditional logistics, the paper introduces the four basic types of E-Commerce models used in procurement: sell-side solution, buy-side solu- tion, e-marketplace and integrated planning sys- tem, it's well perceived that the online procure- ment is not totally substituted for the traditional buying methods but its share in the inbound logis- tics is increasing all the time and has a positive impact in Vietnam. However, there are still many big barriers to hinder the advantages of the e-pro- curement in this beginning development stage of e-eommerce in the country.
PHAT TRIEN CHINH SACH SAN PHAM . . . ^
(Tiep theo trang 15) trudng My: may mSc, thuy san, ndng san..., NXB - Nha nude ciing vdi cac hiep hdi ndng san can
cd chinh sach va bien phap day manh viec sii dung kenh phan phdi qua Viet Kieu tai Hoa Ky.
Hien nay life lupng Viet Kieu tai Hoa l<y rat ddng dao (khoang 1,5 trieu ngudi), cd sif hieu biet sau ve thi trudng va phuong thife phan phdi: do vay day la cau ndi rit hieu qua giufa cac doanh nghiep xult khiu ndng san Viet Nam vdi ngudi tieu diing Hoa Ky.
- Hiep hdi ndng san (Hiep hdi ca phe, Hiep hdi dieu, Hiep hdi ehe, Hiep hdi trai cay...) can phat huy hdn nifa vai trd phdi hpp trong viec nghien cOu thj trudng, cung cap thdng tin, tim kiem khach hang tren thj trUdng Hoa Ky, hd trp doanh nghiep slin xult va ehe bien ndng san.4
Tai li$u tham khao:
1. Bd ThUdng mai, Chien luac phat thin xuat nhip khiu hang hda va dich vu cOa Viet Nam thdi ky'2001-2010,2000.
2. Nguyen Bach Khoa, Chinh sach thUdng mai va marketing qudc te cac san phim ndng nghiep Vi$t Nam, NXB Thdng ke, 2004.
3. Vd Thanh Thu, Chiin lUdc tham nh$p thi
Thdng ke, 2001
4. Websites: http://www.moit.gov.vn
http://www.vietnam-ustrade.org http://www.usda.gov
http://www.vegetexcovn.com.vn Summary
The export of Vietnams agricultural products has risen sharply in recent years, making Vietnam one of the leading exporters of many key products.
Particularly, Vietnams export tumover to American market, which is considered the most fastidious with many barriers, keeps increasing year-on-year However, the present intemational economic crisis is putting many countries, America included, into diffi- culties; it also significantly affects the consumption needs of the people. This is a great challenge to our exports to this mari<et. So as to increase our exports, maintain our position in this potential and important mari<et, Vietnamese enterprises should have appro- priate product policies to improve the quality of the products, meet the various demand of the con- sumers at reasonable prices.
S6 28/2009
KHOA HOC