Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o
HIEN TRANG KHAI THAC 0 MO THIEC SUOI BAC VA CAC GIAI PHAP KHAC PHUC
After providing the Introduction of the geological conditions as well as mining system at 8uol Bac tin ore mine, the paper refers to some teehnleal solutions for Increasing efficiency In mining activities at this mine
KS. vO VAN Le
Tifng Cdng ty Khoang san - TKV
Vung md thiee Quy Hdp (Ngh$ An) nlm each |hanh phd Vinh 130 km v l phfa Tay la mpt trong 3 vCing quang thiee Idn cdi mto ta (sau Cao Bang va Tim Dlfo). (3u|ng thid'c d day gdm quing m kh^irig v^
quing qm^ ^dnq dd €h^ y@u \k QjiMnq m khdiing.
Tf©fi0 nh&fig nam gan day, vide khai thac quang thiee sa khoang d vung md thiee Quy Hdp cda Cdng ty Kim loai mau Nghe TTnh (Cdng ty eon cda' Tdng cdng ty Khoang san ^ TKV) gap rat nhieu khd khan do cac k h ^ tf& lupng quang sa khoang dd ham lupng giau va tap trung da het, cdn lai cac khdi ngheo va phan tan.
Thdi gian gan day, Cdng ty da chuyen sang khai thac quang thiee gdc.
Quang thiee gde d vdng md thidc Quy Hpp ed truT lupng kh^a Idn, tap trung chd yeu d teg ngheo va dieu k i ^ khai fhac khd khan.
thiee gde duOc khaf M s felifiig ck hai phUdng phap Ld fhien va Ham Id. Do dac diem ca'u true eda c^c khdi quang sunfua kha phd'e tap, gdc ddc va chieu day cda than i ^ n g bien thien Idn va do iWftSte # fiSm dd chua chi tiet i^fiiiglte khoanh ndi duoc cac fcfti^i fcteii thac. Cdng nghe
Sii #11^ 6 cac khdi trCJf lupng
nhd le chd yeu la d^o Id l^'y quang dpc theo via dSn 6it\
khd'i lupng met Id Chuan bj Idn, nang sua't khai thac thlp vk de lai tru bko ve giiia cac tang Id nhteU d i n den tdn thdt quSng Idfn,
Trong khudn kh^ bll bad Day xin trinh bay nhiing khd khan, {on tai trOng edng tac khai thac o ,710 thiee gdc Sudi Bae va nhOfng gial phap khac phuc.
l i Khai quat dieu kien dja dhit viing md
Md thiee gdc Sudi Bad filffl tren vdng nui trung binh dIr*
eao va phat trien tren ndn kieh trdc ed, dja hinh phin cat phiic tap. Do cao dao ddng tiS 400 - 700 m, sudn ndi ddc 20 ^ 30°, cd ndi ddc 40 -^ 45° tao nen cac vach eao dung ddrig lam cho viec di lai khd khan. Md d xa khu dan cU, xa tru sd Cdng ty, dieu kien cung cap nhien vat lieu, an d va sinh hostf d<6§
ngUdi lao ddng gap nhieu khd khan.
Tru' lupng quang thiee gdc Sudi Bac tap trung chd yeu d than quang 1.
Than quang i filw ifm§
ddi khoang hoa dai 1000m, chieu rpng bien ddi kha Idn, td"
25 - eOm. Thanh phin thach hpc eda # i i (§M ydu la ( ^ phien thach afM -- §§fmt -- graphit. Da cdng dl^d, c ^ ' im phan Idp, phan phien ro va
fhui&ng fad thanh Vach duhg d(ing. Cung ed noi chdng bj pha huy' vd nhau khd xac djnh tfnh phan Idp. Da bj thach i n h hoa, serixit hoa manh.
Dac dilm dac trUng cda ddi la ed nhieu mang mach thach anh mang quang caxiterit (quang thiee) va ed xam tan khoang hoa sunfua (^irlf, aesenopyrit, chancopyrrt.-.-.)
Quy md cae mach thadh SfiN Idn nhd khdng deu, mach thudVTg day 1 ^ 20em, cd ndi dat den >1m, p.hd bien la mang mach thach anh nhd 1-^2 cm.
Ranh gidi tren va du^i cda ddi khoang hoa thudng gap f§
da phien thach anh - serixit bf thach anh hoa, serixit hoa, da bidn ddi thUdng cd mau trang xam, tfm nhat, phan Idp phan phien mdng, ciing, dai, dap khd vd.
Thanh phan thach h<§>§ 6 ^ thach anh hoa chd ydu la thach anh 80 4- 85%, serixit 10 -^15%; vat chat quang, hydroxyt sat, caxiterit ft.
The nam chung cda ddi khoang hoa phu hpp vdi the nam cda da vay quanh, gdc ddc cda da 20 ^ 25°. Chieu day eda ddi td" 10 H- 70mv trung binh 15m.
Quang thiee gde fi^
trong da phien thach anh^ - serixit- granit, da phien phyW, thach anh- biotit, thach anh-
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mica cd kep Idp mdng cat ket dang quaezit. Than quang cim thoai tii 15° ^ 25°. Theo dudng phUOng chieu day va ham lupng Sn bien ddi manh, day nha't 7,8m, mdng nha't 1,0m. Ham lupng thiee cao nhat 4,002%, tha'p nha't 0,1%.
Theo hudng ddc, than quang kha binh dn.
Trur lupng than quang 1 6\jgc danh gia la 396.437 tan quang, ham lupng trung binh 0,56% Sn, tru lUdng thiee 2.216 tan.
2. Hien trang khai thac a md Sudi Bac
Md thiee gde Sudi Bae 6Udc dUa vao khai thde tii nam 2006 vdi edng suat khai thac 25.600 tan quang nguyen khai va san lupng thiee kim loai thu 6[Jdc 100 ta'n/nam.
Than quang 1 cam thoai 15 - 25°, bj chia eat thanh 2 phan:
- Phan phfa Nam than quang nam tren ddi, Idp phd
1 0 - 15m, h e s d b d e K = 7,48 (m^/m^), quang nam ndng, dieu kien dja hinh eho phep khai thac Id thien.
- Phan phfa Bae cam sau vao trong ndi cd Idp phd 20-^50 m, than quang nam sau dudi md'e +600, da't da phd cd 66 edng f = 5H-7. Phan nay 6ildc thiet ke khai thac ham Id do he sd bdc qua Idn, khai thac Id thien khdng cd hieu qua.
Phan khai thac Id thien d md thiee gde Sudi Bac khdng phd'e tap. Hien trang khai thac ehi de cap de'n phan khai thac ham Id.
* Cdng tac md via va chuan bi
Do phan Idn than quang cd Id via va nam thoai 15 - 20°
cam vao ndi, via 6[tgc md bang Id bang (Id eai) di trong da, den khi gap quang tien hanh dao Id dpc via di trong quang.
Vj tri md via dau tien mufc +580, d mat cat dja cha't tuyen XIV. TCr vj tri nay md hao bang di trong da, sau dd dao Id bang dpc via va Id thUpng di trong quang thdng vdi mat da't de hinh thanh budng khai thac dau tien.
Phan trii lupng miic dUdi cda khd'i S-C, 6\jgc md via bang Id bang dpc via d cd't +574 va cac Id thUpng len miic +580 va thdng vdi Id mat da't.
Than quang dUpc chia theo dudng phuong bang cae Id dpc via. Dudng Id dpc via ed 1 vach bam theo mat phan each giOra da va quang de khdng che toan bp than quang.
Khoang each giua eae Id dpc via tfnh theo chieu nghieng 30-^
40m.
Tii cac Id bang dpc via md cac Id thupng (Id nghieng) di trong quang de thdng gid va chia than quang ra thanh cac khdi khai thac ed chieu dai 50H-60m. Ld bang va Id dpc via la dudng Id van ehuyen chfnh, ket hpp vdi thdng gid, thoat nude va ngudi di lai. Ld ed dang hinh thang can tiet dien sii dung 4,4m^, dupe chdng bang vi chd'ng gd, dudng godng van chuyen cd dudng 600mm. Dudng Id dupc chdng bang gd trdn khdng lien tue, eae vi chd'ng each nhau 0,7m dd'i vdi Id bang, dd'i vdi Id
thupng thdng gid budc chdng la 1m. Dudng Id dupc chd'ng ngay sau khi don sach dat da d gUdng Id.
Ld thUdng thdng gid 6dgc dao dang hinh thang can, cd tiet dien dao 3,68m^, 6\jgc chd'ng bang gd trdn khdng lien tuc.
* He thdng khai thac Dac diem than quang gdc Sudi Bae la cd chieu day trung binh 2,04m, thupe loai via mdng, the nam thoai (15-^
20°). Quang va da't da vay quanh yeu; quang thiee thudc loai quy. He thd'ng khai thac 6dgc ap dung la he thdng khai thac budng tru, chdng giU khoang khdng gian khai thac bang vi chd'ng go kieu cui Ipn.
Vdi he thd'ng khai thac nay, than quang theo dUdng phuong 6\jgc chia ra thanh cae budng khai thac bdi cac dudng Id bang dpc via va cae Id thupng (hinh 1).
* Cdng tac khau quang Sau khi dao xong Id thupng ehuyen sang dao Id cat de tao guong khai thac dau tien va tii Id eat tien hanh cdng tae khau quang. Quang 6ijgc kha'u bang khoan nd min vdi chieu cao budng khai thac bang chieu day Idp quang, dao ddng tii 1,5-^4m. Tai cdc khu viic quang cd chieu day bien ddi cue bp Idn hdn 2,0m tien hanh kha'u quang theo 2 phan Idp. Thiet bj khoan la bua khoan khf nen cam tay ma hieu Y-18, tao 16 khoan dUdng kfnh 36-H40mm. Thudc nd la loai AD1, kfp nd va day chay cham.
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Hinh 1. Sa dd he thdng khai thac tai mo thiee gdc Sudi Bac 1- Lo xuyen via 4- Vi chd'ng (tru bao ve) 2- Ld doc via van chuySn; 5- Guang khai thac 3- Ld doc via thdng gid; 6- Da vach, tru Quang khai thac theo Idp
dai ngang tii tren xudng dudi.
Chieu rpng dai ngang la 5m.
Dudng goong 6dgc dat dpc dai ngang da khau quang xong. Quang sau khi nd min dupc xdc thd cdng vao godng dung tfch 0,5m^, sau dd dung tdi quay tay de dUa godng xudng dudng Id dpc via van tai va da'y tay ra ngoai ed'a Id. d nhuhg budng khai thac ed chieu eao <1,8m, thdng godng 6Udc thay the bang thdng ehuyen dung ed chieu eao tha'p hdn thung godng. Theo d 5 x 5m, chdng giuf khoang khdng gian khai thac bang cui Ipn kfeh thude 2 x 2m. Cdc vi chdng cui Ipn ed the 6dgc thay the bang cae tru bao ve tCr quang ngheo hoac da khdng
quang (xac djnh trong qua trinh khai thac), kfeh thudc tru bao ve khdng nhd hOn 2 x 2m.
Trinh tu khai thac trong edng mpt tang la tCr ngoai vao trong, theo chieu sau tCr tren xud'ng dudi.
Khf nen 6\tgc cap tCr may nen khf P250WD (My) cd luu lupng 7,1 m^/ph theo dudng dng thep ma kem, chju ap liic.
Thdng gid theo so 66 thdng gid day. Quat thdng gid ditgc ddng la quat CBM - 5M 6\jgc dat d ciia Id. Khdng khf sach cd ap sua't dupc dUa vao qua cac dudng Id va thoat ra qua eae thupng thdng gid.
Nude md dupc thoat tU chay theo dudng Id dpc via ra ngoai Id.
Viec ap dung he thdng khai thac budng tru, chd'ng gid' khoang khdng gian khai thac bang vi chdng gd kieu cOi Ipn hien tai d md la kha phd hpp vdi eae khd'i khai thac nhd le.
Tuy nhien, do trOr lupng eae khd'i khai thac qua nhd, thdi gian khai thde ehi tren dudi 6 thang, ranh gidi eae khd'i khai thac lai ehua xac djnh 6\jgc ro rang nen edng nghe khai thac chd yeu la thd edng, dao Id dpc theo via de xac djnh ranh gidi quang va lay quang din den khd'i lupng met Id ehua'n bj Idn, kha nang thu hdi quang tha'p do phai de lai quang trong cae tru bao ve Id dpc via va IP thupng, cdng viec khai thac thd cdng nang nhpc va nang sua't tha'p. Ngoai ra, tieu hao gd chdng cho vl chd'ng cui Idn kha Idn va gd chd'ng d i bj phan hdy do dieu kien a'm udt trong budng khai thac.
Mdt khd khan ludn tdn tai trong qua trinh khai thac la do than quang nam trong ddi khoang hda cd chieu day Idn va ed thanh phan vat cha't gidng nhau nen viec xac djnh ranh gidi than quang trong ddi chi ed the bang each la'y mau, nhung viec lay mau khdng 6dgc tien hanh thudng xuyen va kjp thdi do thieu ngudi la'y mlu ndi rieng va can bp ky thuat khai thac ndi chung.
Quang khai thac bj lam ngheo dan den ehi phf khai thac va tuyen quang Idn. Van de thu hdt liic lupng can bd khoa hpc ky thuat ddi vdi mpt md ed dieu kien di lai va lam viec khd khan nhu md Sudi Bae la van de nan giai can dupe giai quyet.
(Tiep theo d trang 48)
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- Tieu hao keo tu: 823 kg/nam
Khi chat lUpng than don xd, ba sang vao day chuyen sang - tuyen cd dp tro khoang 43,6%, du kien can bang cac san pham tuyen dUde tdng hdp trong bang 3.
ill. Ket luan
1. Vdi cong nghe sang, che bien than la sang kho tach cam, than cap hat +50 mm dupe nhSt tay than cue, than don xP ca'p hat -50mm dupc nghien pha trpn hoSe danh ddng, cong nghe nay chi phu hpp vdi nang sua't san lupng tha'p, cac he thdng sang chi cd chdc nang phan loai ma khong the tuyen nang cao chat lupng, cap hat (15-50)mm khong dupc xd' ly triet de se phat sinh ra mpt lupng than don XO tdn dpng ngay cang Idn vi
san lupng khai thac than nguyen khai ngay cang tang. De giai quyet va'n de tan thu va nang cao chat lupng than, nang cao nang luc san xua't than thUdng pham phuc vu. tieu thu trong nudc va xuat khau cua Cong ty than Uong Bf viec dau tU xay dung mpt day chuyen thiet bj tuyen than la rat can thiet va cap bach.
2. Nghien ciiu de xua't xay dung mpt day chuyen thiet bj cong nghe tuyen than cue trong than don xP, tai mat bang +142 khu Uong ThUpng - Uong Bf cd cong sua't 400.000 ta'n/nam bang cong nghe huyen phu tang quay. Cong nghe tuyen huyen phu tang quay cd nhieu Uu diem so vdi cac loai thiet bj tuyen khac la cd the tuyen dupe loai than cd tfnh kha tuyen thay ddi den khd tuyen, tuyen dupc
than cd t^ le da cao, san pham cd the dat dupe chat lupng tuy theo yeu cau cda khach hang, than sach ed chat lUpng eao.
Cong nghe tuyen huyen phu tang quay da dupc ap dung kha rpng rai d cac md than vung Quang Ninh nhU: Mao Khe, Nam Mau, Cpc sau, Deo Nai.
Thiet bj cong nghe ddn gian de van hanh, toan bp trang thiet bj cong nghe co the chd dpng che tao trong nUdc mang lai hieu qua Idn eho nganh than./.
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Du an "Dau tU xay diing day chuyen sang tuyen than cue trong than don xo tai Bai che bien than Uong Thupng - Cong ty TNHH MTV than Uong Bf- TKV" - Vien KHCN Md 2010./.
Hien trang khai tliac A mo tliiec SuoiDac...
(Tiep theo trang 43 ) 3. Mpt sd giai phap nang cao hieu qua khai thac ham 16 a md thiee Suoi Bac
- Can tien hanh tham dd ehi tiet trudc khi dUa khd'i trii lupng vao khai thac de cd the td chd'e khai thac theo he thdng, cd dieu kien ed gidi hda dam bao nang sua't khai thac eao va dieu kien thdng gid thuan Ipi. Can han che tien tdi loai bd kieu khai thac dao Id la'y quang.
- Td ehiie viec la'y mau thudng xuyen va kjp thdi de xae djnh chfnh xae ranh gidi than quang trong ddi khodng hda, giam miie 66 l l n da't da vao quang.
- Nghien edU de ed gidi hoa mpt sd khau trong khai thac de nang eao nang sua't va eai thien dieu kien lao dpng cho cdng nhan khai thac nhu s i i dung may eao kha'u quang, s i i dung may khoan t i i hanh, s i i dung vi chdng thdy luc don thay cho vl chd'ng cui Ipn ...
- Td chd'e khai thac lai eae tru bao ve de tang kha nang thu hdi quang, khai thac triet de
tai nguyen.
- Nghien cdu thay ddi he thd'ng khai thac tCf he thd'ng budng tru, chd'ng giur khoang khdng gian khai thac bang vi chdng gd kieu cui Ipn sang he thdng khai thac de lai tru bao ve tam thdi, sau dd thu hdi quang t i i eae tru bao ve ket hpp chd'ng gUOng khai thac bang vi chdng thdy lUe don de giam tieu hao gd chdng.
- Cd chfnh sach thu hut can bp lam cdng tac ky thuat, edng nghe d khu viic mien ndi de dam bao quan ly td't cdng tae khai thac.
Cdng nghe khai thac ham Id md quang thiee gde Sudi Bac cdn nhieu tdn tai can khac phuc.
Can dau t u eho edng tac tham dd ehi tiet de xae djnh chfnh xae ranh gidi than quang va phan chia thanh eae khd'i khai thac Idn de cd the ed gidi hda cac edng doan khai thac. Can uu tien viec hien dai hda edng nghe khai thac tai eae md quang ham Id ndi chung vd d md Sudi Bac ndi rieng bao gdm eo gidi tCmg phan va tien tdi ddng bp eae khau ddo Id, kha'u quang, van tai... nham nang cao nang sua't lao dpng, giam tdn tha't, giam gia thanh khai thac va dam bao dieu kien lam viec an toan cho ngUdi va thiet bj./.
FiKf KHCNM SO 7/2010* CN T U Y £ N C H £ BifiN THAN, KHOANG SAN
