DINH DU'ONG VA THL/C AN CHAN NUOI
A N H Hi/ONG CUA B O S U N G P H U P H A M CHE XANH PE^^TJ
LE P H A N GIAI CAC CHAT DINH DU'ONG CUA KHAU PHAJN
TRONG MOI TRU'O'NG DA CO ^
Le Tuiin An', Tran Hief, Le Dinh Phimg' vd Chu Manh w " r N g a y n h a n bai b a o 02/03/2020 - N g a y n h a n bai p h a n bien: 25/03/2020
N g a y bai b a o d u g c chap n h a n d a n g : 27/03/2020
T O M TAT , Ngtuen cmi n h a m d a n h gia anh h u o n g ciia viec bo sung tanin t u phii p h a m che xa ^ ^ ^
n a n g sinh khi, mat do nang luong va ty' le tieu hoa cac chat dinh d u d n g ciia khau P ^ ^ . ^ 5 ! , ^gj^„
Hai thi nghiem da d u o c tieh hanh- (1) Thi nghiem in vitro gas production de danh gia " ^ ^ ^ .°
sinh khi, gia tri n a n g luong ME va t>' le heu hoa chat h u u ca (OMD) khau phan; (2) Th^ " S ^^^^
sacco tren bo 2 bo d u e Lai Sind t r u o n g thanh (200 kg/con), bo dupc mo 16 do da co va da c de xac dinh ty le p h a n giai cac chat dinh d u o n g cua khau p h a n thi nghiem. Ket qua cho thay p . p h a m che xanh co the la loai thuc an bo sung co gm m dinh d u o n g tot cho bo- Che co gia tn M t va CP cao, xo NDF thap (lan luot la: 2816 kcal/kg VCK, 22,9% VCK; 32,5% VCK), dac biet "J^ co h a m luong tanin cao (25,22% VCK). Trong thi nghiem in vitro gas production, bo sung m u c U,^ /o tanm trong khau p h a n khong lam giam gia h-i nang luong va d le heu hoa m vitro chat h u u co Trong thi nghiem in sacco, anh h u o n g khong ro ret a i a bo sung tanm hi phu p h a m che xanh a m u c 0,3 va 0,5% deii ty le p h a n giai cac chat dinh duong, hiy nhien m u c giam ro ret ty le p h a n giai m sacco khi tang len 0,7% tanin Dieu nay co y nghia quan h-png trong viec bao ve protein thoat qua da co. Do do, can hen h a n h thu nghiem nuoi duong h-en gia sue khi cho an khau p h a n co bo s u n g m u c 0,5%
tanin tii p h u p h a m che xanh de hep hic danh gia ty Ie heu hoa m vivo, n a n g suat va hieu qua chan nuoi, iiieu qua moi truong.
Titkhoa: Pliu pham che xanli, tanin. iiem nang sinh khi. phan gm in sacco da co.
ABSTRACT
Effect of tea by-product supplement on dietary nutrient degradation i n r u m e n environment
The study aimed to evaluate effects of tannin supplemented from tea by-products (Camellia sinensis) on gas produchon, ME concentration and nutrient in sacco digestibility of cattle diets Two experiments were carried out. (1) hi vitro gas produchon experiment for evaluating gas production, estimated ME value and in vitro dietary OM digestibility, (2) In sacco experiment on two cannulated Laisind bull {200 kg) for determination dietary nutrients digestibility Results showed that tea by- products could be a good supplement feed for cattle due to its high ME concentration, high CP content and low NDF content (2,816 kcal/kgDM, 22.9%DM, 32 5%DM, respechveiy), especially, tea by-products were high m tannin content (25 22%DM). In the in vitro gas p r o d u c h o n experiment, the tea by-product supplement tended to increase ME value and m vitro O M digestibility In the in sacco experiment, there was a slight effect of tea by-products on nutrient digeshbihty at 0.3 a n d 0.5% tannins supplement, but the at higher level of supplement (0.7% tanmns), the digestibility w a s significantly reduced. This could be very significant in ruminant n u t r i h o n in terms of protecting feed protein in rumen environment (by-pass protein). As a consequence, it is needed to carry out an III 'oivo experiment to test digeshbihty, animal performance and environmental efficiency
Keywords: Tea by-products, tannin supplement, gas production, in sacco degradation.
' TT KHNC&MT Lien mmh HTX Viet Nam ' H o c vien N o n g n g h i e p Viet n a m -' T r u o n g Dai hoc N o n g L a m Hue', Dai hoc H u e
* Vien C h a n n u o i
' Tac gia lien h e TS Tran H i e p , Khoa C h a n nuoi Email tranhiepiS^vnua e d u \-n
H o c vien N o n g nghiSp Viet N a m D T 0915 094 819,
KHKT Chdn nuoi so 256 - thdng 4 ndm 2020
DINH DU'ONG VA THU'C A N CHAN NUOI
LDATVANOE
Theo dinh huong Chien luge phat trien chan nuoi giai doan 2020-2030, tam niiin 2040 CLia Bo Nong nghiep va Phat trien nong thon thi so' lugng dan bo, de, cim ciia nuoc ta se tang manh. Tuy nhien, su gia tang so lugng va chat Iugng nguon thiic an khong tuong xung vai toe dp tang dan gia sue nhai lai. De nang cao cha't luong nguon thuc an cung nhu nang sua't, hieu qua chan nuoi bo thi cai thien nguon protein thuc an la vo cung quan trgng. Protein trong thuc an an vao trong da co se bi khu he vi sinh vat len men thanh cac axxt amin va cuoi dmg thanh amoniac - nguon nita chinh cho vi sinh vat six dung de sinh tong hgp protein vi sinh vat. Day la nguon protein quan trgng cung cap cho con vat khi thuc an dugc chuyen xuorig da miai khe' va rupt non. Van de dat ra la lam sao tranh duoc su len men ciia vi sinh vat trong da co do'i voi cac protein thuc de cung cap cho nhu cau cao cua bo dac biet la bo cao san. Nhieu bien phap lam tang ty le protein thoat qua cua cac loai thiic an da duoc nghien cihi nhu xu ly nhiet, hoa chat, tao lap vo bgc, sir dung cha't beo, bo sung tannin...
Mot trong nhirng huong nghien cuu dang duoc quan tam hien nay la bo sung cac chat chiet CO nguon goc thuc vat, vua co tac dung giam thieu lugng khi phat thai trong da co, vua dam bao sue khoe cho con vat va con nguoi. Nhu chung ta da bie't, cay che (Camellia sinensis) la mgt loai cay cong nghiep duoc trong pho bieh 6 Viet Nam. Than va la cay che khong nhiing co ham luong protein tho cao (24% VCK) ma con giau cac hgp chat thuc vat thii cap nhu tanin (17,6% VCK) va saponin (27,6% VCK) (Ramdani va ctv, 2013). Mgt so nghien ciiu in vitro da chi ra rang tanin trong mpt so loai la co tac dung lie che hoat dgng cua cae nhom vi khuan sinh khi metan, lie che' hoat dgng cua protozoa, co the boc protein
"thoat qua" su len men ciia moi truang da co {Santoso va ctv, 2013; Pham Quang Nggc va ctv, 2014; Suharti va ctv, 2019). Nghien cuu nay tap trung danh gia anh huong a i a viec bo sung tanin til' phu pham che xanh de'n kha
nang sinh khi va to'c do phan giai in sacco cae eha't dinh duong trong khau phan an nuoi pho bie'n cho bo.
2. VAT UEU VA PHVaNG PHAP NGHI£N ClirU 2.1, Dia diem va thoi gian
De tai thuc hien tu 1/2018-8/2018 tai Trung tam Nghien ciiu va phat trien chan nuoi mien nui, xa Binh San, thanh pho Song Cong, tinh Thai Nguyen va Trung tam Khoa hgc Cong nghe va Moi truang, Giang Vo, Do'ng Da, Ha Ngi.
2.2. Vat lieu va phuang phap thi nghiem 2.2.1. Thinghiem in vitro gas production
Tlnel ke'thi nghiem: Thi nghiem (TN) dupc thie't ke' theo phuong phap ngau nhien hoan toan (CRD) voi ba lan lap Iai a moi khau phan.
Cac khau phan thi nghiem gom thiic an ca so dugc tron voi hot che xanh hoac tanin tinh khie't (Bang 1). Ty le tanin tong so bo sung tir bot che xanh la 0; 0,3; 0,5; 0,7% tuong iing cac nghiem thiic TO (DC-), T0,3; T0,5 va 70,7. Nhom khau phan do'i chiing {+) (TK0,5) la miic bo sung 0,5% tanin tu nguon tanin tinh khie't.
Khau phan thi nghiem: Khau phan co so duoc phoi trpn theo ty le: Cay ngo \i chua (30%); CO h^' nhien (10%); hot ngo: (15%); ba san (10%); TAHH (35%) Khau phan co so dugc sa'y kho o 65"C va nghien nho qua mat sang 1mm. Lugng bpt che xanh (VCK) dupc trpn vol khau phan phan co so dua tren tinh toan lugng tanin bo sung theo tiing nghiem thiic tuong ling muc tanin: 0; 0,3; 0,5; 0,7%.
Khau phan TN dugc sir dung dua tren nguon thiic an tai dja diem nghien ciiu. Bot phu pham la che (Camellia sinensis) thu thap hi eac CO so che bieh che tai Thai Nguyen, dugc tron ky vgi TAHH theo ty le dua tren lugng tanm can bo sung cho timg nghiem thiic trong thi nghiem. Cay ngo chin sap dugc li voi 0,5%
muoi va bao quan trong thai gian 60-90 ngay truoc sii dung trong nghien ciiu. Thiic an bpt ngo, ba sin dugc thu thap tai co so chan nuoi.
Thanh phan hoa hpc va gia tri dinh duong cac nguyen lieu dimg trong thi nghiem trinh bay trong Bang 2.
KHKT Chdn nuoi so 256 - thdng 4 ndm 2020
DINH DU'ONG VA THlTC A> I A N N ^ ^
Bang 1. T h i e t k e thi n g h i e m Khau phan
Khau phan co so Tanin bo sung
(Cay ngo li chua: 30%; Co ty nhien: 10%; Bot ngo 15%; E 0% 0,3% 0,5% 0,7%
Ghl chu: TO (DC-): Khau phan do! chung (DC -); T0.3: Kiia'u phan bo sung 0,3% tanm tu phu pham che( -^
T0.5. Klidu phan bdsiing 0,5% tanin tuphu pham che (% VCK); TO 7- Khdu phan bdsung 0.7% tanin tup y che (% VCK); TK0.5 (DC+): Klia'u phan bo'sung 0,5% tu tanm tmh khiet (DC +J
Bang 2. T h a n h p h a n h o a hpc cua thiic a n thi n g h i e n i
T h u c a n C o t u n h i e n C a y n g o u c h u a B a s a n Bot n g o T h i i c a n h o n h o p P h u p h a m c h e x a n h T a n i n t i n h k h i e i
V C K
(%)
25,68 28,12 23,18 90,28 90,81 90,67
C P 11,20 8,61 3,63 10,41 18,50 22,88
N D F 65,36 65,77 62,22 35,99 56,52 32,45
A D F 33,18 38,12 39,12 10,88 12,86 21,13
T i n h I h e o "
C F 2 « I 2 35 39 8,78 2,72 9,28 18,33
EE
^ / ' o
i n : 4,93 1,62 2,08
oVCK A s h 7,60
^bl
1 • • . -
I,5i 9,86 6,36
T a n i n l o n g s o
25,22 90 Ghi chir VCK: clmt kho; CP: Protem tho; NDF. xo fan trong moi trudng trung tinh; ADF: xa tan trong moi trudng axit; Ash- khoang tdng so. NS: khong phan tich.
Tie'n hdnh thi nghiem: Cac m a u thiic a n n g h i e n c u u ( m a u trpn h o n h g p tren) d u p c d a t t r o n g xilanh thiiy tinh c h u y e n d i m g t i e h h a n h t h e o q u y trinh a i a M e n k e a n d Steingass (1988) n h u sau: 200mg chat k h o m a u d u g c c a n va d a t t r o n g x i l a n h cd d u n g tich 100ml (moi m a u d u g c l a p Iai 3 lan) va dugc n a p lai b a n g p i t - t o n g t u o n g i i n g m o i xilanh. D u n g d i c h d e m d u g c c h u a n bi t h e o M e n k e va S t e m g a s s (1988) va d u p c d a t t r o n g b o n o n n h i e t o 39°C va thoi C O , d e h khi c h u y e n d a n tir m a u x a n h s a n g h o n g roi k h o n g m a u . Dich d a co d u p c lay ttr 2 b o d u e LS m o 16 d o . Bo d u p c n u o i c h a n tha va bo s u n g eo Voi tai c h u o n g . D i c h d a CO d u p c lay v a o b u o i s a n g t r u o c k h i c h o a n va d u g c lpc q u a b a l o p v a i lpc va d u g c t r p n v o i d u n g dich d e m t h e o t y Ie v e t h e tich 1:2 giiia d i c h d a eo: d u n g d i c h d e m . C a c q u a t r i n h t r o n d u g c tieh h a n h t r o n g d i e u k i e n y e i n k h i b a n g t h o i C O , . C a c x i l a n h d u g c l a m a m 6 3 9 ° C t r u o c k h i b a m 3 0 m l d u n g d i c h d i c h d a co v a d e m v a o m o i x i l a n h chiia m a u d a d u g c d a n h s o k y h i e u t r u o c , s a u do e h u n g d u g c d a t t r o n g b o n o n n h i e t a n h i e t d o 39°C. Sau k h i b u o c c h a t p h a n o n g cao s u tai d a u m o i x i l a n h , cac x i l a n h d u g c n h e n h a n g ]Ac n h e t r o n d e u m S u
v a i d u n g d i c h , s a u d o cac o'ng c a o s u 6 d a u c u a m o i x i l a n h d u g c m o ra, v a n h e n h a n g d a y n h e p i t - t o n g d e d a y he't p h a n k h i t r o n g o n g ra n g o a i , t r u o c k h i b u g c lai cac o n g cao su nay.
Sau d o , t h e h c h d u n g d i c h t r o n g m o i o n g d u g c g h i lai. C a c x i l a n h d u o c d a t t h a n g d i i n g va giii' 6 n h i e t d p 3 9 ° C . C a c x i l a n h d u g c lac d e u 30 p h i i t s a u k h i ii v a m o i h e h g t r o n g k h o a n g 10 g i o d a u li. L u p n g k h i s i n h ra k h i l e n m e n in vitro d u p c x a c d i n h v a g h i c h e p tai 3 , 6 , 1 2 , 24, 48, 72 v a 96 g i d l u u m a u . T o n g s o ' k h i s i n h ra tai cac t h o i d i e m d u g c h i e u c h i n h d u a tren c o s o k h i s i n h ra ciia x i l a n h t r S n g ( k h o n g co m a u chi chiia d i c h d a c o - d u n g d i c h d e m ) .
D a c d i e m s i n h k h i ciia cac m a n thiic a n n g h i e n c i i u d u o c xii ly t h e o p h u o n g t r i n h ciia P = a + b(l-e"") ( 0 r s k o v va M c D o n a l d , 1980), Trong do, P: gid tri lugng khi sinh ra tgi thdi diem t;
a: lugng klti ban ddu; b: lugng khi sinh ra trong qud trinh len men; (a+b) tiem ndng sinh klu, c hdng so to'c do khi sinh ra. P h a n m e m Ne\%-a\ tren Excel (Chen, 1997) d u g c sir d u n g d e tin;- uian
Phuang phdp tinh ty le tieu hor, . !i_-^f ^^j-, (OMD), gid tri ndng lugng ME r </ lu'o,^^ ^,^-^
beo mach ngan cua khau phan (SCh ,; L ^ n n e k h i s i n h ra tai t h a i d i e m 24 g i o u -r-j^ ^.^ , „?
KHKT Chdn nuoi so 256 - thdng .,• m'nn '
DINH D 0 O N G VA THU'C AN CHAN NUOI
qua phan tich thanh phan hoa hgc ciia thiic an dugc sii dung de uoc tinh gia tri nang lugng trao doi (ME) va ty le tieu hoa chat hiiu co (OMD^J: OMD,^^, (%) = 14,88 + 0,889 x GP,^
+ 0,45'xCP (Menke va ctv, 1979); ME (MJ/kg VCK)= 3,78 - 0,0614GP^^+ 0,168CF + 0,789EE + 0,227 Ash (R= - 0,819) (Dinh Van Muoi, 2011) va SCFA (mmol/200gVCK) = 0,0239^ GP^^
-0,0601 (Getachew va ctv, 1998). Trong do:
GP-, la the tich khi trong xi lanh chiia mau tai thoi diem 24 gia sau li; CP (%) la ty le protein tho, EE la ma tho, Ash la khoang tong so.
2.2.2. Thinghiem tieu hda in sacco Thiet ke'thi nghiem vd khdu phan thi nghiem:
Thi nghiem dupc thie't ke' theo phuong phap ngau nhien hoan toan (CRD) voi ba lan lap lai o moi khau phan. Cac khau phan thi nghiem gom khau phan eg so dupc trpn vol bot che xanh hoac tanin tinh khie't (Bang 1). Ty le tanin bo sung hi bpt che xanh la 0, 0,3; 0,5; 0,7%
tuong ling cac nghiem thiic TO (DC-), T0,3, T0,5 va T0,7 Nhom khau phan doi chung (+) (TK0,5) la miic 0,5% tanin tii nguon tanm tmh khie't. Thiic an co so dupc chuan bi nhu trong nghien ciiu in vitro gas production.
Tieii hdnh thi nghiem: Thi nghiem dugc thuc hien tren 2 bo due Lai Smd truang thanh, mo 16 do da co, dat canula, kho'i luong trung binh 200 kg/con. Bo dugc nu6i nh6't ca the va cho an bang khau phan an co so miic duy tri CO voi an tu do va 1 kg thirc an h6n hgp. Thgi gian nuoi thich nghi 10 ngay thai gian nu6i TN 4 ngay de dat mau va la'y mau. Cach cho an: thiic an h6n hpp chia deu va cho an lam 2 lan vao 8 gio sang va 4 gio chieu. Sau giai doan nuoi chuan bi 10 ngay de lam quen vai thiic an va on dinh lugng an vao, tie'n hanh dat mau TN vao da co ciia bo TN.
Thii tuc dupc Hen hanh theo phuong phap aia Orskov va ctv (1980). Can 5g mau thiie an trong moi khau phan dat trong tiii nylon, toe dp phan giai VCK ciia co chat dugc xac dinh qua eac thoi diem 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 gio luu mau. Tai moi thoi diem lay, mau dupc lay ra va dat ngay trong nuoc da lanh de dimg qua trinh boat dong VSV va nia mang thiic an ben
ngoai bam vao tiii. Toan bg mau dugc nia duoi voi nuoc chay de'n khi nuoc trong. Sau do tiii mau duoc dem sa'y kho de'n khoi lucmg kh6ng doi (65°C). Khoi lugng hii va mau dupc can va ghl chep. T6'c dp phan giai thiic an dupc tinh toan theo lupng VCK mau ma't di sau thai gian hru mau, theo phuong trinh ciia Orskov va McDonald (1979): p = a+b(l-e-"). Dgng thai phan giai duge m6 ta: a = ty le nia troi; tiem nang phan giai b - (a+b)-a; c - to'c do phan giai.
2.3. Xac dinh thanh phan hoa hoc cua thiic an Chat kha (DM), protein th6 (CP), ma tho (EE), xo tho (CF) va khoang tong so' (Ash) ciia thiic an dugc xac dinh theo tieu chuan tucmg ling TCVN 4326-86, TCVN 4328-86, TCVN 4331-2001, TCVN 4329-86 va TCVN 4327-86, NDF, ADF dugc xac dinh theo phuong phap ciia Goering va Van Soest (1970). Tanin t6ng so (ToVCK) dugc phan tich theo phuong phap ciia AOAC (2000).
2.4. Xii ly so lieu
S6' lieu duoc xir ly tho tren bang tinh Excel va phan mem NEWAY, sau do duoc tieh hanh xii ly thong ke tren phan mem SAS. So lieu dugc phan tich theo mo hinh tuyen tinh don (General Linear Models - GLM) ciia phan mem SAS (1998). M6 hinh phan tich thong ke nhu sau' Y^ = [i + T^ + £^ Trong do. (Y) Id quan sdt tir khau phan, (i) la su Idp Iqi, (fi) Id tong gid tri trung binh, (T) Id gid trj trung binh cua tieng khau phan, (t^) la sai songdu nhien.
3 . KET QUAVA THAO LUAN
3.1. Thanh phan dinh duong ciia khau phan thi nghiem
Ket qua phan tich thanh phan hoa hpc cua cac khau phan TN dugc trinh bay tai Bang 3.
Bang 3. Thanh phan hoa hgc ciia cac khau phan Khau phan VCK Tinh theo %VCK
(%) CP NDF ADF CF EE Ash TO (DC-) 41,00 12,10 57,67 24,80 18,06 2.29 7,21 T0.3 41,26 12,23 57,37 24,76 18,07 2,29 7,20 TO 5 41,44 12,31 57,18 24,73 18,07 2,29 7,19 T0.7 41,61 12,39 56,99 24,70 18,07 2,29 7,19 TK0.5 (DC+) 41,12 12,04 57,38 24,68 17,97 2,28 7,18
KHKT Chdn nuoi so 256 - thdng 4 ndm 2020 29
DINH DU'ONG VA THU'C AN c H A N J i i ^
Bang 3 cho thay, gia tri chat kho giiia cac khau phan la tuong duong, dao dong tir 41,0% - 41,6%. Tuy nhien, ham luong protem tho (CP) dao dong 12,0-12,4%,, tha'p nhat a khau phan TK0,5 khi duoc trpn voi tanin tinh klriet. So voi khau phan doi chirng (DC-), ham lugng CP xu huong tang cimg voi mijc tang tamn bo sung ttr bot phu pham che xanh. Tuy nhien khong co su sai khac ham luong CP giira 2 nhom doi chung (+) va (-) khi mot phan VCK tir khau phan TO thay thtj' bjng lu'ong tarrin tinh khie't.
3.2. Ket qua thi nghiem in vitro gas production 3.2.1. Khd nang sinh Iciti khi len men cua lihati phan thtnghietn
Luong khi sinh ra tang dan theo thor
gran ir man, a moi nghiem thuc nu o ^ ^ ^ thi hrong khi sinh ra ciing khic ' ^ ^ " " y ^ g j , , khi sinh ra tang manh tai grat * ' " .^ ^~f.
sau do 48-96h luong kh. srnh ra gram qua phii hop vor cong bo cua P''''™ ^ ? Ngoc va ctv (2014) khi nghien ciin dong that len men cua nhom thric an giir; tanm Theo Cone va Van Gelder (2000) thi toe do smh kta in mhv gas production tlruong hian theo mot qm luat Chung la qui trinh lln men m vttro dita ra theo ba giai doan. giai doan dau hen, khi duoc tao thanh do len men phan hoa tan;
6 giai doan hai, klii duoc sinli ra do len men phan Wrong hoi tan; o giai doan ba, khi duoc sinh ra do phan huy quan the vi sinh vat trong moi tiu'ong thr nghiem.
Bang 4. Lircmg khi tich liiy khi Ien men ciia cac khau phan (ml)
T h o i g i a n (gia) 3
6 9 12 24 48 72 96
TO (DC-) 4,33--' 7,83=
12,00-^
19,67'' 36,67"
49,67^
53,33-' 57,33=
T0.3 3.92=^
6,481^
10,46'' 17,53^
32,07^- 43,51'' 47,39'^
50,45'' T0.5 3,62'- 6,33"^
10,04"'^
le.W' 30,73'"- 42,25^
45,10"
47,821"
T0.7 3,25'' 5,50"^^
8,50' 14,41'' 27,57=
38,13"
40,59"
43,17^^
TK0.5 (DC+) 3,55"
6,22"=
9,86"=
15,81"
30,18"=
41,50"
44,30"
46,96"^
S E M
0,44 0,69 1,05 2,17 2,98 3,19 3,40
P 0,042 0,035 0,032 0,022 0,020 0,026 0,019
Ghl chii • Cdc gid tri trung hhih trong cimg hang vdi cdc chd cdi khde nhau Id khde nhau co y nghia thd'ng ke (P<0,05).
Ke't qua cho tha'y tai cac thoi diem luu mau, CO su sai khac ro ret ve lupng khi sinh ra giii'a cac nghiem thuc co bo sung tanm va khong bo sung tanin (TO). Tai thoi diein 24 gio luu mau, tang luong bo sung tanin tir hot che xanh tir 0,3 len 0,5% khong lam anh huong deh lupng khi tich My {P>0,05), nhung lam giam ro ret khi tang len muc 0,7% tanin. O cimg muc bo sung 0,5%, co xu huong giam 6 nghiem thiic bo sung tanin tinh khie't so voi voi bo sung tanin tu bpt che xanh. Lugng khi sinh ra trong dieu kien in vitro phu thugc vao dac tinh ciia tanin, nhu loai tannin (condensed hay ellagitannins hay gallotannins), dp hoa tan ciia tanin (Pellikaan va ctv, 2011), ham luong protein tho ciia Idiau phan va su tuong tac thanh phan khac dinh duong khac (Njidda va NasJru, 2010), hoac anh huong aia tanin la CO dieu kien va phu thugc vao thanli phan cua chung (Goel va Makkar, 2012). Ket qua phan
tich gia tn dinh duong trong nghien cuu nay cho tha'y thiic an bo sung bpt phu pham che xanh CO the la loai thiic an bo sung co gia tri dinh duong tot cho bo: Che co gia tri ME (2816 kcal/kg VCK) va CP cao (22,9% VCK) va xo NDF tha'p (32,5% VCK) va ham lugng tanin tong so cao (25,22% VCK) (Bang 2). Viec bo sung 0,5% tannin tii' hot phu pham che xanh kliong cai thien tiem nang sinh khi in vitro khi so sanh voi bo sung 6 cimg mii'c tu nguon tanm tinh khie't.
3.2.2. Gid tri ndng lugng va ti le tieu hda in vitro cua khau phan thi nghiem
Kha nang cung cap nang luong cua mot loai khau phan thiic an la chuc nang rat quan trpng de xac dinh gia tri lam thuc an cua thiic an do. Ket qua uoc tinh gia tri ME,. SCFA va OMD ciia cac khau phan thi ngliiem dugc trinli bay 6 Bang 5.
30 KHKT Chdn nuoi so 256 - thdng V ndm 20 70
DINH DU'ONG VA THU'C AN CHAN NUOI
Chi tieu ME, Mj/kgDM SCFA, mmol/200gD!v
Bang
1
5. T y le t i e u hoa va TO (DC-) T0.3
8,47' 8,32"- 0,91' 0,89'"' 56,8^ 55,86^
gia tri n a n g l u p n g ciia cac k h a u p h a n T0.5 T0.7 T K 0 . 5 ( D C + ) SEM 8,28'*' 7,88" 8,10'" 0,28 0,88-" 0,82" 0,84'" 0,03 55,56^" 53,06'' 55,24-* 1,26
P 0,016 0,048 0,021 Ghi chii: SCFA: axit beo bay hoi mach ngdn; OMD^^^: ty le fieu hoa in vitro chat hiru ca.
Nhin chimg, cac gia tri ME, SCFA va OMD ciia khau phan thi nghiem co xu huong giam khi dugc bo sung tamn. Cac gia tri nay giam ro ret khi tang mii'c tanin nen 0,7%. Kh6ng co su sai khac giiia miic bo sung 0,3 va 0,5%>. Cac gia tri nay co xu huong giam 6 khau phan bo sung 0,5% tanin tinh khie't so voi bo sung tanin 6 cimg miic tir hot che xanh. Bang 5 cung cho tha'y gia tiri ME, SCFA va OMD thap nhat khi dugc bo sung tanin g miic 0,7% (T0.7).
Nhieu nghien cim in vitro truoc day da chi ra rang tanin da anh huong ca hai mat rich cue va tieu cue de'n ty le tieu hoa ciia gia siic tiiy thupc nguon va ty le bo sung trong khau phan (Pham Quang Nggc va ctv, 2014, Yogianto va ctv, 2014). Ke't qua nghien cuu nay cho tha'y khi bo sung tanin tir hot phu pham che xanh da giam ty le tieu boa cha't him ca in vitro (OMDinv) la 1,7; 2,2 va 6,6%. tuong ung khi bo sung 6 miic 0,3; 0,5; 0,7% so vol khau phan doi chiing T(0), trong khi muc giam 6 chi tieu Bang 6. Ty le phan giai
nay la 2,7% khi dupc bo sung tanin tinh khie't.
Trong mot nghien cuu in vitro, Santoso va ctv (2013) cung da bao cao khi bo sung tanin tii' Leucaena leucocephala va Camellia sinensis da lam giam ty Ie Heu hoa in vitro (OMD) tii 7,3 de'n 20,1% so voi khau phan do'i chung. Patra va ctv (2006) cung bao cao bo sung thuc vat chua tanin lam giam 7% tieu hoa VCK va chat hiiii co in vitro so vai khong bo sung (nhom d6i chiing). Hess va ctv (2003) da bao cao tanin tu Calliandra calothyrsus da lam lam giam so'Iupng VSV, dac biet giam so'luong nhom vi khuan phan giai xa, dan deh lam giam phan giai OM.
3.3. Ket qua thi nghiem in sacco ciia cac khau phan thi nghiem
3.3.1. Ty le phan gidi vat chai kho Ke't qua xac dinh ty le phan giai in sacco vat cha't kh6 ciia khau phan thi nghiem khi bo sung tanin tit phu pham che xanh dugc the hien o Bang 6,
VCK ciia cac khau phan
Thai diem luu mau (^io) TO (DC-) T0.3 T0.7 TK0.5 (DC+)
18,37 25,11 39,04'' 45,20=
62,5' 73,13-' 79,89'
17,78 26,23 38,04-'"
44,65^"
61,66' 72,80- 77,80'"
17,74 24,58 38,37-^
44,12-"
61.68"
70,94-'' 78,16-'"
15,12 23,66 34,14"
42,45"
58,27"
66,11"
73,90"
17,09 24,29 37,66'^"
43,9^"
59.37'"
69,85'"
75,59''"
1,78 1,77 2,47 1,27 1,66 3,20 3,23
0,147 0,051 0,012 0,015 0,024 0,002 0,023
Ke't qua Bang 6 cho tha'y, ty le phan giai VCK ciia khau phan co xu huong tich luy tang dan theo thai gian va giam khi dugc bo sung tanin. Cac gia tri tha'p nhat dupc tim tha'y 6 nghiem thiic dupc bo sung 0,7%> tanin tii bpt phu pham che xanh. Ty le phan giai VCK a i a khau phan TO (DC) tang trung binh 2,15 %/
gio. Miic tang ty le phan giai aia khau phan
T0.7 trung binh 1,81 %/gio'. 6 cung miic bo sung 0,5%, gia tri tieu hoa VCK co xu huong giam nhe khi duoc bo sung tanin tir bpt phu pham che xanh so voi khi bo sung tii' tanin tinh khie't. Ty le phan giai co xu huong giam dan theo miic bo sung tanin, cu the: Trong giai doan 12-24 gio' luu mau, so voi khau phan TO, ri le phan giai VCK giam xuong trung binh
KHKT Chdn nuoi so 256 - thdng 4 ndm 2020
DINH D U O N G VA THU'C A' l A N N U ^
1,3; 1,8 va 6,4% tuong ung khi bo sung tanin hi bpt phu pham che xanh 6 miic 0,3; 0,5 va 0,7%, trong khi giam 3,9% khi bo sung 0,5%
tanin tinh khiet.
Ke't qua Bang 6 hoan toan phu hpp voi quy luat ciia ke't qua uoc tinh OMD^^ tix nghien cuu in vitro gas production trong'nghien cuu nay viec bo sung tanin lam giam ty le phan giai VCK khau phan. Miic giam ro ret khi tang miic bo sung len 0,7%. Dieu nay co the giai thich tannin da lam giam s6' lupng vi khuan va protozoa trong dich da co bai vi tannin co the hen ke't voi protein tren be mat te bao aia cac loai vi sinh vat nay nhu la mpt dpc to lam chiing khong the thuc hien qua hinh trao doi chat cung nhu phan chia te bao (Makkar va ctv, 1995). Mgt so nghien a i u gan day chi ra
r.LiccaoV 3 khau rang khi bo sung tamn \ oi n-,uc ^»-_ ^. ^ . ^ phan ciia gia siic nliai Iai lam g^atn ^ 'J^^^
giai VCK, lam bat hoat cic '•^nzyem "
Theo Horigomev. ctv ( l 9 S 8 ) ^ a m J u ^ ^ ^ tannin tro nen qua cao trong K""" f .
I, irat cho tieu noa hoat dong cua enzyme VI smh vat Cl xo va protein co the bi suy giam- SV tn^Y ""•
ty M tannin da anh huong den hoat dong cua cac emzym vi smh vit trong dich da CO, dac biet la cac vi sinli vil phan gidi xo (McMahon va cty 2000)
3,3.2. Ty lljihingiai Protem
Kei qua xac dinh ty le phan giai in sacco protein tho ciia khau phan thi nghiem khi bo sung tanin ttr phu pham che xanh dugc the hien a Bang 7.
Bang 7. Ty le phan giai CP ciia khau phan Thoi diem lu
3 6 9 12 24 48 72
a mau (gio) TO (DC-) 27,44' 35,39' 43,38- 48,12- 63,33- 74,84=
79,0 T0,3 25,96'"
31,89 ^ 39,14'"
42,81-"
55,69-"
64,24'"
67,57 T0.5 25,01-"
31,17-"
37,70-"
41,61'"
55,73-"
66,21'"
69,48 TO 7 22,93"
29,49"
35,61'*
39,20"
52,79^"
61,15"
64,48
TK0.5 (DC+) 24,26*
31,14-'' 37,39"'' 41,20-'*
55,05-"
63,58-'' 67,30
SEM 1,76 1,94 2,11 2,99 3.40 4,66 4.913
P 0,027 0,023 0,030 0,022 0,030 0.018 0,121
Tuong tu' ke't qua quy luat phan giai VCK, Bang 7 cho tha'y viec bo sung tanin lam giam ty le phan giai CF, Ke't qua cho tha'y duoc ty le phan giai CP aia cac khau phan thi nghiem deu cd xu huong tang dan theo tho'i gian. O thoi diem 12 gio deh 48 gio ty Ie phan giai tang nhanh nha't sau do tang cham dan o cac thoi diem ve sau. Nghiem thuc dugc bo sung miic 0,3 va 0,5% tamn (T0,3 va T0,5) giam khong dang ke so voi khau phan TO(DC-) qua timg thoi diem la'y mau. Tuy nhien cac chi tieu nay giam ro ret khi tang mire bo' sung tanin 0,7%.
Ke't qua cho tha'y duong nhu do tanin trong phu pham che da tao phiic hgp tanin-protein, ket qua lam giam phan giai protein thiic an.
Xet goc do tong the, khi tanin lai tro thanh chat khang dinh duong, nen mot phan phiic hgp tanin-protein da khong dupc phan giai a da CO, va "thoat qua" su phan giai 6 da c6, day chinh la nguon protein thoat qua da co va co the dupc tieu hoa 6 da khe'va ruot non (khi
pH tha'p hon). Dieu nay dac biet quan trgng d6i VOI gia siic cao san khi nguon protein tir VSV khong cung ca'p dii nhu cau cho gia siic, nhu cau cao ciia gia siic phai dugc bo sung tii thiic an (Nguyen Xuan Trach va ctv, 2004).
3.3.3. Ty le phan gidi xa (NDF, ADF) Ke't qua xac dinh ty le phan giai NDF va ADF dugc trinh bay trong bang 8. Ke't qua cho tha'y, viec bo sung va tang miic bo sung tanin co xu huong lam giam b;- Ie phan giai NDF va ADF so vai khong bo sung (TO) Tang miic tanin bo sung tanin 0,3; 0,5 vh 0,7% tuong ling giam trung binh 1,1; 1,2 va 6,67o so vai TO trong giai doan 12-24 gio km mlu da co, va giam 3,1% khi dugc bo sung tii tanin Unh khie't. d cimg miic bo sung 0,5"., i,!,-,,,-;^ (^ j . phan giai NDF xu huong giam kin bo' sung hi nguo'n tinh khie't so voi nguon lu i,,-,, ^, | xanh. Khau phan bo sung 0,3"-;. t<inin khon lam anh huong nhieu de'n ty le phan gia, „i^
32 KHKT Chdn nuoi so 256 - thdng 4 udin Jii ^7,
DINH DU'ONG vA THU'C AN CHAN NUOI
Bang 8. Ty le phan giai NDF va NDF ciia khau phan
Ty lg phan giai Thoi diein Imi n ,6) TO (DC-) T0.3 T0.5 T0.7 TK0.5 (DC+) SEM 19,76-
25.43 36.6 40,87- 61,04' 69,57- 77,73 17,91- 24,44 33.68^
39,17 54,88' 65,37' 74,58
18.97-"
24.28 36.16 40,36' 60,15'"
69,14-"
76,31 17,51-"
24,07 33,05-"
38.52 54,17'"
64,93'"
73,97 18,93'"
24,74 37.24 40,68- 59.08-''
69,7' 75,25 17,28'"
24.00 33,20' 38,14 55.64-"
63,31-"
72.25 17.20"
23.10 34,19 37.51"
57,58"
65,46"
72,24 15,62"
22,07 30,01"
36.90 51,44"
59,53^*
69.60 18,51-"
23,05 35.99 39,35-"
58,74-"
68.37-'' 74.47 16.99-"
23,92 31,92-"
37,85 51,63-"
61,72''' 70,18
0,92 1,03 1,27 1,33 1,62 2,01 2,41 1,11 1,68 1,69 1,85 2,15 2,99 5,20
0,028 0,108 0.054 0.027 0.035 0,013 0,052 0,013 0.142 0,036 0,059 0.058 0,025 0,052 Ke't qua nghien ciiu ciing cho tha'y ty Ie
phan giai NDF aia khau phan da giam ro ret khi bo sung a miic 0,7%. Khong tha'y su sai khac khi so sanh giii'a miic bo' sung tanm tir bot che xanh giiia miic 0,3% va muc 0,5%. Xu huong nay hoan toan phii hgp voi mot so ke't qua c6ng bo' truac day, cho rang tanin trong khau phan giam ty Ie phan giai xo, do tanin da li'c che'hoat dgng VSV phan giai xo trong da CO (Santoso va ctv, 2013; Pham Quang Ngpc va ctv, 2014). Mpt s6' tac gia da dua ra lap luan phan tich la g miic tanin cao trong khau phan, ngoai tao phuc tanin-protein, phan con lai co the da anh hudng de'n kha nang tieu hoa xa thong qua viec tao phiic voi lignocellulose, do do han che nguon thiic an a i a cac vi sinh vat hoac phan tanin chua tao phiic tac dgng true tie'p iic che'boat dgng he vi smh vat phan giai xo va men phan giai xo hoac xay ra ca hai truong hgp tren (Patra va ctv, 2006; Bhatta va ch', 2009; Jadhav va cb/, 2018).
Trong dieu kien cua nghien ciiu nay, co xu huong giam ty le phan giai VCK va to'c do sinh khi in vitro gas production 6 nghiem thii'c bo sung tanin tinh khie't so voi khi bo sung cung miic 0,5% tanin tir bgl che xanh. Cau hoi dat ra la bo sung 0,5% tanin tu nguon bot che xanh hay tanin tinh khie't co cho su khac biet ro ret khong khi nghien ciiu cac khau phan nay tren gia siic. Anh huong su tuong tac cac ye'u to'
dinh duong (nhu' protein, xa) khau phan voi nguon bo sung tanin deh qua trinh tieu hoa tren gia siic can dugc lam ro.
4. KET LUAN
Tang miic bo sung hi 0,3% len 0,5% tanin tii phu pham che xanh trong khau phan khong lam giam to'c dp sinh khi in vitro, ty le phan giai VCK, CP, NDF, ADF in sacco va ty le tieu hoa cac cha't dinh duong, l^y nhien ne'u tie'p tuc tang len 0,7% thi lam giam cac chi tieu nay.
Bo sung miic 0,5% tanin tu phu pham che xanh CO xu huong cai thien ty le tieu hoa chat hiiu eg va ty le phan giai in sacco cac cha't dinh dudng ciia khau phan so voi khi dupc bo sung 6 ciing muc tii tanin tinh khie't.
Tie'p tuc thir nghiem mii'c b6 sung 0,3 va 0,5% tannin vao khau phan an a i a bo de danh gia anh huong ciia tannin tir phu pham che de'n nang sua't chan nuoi va hieu qua moi truang.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
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KHKT Chdn nuoi so 256 - thdng 4 ndm 2020
DINH DU'ONG vATHU^C AN_CHANNy^
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trinh Chan
"dimg cho gia cac gia tri nay Ciia mpt .^o 1"^^^"'."'' "^^-^ c h a n luioi, Chi Cirtmg, Ciin htia, gia tri d i n h du&ng va v.i\' diaig P ^ ^,^
d o a n cac gia tri nay Ciia mpt ^o l"3i "^^^
sue nhai lai. L u a n an tien .-.I nong nghiep.
16,Pham Q u a n g Nggc, Luu Thi Thi. Vu • - -^^^^- ^ ^ ^ Thi T h a n h H u y e n va Pham Kim «- & j ^ ^ ^ ,3^
Immg m e t h a n e ' ; ; , Tap c h i - K H C N t u o n g , keo la tram va tannin
p h a n CO s o d e n len men, tieu hoa d?
thai ra t u da co trong dieu kipn
Chan nuoi, 47 48-70 p r o d u c t i o n 17,Niidda A. a n d N - ™ / ^ ^ , f J ^ ^ ^ n - c o n f a i n l n g forages
. . . n « , M I (1979). T h e e s h m a t i o n 18 O r s k o v E.R. a n d McDonald 1. ( ^ ' " '
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KHKT Chdn nuoi so 256 - thdng 4 ndm 20'^n
