TAP CHI PHAT TRI^N N H A N LUC, S 6 4(25)-2011
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NGHj QUYET
COA O A N G V ATHl/C TIEN CUOC
SO'NGXAY DUNG D 6 | N G U CHUYEN GIA VA SXi DUNG CHUYEN GIA
(KY II)
HOANG CHJ BAO <>
H
e gii tri thupc ve nhin cich ciia tri thffc - chuyen gia, phan inh hip trffdng, quan diem chinh tri, tff Mdng - dao dffc vi vin hda tinh than cua hp, ndi Icn le song, mem tin vi hiMi ddng ciia hp cd the quy M vio nhiJfng djnh hffdng gii tri chii dao sau day:Td qud'c - dan tdc - nhin din - the gidi - thdi dai vi chu ngMa xa hdi.
Can phai cu the hda nhiifng djnh hffdng gii tri niy thinh nhufng gii tri, nhiJfng chuan mffc nhff the nio?
Thii nhat, tri thffc, chuyen gia li ngffdi cd tinh yeu Td qudc cua minh mdt cich sau sac, dd li long yeu nUdc, nhffng ngffdi the Men chu ngMa yen nffdc titiet tiia. Diy li mdt gii tii hxiyen thd'ng tiueng heng; yeu nffdc, ffung thinh vdi Td qudc, y thffc siu sac v i tff b i o ve Td qud'c, ve di't nffdc cua minh, thi'm tMa noi dau ddn. Mi nhue kM nffdc mi't, nhi tan, rdi vio tinh canh nd le, mi't dpc lap chu quyen va gan bd cudc ddi, 15^
Mdng, sff ngMep cua minh vdi van nffdc li pham chat hing dau cua tri thffc, chuyen gia. Gii tri nay li hang sd trong nhan cich ciia hp, la ddng Iffc manh het va ben bi thiic day hp lao ddng, sing tao, cdng Men tii ning cho Td qudc. Tri thffc, chuyen gia ngffdi Viet sinh sd'ng vi lim viec d nude ngoai cung vay. Ning Idng vdi Td qudc, vdi di't nffdc li pham gii, Idng tff trpng cao qu5^ cua tii thffc, chuyen gia'^^.
Thiit hai, til tiiffc, chuyen gia bieu Men gffdng mat tinh than, cd't cich tri tue v i van hda cua dan tpc, mot dan tdc cd sffc sdng manh het, cd
ljch sff hing ngin nim dffng nffdc vi giff nffdc, cd Iruyen Ihd'ng van hda vi vin Men. Lim rang rd vi hien vinh cho din tpc li ffdc nguyen, tim huyet cua dpi ngu tri thffc, chuyen gia. Ket tinh cho pham chit cao quy dd chinh la Hd CM Minh - nhi Iff tffdng kiet xua'l, mdt tri thffc Idn, mdt nhin cich vl dai cua dan tdc Viet Nam, sudt ddi theo dudi hoii bio, khat vpng lim cho Td qudc dpc lap, dan tdc tff do vi nhan dan cd cupc sdng hanh phuc. Ngffdi khdng cM tha'm tMa noi nhue mat nffdc mi cdn dau ddn, xdt xa trffdc cii chet the tham cua hdn 2 trieu ddng bao ta tiong nan ddi 1945. Ngffdi phit ddng tiong toin dan va tff minh neu gffdng trffdc tien ffong chinh phu, nhin i n lay gao cffu ddi cho din cff 10 ngiy nhin in mdt bffa, lap hii gao cffu ddi cho dan ngheo.
Cich mang thinh cdng, din da lap nen cMnh the cdng hda vi chinh quyen din chu, tM nhi't quyet khdng de dan chet ddi, chet ret. Nffdc mdi dpc lap, 95% dan sd cdn mu chff mi Ngffdi da dm ap mdt hoii bao, sau niy din tdc Viet Nam nhi't djnh phai trd thinh mdt din tdc thdng thii, sinh vai vdi cic cffdng qud'c nam chau.
Trong tru tinh cMen Iffdc cua minh, Hd CM Minh chu trffdng xay dufng xa hdi Viet Nam li mdt xa
(*) G S . T S Triet hoc, Chuyen gia cao cap, Uy vien H6i dong ly luan TW
''' Co mot trf thufc Vi§t kieu My, Bac sTy khoa, GS.TS y hoc noi tidng Nguyin HQu Minh Trf, mot tai nang xui't chung, duoc giai thudng cua Nha nude
Lien bang do Tong thdng trao tang, dUdc cong nhan la Giao sa thao thu sudt ddi, mien trd kiem tra djnh ky. 39 tuoi, lam benh nSng, qua ddi. Trade khi mat, CO tran trdi lai, dang hien toan bp tai san, cong trinh cho xa hdi, ch? xin dapc daa hai cdt ve an tang tai que nha (Ha Tay). Nhan each ciia nha trf thdc Idn do gay xuc dong Idng ngadi.
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HOANG CHf BAO - XAY DUNG Dpi NGU CHUYEN GIA.hdi vin hda cao. Dd li y thffc vi linh cim ciia dan tdc manh liel ma lid Chi Minh truyen viio dpi ngu tri thffc, chuycMi gia eiiii dan ide.
Tinh Ciim vii ^ Ihffc dan Ide li pham cha'l ndi trdi, dicn Mnh ciia ngffdi tri Ihffc - chuyCii gia vdi linh each la san pham ciia dan Ide, hi con de cua Ihdi dai Ijch sff, sdng trong long dan, do diin nudi dffdng ma ti-ffdng thinh, cd Irich nhiem va ngMa vu lam cho dan Idc Ird nen vffng manh vi trffdng ton.
Yeu nffdc va Iff hao d;in Idc, lam hel sffc minh vi .sff nghiep giai phdng dan Ide li-ffdc day, clnYii lifflig vi phil nien din tdc hien nay - dd lii tam nguyen ma cung li quyet lam hanh ddng eiiii tri thffc, chuyen gia nffdc ta d mpi Iffa tudi, the he, mpi nghe nghiep vi cffdng vj xa hdi.
Thd ha, tri thffc, chuyen gia gilii bd miu thjl
\di nhan dan, phin di'u vi Idi ich ciia dan, quyen lim chu cua nhan dan, nhi't li cic lang Idp ecf ban ciia xi hdi. Phuc vu Miin dan, lim day td ffung tiiinh, lim cdng bdc tan tuy cua dan theo cM dan cua Ho CM Minh, dd li le sdng, li Iffdng tim, trich nhiem ciia mpi cin bd, dang vien, cdng chffc, trong dd cd tri thffc - chuyen gia.
Nhffng dai bieu ffu tu trong dpi ngu niy dffdc tdn vinh vdi cic danh Meu cao qu^ nhff nhi giio ffU M, thay thude ffu M, nghe sT ffu tu, nhi giio nhin din, thay thud'c nhin din, nghe si nhan dan li nhffng ti'm gffdng dien Mnh.
Li tii san quy gii, li Mem tff hio cua nhan din, tri thffc - chuyen gia nffdc ta khi the Men ly tffdng chinh tri, ly tffdng nghe nghiep ciia minh cung chinh li the Men thinh thii dd lao ddng, h^'t Idng, hot sffc phuc vu nhin dan, dem tai ning vi dffc dp cua minh cdng hien cho To qudc - d i n tdc vi nhan dan. Ghi nhd Idi day va phffdng cham ffng xff mi Ho C^hi Minh neu ra, tri thffc - chuyen gia b^ng lao ddng cua minh lim cho dan giiu, nffdc manh, din chii. cdng b^ng, vin minh, ndi it lim nhieu, Idi ndi di ddi vdi viec lim. Lim dieu Idi cho dan, trinh dieu hai tdi dan, phi'n di'u cho cic gii trj din chu, cdng bang, giam iMeu tdi mffc tiia'p nhi't nhffng tdn hai tdi din. Li tri thffc - chuyen gia eiia dan, hp phai gan dan, tin din, trpng dan, hpc din, hdi dan. Men dan, thffdng dan vi bao ve dan, biet hy sinh vi dan, lim cho dan ed in, cd mic, dffdc hpc hinh, dffdc chim sdc sffc khde, dffdc
Iff do vi hanh phiic. Sff menh cua tri thffc, chuyen gia li phii chim lo cho din sinh - dan tri - dan qiiycn - dan ehii. Mud'n vay, phii thffc hinh can, kiem, liem, chinh, trpng dan, trpng phap.
Uy tin, anh hffdng xa hpi ciia chuyen gia tri thffc nhan diin phai lii gii trj dich thffc, dffdc dan dinh gii, din tin cay, dan iing hd. Day cung la vinh quang vi hanh phiic ciia ngffdi tri thffc, ehnyeii gia nhan dan - sff nghiep gin bd vdi nhan dan, phan di'u cho hanh phiic ciia nhan dan.
Din tdc li trirdng Ion, nhin dan li bat tff thi chin giii hi ciia tri thffc, chuydn gia dffdc do bing nhffng tii ning cdng hien cho xa hdi, vi cudc .sd'ng cua nhan dan. thiet thffc. gian dj chff khdng phai nhffng thff hff danh, phu phiem, danh vpng hay quyen Iffc.
Thii tu, tri thffc, chuyen gia cua nhan dan va dan toe trong thdi dai cua ddi mdi vi phit trien, trong bdi canh toin cau hda vi hdi nhap, tat yeu phai gin lien dan tdc vdi qud'c te, vdi tiie gidi vi thdi dai.
Khi khdi xffdng dffdng Idi ddi mdi lai Dai hpi VI (12-1986), Dang ta di chu trffdng md cffa vdi the gidi ben ngoii, bing dffdng Idi. chinh sich dd'i ngoai hoi binh vi hffu nghj da chu ddng phi the bao \ ay, cam van ciia cac the Iffc tiii djch de khai thdng eon dffdng phit trien cua Viet Nam, tin dung thdi cP \a vffdt qua thich thffc de phil trien. Den Dai hdi Vll (1991). Dang ta chii ti-ffdng md rdng quan he hdp tic, Uiyen bd Viet Nam s^n sing hdp uic song phffdng va da phffdng. niong mud'n la ban ciia tit ca cac ntidc, khdng phan bici ehc dp chinh tri, cilng hdp tic vi canh tranh, ciing tdn tai vi phit trien, tdn ffpng chu quyen doe lap cua nhau, cung cd Idi.
Trong di phit trien cua xu the toin cau hda.
Dang ta lai chu ddng hdi nhap vdi qud'c te va ngay nay da hdi nhap ngay cang sau rdng vdi qudc le, khai thic cd hieu qua cac ngoai Mc, phil trien manh ndi Iffc, tao ra the vk lUc mdi, nhanh chdng dffa nffdc ta ra khdi tinh tiang kem phit tiien, tao tien dd cho phit tiien v i phit tiien ben vffhg. Tri thffc, chuyen gia do die diem lao ddng tri dc sing tao vi ed ffu the ve nang Iffc tri Me nen la Idp ngffdi rat nhay cam vdi ddi mdi, vdi tiidi dai vi tiidi cupc mdi cua phit tiien. Sdm nhap cupc vdi ddi mdi, sff ngMep ciia dan va
HOANG CHI BAO - XAY DUNG DO! N G O CHUYEN GIA...
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cua Dang cung ddng thdi li sff nghiep cua ban thin tri thffc, chuyen gia. Doi mdi ciing lao ra cd hdi ngin ving cho tri thffc, chuyen gia bdc Id dffdc tam huyet cua iMnh, phit huy tii ning, iM thd cic sing kien, phit miMi de ddng gdp hiM Ich, kjp thdi cho di't nffdc va dan tdc.
Hdn ai het, tri thffc - chuyen gia hieu rd, sff phit trien theo md Mnh cu trong the ddng cffa.
khdp kin, biet lip cua trang thai de dao Ii loi thdi, be tac vi khdng cd hien \ png. Vi sff nghiep phit tiien di't nffdc, chin hffng dan toe, tri thffc - chuyen gia nffdc la giic ngd sff can thiet phai gan phit trien cua Viet Nam \di phit tiien cua qud'c te, md rdng hdp lac. lien kel vdi khu vffc, the gidi toin cau trong thdi dai ngiy nay. Dd la con dffdng, phffdng thffc de tiep thu klioa hpc - ky thuat vi cdng nghe tien lieMi. lim ting tiem Iffc chit xim ciia din tdc qua dpi ngu tri thffc - chuyen gia, nang cao sffc manh til tue Viet Nam, khang djnh thffdng Meu Viet Nam tren thj tiifdng the gidi, khdng cM ffong budn bin, thffdng mai cua cic doanh nhin mi cdn trong cic cdng trinh khoa hpc, vin hda, nghe thuat Viet Nam.
Day manh cdng ngMep hda. Men dai hda ngiy nay vffa md ra cd hdi lai vffa hdi thiic manh me dpi ngu chuyen gia - Xn thffc nffdc ta phii phit trien nhanh chdng ca ve sd Iffdng vi chit Iffdng, lim cho Viet Nam ffd nen phu cffdng. Men dai va vin minh.
Vao luc niy, kM thdng tm bung nd dff dpi vdi gia tdc Idn, kM cich mang khoa hpc - cdng nghe vi kinh te hi thffc dang phit trien rat manh me, nhff mdt tiong nhffng sff kien ndi bat cua the ky XXI tiff dpi ngu til thffc - chuyen gia cd vai trd vi frpng ffich to Idn dd'i vdi van menh ciia di't nffdc vi din tpc. Nhan rd vai tid vi trpng trich dd, tii thffc - chuyen gia cua nffdc ta d mpi linh vffc, die biet li tiong Unh vffc khoa hpc - cdng nghe, giao due - dio tao v i kinh te phii chu ddng hpi nhap vdi qud'c te, tidp can nhffng tiidng tin mdi, nam bat kip thdi nhffng thinh UM mdi nhi't cua tiie gidi de giup Ich cho di't nffdc, dip ffng yeu cau phit tiien cua din tdc.
Thii ndm, li tri thffc, chuyen gia ciia dan tdc vi nhan dan, di tren con dffdng Idn cua hch sff do Dang lanh dao, con dffdng dpc lap v i chu ngMa xa hdi, hp ddng thdi Ii nhffng tii thffc cua Dang. Du Ii dang vien hay khdng phai la dang
vien nhffng tri thffc - chuyen gia hien nay deu phi'n bieu hien minh li nliffng tri thffc chuyen gia cich mang, li nhffng ngffdi di tien phong trong ddi mdi, thffc Men thang Idi muc lieu cua ddi mdi vi din giiiu, nffdc manh, dan chu, cdng bang, vin minh. Dd chinh li ehvi nghia xd hgi Viet Nam, Ii sU nghiep xdy dUng chii nghia xd hgi d Viet Nam.
Nhff da ph.in lich d phan dau, ngffdi tri thffc chin chinh, nang Idng gan bd vdi Td qudc, vdi dan Ide vi nhan dan minh, y thffc sau sac ve xu the phit trien cua ljch sff the gidi vi thdi dai tit yeu di tdi chii ngMa xi hdi, lit yeu giic ngd \^
tffdng xa hdi ehii nghia vi dem sff nghiep cua minh g^n vdi sff nghiep ciia nhin dan: dpc lip dan tdc vi chu nghia xa hdi. Toin tam toin ^ phi'n di'u vi din, vi nffdc, dd li 1^ Mdng xa hdi chii nghia. Dd ciing li le sd'ng vi hinh ddng cua tri thffc - chuyen gia cich mang.
Chu ngMa xa hdi vi chu ngMa cdng sin khdng phai li mdt y Mem triM tffdng, mot quan diem cMnh tri cd tinh biet phii, giao dieu mi la con dffdng phat trien tit yeu, la trien vpng tich cffc cua lich sff, li mdt phffdng in phit trien va Mnh thffc td chffc xi hdi tdt nhi't, phii hdp nhi't vdi nguyen vpng cua nhan din. Nhan rd dieu dd, ngffdi tri thffc - chuyen gia chin chinh, yeu nffdc, thffdng dan ti't yeu den vdi chu ngMa xa hdi, tvC nguyen pha'n di'u cho sff toan thang cua chii ngMa xi hpi. Chu ngMa xi hpi khdng cd gi khic chinh li dpc lap - hi" do - din chu - cdng bang - binh dang vi hanh phuc cua nhan dan. Sff gap gd tff nhien niy giffa nhin dan vdi tri thffc - chuyen gia cua nhin dan lim cho chii ngMa xa hdi the Men dam net tinh nhan dan, tinh dan chu vi nhan dao thupc ve ban chit cua nd.
He gii tri cua tri thffc - chuyen gia nhff da neu tren dffdc tffng ngffdi tri thffc, chuyen gia giic ngd, tff giic Ilia chpn, t\i nguyen pha'n di'u mi cung cdn li ket qua cua giio due, tuyen truyen trong xa hdi, tiong Dang, tiong cic cd quan td chffc, ndi m i ngffdi tri thffc - chuyen gia lam viec. Phai xui't phit tff he gii trj niy mi xic dinh nhffng ke hoach boat ddng, nhffng chffdng trinh giio due, ren luyen, thff thich, giup cho Mng tri thffc - chuyen gia va ca dpi ngu cua hp xffng ding cao nhi't, td't nhat vdi Mem tin yeu cua nhin dan, sff mong ddi cua Td qudc, sff ky
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H O A N G CHf B A O - X A Y DUNG D O I NGU CHUYEN GIA...thic cua dan loc, .sff tin ciiy cua Ding, ciia die dp.
Khai quat vd vai ti d va t^m quan trpiis ciia viec xSy difns dpi nRU chuyCn Ria Irons lh(ri ky da'y manh cdny nj»hiep hda, hidn dai hda.
Cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hdii diil nffdc hi nhiem \ii "trung lam. then chdi trong thdi ky qua dp len chii nghia xii hdi d nffdc lii. Cdng nghiep hda. hien d;ii IUKI trong lien Irinh ddi nidi d Viel Nam dffdc dai ra Iff I )i.ii hdi VIII (1996), vio thdi diem cudi the ky XX, khi nffdc la ihi ra khdi cudc khiing hoang kinh le xa hdi liiim trpng ma phai mat diing mdi Ihap ky ddi mdi (1986-
1996) chiing la mdi giiii quycl dffdc vc cd ban.
Van kien Dili hdi VIII da chi id, nhd ed ddi mdi, thay ddi md hinh phil Irien \ii ect che quan \<j kicu cu, xda bd cd che quan ly tip Irung quan lieu \a bao cap Irong nen kinh le ke hoach, chuyen siiiig cd die thj li-ffdng vi phil trien kinh le thj hoTdng, md cffa \ii hdi nhap vdi the gidi beMi ngoii mi nffdc ta da xic lap dffdc dn djnh de phit hien, di giai quyet ve cd ban cudc khung hoang kinh ic xi hdi tram trpng tff giffa nhffng nim 80 ciia the ky XX, tao lap dffdc nhffng tien de eiia phit trien tuy eon ehua vdng chac Dili hdi VIII xic djMi, mdt thdi ky mdi di md ra d nffdc ta, dd li thdi ky tien hinh cic nhiem vu trpng dai nhffng cung rat kho khdn, phde tap vd mdi me thffc Men cdng nghiep hda. Men dai hda di't nffdc, coi dd Ii nhiem vu trung tam, then chdi trong sudt thdi ky qui dp len chii ngMa xa hdi, bd qua che dp tff ban chu ngMa d nffdc ta.
Nhffng tien dc cua phit trien, ndi mdt cich Mnh tffdng li bffdc vio dffdng bing dc eat cinh, dd'i vdi nffdc ta sd dl cdn chffa viJng ch^c vi nffdc ta trong nhffng nim ddi mdi tuy dat dffdc tdc dp ling trffdng cao nhffng vdn d trong tinh Irgng kem phdt trien, thieu vdn, thieu ky thuat - cdng nghe Men dai, thj trffdng chffa phat trien va md rdng, ngudn Iffc lao ddng ddi d i o nhtitig chat Iffdng thi'p, phan Idn chffa qua dio tao. Xa hdi Viet Nam van cdn la mgt xd hoi qud dd vdi ket ci'u truyen thd'ng vi nen ndng ngMep cd truyen lac hau, le thupc qui nhieu vio Iff nhien. Nen kinh te nffdc ta My di chuyen sang quan hS thj trffdng vi i p dung cd che thi trffdng, Man theo quy Mat thj trffdng nhtitig vdn la mgt nen kinh te chuyen ddi, kinh te thi trffdng mdi manh nha.
cdn nhieu yen td sd khai, chff chffa phii li mdt nen kinh le thj trffdng thinh thue. Men dai. Dil da lii khdi khung hoing nhffng tiem an tii lam phat, tii khiing lioiing van ludn ludn li mot nguy e(< cd Ihc xi'iy ra, do thffc Iffc kinh te cdn yeu kem, kd ca trinh dd quin \</. Dieu niy da xiy ra trong nhffng nim vffa qua, ngay sau khi nffdc ta hdi nhap qud'c te, trd thinh thinh vien (thff 150) ciia I'd chffc rhff(fng mai The gidi (WTO), nhat hi khi cudc khung hoang kinh te tai chinh loan Ciiu (2()()8-2()()9) tic ddng vao nffdc la vdi cffdng dp vi i p Iffc manh hdn nhieu so vdi khiing hoang lii chinh d khu vffc Ddng A nim 1997. Cdn nhiem vu cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda ffd nen khd khin, phffc tap vi mdi me vi diy li cdng nghiep hda thS' h^ mdi, theo md Mnh, chien Iffdc vi bffdc di mdi, khic ve cin ban vdi cdng ngMSp hda nhffng nam 60 ciia the ky trffdc.
Cdng nghiep hda thdi ky ddi mdi g^n vdi hing loat nhin id tic ddng ben trong vi ben ngoai, dd li kinh le thj trffdng, li loan cau hda va hpi nhap vdi sff canh tranh gay git giffa cic ddi tic tren thj trffdng khu \ ffe vi the gidi, theo diing quy Mat thj trffdng mi ta khdng cd bao nMeu kinh nghiem. Dd cdn li i p Iffc ciia nhufng bien ddi niau le ciia khoa hpc \ a cdng nghe tien tien vi hien dai. Diy lai li Ilnh \ffc mi chiing ta cdn Miicu yeu kem. chim phit trien. tMeu rat nMeu chuyen gia \a thd linh nghe. lai thffdng xuyen bj niu kdo bdi nhffng tan dff cu, thdi quen cii tilf thdi tip trung quan lieu bao cap chffa xda het.
Trffdc diy, vio nhffng nim 60, nffdc ta lam cdng ngMep hda theo md Mnh Xd \ ict. chu yeu dffa \ ao ngudn vien trd khong hoan lai ciia Lien Xd vi cac nffdc xi hpi chii ngMa anh em. Nay tinh Mnh da hoin toan thay ddi, phai tu lUc \l doe Idp giai quyet nhiJfng van de phit ffien ciia chinh minh. trong khi cic ngudn Iffc tii cMnh, ky tiiuat, nhan Iffc ciia ta deu tiueu va yeu. Hdn nffa, tiat tff tiie gidi da tiiay ddi, vio Iffc nay, ta phai chip nhan lam in, hdp tic, canh tianh vdi cic nffdc tiong khu vffc vi phffdng Tay mot cich sdng phing, theo cic rang bupc thdng le qudc te kM vay vdn vi tti lai. Dd li c i mot tiiff tiiich dd'i vdi nffdc ta. Song khdng lim cong ngM^p hda till khdng tiie tiiay ddi tinh chat va tiinh d6 phit trien cua ndn kinh te nffdc ta de ti)f mot nffdc ndng ngMep thinh mot nffdc cdng ngMdp,
HOANG CHf BAO - XAY DUNG DOI NGU CHUYEN GIA.
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dh li cdng nghiep trung binh cua the gidi. Cdng nghiSp hda de xay dffng cd sd vat chat - ky thuat cua chu ngMa xa hpi, trong dieu kien qud do, bo qua che do tu hdn chii nghia. Dd la mdt ddi hdi tit yeu cua phat trien, cd tinh chiii quy Mat.
Ngiy nay, cdng ngMep hda trd thanli dieu kien bat budc de Men dai hda xa hdi, thffc Men bffdc chuyen tff xa hdi cd truyen. lac hau thanh xii hdi vin minh. Men dai. Do dd, vdi Viet Nam, cong nghiep hda gdn vdi hien dai hda. Day la ca motphdc herp bao gdiii rit nhieu phffdng dien, nMeu qui Uinh, ddi hdi ri't nliieu ngudn Iffc, hdp thinh vdn xa hdi mi quan trong nlidi Id vdn ngUdi, Id nguon nhdn lue chat luang cao. Klidng the chi dffa \ao ngudn Iffc bcMi trong mi phai tim kiem cic ngudn Iffc ben ngoai, lii/dc hel li vay vdn vi huy ddng dau tff iff nffdc ngoai vio tiong nffdc. CM rieng xiy diflig he thdng dffdng cao tdc, sin bay. ben cang, ha tang ky thuat (bffu cMnh vien thdng, cdng nghe thdng tin) da ddi hdi nhiifng ngudn cM khdng id bang vay nd nffdc ngoii vi chip nhan ha lii diing tiidi han.
Phit trien cdng nghiep va ffng dung cdng nghe, nhi't li cic nginh mui nhpn, cic may mdc tMet bj the he mdi lai hen quan den dau M md mang c i c khu cdng nghiep, cac vilng cdng ngMep cMen Iffdc, thu hut cic chu dau tff, cic doanh ngMep vi doanh nhin nffdc ngoii, ddng thdi khdng the khdng giy ra nhffng tic ddng, bien ddi ve moi trudng. Trong kM xic djnh cdng ngMep hda hffdng ve xui't khau, day manh xui't khau hing hda ndng sin vi cic san pham cdng ngMep tieu diing mi ta gpi li cd the manh, chung ta ddng tiidi xui't khau lao ddng de tang ngudn Idi vi giai quyet sffc ep tMeu viec lim d tiong nffdc, Viet Nam da xic djnh "chien luac cong nghiep hda rut ngdn", "di tat, ddn dau" de kjp dat dffdc mat bang chung ciia cic nffdc trong khu vffc va tiie gidi. Dd li mdt chu ffffdng dung dan, phu hdp vdi thffc tien.
Song, khd khin phit sinh v i nhffng nguy cd tiem an cung khdng it v i ngiy cing bdc Id gay
Trudc het, dd l i khi nang kiem soit ngudn vdn vay, Meu qua sff dung v i nhffng dam bao thanh toin cic khoan vay qudc te. Trong tiffdng hdp "phit tiien xi'u", "nd xi'u", neu vi quan 15^
yen kem, tham hut, tham nhung, nha nffdc khdng cd kha nang Ihanh toin, doanh nghiep thua Id, phi sin tlii tinh trang nd nan chdng chit, vd nd sc lam cho nffdc la Iff le thupc kinh Ic cd the rdi vao le thude ve chinh trj, mat dpc lap chu quyen.
Sau do, do yeu kem ve tiem Iffc phat trien khoa hpc - cdng nghe, thieu chuyen gia gidi nen Irong cac dim phin, kinh doanh, budn bin lien tlij ti'ffdng qud'c le, vice nliap khau ky thuat - cdng nghe sai, dffa vao trong nffdc nhffng cdng nghe lac hiiu, loi llidi mi cac nffdc da thii loai Iff lau till nguy cd xa'u cd the xay ra, Iff minh bien nffdc minh thanh mdt bai lae cdng nghe lac hau, chffa chat dd phe thai cua cic nffdc, gay tdn hai Idn klidng chi ve kinh te ma cdn li mdi li-ffdng. NMeu vu viec, sff kien xay ra nhffng nam qua da cho thay nhff vay.
Vii sau Cling, mdt tinh hudng khdng kem phan nan giai, li nghjch ly phit trien bien thinh phin phat trien, khdng the xem thffdng. Dd li tinh trang do cdng ngMep che bien, cdng nghe tinh che cua chiing ta yeu kem, it dffdc quan tam dau tff nen sudt mdt thdi gian dii, ngay ca Men nay, ta thien ve xudt khau nguyen lieu thd, dem tdi nguyen vdn hitu han di bin, hau qua li thua id, thua tMet ri't nang ne trffdc nhffng bien ddng gii ca tren tM trffdng the gidi.
Ngay ca viec xui't khau gao vi cic hing hda ndng san ciing vay. Dil la mdt trong nhffng nffdc xui't khau gao hang dau ffen the gidi nhffng do cdng nghe tinh che cdn yen kem nen chit Iffdng gao xui't khau thua kem cic nffdc vi gii ffj thu dffdc khdng Mdng xffng vdi lao ddng da bd ra.
Hien trang niy cd lien quan den yen cau phit trien ben vffng ffong xu the cua nen kinh te ffi thffc.
CMen Iffdc phit trien chung cua cic nffdc Men nay li ting him Iffdng chi't xim, ngudn tri Me tiong dau vao cua sin pham, han che xui't khau nguyen lieu, can nhac, tinh toin ri't ky Iffdng den tiet kiem nguyen Ueu, de dinh tdi da nguyen heu, tii nguyen tMen nhien tiong long di't cho ddi sau, cho cic the he con chiu. Nffdc nio cing day manh khai thic nguyen heu, xui't khau thd, khdng qua tinh che, bin tai nguyen de tang tdng thu nhap qud'c din, tM nffdc dd cing tien gan tdi ngd cut, tdi be tac tiong phit trien, do can kiet cic ngudn Iffc phit trien diX thude ve lai the so
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HOANG CHf BAO XAY DUNG DOI NGU CHUYEN GIA.5dn/2.Day li Idi canh b i o sing sudl v i cung li thdng diep p h i l tiien ed tinh thdi .sff ciVp thiol dd'i vdi nffdc la Irong lien liiiili dii'y manh cdng nghiep hda, Men dai hda.
Y nglila sau xa can dffdc suy ngam d diiy chinh li van de chuyen gia, la xay dffng dpi iigQ chuyen gia v i sff dung chuyen giii iroug phat trien.
Tff dd, ti( gdc nhin chuveii gia iv> lie tiO'p edii phdt trien hen vrfiii^. ciin phai nliiin Ihffc nhff tlie iiao \ e Ihffc dial ciia cdng nghiep hda, hien dcii hda ddi \di nffdc la.
Cd may diem dang Iffu y dffdi day:
Thd nhat, cdng nghiep hda giln lien vdi hien dai hda. Dd la quii Uinh khdng chi thuan liiy li ky Ihual - cdng nghe ma cdn la chien Iffdc phil trien kinh tc Xil iidi. Phai lim cdng nghiep hda sao cho hffdng Idi muc dich hien diii hda xa hdi.
Cdng nghiep hda phai lao ra sffc manh ky thuat - cdng nghe de Ihiic day ling Irffdng Vii p h i l tiien kinh te, khdng chi la kinh te thj trffdng nhff Men nay m i phai linh den xu the kinh id tri thffc trong mdt Iffdng lai khdng cdn xa nffa dd'i vdi nffdc ta. Ma kinh le tri thffc cMnh li kinh le Iiy ngudn Iffc tri tue lam ndng cdt, chu yeu. Chinh dpi ngu tri thffc - chuyen gia trinh dp cao se li nhin vat chu yen cua kinh te tri thffc, ciing do dd, phdt trien khoa hoc - cdng nghe \'d gido due - dao tao Id qud'c sdch hdng ddu. ddy Id iTnh vUc phai cong nghiep hda, hien dai hda dc sin pham, chit Iffdng m i nd tao ra se trd thinh Iffc day ciia cdng nghiep hda, Men dai hda, l i ngudn sd'ng, chit dinh dildng hing dau ciia kinh te tri thffc.
Nhan thffc dieu dd, Nghj quyet ciia Dang d i chi rd: ddy manh cong nghiep hda, hien dai hda gdn vdi phdt trien kinh le tri thi'fc I Idn nffa, cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda khdng chi phuc vu p h i t trien kinh te m i phai g^n kinh te vdi xa hdi, dam bao chit Iffdng xa hdi cua phil trien kinh te, phai chu trpng giai quyet c i c vi'n de xa hdi, quan ly x i hdi, chinh s i c h x i hpi v i he thd'ng mang Mdi an sinh xa hdi vi c h i t Iffdng cudc sd'ng ciia con ngffdi.
Thd hai, cdng nghiep hda. Men dai hda khdng cM dan ket q u i trinh ky thuat - cdng nghe vdi q u i trinh kinh te xa hpi m i trong chieu sau thupc vd ban chi't cua nd, cong nghiep hda, hi$n dai hda cdn la mgt qud trinh vdn hda, dua nhdn to vdn hda vao chuang trinh phdt trien xd hgi,
hi('n dai hda xd hgi.
('dug nghiep hda, hien dai hda khdng chi lao lii vat diii'l - ky thuat hien dai, x i y dffng x i hpi cdng nghiep vii he Ihd'ng cdng nghe tien lien, pliiil irien khoa hoe, nha'l la c i c nginh khoa hpc mui nhpn, lien tdi x i hdi thdng tin v i kinh te tri Ihffc niii cdn tao ra sff thay ddi c i n ban ve tff duy, y thffc xa hdi, hinh thanh loi sdng cdng nghiep hien dai, xa hdi van minh. Dd chinh la van hda, cii v i n hda vai the v i phi vat the, xay dffng mdi trffdng van hda, nang cao trinh dd hpc van, hpc thffc cho toin d i n , d i p ffng yeu cau phil Irien vc mpi m i l ciia cdng ddng xa hdi va cua tffng c i nhin.
Mdt xa hdi dffdc tao dffng bdi cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda vdi kinh Ic Ihi trffdng v i kinh le tri thffc, lai md cffa \ a hdi nhap vdi the gidi ben ngoii sc lim Mnh thinh mdt cd ci'u xa hpi da dang v i n i n g ddng c i c giai ci'p, tang Idp vi giai lang x i hdi, Mnh thinh va phit trien xa hpi hpc t i p , xa hpi tri thffc biet quy ffpng hpc van v i t i i n i n g . Irong x i hdi dd, tri thffc, chuyen gia hoal ddng trong mpi linh \ffc se trd thinh mdt ddi ngu manh. mdi Iffc Iffdng ndng cdt thiic day sff p h i t trien, lao ra mdt trinh dp v i chat Iffdng mdi ciia quan ly. Dd sc li mdt x i hdi ma d i n chii sc phat trien, the che d i n chii phip quyen se trd nen djnh Mnh thinh thuc vdi mot n h i nffdc dffdc dieu h i n h quan ly tren trinh do khoa hpc cao \ di hieu Iffc thffc sff ciia Mat phip v i \ a n hda p h i p Mat.
Vdi cdng nghiep hda. Men dai hda. khoa hpc - cdng nghe sc ddng vai trd ndi bat trong Iffc Iffdng s i n xua'l \ a giio due - dao tao se ngang tam chuan mffc qudc le, la mdi trffdng dao tao nhan Iffc cao. li \ ffdn ffdni c i c tai ning, c i c nhan tii tri thffc. CMa klida ciia phit trien v i md cffa di tdi Iffdng lai l i d khoa hpc - cdng nghe va g i i o due - d i o tao. Thanh bai ciia p h i t trien, eiia c h i n hffng d i n tpc. p h i t trien di't nffdc va con ngffdi dffdc quyet dinh tff hai tru cdt nay, d i e biet la g i i o due - dao tao. Dan-tdn da tiftig nhan x6t ve ky nguyen v i n minh. Men dai rang, sau tiiffc pham, thffc i n tuih than hang d i u ciia mdi qud'c gia - dan tpc cMnh l i g i i o due. Ro r i n g , cdng nghiep hda, hidn dai hda vffa can den nhan td v i n hda nhff mot Iffc day, nhff mdt ngudn Iffc m i cung chinh nd tao ra xa hpi van hda, tao ra s i n pham quan tipng bac nhi't cda
HOANG CHf BAO - XAY DUNG DOI NGU CHUYEN GIA..
25
phit trien li vin hda. Chinh dieu dd cho Iha'y, cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda vffa ddi hdi ri't nhieu ve so' Iffdng, rat cao ve chit Iffdng dpi ngQ tii thffc - chuyen gia lai vffa tao ra dieu kien vi cd hdi de phit trien chuyen gia - tri thffc.
Cdng nghiep hda. hien dai hda da khdeh quan hoa vai Ird quan Irpiig ngiy ciiiig ting ciia cic chuycMi gia ddi vdi sff phil trien ciia x<i hdi. Nd cung ddng thdi khich quan hda lam quan trpng cua viec xay dffng ddi ngu chuyen gia vi dpi ngii tri thffc ndi chung. Thffc hien chien Iffdc cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda khdng the khdng gan hen vdi chien Iffdc xiy dffng dpi ngu chuyen gia, cic chinh sich d tam qudc gia trong vice sff dung chuyen gia, ffpng dai hien lai, nhan tii cua di't nffdc. Nhffng dieu trinh biy trcMi diy, khii quit lai, cd the MMi dung vai hd ciia chuyen gia vi dpi ngu chuyen gia d nffdc ta trong tien trinh day manh cdng nghiep hda, Men dai hda nhff sau:
Chuyen gia vi dpi ngii chuyen gia gidi cd tic dung vi anh hffdng ri't lo Idn den viec xdc lap quan diem chien luac, xdy dUng vd hoach dinh ede chien luae, cdc chinh sdch phdt trien qudc gia, tff cMen Mdc phit ffien tdng the den cic chien Iffdc phit trien ngdnh, linh vUc, viing lanh thd ciing nhff cdc chinh sdch phdt trien.
Tri Me, tii nang, sffc sing tao, tinh than cich tan, ddi mdi ciia cic chuyen gia can tMet khdng the tiueu de xic lap tdm nhin vd hanh dong cua lanh dao, cua quan 1^ mi cic quyet sich dffa ra cd anh hffdng tdi sff phit trien cua x i hdi, sff hffng thinh cua di't nffdc vi cudc sdng, ddi sd'ng cua nhan din. Ddng vai tid niy, tnidc het phii ndi den doi ngd chuyen gia ly ludn, nhffng nhi tff tffdng, nhffng chie'n Iffdc gia, cd the gpi l i tinh hoa, tie'p sinh Iffc cho gidi lanh dao, cam quyen. Doi ngd nay tdc dong true licp vdo chinh tri vd chinh gidi, vdo hoqt ddng Idnh dao vd cam quyen tiidng qua de xuat M van, phan bien, khuyen nghi, dff bio vi canh bio. Ngoii ra, cic chuyen gia tiinh dp cao, chuyen sau d ttog Unh vffc cung cd vai trd ndi bat tdi cic quyet sich, Iffa chpn chinh sich.
Chuyen gia v i dpi ngu chuyen gia gidi, die biet li cic chuyen gia kinh td, ky tiiuat - cdng nghe gdp phan quan trpng trtfc tiep vio vide hoach dinh va tiiffc Mdn phat triin kinh t^', nhi't li trong nen kinh td' thi trffdng, xay dffng thd
che vi chinh sich kinh le', giai cic bii loin phil Irien kinh le xa hdi trong dieu kien phit trien dn djnh, biiili thffdng cung nhff trong nhffng linh hudng khdng binh thffdng (lam phil, giam phit, khung hoang...).
Chuyen gia va dpi ngu chuyen gia gidi can thiet cho vice quan ty xd hgi vd quan ly phdt trien xd hgi (theo ca nghia rdng Ian ngMa hep), die biet hi xay dffng vi Ihffc Men chinh sach xa hdi. chinh sich an sinh xa hdi. dam bao cic mdi quan he dn djnh Vii phil Irien. giai quyet cic phffdng an, cac tinh hudng trong phit trien tren Ciic Mih vffc xa hdi vdi vd ,sd cic van dc thupc ve quan he xa hdi, cd cau xa hdi, chmh sich xi hdi, dieu liel phin hda, dieu chinh xung dot vi miu thuan, dff bio cac chieu hffdng bit djnh de phdng trinh, tao lip vi cung cd cic nhan td dn djnh dd phit trien.
Chuyen gia vi dpi ngu chuyen gia gidi gdp phan vio sU phdt trien khoa hpc (ca ngMen cffu cd ban Ian nghien cffu ffng dung vi tdng ket thffc tien, phat trien ly Man mdi), phdt trien ky thuat - cdng nghe, ffng dung cdng nghe v i o bio ve ddi sdng, sinh hoal cho con ngffdi trong xi hdi hien dai, bao ve, duy tri vi tii tao mdi trffdng vi sff dam bio an toin cho sff sd'ng vi xa hdi. Cic chuyen gia ve cdng nghe vi mdi trffdng ngiy cing can tMet cho nhu can sd'ng vi phit trien.
Chuyen gia va dpi ngu chuyen gia gidi ffong dieu kien Men nay kM toin cau hda vi hpi nhap ngiy mdt md rdng cing cd vai trd tMet yeu de xdy dung chien luac, chinh sdch hao ve Td qudc, cha quyen qudc gia ddn tgc, an ninh vd an toan xd hgi (thupc Knh vufc an mnh, qudc phdng) ddng thdi thuc thi dudng Idi ddi ngoai vd chinh sdch ngoai giao tich cue, hoa binh, hitu nghi, hap tdc vd phdt trien.
Xu hffdng Idn cua the gidi dffdng dai li hda binh, hdp tic vi phit trien, ciing nhff mdt die diem ndi bat tiong quan he giffa cic nhi nffdc, cic chinh phu li tinh phu thugc vd tdy thugc Ian nhau, do dd, cic nhi ngoai giao, cic chuyen gia tiong Unh vffc ddi ngoai cd vai tid die bi6t, d hp can r^t nMeu tii nang, s\i nhay ben, ning Iffc dff bio vi de xu^t chinh sich, phan tich chinh sich.
Cic nha giao due, cic til thffc khoa hpc lam cdng tic dio tao d trinh dp chuyen gia ri't can cho cdng cudc chan hung gido due, dao tao
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HOANG CHf BAO - XAY DUNG DOI NGU CHUYEN GIA...nhdn lue vd hdi dudiig nhdn tdi cho dai nffdc.
Day la Iffc Iffdng chuyen gia nil ddng chio va hp Ihiic sff quycl djnh dial Iffdng giio due de phil trien xil hdi.
Xdv di/iig \'d phdi Irien vdn hda, ngudn lieiii ndng linh ihdii ei'ia xd hdi, rdi cdn den ddi ngd chuyen gia vdn hda, bao gdm ca nghien cffu, siing tic, bieu dicn, quan ly. hoach dinh chinh sich. Trong nen kinh le Ihj trffdng, Irong giao Iffu v i n hda dang xuai hien cac hoal ddng, djch vu x'iin hda. du lich \ ii phdt irien ngdnh cdng nghiep vdn hda, do dd ciiiig c;lii tien dpi ngu chuyen gia gidi. eo liii nang \ii kinh nghiem de
\ffa phai trien \iui hda viYii bao Ion v i phil huy ban .sic \i"iii hda diin loe.
Cham lo phdt trien v le vd sde khde cdng ddng. phdng ngffa ciic dich benh. nha'l li cac dai djch. ciie benh hicm nghdo de dam bao sffc khde \ e the chit cho ngudn n h i n Iffc, b i o ve c i c b i me \ii Ire em, ling cffdng tudi thp cho con ngffdi ddi hdi dpi ngu thay thude chuyen gia tai gidi \ a y dffc cao. Phil trien ddi ngu chuyen gia trong linh \ ffe n i y l i mdt chi so do Iffdng ban chat nhan dao ciia che dd xa hdi.
Xa hdi ngiy cing phit trien v i Men dai c i n g ddi hdi chii trpng xay dffng dgi ngd chuyen gia lam cdng tdc xd hgi, phdt trien cdng ddng, dgc biet la an sinh xd hgi. D i y l i linh vffc cdn rat mdi me dd'i vdi nffdc ta.
Tren day da diem den 9 linh vffc can thiet phai xay dijfng ddi ngQ chuyen gia l i i gidi v i
qua dd, cho thi'y vai lid to Idn ciia dpi ngu chuyen gia ddi vdi sff phit trien xa hdi xct theo Cnh vffc hoal ddng.
C i c h tidp Ciin n i y dd xem xct vai trd chuyen gia hi cd linh Iffdng dd'i vi ddi sd'ng xa hdi bao ham vd sd linh vffc, khd cd the Iffdc dd hda hay Ihdng ke day dii dffdc.
Ciin lam rd vai lid ehuyen gia gidi Iheo mot hffdng licp can khic nffa, khdng di siu v i o cac linh vffc hoal ddng ma theo c i c nhan td ciia quan 1^, ciia phiil trien. DU khde bi^t ve nghe nghiep vd hogt dgng, song ede ehuyen gia diu ndi bat vai trd cua hg d cdr mat: de xudt chinh sdch, tU van V tudng chiS'n li((i(, phan bi$n cho chinh gidi, cdi edeh the che. du bdo xu hudng vd tinh hinh phdt trien...
Do dd, xay dffng dpi ngu chuyen gia gidi, c6 chien Iffdc dao tao, bdi dudng n h i n tii, phit Men v i sff dung nhan tii chuyen gia, ffpng dai v i ton vinh hien lii cd tam quan tipng d i e biet. Day li cdng viec chinh yeu cua viec cam quyen, trj nffdc, quan 1^ v i quan tri xa hdi. Nd phai dffdc d i l ra thffdng xuyen, c h i m lo chu d i o , nam d trung tam chii y va thffdng trffc trong chffdng trinh nghj sff cua Dang v i N h i nffdc.
Thieu hut. hang hut chuyen gia, cac the he chuyen gia d thdi diem p h i t trien bffdc ngoii hay d thdi ky chuyen tiep la nipt trd ngai Idn ddi vdi phit trien, tham chi cd the li mdi nguy Mem de dpa sff binh dn \ a ben vfltig ciia che dp.
(Con ti^p)
DINH CHfNH
Trong b^i vi§'t "Xdy d^ng dOi ngQ chuy§n gia vii sir dgng chuyen gia - Ky 1 " cua GS.TS Ho^ng Chf Bao (Tap chf Phdt triln Nhan li^c s6 3(24)2011, trang 23), do sal sot ky thuat, chu thfch s6 (2) cd ndi dung chffa diing nhff sau:
(2) L§ Quy Ddn (1726 - 1784) nhd vSn hda, sff gia thdi Hau L§, ong ndi: "Phi thuang bat phu, phi ndng bat on, phi tri bit
hUng, phi cdng bStt ho^t"....
Nay xin SL» l$i lit:
(2) L6 Quy D6n (1726 - 1784) nha van hda, sii gia thdi H§u Le, 6ng noi: "phi ndng bit 6n, phi cdng bid phij, phi thircing bit ho9t, phi trf bUt hung, "...
Tap chf xin tr^n trpng cao loi cCing tac gia vd b^in dpc.