DANH GIA HOAT DONG BAN HANH VAN BAN CHINH SACH PHUC VU MUC TIEU PHAT TRIEN BEN V C T N G VUNG TAY NGUYEN
To Vdn Hoa*
Phan Thi Lan Hieffng Tom tat: Bdi viet phdn tich, ddnh gid hogt dong ban hdnh vdn ban chinh sdch dSi vai vitng Tdy Nguyen a nuac ta trong thdi gian qua, qua do de xuat mot so gidi phdp doi mdi guy trinh ban hdnh nhdm ddm bdo suphdt trien ben vimg cua viing Tdy Nguyen.
Abstract: This article analyzes and evaluates policy making activities relating to the Central Highlands (Tdy Nguyen) of Vietnam recently. It then makes proposals to reform the process of making and enacting policy to ensure sustainable development of the Central Highlands
H
ien nay, nha nudc ta khong cd quy dinh rieng ve quy trinh ban hanh van ban chinh sach. Cac chinh sach ve phat trien kinh te, xa hgi deu dugc ban hanh dua tren cac nhu cau phat trien va thuc tien quan ly, dac biet la chua cd nghien ciiu, phan tich khai niem va vai trd, anh hudng ciia "chinh sach". Do dd, quy trinh ban hanh van ban chinh sach ciia ca quan nha nudc cd tham quyen van dugc ap dung theo mdt trinh ty chung, thiiu cac tieu chi va cac quy dinh bao dam tiip can cac muc tieu, yeu cau cua phat triin bin viing ndi chung. Dudi gde dp khoa hpc phap ly, chua cd sy phin biet ro giiia khai niem chinh sach va phap luat. Noi each khac la cd su ding nhit h-ong quy trinh ban hanh chlnh sach vdi ban hanh van banTS., Dai hpc Luat Ha N91.
" TS., D^i hpc Luat Ha Npi. Day la san phim ciia De tai "Xay dung luSn cu khoa hoc cho viec bi sung va dfli men hS thing thi chi phat tnin bin viing Tay Nguyen", ma s6 TN3/X09, thupc Chuang trinh khoa hpc va cong ngh? trpng diem cap Nha nuac KHCN- TN3/11-15 "Khoa hpc va cong ngh? phuc vu phat triln kinh tl - xa hpi viing Tay Nguyin" (Chuong trinh Tay Nguyen 3).
phap luat. Cu the la, cac van ban chinh sach deu dugc ap dung theo mot thu tuc ban hanh van ban quy pham phap luat do Luat Ban hanh van ban quy pham phap luat quy dinh.
Quy trinh ban hanh van ban chinh sach de xay dyng va phat trien vimg Tay Nguyen da cd nhieu chuyen bien tich cue nhu da md rdng sy tham gia ddng gdp y kien, danh gia so bp tac ddng cua van ban chiiih sach. Tuy nhien, he thong cac van ban chinh sach nay van chua dap ling dugc ba tieu chi dd la:
Phat trien kinh te, giai quyet cac van de xa hgi va bao ve mdi trudng - ba yeu td tru cot de dam bao phat trien ben viing (PTBV) khu vyc Tay Nguyen.
1. Danh gia chung
1.1. Cdc vdn bdn d trung trang Van ban chinh sach do Chfnh phii ban hanh de ap dung ddi vdi mpt khu vyc cdn hoc Id nhiing ban che nhat dinh nhu: Thieu tinh ddng bp, thdng nhat, chua dam bao cac yeu cau PTBV ciia vimg, chua the hien dugc nhiing dac thii cua vimg tren thuc te, cdn manh miin, thieu sy ddng bg, thdng nhat trong tit ca cac ITnh vue. Cu the:
NHA NU'dC VA PHAPLUATSO 10/2014
- Khdng phdn biet chinh sdch vd phdp ludt: Khoa hoc quan ly cua nudc ta khdng cd sy phan biet chinh sach va phap luat. Can cd mpt quy trinh danh gia rieng ddi vdi chinh sach dua tren cac tidu chi cua PTBV, vi h-en thuc te, tam anh hudng, tac ddng cua chinh sach den phat trien kinh te, van hda, va mdi trudng khac vdi tim anh hudng cua mdt quy pham phap luat cu the. Tuy nhien, cho din nay, Nha nudc ta deu quy dinh mdt thii tuc chung ap dung cho boat ddng ban hanh van ban quy pham phap luat, khdng cd quy dinh rieng ve quy trinh ban hanh chinh sach.
- Thieu linh ddc thit cu the: Do van ban trung uong ban hanh thudng dugc ap dung tren pham vi ca nudc nen cd tinh trang khdng phii hgp vdi dieu kien dac thii cua mdi viing, mdi dia phuong. Vi du nhu, Nghi dinh si 210/20I3/ND-CP ngay 19 thang 12 nam 2013 cua Chinh phii ve chinh sach khuyin khich doanh nghiep dau tu vao ndng nghifp, ndng thdn quy dinh ve hd trg diu tu ca sd say Ilia, ngd, khoai, san, chi biin ca phe..., nhung mgt si tinh Tdy Nguyen nim trong di§n uu dai dang day manh trdng cay ca phe lai thieu mdt chinh sach xuyen suit tii khau san xuit - chi biin - tieu thy dk dam bao nganh ca phe d khu vue Tay Nguyen cd thi phat trien. Neu chi chii trpng vao diu tu chi bien ma khdng tinh den bao dam nguyen lidu diu vao va thi trudng tieu thy thi nganh ca . phe khdng the dat muc tieu PTBV.
- Thieu suphoi hgp giica trung uang vd dia phuong: Tren thyc ti, viec ban hanh cac van ban ciia Chinh phii thudng dugc giao cho cac Bd (ca quan quan ly nganh) d trung uang soan thao. Vi vay, thanh phin ban soan thao thudng din tii cac ca quan trung uong, chua cd su tham gia ciia cac ca quan dia phuong ddi vdi cac van ban chinh
sach dugc ban hanh de ap dung d mdt viing nhat dinh.
- Thiiu ludn cu thuc tien: viec danh gia tac ddng cua chinh sach tai dia phuong chi dan thuan la nhung nghien ciiu danh gia mang tinh hinh thiic, thieu can cii khoa hpc, luan cii thyc tien, do do, cd nhung chinh sach ban hanh thieu tinh kha thi khi ap dung tai dia phuong.
- Thieu su lien kit giita cdc ngdnh hieu guan: Cac chinh sach thudng do mdi nganh soan thao nen chi the hien dac thu ciia nganh do ma thieu sy lien ket, danh gia tac dpng giua cac ca quan hiiu quan. Vi du, chinh sach hd trg che bien ca phe can phai cd sy tham gia danh gia cua Bg Cdng Thuang, Bg Ki hoach va Diu tu, Bp Ndng nghiep va Phat ti-iin ndng thdn... di dam bao quy trinh san xuat - chi biin - tieu thu dugc ket hgp hai hda, tranh chi tni trpng vao mpt muc tieu din din hang loat cac chinh sach vi kinh ti khac khdng dat dugc tren thyc t&.
1.2. Cdc van bdn d diaphwffng Ngoai viec thieu dpi ngu can bp lam chinh sach cd nang lyc, trinh dp chuyen mdn din din chit lugng cac van ban cdn bat cap, quy trinh ban hanh cac van ban ciia dia phuong da bdc Id nhihig ban chi nhat dinh sau:
- Viec ti chiic lay y kiin vi van ban phap luat hay cac quy hoach phat triin kinh te - xa h0i thudng chi thuc hien d ti-ong pham vi dja phuong ban h^nh vSn ban va quy hoach, thieu y kiin ddng gdp cua cac dia phuong khac va cac ca quan quan Iy nha nudc vi chuyen mdn (cac Bg). Vi vay, cac chinh sach ciia dia phuong chua danh gia dugc sy tac dgng, anh hudng din cac nganh, ITnh vyc hay cac dia phuong khac.
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DANH GL4 HOA T DQNG..
- Khau danh gia tac ddng cua quy hoach dia phuong chua dugc phap luat quy dinh cy the ve cac tieu chi, ca quan cd thim quyin, each thirc td chirc va pham vi danh gia tac ddng.
Thieu sy phdi hgp giiia cac dia phucmg trong qua trinh bao dam muc tieu phat trien vimg. Nhu, giira 5 tinh cua khu vyc Tay Nguyen chua cd sy phii hgp trong ban hanh van ban chinh sach di cac chinh sach cua mdi dia phuang dam bao dugc ca ba yeu cau phat trien kinh ti, giai quyit cac van de xa hdi va bao ve mdi trudng, ma dugc thyc hien mgt each rieng le, din din phat trien manh miin, thieu ddng bd, va cd the anh hudng den sy phat triin cua ca vimg; chinh sach phat trien cay ca phe d khu VUC nay la mdt vi du.
- Thieu sy tham gia ciia cac nha nghien cmi, chuyen gia ve cac ITnh vyc, din den van ban cua dia phuang ban hanh cdn chdng cheo, tning lap va n^u thuan nhau, chua dam bao su phat trien ddng deu glGa kinh te, giai quyet van de xa hpi va bao ve mdi trudng.
2. Danh gia trong mot so linh vyc Ting kit danh gia nam 2013 cua Ban chi dao Tay Nguyen cho thay, Tay Nguyen cdn tin tai nhieu van de can phai dugc giai quyit, dd la: Giao thdng cham dugc cai thien nen anh hudng Idn din phat trien san xuit va luu thdng hang hda; ddng bao dan tgc thiiu si (DTTS) cdn gap nhieu khd khan trong san xuit do thieu dat san xuat, ddi sing khd kh5n; cdng tac dao tao nghi chua gin vdi giai quyet viec lam; phat trien thuy dien cham khic phuc hau qua vi moi trudng...'. Mpt trong nhiing nguyen nhan
chu yeu la do khung the che chinh sach d Tay Nguyen dugc ban hanh chua dam bao tinh ddng bg, he thong, chua cd sy ket hgp yeu td vung va cac yeu cau ciia PTBV.
2,1. Cdc vdn ban chinh sdch thupc linh viec kinh te
Dang va Nha nudc ta da ban hanh nhieu van ban chinh sach ap dung chung cho tat ca 7 vimg kinh te, nhu chinh sach xda ddi giam ngheo, uu dai dau tu... Tuy nhien, cac chinh sach va cac the che do trung uang ban hanh de ap dung trong pham vi ca nudc nay da bdc Id nhiing han che nhat dinh.
- Chua cd su phdi hgp trong ban hanh chinh sach ciia chinh quyen tnmg uong vdi chinh quyen dia phuang de dam bao phat trien kinh te ben vung vung. Tay Nguyen da cd 6 mat hang cay cdng nghiep tham gia hang ndng san xuat khiu, diing dau la ca phe va ho tieu. Tuy nhien, thi trudng san xuat ndng san xuat khau cua Tay Nguyen thieu dn dinh do tap quan san xuat lac hau, thieu chinh sach de dam bao duy tri tinh ddng bd trong quy trinh san xuat - che bien -tieu thu.
- Cac chinh sach xda ddi giam ngheo chua thuc su phu hgp vdi diiu kien dac thii ciia dia phuong va bao dam cac yeu cau ciia PTBV vimg do thieu sy dong bp ve cac chinh sach phat trien ngudn lyc ky thuat, nang cao trinh dp nhan thiic, viec lam, tin dung... Mat khac, viec xay dung, ban hanh the che, chfnh sach cdn rat dan trai, trong do cd nhieu chinh sach, chuang trinh chdng cheo, khong hieu qua, tham chi cd khdng it chinh sach lang phi, khong diing ddi tugng, nhu cac ddi tugng mdi di cu den dugc quan tam trong khi nhieu doi tugng DTTS lai chua dugc quan tam, dan den viec xoa ddi
' van Thanh (2014), Ban Chi dao Tay Nguyen tong kit cflng tac nSm 2013 va trien khai cong tac nam
2014, http://www.cand.com.vn/News/
PrintView.aspx?ID=220747.
NHA NUOC VA PHAPLUATSO 10/2014
giam ngheo chua dat ket qua, ty le hd ddi ngheo cua ding bao DTTS vin chiim ty le tuong ddi cao trong sd cac hd ddi ngheo d Tay Nguyen.
- Cac chinh sach dau tu xay dyng, phat tridn ca sd ha tang d Tay Nguyen khdng dem lai hieu qua cao do cd sy biet lap ve dia ban cu tni. Ngudn dau tu tic ngan sach nha nudc cho Tay Nguyen tang nhung hieu qua thu dugc cdn ban che, do dd, ddng bao DTTS chua dugc hudng lgi nhiSu tic cac ngudn thu cua nha nudc.
2.2. Cac van bdn chinh sdch thuoc linh vijrc van hoa - xa hpi
Song song vdi cac chinh sach phat trien kinh te, cac chinh sach lien quan den cac van de xa hdi nhu dau tu cho giao due, viec lam, cham sdc siic khoe y te, nang cao diiu kien sdng cua dan cu khu vyc Tay Nguyen da dugc ban hanh. Ddi sdng van hoa, xa hdi d Tay Nguyen dang cd nhiing bidn ddi manh. Nhung bien ddi nay ddng thdi ciing tao ra nhung thach thiic trong van di bao tdn van hoa dan tpc, trong giai quyit mau thuan, xung dot giiia cac tdc ngudi ve dat dai, ngudn nudc. Tuy nhien, chinh sach lien quan den giai quyet van de lao dpng, viec lam d Tay Nguyen chua phat huy dugc hieu qua. Thing ke cho thay, Tay Nguyen cdn thieu lyc lugng lao ddng tai chd cd trinh dp chuyen mdn cao, dap img yeu cau ciia qua trinh hien dai hda, cdng nghiep hda. Day la mdt yeu td anh hudng din PTBV.
Do dd, chinh sach phat triin giao due cua Tay Nguyen cung can phai tinh din dac thu ciia dieu kien ty nhien, xa hpi va con ngudi de dam bao trien khai cd hieu qua tren thuc te* cin cd chinh sach uu tien dao tao cac nganh nghi ve ndng, lam nghiep cho ngudn nhan luc tai chd, dac biet la ddng bao DTTS. Cac ca quan ban hanh chinh sach va
thuc thi chinh sach can phdi hgp, ra soat di dam bao sy ddng bp giira cac chinh sach, tao nen tang phat trien kinh te, giai quyit cac van de xa hpi va bao ve mdi trudng d khu vyc Tay Nguyen.
2.3. Cdc van ban chinh sdch thudc linh VUC moi trw&ng
Cac the che chinh sach phat trien Tay Nguyen nhu xoa ddi giam ngheo, giao dit cho ddng bao DTTS, xay dung dy an tiiuy didn, trdng cay cao su... chua dap ling dugc ba yeu cau try edt cua PTBV viing. Khung the che chinh sach do ca quan trung uong ban hanh dugc ap dung chung cho ca nudc chua tinh den dieu kien dac thii cua khu vue Tay Nguyen, trong khi cac cap chinh quyin dia phuang d Tay Nguyen chua cd su phii ket hgp trong boat dgng ban hanh, thyc hien. Cu the:
- Chinh sach bao ve mdi trudng d Tay Nguyen chua dap ling dugc yeu ciu PTBV.
Do che phu cua rimg Tay Nguyen tinh din dau nam 2013 cd xu thi giam din, tinh trang dien tich rimg bi mat xay ra ngay cang nhiiu, trong khi do, chinh sach tring mdi rimg chua dugc thyc hien cd hieu qua tren thyc te. Cac chinh sach ehuyin dii rieng phdng hd sang rimg tring cao su chua tinh hau qua Mu dai ddi vdi mdi trudng ma mdi chi nhim vao muc tieu kinh ti trudc mit.
- Cac chinh sach phat triin thuy dien d TSy Nguyen con thi hien manh miin, khdng cd sy phdi hgp giiia cac tinh trong vimg, si lugng cac dy an thuy dien vira va nhd dugc xay dung khdng dam bao quy hoach phai trien tdng thi vimg va yeu ciu bag ve mdi trudng; viec trdng rimg bu lai dien tich rimg bi mit do xay dyng thuy dien con rit cham;
quan ly chat lugng cac du an thuy dien vira va nhd bi buong Idng di xay ra nhiiu su ci nghiem trpng.
DANH GIA HOAT DONG ...
- Chinh sach ve quan ly rimg d Tay Nguyen con nhieu bit cap, chua phii hgp vdi dieu kien dac thii cua Tay Nguyen, van cdn 31,4% dien tich rimg chua cd chii thyc su ma dang giao cho xa quan ly. Do do, tinh trang pha rimg, khai thac gd trai phep va xung dot lgi ich cua ding bao DTTS trong viec khai thac rung vin cdn tiip diln. Theo chi dao cua Thu tudng Chinh phu, cac tinh Tay Nguyen da phai td chiic ra soat, thu hii 76 dy an vdi gan 8 nghin ha, dinh chi 48 dy an vdi gan 1.300 ha.
2.4. Cdc vdn bdn chinh sdch thupc linh VUC an ninh, qudc phbng
Dang va Nha nudc ta da ban hanh nhiiu van ban chfnh sach nham cung cd tang cudng an ninh va qudc phdng trong pham vi ca nudc cung nhu ddi vdi khu vyc Tay Nguyen ndi rieng. Quyet dinh sd 124/2014/
QD-TTg ngay 16 thang I nam 2014 ciia Thu tudng Chinh phii ve viec phe duyet "Di an tiep tuc cung cd, kien toan chinh quyen CO sd vimg Tay Nguyen giai doan 2014 - 2020" da cho thay su nhan thiic diing dan ciia nha nudc trong viec phat huy va kien toan chinh quyen cap co sd, nang cao nang lyc dgi ngu can bd. Tuy nhien, de thuc hien myc tieu nay can cd nhirng chinh sach dac biet de ap dung ddi vdi ddi tugng can bp cong chiic la DTTS, khuyen khich hg tich eye hpc tap, nang cao trinh dp chuyen mdn.
Ngoai ra, phat huy dan chii d dia phuang cin cd sy nang cao nhan thiic ciia ngudi dan dja phuang, dac biet la ddng bao DTTS.
Nhin chung, cac chu truong chinh sach nay da dugc ban hanh song song, tuy nhien, trong qua trinh thyc hien van cdn nhieu ching cheo, bat cap. Cac chinh sach dat dai khdng dugc thyc hien mpt each triet de cung la mpt trong nhiing nguyen nhdn di cac phin tu xiu lgi dung chdng ddi chinh
quyen, khieu nai ddng ngudi. Cd the ndi, cdng tac qudc phdng, an ninh ngoai viec nang cao hieu qua boat dpng cua chinh quyen cac cSp thi can cd chinh sach giai quyet cac van de xa hdi d Tay Nguyen nhu chinh sach y te, giao due, dat dai...
3. Mot si kien nghi
De dam bao yeu cau phat trien ben viing vung Tay Nguyen, quy trinh ban hanh van ban chinh sach can ddi mdi va hoan thien mpt sd ndi dung sau:
3.1. Hodn thien khung the chi chinh sdch ddm bdo phdt trien ben vimg viing Tay Nguyen
Hoan thidn khung the che, chinh sach dam bao PTBV la mpt trong nhiing diiu kien tien quyet trong giai doan hien nay.
Can quy dinh cu the ve quy trinh ban hanh chinh sach, danh gia chinh sach gin kit vdi muc tieu PTBV. Khung the chi quy dinh vi quy trinh ban hanh chinh sach nay can dap ling cac yeu cau sau:
- Ddm bdo su thong nhdt vd ddng bp.
Hien nay, so lugng Idn cac van ban chinh sach ve phat trien kinh te, giai quyet cac van de xa hpi va bao ve mdi trudng dugc ban hanh tii nam 1986 de ap dung trong pham vi ca nudc chua cd sy thdng nhit va ding bp.
Can tien hanh ra scat lai theo yeu cau cua PTBV di dam bao su ddng bg, thing nhit giiia cac van ban.
- Phdn biit giiia chinh sdch vd phdp lugt di CO mpt quy trinh ban hdnh chinh sdch dam bdo yeu cdu PTBV. Chinh sach thudng nham muc dich de ra cac chii truong, bien phap de phat trien kinh ti, xa hgi va bao ve mdi trudng. Cac chinh sach nay cd tac ddng rat Idn den ddi song xa hdi nhung khdng mang tinh chat bit budc thi hanh nhu cac quy pham phap luat, vi viec thyc hien chinh sach cdn phu thugc rit
NHA NU'dC VA PHAPLUATSO 10/2014
nhieu vao dieu kien kinh te, chinh tri, van hoa, xa hdi ciia moi dia phuang. Vi vay, hieu qua ciia mdi chfnh sach d mdi dia phuong la khac nhau. Do dd, quy trinh ban hanh chinh sach can phai cd su thay ddi, nhu tap trung ban vao giai doan danh gia tac dpng ciia chinh sach trudc khi ban hanh, khi thuc hien va sau khi thuc hien.
- Hodn thien khung thi che chinh sdch dp dung cho mot vimg, mpt khu vue rieng.
Can ban hanh luat rieng nhu Luat ban hanh chinh sach hay Luat danh gia chinh sach, trong do quy dinh cy the ve tham quyen, trinh ty, thii tuc ban hanh chinh sach, cac yeu cau, tieu chi danh gia chinh sach de dam bao myc tieu PTBV.
3.2. Doi mdi quy trinh ban hdnh vdn ban chinh sdch dp dung cho vitng Tay Nguyen
De hoan thien quy trinh ban hanh chinh sach, can phai tap trung vao nhiing ndi dung sau:
- Phoi hap giira cdc chinh quyin dia phuang de ban hdnh chinh sdch cho cd
viing. De dam bao phat trien ding bp, thing nhat trong mgt viing, dac biet la dii vdi cac du an kinh te, xay dung cac cdng trinh trgng diem, can quy djnh ca che phii hgp ban hanh van ban chinh sach giiia cac dia phuang trong mdt vimg, tranh ban hanh mpt each ddc lap nhu hien nay.
- Quy dinh viec ddnh gid thdm dinh cua cdc chuyen gia. Quy tiinh ban hanh chinh sach ndi chimg can bd sung quy dinh vi danh gia tham dinh cua cac nha khoa hpc, cac chuyen gia trong cac ITnh vyc lien quan (phan bidn xa hdi), di dam bao cac chinh sach dugc ban hanh mang tinh khach quan, khoa hpc va kha thi.
- Ddy manh su tham gia ciia nguai ddn trong quy trinh ban hdnh chinh sdch nhu: 1)
Quy dinh cu the ban ve quyen cua nguai dan tham gia ddng gdp y kien ddi vdi cac chinh sach, quy dinh ro trach nhiem cua co quan chu tri soan thao trong viec tiep nhan, tham khao cac y kien ddng gdp ciia ngudi dan de qua trinh nay cd hieu qua thyc ti, khong trd thanh hinh thiic; 2) Tham vin cac yeu td van hoa truyen thong, tri thiic ban dia: Cac chinh sach ap dyng ddi vdi cac dii tugng la ddng bao DTTS can cd sy tham van ve yeu to van hoa truydn thing, tSp tuc cua mdi dan tdc de dam bao su ket hgp hai hoa giiia lgi ich cua nha nudc vdi lgi ich cua nhan dan; 3) Cd hinh thuc My y kiln phii hgp vdi dan tri ddng bdo DTTS: Cac ddi tugng ding bao DTTS Tay Nguyen da sd cd trinh dp van hoa thSp nen qua trinh ti chiic liy y kiin phai gin liin vdi cdng tac tuyen truySn, phd bien de ngudi dan hiiu vl npi dung chinh sach trudc khi ban hanh; ti chiic liy y kiin bing nhiiu hinh thiic khac nhau di phii hgp vdi trinh dd nhan thiic, vSn hda cua ding bao DTTS.
3.3. Tang cir&ng cff chikikm tra, gidm sdt, ddnh gid viec thuc hien chinh sdch tren thuc te
Cd ca chi kiem tra, giam sat, danh gia viec thyc hien chinh sach trudc, trong, va sau khi ban hanh dam bao cho chinh sach co tinh hgp ly, kha thi va phdt huy hieu qua tren thyc te. Can tap trung vao mpt si npi dung sau:
- Xay dung mdt ca chi danh gia ting the Mt ca cac chinh sach ap dung cho khu vyc Tay Nguyen ben canh viec danh gia mang tinh chit rieng le nhu hien nay.
- Viec danh gia chinh sach cin dugc thyc hien tren co sd phdi hgp giiia cac dja phuang de cd the thay dugc nhiing bit cap va han che can khac phuc, phu hgp vdi diiu kien dac thu cua moi dia phuang ciing nhu 30
DANH GIA HOAT DQNG ..
dam bao yeu td PTBV cua ca viing. Thdng qua dd cd su dieu chinh, can d i i cho phii hgp vdi nhu c i u thyc t i , tranh sy lang phi cung nhu khdng ket hgp dugc lgi ich kinh t i cua ca viing.
Hien nay, viec phan c i p quan ly tren thyc te da trao quyen chii ddng, sang tao cho chinh quyin cac cap. Moi dia phuang se cd nhiing van dung chinh sach khac nhau phu hgp vdi dieu kidn dac thu, vi lgi ich ciia dia phuang ma khong chii y den lgi ich hay tac dgng cua chinh sach den ca vung. Vi du nhu chinh sach xay dyng nha may thuy dien cua Dac LSk, hay chinh sach ehuyin d i i rimg ngheo sang trdng ca phe cd t h i anh
hudng den mdi trudng cua ca viing. Do dd, c i n thiit lap co che kiem tra, danh gia chinh sach ciia moi dia phuang gdp phan bao dam PTBV cua vimg.
Tdm lai, su phat trien cua mdi tinh d Tay Nguyen cd anh hudng den sy phat trien cua ca khu vyc ciing nhu ca nudc, va phu thugc rat nhieu vao cac the che chinh sach.
Cac chinh sach dugc ban hanh can dap ling cac yeu cau cua PTBV do la phat trien kinh te, giai quyet cac van de xa hgi va bao ve mdi trudng. Dac biet can cd danh gia tac ddng chinh sach trudc, trong va sau khi ban hanh de dam bao muc tieu PTBV va hieu qua ciia cac chinh sach trong thuc te.
(Tiip theo trang 24 - Dan vi hdnh chinh...)
ban phuong Tay, nai ma cac thiet che ve tu do, dan chu, binh dang dugc khai sinh va phat trien kha sdm'^ Td chiic tu quan cd nen tang cot loi la su phan quyen triet de tir trung uong; lanh thd dugc td chiic theo md hinh ty quan cd quyen tu quyet, tu chiu trach nhiem, cd quy che phat trien rieng.
Su phat trien ciia Wf quan dja phuang va nhihig gia trj cua no da khong c6n b6 hep trong pham vi mflt quflc gia ma ca cpng ddng chau Au phai thira nh^n.
Nhan thuc vl xay dung mot ca sa phip Iy r6 rang, v&ng chic cho chinh quyln dja phuong la cin thiit cho viec hinh thanh vj tri cua chinh quyen dia phucmg nhu la m^t dfli tic trong he thflng dilu hanh nha nuac da dugc thira nhan is tit ca cie uudc nay.
Vi le d6, nam 1985, Hpi dflng chau Au da thong qua Hiin chuang vl chinh quyln tu quan dja phucmg nhu la mpt hiep ude chau Au duac da so cac nudc thanh vign Cpng ding chiu Au (EC) ky ya cong nhan, do do, no tro thanh bit bupc doi v6i tit ca cac nucfc thanh vien cua EC. Vifc thflng qua Hiin chuong vl chinh quyln ty quan dja phuang ciia EC nhu la siic ep khiln Lien hpp quflc cung cho khai thao Hiin chuang quoc tl vl chinh quyen tu quan dia phuang.
Mdt lanh thd tu quan cd the phat trien nhieu kieu td chiic dia phuong khac nhau phu hgp vdi dieu kien lanh thd, dia ly ty nhien, dan cu, truyen thdng, tiem nang, ngudn lyc vdn cd de khdng pha v a ket cau mang tinh he thdng san cd tren lanh thd. Khi dugc phat trien dung ngudn luc va dung dieu kien, thi mpt lanh thd dia phuang t u quan cd the la mdt cap dan vi hanh chinh thdng thudng ciing cd the la mgt dac khu hanh chinh, mdt khu t u tri, va tat nhien cd the la mgt dan vi hanh chinh — kinh te dac biet.
N h u vay, de thanh lap don vi HCKTDB, trudc het Viet Nam can ap dung md hinh "ty quan dia phuang" chir khdng phai la phan cap quan ly, vi dii phan c i p triet de den dau van khong du tao sy dpc lap can thiet ve hanh chfnh cho cac dan vi hanh chinh - kinh te dac biet, trong khi su dpc lap ve hanh chinh, chinh la ngpn ngudn nudi sdng cai c h i t "dac biet" ve kinh t i trong cac khu hanh chinh - kinh te dac biet.
