Hgi nghi Khoa hgc ky niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Ngi 10'20!0
HE SINH PHlTC- MOT C H ! THI DlT BAO BAO
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BIOCOMPLEXITY AS INDICATOR OF THE TYPHOON ORIGIN Nguyen Xuan Man'". Dao Van Tuyet"*, L\r Quang Thuan*", Pham Thanh Binh'",
Vladimir F. Krapivin'^*, Ferdinand A. Mkrtehyan'^', V. Yu. Soldatov'^'.
(1) Vien Ca hoc va Tin hoc img dung, 291 - Dien Bien Phii F7 Q3, TP. Hd Chi Minh (2) Kotelnikov's Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics,
Russian Academy of Sciences Email: [email protected] Tdm tat:
Hi sinh phire dugc biit din nhu mot hiin tugng dugc sinh ra tir tuang tdc ddng lire hoc giua cdc thdnh phdn vdt ly, sinh hoc vd hda hoc ciia he sinh thdi.
Viec nghiin ciru cdc tiin trinh tirang tdc giira cdc thdnh phdn ndy ludn Id muc tiiu nhdm den nhdm dgt dugc su hieu biit, ddnh gid cdc hi qud ciia cdc tuang tdc dd.
Do tin cgy vd tinh chinh xdc cua cdc ddnh gid ndy phu thudc vdo cdc tieu chudn dugc tim thdy dua vdo cdc kit luan, cdc hd trg vd cdc kiin nghi di ra. Hiin nay, vdn chua cd mdt phuang phdp chudn ndo cho viec lua chon giira cdc tap cdc tiiu chudn trin bai vi vdn chua cd cdch tiip can ca sa khoa hoc ddi vai cdc chudn hda sinh thdi cua cdc chi thi chung tdc ddng din mdi trudng tu nhiin. Han nira, tinh chinh xdc ciia hiin tugng sinh thdi hoc phuc vu cho hogt ddng vd hogch dinh cdc hi chi thi chung vdn phu thudc vdo cdc tieu chudn dd ciing nhu Id ddu hiiu ddc trung ciia da lieu quan trdc vi thdng tin dia ly todn cdu.
Abstract:
Biocomplexity refers to phenomena that result from dynamic interactions between the physical, biological and chemical components of the ecosystem. The investigations of the processes of interaction between these components are, as a rule, targeted at understanding and estimating the consequences of such interactions. The reliability and precision of these estimations depend on criteria founded on conclusions, expertise and recommendations. At present, there is no unified methodology for selection between the set of criteria due to the absence of a common science-based approach to the ecological standardization of anthropogenic impacts on the natural environment. After all, the precision of the ecological expertise for the functioning and planning of anthropogenic systems, as well as the representativeness of the global geoinformation monitoring data, depend on these criteria.
Mdt quy trinh cd khdi nguyen tir mdi trudng la su ket hgp cac tuong tac giiia cac he con ciia nd. Mdi trudng nude la mot phan ciia mdi trudng va dugc chia thanh nhieu he con tach biet nhau chang han cac thanh phan sdng va thanh phan khdng sdng. Van de la can tim kiem cac phuang phap luan de md ta sir tuong tac qua lai giiia cac thanh phan khac nhau trong he sinh thai, de md phdng chac chan khuynh hudng ddng luc hoc trong he ddng lire hoc cua chinh nd. Tiec rang mot phan md hinh dap ling tinh chit hinh thanh md hinh quy trinh khi hau md dau cho tinh khdng dn djnh ciia md hinh dd. Vi thi, gia thilt cac thanh phin khi hau dugc thay the bang mot kjch ban mang khuynh hudng khi hau In djnh trong suit doan thdi gian nghien cuu.
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Tiiu ban: Khoa hgc cong nghe Biin ISBN: 978-604-913-015-1
Dat E lam ki hieu cho thang do he sinh phiic. Pham vi ciia nd dien ta tir trang thai ma moi tuong tac giira cac he eon deu bj pha yd den trang thai tiln hda tu nhien. Khi dd, ta cd mot ehi sd tich hgp. Chi sd tich hgp nay the hien cac trang thai mdi trudng bao gdm sir hien dien sinh hoc, sir da dang sinh hoc va kha nang tdn tai. Chi sd nay phan anh cac mirc do tuong tac trong cac he con. Trong thue te tiiy vao cac dieu kien cu the ma cac tuong tac dd thay ddi va biin dii. Thi du nhu dudi sir tuong tac sinh hoe giua vat tieu thu/ vat san xuat hay trong sir canh tranh ngudn nang lugng, ed sir tdn tai miic tdi tieu ve thiic an se lam giam tuong tac giiia cac thanh phin. Trong trudng hgp tdng quat, cac loai tuong tac vat ly, hda hgc... trong mdi trudng phu thudc vao cac tham sd tdi han cu the. Dong lire hoc mdi trudng dugc dieu chinh dua vao cac tham sl nay va nhiem vu chinh ciia chiing ta la md ta cac tham sd dd. He sinh phire phan anh tinh ddng lire hoc nay.
Tit ca cac dilu neu tren chung td ring he sinh phiie la mpt pham trii khd cd the do dugc va djnh lugng. Tuy nhien, d day chiing tdi cd dua ra mot chuan danh gia djnh lugng. De tiln hanh djnh lugng mirc sinh hda E, chiing tdi thira nhan cd cac lien he giira Hi < H2, Si >
E2 hay El = E2. Ndi each khac, ludn cd sir tin tai mot con sd vd hudng p dugc djnh nghia la miic sinh phire E ^ p = / ( E ) , vdi / la ham chuyen ddi nao dd bien he sinh phiic thanh mot con sd.
Ta se el ging tim kilm md hinh thich hgp de md ta hinh anh sinh phiic dua vao cac djnh nghia va cac ky hieu phii hgp vdi cac md ta hinh thiic va cac bien ddi cua nd. Nhu vay, ta chon m he con. Sir tuong quan giira cac he con dugc xac djnh bang ham ma tran nhj phan X
= 11 Xjj 11, va nd = 0 nlu cac he con Bj va Bj khdng tuong tac nhau; Xjj = 1 neu he con Bj va Bj
m in
tuong tac nhau. Do dd, vdi mot diem ^ G E dugc djnh nghia la mot tdng ^ = XIX! ^'J'
1=1 / > /
De tranh sir cac trudng hgp khdng rd rang, tdng nay dugc tang len lam cho thang do E phire tap hon; Thi du nhu he sd khdi lugng cho tat ca cac he eon. Ban chat ciia cac he sd nay phu thudc vao loai he eon. Cd ba loai he con ca ban dugc chon: he sdng, he khdng sdng va he thue vat. He sdng la mat do ciia nd va dugc xac dinh bang sd lugng phan tir hay sd gia trj sinh khdi tren mot don vj dien tich hay the tich. He thue vat dugc xae djnh bang mdt vimg hay mot phan viing bi chiem cii. He khdng sdng dugc xac djnh bang ndng do ciia nd tren mot don vj dien tich hay the tich ciia mdi trudng. Trong trudng hgp tdng quat, cac dac trung nao dd {^j}, tuong ling vdi miic do quan trong ciia he {Bj} va dugc phan chia cho cae he eon Bj (i = 1 ...m).
Va nhu the, ta dat dugc mot djnh nghia day dii hon de bien khai niem sinh phiic thanh thang do E thdng qua chi sd
nt m • •
Trong dd 4 = ^((p,X,,t), vdi cp va X la kinh do va vT do dja ly va t la thdi gian. Vdi mdi viing Q, chi sd sinh phiic dugc djnh nghia nhu gia trj trung binh:
^o(t) = (l/a) I ^((p,M) dep dX,
Vdi a la dien tich cua Q.
Do dd, chi sd 4o(t) la mdt dac tinh sinh phiic mdi trudng tich hgp phan anh tinh ca nhan ciia timg cau triic tai moi thdi dilm t trong khdng gian Q. Dua theo thuyet tien hda, mot don vj ^n(t) giam (hay tang) ling vdi mot don vj tang (hay giam) cua he sinh phiic va su tin tai ciia cac he tu nhien. Vi khi he sinh phiic giam se lam xao trdn chu ki dja sinh hoc va dan den viec giam ling suit tren cac ngudn khdng tai tao dugc, do dd cau true nhj phan ciia ma
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Hgi nghi Khoa hgc ky niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Ngi 10/2010
tran X thay ddi theo hudng tang cudng cai tien ngudn tai nguyen. Vector cua sir trao ddi nang lugng giira cac he eon chuyen sang mirc lam giam kha nang tdn tai ciia he sinh thai.
Cae loai phieu sinh sdng d bien hay dai duong cd the xem la mot he sinh phire sinh thai. Trong trudng hgp dd tim ngudn gdc cac con bao, cac chi sd sinh phiic phu thudc vao ddng lire hoe he sinh thai d ludng xoay nude hudng len. Ludng xoay hudng len d vimg nude sau trong cac dai duong tren the gidi thudng giai phdng nhieu chat cd ham lugng cao. Ludng xoay hudng len sinh ra cac tir ldp nude be mat di chuyen sinh ra tir gid d vimg ven bd, cae ddng chay khuyeeh tan hay ldp nude bj co riit lai d them luc dja hay vdi nhieu ly do. Tdc do trugt nude va tinh dn djnh eiia cac ludng xoay hudng len dugc xac djnh bang cac tham sd tdng quat. Hau het gia trj dac trung cho van tdc thang dung ciia sir trugt nude trong ludng xoay hudng len la 0.77. 10-3 cm/s. Do sau ma sir chuyen ddng ciia ddng nude bat dau thay ddi trong vdng 200m.
Khao sat he sinh thai dai duong trong vimg ludng xoay hudng len, bat dau tu cae khai niem eiia sir phat trien tang dan cua mot cdng ddng tir khoanh khac hinh thanh nd trong trang thai chenh lech muc nude den trang thai trd thanh vimg it chat dinh dudng. Chung ta xay dimg md hinh ciia he sinh thai ludng xoay hudng len. Trong hai trang thai nay, he thdng se chuyen ddi theo thdi gian va tuong img vdi sir di chuyen vdi ddng nude. Trong trudng hgp thay ddi ca ngudn cung cap nang lugng toan phan trong he thdng va cau true ben trong ciia nd (nhu khdng gian, ddng nhat va rieng biet). Cac thdi diem thay ddi ca ban dugc nghien cim nhieu trong cac nghien cim tdng quat. Do dd, viec dap ung cho tinh toan md hinh de hinh thanh cac khai niem la mot trong cac tieu chuan ddi hdi cua mot md hinh day dii.
Gia sir he sinh thai tir vimg ludng xoay hudng len phan tan theo chieu ngang mot each ddng nhat, khi dd ta cd the quan sat sir thay ddi ca d do sau z vdi miic nhay Az = 10m lan trong thdi gian vdi budc nhay la At = 1 ngay. Van tdc theo hudng ngang ciia ddng nude d vimg ludng xoay hudng len dugc gia djnh la khdng ddi va bang V = V^p = Vx, cho nen khoang each ciia mot don vi the tich nude d viing ludng dugc xac djnh bang: Ar = (Acp + A'k^)=V.At.
Trang thai ciia he sinh thai tren mdi true *200 -f ngang z = hang sd dugc xac djnh bang miic ^^^
phan xa E(z,t), ndng do cua cac phan tir chat dinh dudng n(z,t) va cae chat miin d(z,t), va cac sinh khdi eiia phieu sinh vat p(z,t), vi khuan b(z,t), ddng vat nguyen sinh Zi(z,t), phieu sinh vat cue nhd Z2(z,t), loai filtraters loai nhd Z3(z,t), loai filtraters loai ldn Z4(z,t), loai cyclopoids an tap kich thudc nhd Z5(z,t), loai Calamoids an tap Z6(z,t), loai Chaetognaths an tap va Polychaete an tap kich thudc ldn Z7(z,t).
Loai ddng vat nguyen sinh bao gdm gidng Mao triing infusorian, loai Mao triing radiolarian va phieu sinh vat cue nhd bao gdm loai naupliuses d dang than giap. Dua vao cac nghien ciiu ve thiic an cho cac loai ddng vat an phieu sinh dinh dudng, cac loai an filter nhd (cd kich thudc <
1mm) bao gdm cae sinh vat an phieu sinh nhu loai Oikopleura, Chlausocalanus than giap, Paraealanus, Acartia, Lucicutia, va loai Conchoecia than giap bo vd. Cac loai an filter dang ldn bao gom cac loai than giap cd ldn cd kich thudc ldn hon 1 mm, nhu la loai Undinula,
3000- 2400
Hinh I; Suphu thudc theo thai gian cua sinh khdi tdng thi ciia lodi sdng a hi sinh thdi iron,
lap nuac tir 0-200 m (theo tai lieu [2]).
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Tieu ban: Khoa hgc cong nghe Bien ISBN: 978-604-913-015-1
Pleuromamma, Centropages, Temora, Scolecythrix, va cae loai khac, loai euphasiids nhd, loai pteropod nhd, .... Trong thap tam giac dinh duong, sir anh hudng ciia cae phin tir phieu sinli dugc xem nhu la khdng dang ke.
Md hinh toan hoc ciia he sinh thai trong ludng xoay hudng len dugc Kndratyev va cac ddng sir (2006) de cap den. Viec dd tim cac khdi ngudn con bao cd thi dugc nhan ra bing cac each thirc quy trinh nhu sau. Cac chi sd sinh phiic dugc xac dinh cho mdi diem pixel bang viec rdi rae theo khdng gian cac loai sdng trong ldp nude dai duong. Sir thay doi chi sd sinh phire img vdi cac dang mdi ciia ludng nude hudng len xem nhu la cac diu hieu bao mot con bao bat dau hinh thanh, hinh 1 cho thay cac ddng lire hoc dien hinh cua cac sinh khdi he sinh thai.
Cac ket qua cho d hinh 1 khdng mau thuan vdi cac ki hieu quy udc trudc dd ve cau tnic va trang thai cua he sinh thai dai duang cd cac ludng xoay nude hudng len. Nhung khdng the ddi hdi mot md hinh trj sd tuong ling giiia cac ket qua cd tir md hinh va trang thai thue cua he sinh thai. Chiing ta cd the khao sat cac tinh chat chung nhat chang han nhu tinh In djnh ciia he sinh thai trong ngii canh nhu vay.
He sinh thai dugc gia djnh la dn dinh tren phan doan thdi gian (0,T^ neu nhu cac bien trang thai ciia nd (la cac bien Bj, i = l,n) cd nim ben trong phan doan: B,, ^m < Bj < Bi,max (i = l,n).
Thvrc te, ve phai cua dieu kien nay la khdng cin thiet. Cu the la, khi chi sir dung mot thanh phin he sinh thai Bj^oo, va cac thanh phin khac ludn tdn tai vdi Bj->0, nhu cac sd lieu cho d hinh 2. Do dd, dieu kien dn dinh cho he sinh thai dai duong cd ludng xoay hudng len cd thi
n
dugc viet dudi dang: 5^,„ < J ] ^ , , vdi Bn,in la
;=1
Hinh 2; Sa do cua cdc he tuang tdc dinh duang giira cdc cdu thdnh he sinh thdi cdc ludng nuac hucmg len. Cdc gid tri cua cdc hi sd Cij dugc cho tren cdc ddu miii ten
(theo tai lieu [1]).
gia trj tii tiiu ting thi cua sinh khdi he sinh thai (Dac biet, Bmin = Bi,n,in + • • •+ Bn.min)-
Jieu chuan nay dugc su dung dk danh gia tinh on dinh cua md hinh khi thay ddi cac tham sd khac nhau. Theo kit qua dd, chung ta bilt dugc sir tich luy thirc an (u"') cd ± 20%
dan den su thay ddi ciia Z3+Z4 la 48% va cua Z2 la 70%). Sir thay ddi cac he so hd hip tz khdng ldn. Sir thay ddi dd ciing dung vdi tdc do luy tiln nang lugng T va lugng thirc an khdng \uy tien H tao nen sir thay ddi tuang duong trong phan bd theo chilu dimg cua cac thanh phan phieu sirih vat. Cac sinh vat phii du cd nhd va ddng vat an thue vat rit nhay cam vdi cac thay ddi d biin T va H han la cac loai an tap.
1.
TAX LIEU THAM KHAO
Kondratyev K.Ya., Krapivin V.F., and Varotsos CA. 2006. Natural Disasters as Interactive Components of Global Ecodynamics. Springer/Praxis, Chichester, 580 pp.
V.F.Krapivin, F.A.Mkrtchyan, V.Yu. Soldatov, Nguyen Xuan Man. Biocomplexity as indicator of vthe typhoon origin. Proceedings d the international symposium engineering ecology. Moscow, 8-9 December, 2009. Vol. V, p.26-31.
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