riCH - NHAN DINH - DW B A O
Phat trien kinhte tri thiJc
trong boi canh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa d Viet Nam
* • LE HANH VAN*
Trong bdi canh tosin c i u hoa ngay nay, kmh t^tri thi}c dang din trd thanh m$t khai ni^m phd biS'n, difgTc nhilu qud'c gia tr§n th^'gidi li^a chpn lam dinh \ni6ng x&y d\fag chid'n luf^c phat trien. D^c bi$t, Cach mang Cdng nghidp 4.0 dang diln ra m^nh me tr&n thd' gidi va tai Viet Nam da gop pliln thuc d^y si^ biing nS trong sang t^o va phat tri^n vtng dyng tri thi2c trong mpi Hnh vi^c, nSi bSt nhij: cdng ngh$ thdng tin, tri tu$ nhdn t^o, nang l i f ^ g s^ch, cdng ngh$ sinh hpc, vSt li^u m^.. Di cung suf phat tri^n nay, n i n kinh td'trong va ngoai mi6c dang din thay d^i s§u sac, toan di^n, chuydn dich tuf kinh t^ cong ngliiep sang ldnh td'tri thitc; tu^ phat tridn san xuS't iSy Iao ddng va tai nguydn thidn nhidn lam nin tang sang chu y^u di^a vao tri thii'c; tuf n i n van minh cdng nghidp sang nin v&n minh tri tud va tuf nen kinh td'khep kin sang n i n kinh td'md. Tuf thifc tiln nay da cho thd'y, sijf lidn quan m^t thid't giiTa qu^ trinh cdng nghidp hda, hifn dai hoa (CNH, HDH) va siX phat tridn cua n i n kinh td'tri thij'c.
KINH T | TRI THLTC VA CNH, HDH - GIA TRI PHAT TRIEN COT LOI TRONG THCJl DAI MCfl
Difdi sif tSe d6ng manh me cua khoa hpe va cong nghe hien dai, tri thiJc ng&y e&ng phat huy vai tt6 quan ttgng va kha nang mang lai hieu qua kinh t^ sSu r6ng ddi vdi tS^t cd cdc nganh ngh^, Imh vtfc san xuat vh dieh vu thufdng mai. Dae bidt, ttong b6'i cdnh nifdc ta dang thtfe hien CNH, HDH, tti thtJc va stf sSng tao cua eon ngtf&i da trfi thanh nen ting tien quyet cho stf phat trien c6ng ngh$, khoa hpc, ky thuat. Do dd, song song vdi qua trinh CNH, HDH 1^ stf hinh th&nh td't yd'u cua nen kinh te tri thifc tten the' gidi. Hai khai ni6m ndy khong the tdch rdi khi mSi qu6c gia mudn htfdng ddn stjf phdt tri^n bin vffng va tim nhin chidn ltfdc cho ttfdng lai, vdn m6nh eiia minh.
Vai tto cua kinh te tri thife da dtfdc xdc dinh ro tai Bdo cdo chinh tri cua Ban ChSp hdnh Trung tfdng Dang khda IX tai Dai hpi dai bieu toan qud'c lan thiJ X cua Dang la "yi'u to quan trpng cua nin kinh ti'vd cdng nghiip hod, hien dai hda". Viec gan phdt tridn kinh td tri thifc vdi qud ttinh CNH, HDH la ed sd nhd't quan da dtfdc Ddng ta khang dinh mpt lan nffa tai Bdo edo ehinh tri cua Ban Chd'p hanh Trung tfdng Dang khda X tai Dai hdi dai bidu toan qude l l n thif XI cua Dang:
"Phdt trien kinh te tri thdc tren ca sd phdt trien gido due, ddo tpo, khoa hpc, cdng ngh$; xdy dytng ddng bp ca sd hp tdng khoa hpc, cdng ngh$, trude het Id cdng
nghe thdng tin, truyen thdng, cdng nghi tu ddng, ndng cao ndng lUc nghien cdu - dng dung gdn vdi phdt trien ngudn nhdn lUc ehdt lupng cao". Ttf djnh htfdng ndy.
Dang ta da eho th^y, stf h$ thd'ng vd btfdc phdt trien mdi ttong ttf duy khi xac dinh rd chO trtfdng vd ke hoaeh phdt trien kinh te tri thiJe Id iSy phdt trien nguon nhdn life chat Itfdng eao ldm n i n tdng.
Cung theo Bdo edo chinh tri cfia Ban Chd'p hanh Trung tfdng Dang khda X tai Dai hdi dai bidu todn qude lan thif XI, Dang ta da nhd'n manh; "phdt trien manh khoa hoc, edng nghi ldm ddng luc ddy nhanh qud trinh cdng nghiip hda, hiin dpi hda, phdt trien kinh te tri thdc, gdp phdn tang nhanh ndng sudt, chdt lUpng hiiu qud, site canh tranh eUa nin kinh te, suphdt triin nhanh, ben vdng cua ddt nudc". Vdi muc tieu ro rdng ndy, mpt lln nffa ehung ta thSy dtfdc dinh htfdng chidn ltfdc cfla Ddng ttong viee tdi cd cCu nin kinh te, chuyen ddi md hinh tdng trtfdng tif phdt ttidn theo chieu rpng sang phdt trien hdi hda giffa chieu rpng vd chidu sdu, chu trpng ndng cao hieu qud lihg dung khoa hpe, ky thudt ldm ydu tdndng edt phdt ttidn kinh te.
'Tong cyc Hai quan
Khde vdi nhOtag mo hinh kinh te khde, kinh td tri thiJc la ndn kinh td khuydn khich sif dung tti thifc Id nhan td chfi yeu cho stf tdng trtfdng, tao ra cua cai, viec lam, sdn ph^m khoa hpc vd edng ngM eao. Do dd, vdi tinh eh^t dge thO Id tdc dp tang tttfdng nhanh ehdng, tde dpng ldn ddn ndn kinh te' qude ddn, cd kha nang tdi tao vd sdn sinh lien tiie, khai thae tri thifc nhdn loai nhdm thay the cho ngudn tdi nguydn thidn nhien dang din can kidt; cac ngdnh cong nghd cao khdng nhifng lam gia tdng viit ehdt, ma con md rdng sife manh tri tud. Trong thdi dai mdi, ddnh gid stf ben vffng eua mdt nen kinh te' se din khdng cdn dtfa vao gid tri tai nguydn thidn nhidn hay cdc cua eai vdt chdt khae, khi ma hdm Itfdng tti thtfe ^n chffa ttong cac sdn ph^m, dieh vii mdi la yeu td' tien quydt hdng dau, dieu xae dinh mpt qudc gia cd hay khdng dat ddn trtnh dp kinh te tri thffc. Qua moi ky Dai hpi cua Dang, nhdn thffc vd ttf duy eua Ddng ta ve kinh td' tti thtfe cdng ttd nen hodn thidn va nhay h6n hdn khi dd cdp ddn bidn phdp, each thffc. Id tnnh phdt ttidn kinh td' tti thffc thdng qua ehu trtfdng g^n kd't chat ehe CNH, HDH vdi kinh td tti thffc. Ld trinh phdt trien tuan ttf ke't hdp vdi vide thue day, t$p trung ngudn Itfc d l u trf eong nghe cao vao nhftig Unh vifc, nganh nghe cd san didu kidn dd tdng tttfdng nhanh chdng, nhtf:
ndng nghidp, gia edng san xudt, may mae...
Tri thffc vd edng nghd cfia nhdn loai ludn thay ddi va dtfdc thay thd nhanh chdng bdi tti thffc vd edng nghd mdi.
Do dd, khi todn elu hod kinh td dang la xu the tat ydu vd khdeh quan, thi ddy la didu ki^n thudn ldi dd Viet Nam tidp tiiu nhffng tiidnh ttfu idioa hpc vd cdng nghd mdi nhdm ndng eao kha ndng tiiich nghi vdi xu htfdng phat trien hidn dai. Trong bdi cdnh hien nay, nhffng tid'n bd vd khoa hpc va cdng nghd Id stf md rdng efia ffng dung tii tiiffe va tang ctfdng hdp tdc phdt tridn giffa cdc qudc gia va cic td chffc qudc td. Theo dd, thdng qua vide tiiam gia tich ctfc vdo xu thd' phdt ttidn ndy, Vidt Nam se khdng ehi nhanh ehdng tidp edn vdi tri thrfe nhdn loai, md eon tao ra mdi trtfdng eanh ttanh tieh ctfc, dpng Itfc thuc day srf sdng tao ttong ntfdc. Trong qud Uinh ti^ifc hidn CNH, HDH dat nrfdc, ehung ta ed tiie dd dang nhdn ra rSng, vide tid'p c|n, drfa cdc sdn phim khoa hpc vd cdng nghd eao vdo ffng dung ttong nen kinh te Vidt Nam khdng cdn
la mOt vdn dd qud mdi me thdng qua vide thu hut ede nhd dlu trf nrfdc ngodi, cde edng ty cong nghd qudc td gia nhdp thi trrfdng ttong nrfdc. Tuy nhidn, vide sd hffu vd ldm chfi cdc cdng nghd ndy lai Id mdt vdn dd khde dat ra nhieu thdch thffc eho doanh nghidp vd Chinh phu Vidt Nam. Dd xff ly "bdi todn" nay, ehung ta cin nhan thffc sdu sae hdn ve y nghia cua viec dau trf eho phdt tridn ndng Irfc sang tao cfia mdi ngrfdi dan vd eua ea he thdng chinh tri vi ehi khi ehung ta theo kip tri thffc cua nhdn loai, thi mdi ed thd ttf minh vdn hdnh drfdc ndn kinh td tri thffc mdt each bdn vffng va hi$u qud.
N H C T N G T H A C H ^ T H C C TRONG QUA TRINH XAY DLfNG KINH TE TRI THUC TAI VIET NAM
Qud trtnh toan cau hda va hdi nhap kinh te' tai Viet Nam ngdy cdng dien ra manh me vd lan tda khi vide thu hiit FDI vd gid tri xudt - nhdp kh£u ludn tdng eao hdn hang ndm. Tuy nhidn, doanh nghidp ndi dia lai ehtfa dat dtfde ttinh dd edng nghd trfdng xdng, ehfi ye'u van diteg d phdn khuc thaip ttong chudi gia tri todn ciu. Theo Diln dan Kinh td thd gidi (WEF), Chi sd sdng tao toan elu nam 2019 cua Vidt Nam xdp thff 42/129 nen kinh td - la ehi sd'dtfng thtf 3 ttong khdi ASEAN, sau Singapore va Malaysia. Tuy nhien, d mdt khia eanh khde, cung theo Didn dan Kinh td tiid gidi (WEF), thi Chi sd canh ttanh todn cau ndm 2019 efia Vidt Nam chi dihig thrf hang 67/141 ndn kinh td vdi 61,5 diem, tdng 10 bdc so vdi ndm 2018; nhrfng chi xdt ridng ttong khd'i ASEAN, thi vdi thrf hang ndy, Vidt Nam mdi chi drfng cao hdn Ldo, Campuchia vd Myanmar. Nhfllig chi sd ndy tuy ed the khdng phdi la quy chuan tham chidu dd ddnh gid tdng thd n i n kinh te Vi$t Nam, nhtfng ehiing eung dat ra mdt vd'n d l khde v l khodng ttdng giffa nang Irfc sdng tao vd kha nang canh ttanh efia nen kinh td nrfdc ta ttong bd'i canh hdi nhdp hidn nay. Phdi chdng khd nang sang tao ttong nrfdc tuy cd, nhtfiig chtfa drfdc phat trien dung cdch dd bid'n chffng thdnh sffe manh canh ttanh cfia qudc gia tten thi trffdng qudc td? Tff thtfe tiln ndy cd thd thdy, Viet Nam dang chiu anh htfdng ddng thdi ca thu|n ldi vd tiideh thffe tif lan sdng hOi nhdp, phdt trien kinh td tri thffe tten toan cau. ChJ khi ldm ro vd cd kd hoaeh khac phue dtfdc nhffng han chd, tiidch tiiffe ndy, thi Viet Nam mdi cd the khdng de Id mdt cd hdi thiie ddy phdt trien mdt ndn kinh td tri thffc, theo kip sff tdng trffdng manh me eua ede n i n kinh td khde.
Cdch mang Cdng nghidp 4.0 lam tiiay ddi nhanh ehdng cd cau thi trtfdng lao dpng va cdch quan tii he thdng ngudn nhdn life khi viec ffng dung cdng nghp cao vao cdc ngdnh san xuat vd dich vu dang ttd thdnh mdt xu the'cua thdi dai. Lao dpng thfi cong se din dffdc thay thd' bdi cdc he tiidng ttf dpng hod va tri tud nhan tao. Theo dd, xu thd' nay ddn ddn vide nen kinh td ddi h6i srf dung nhdn life tnnh dd cao de tao ra cac sdng ehd mdi, phdt minh mdi va gid tri mdi. Tuy nhien, dilu ndy eung se tao ra nhieu dp life dd'i vdi tiii trrfdng lao ddng, dac bidt Id vdi ede qudc gia dang phdt trien nhtf Vi$t Nam, tinh ttang that nghiep se ttd nen phd bidn, stf phan hod giffa
15
TICH - NHAM D!NH - DCf BAO
nhdm lao ddng cd ky nang cao va nhdm lao dpng co ky nang thdp se ngay cdng sdu rdng. Tinh ttang ndy se ldm md't cdn bdng ttong cd cd'u thi trtfdng lao ddng khid'n nen kinh td' qude gia ttd nen de bi tdn thffdng trtfdc yeu ciu ldn v l hdm Irfdng tri thffe ttong mpi Enh vrfc, ngdnh ng- h i , dac bidt dtfdi tdc ddng cua Cdch mang Cdng nghidp 4.0. Ngodi ra, finh ttang dtf thffa lao ddng eung tao ra eae dp Itfc Idn cde vd'n de an sinh xa hdi, phuc ldi khde cung nhtf tdc dd phat trien kinh td ndi chung, khd tao ddng life eho viec xay dffng kinh td tri thffc.
Thtfc td, phin ldn GDP cua nrfdc ta Id tiiu drfde tif ede nganh sdn xua't chffa diftig it ham Iffdng tri thffc cao, nhrf: khai thdc tai nguydn thidn nhien va cdng nghidp chd bid'n... Vi vdy, dd thay ddi ban ehat cua nin kinh te da tdn tai co hd thdng nhieu nam nay, cin thifc hidn tai ed cau khong chi nen kinh td, md con ea nen tang phdt tridn gido due, chinh sdch, phdp ludt, dinh hrfdng ffhg dung khoa hpc - ky thudt vao mpi mat ddi sdng. Ddy Id mpt thaeh thffe vd eiing to idn ttong qud tiinh xdy dtfng nen tdng phdt trien kinh tdtri thffe tai Vidt Nam khi phdi thtfc hidn ddng bd hdng loat ede eai each phffc tap va vT md ndy. Trong khi ehiing ta phai flm kid'm cdc gidi phdp ddng bd, thi nhieu ntfdc phdt trien dd cham ddn nen kinh td' tri thffe. Stf chdnh Idch ttong tdc dd phat tridn nay dd ddng khidn cae ntfdc dang phdt trien, ttong dd cd Vidt Nam, phdi ddi didn vdi nguy cd tut hdu ldn. Theo dd, ttong tiidi dai ngdy nay, srf khde biet ldn nha't giffa cae qude gia chinh la stf each biet ve tri thffc va thach thffc ldn nha't cfia chung ta la vrfdt qua sff edeh bidt ndy.
Kinh td' tti thffe Id stf phdt triln ndng eao efia mdt ndn kinh td dn dinh. Vdi flnh hinh thtfe te hien nay, nen kinh td tai Viet Nam cdn tdn tai mdt sd vd'n d l ldn, nhtf: ty Id nd cdng, thdm hut ngdn sdeh nhd nrfde cao, doanh nghidp ttong nrfdc ehfi yeu la doanh nghiep nho va vffa, trinh dp cdng nghd tha'p, cdn phu thupc nhilu vdo vdn dau trf ntfdc ngoai..., thi vide dat drfdc kinh td' tii tiiffe Id mdt thdch thffe ldn.
Ben eanh do, theo kinh nghiem cfia cae nffde phdt trien tten the gidi, thi giai doan phdt trien bung nd, vtfdt qua bay thu nhdp trung binh thrfdng didn ra ttong thdi 1^ ddn sd' vdng. Tuy Vidt Nam hidn dang trong thdi kJ ndy, nhtfng nd eung dtfde dtf bdo ed kha ndng se kd't thffe sdm do qud trtnh thtfe hien eae ehinh sdch kiem sodt dan so' nhilu nam va stf thay ddi ttong ldi sdng, ttf duy v l cdc van d l hdn nhan, gia dinh eua ngtfdi dan ttong ddi sd'ng hidn dai ngay nay. Cu the, ngay 28/4/2020 vffa qua, Thfi trfdng Chinh phfi da ban hanh Quydt dinh sd588/QD-TTg phd duydt "Chrfdng trtnh dilu chinh mffc sinh phd hdp ede vung, ddi tffdng de'n nam 2030" nh&m khuyd'n khich vide kd't hdn trtfdc nam 30 tudi vd ndng mrfc sinh. Tff dd, cd thd thay, nguy cd thdi ky ddn sd vdng se sdm kd't thuc la thtfe stf hidn hflu, de dpa qud trtnh phdt ttidn kinh td tai Vipt Nam.
Dac bidt, dd'i vdi stf ddi hdi ldn v l vide tie'p can edng nghe cao cfia mdt nin kinh tdtri thffc, thi viec thidu hut life Itfdng lao dpng tie se lam kha ndng ffng dung khoa hpc - ky thudt trong mpi ngdnh nghe, ITnh vffc sdn xudt ttd nen kdm hidu qua vd ehdm chap hdn, cdng ldm gia
tdng khoang cdch phat tiidn giffa Viet Nam va cdc nffdc khde.
Nghi quydt sd 52-NQ/TW, ngdy 27/9/2019 eua Bd Chinh tii v l mOt sd ehu trtfdng, chinli sdch ehu dpng tham gia cudc Cdch mang Cdng nghiep lan thrf ttf da d l ra muc tidu tdng quat dd la:
"phdt trien manh me kinh ti'so; plidt triin nhanh va ben vdng dua trin khoa hpc - cdng nghi, ddi mdi sdng tgo vd nhdn lite chdt lupng eao". Trong dd, mdt sd mtic tieu cu till den nam 2025 ndu: "Duy tri xep hgng ve ehi so doi mdi sdng tpo todn cdu (Gil) thudc 3 nUdc ddn ddu ASEAN";
"Internet bdng thdng rdng phu 100% cdc xd" vd "Thudc nhdm bdn nUdc ddn ddu ASEAN trong xep hang chinh phu diin td theo ddnh gid cHa Liin hpp qud'c ". Thdng qua Nghi quydt ndy cd the thd'y, xuydn sudt tff mue tidu tdng qudt den mue tidu eu thd, Bd Chinh tri da the hien quyet tdm manh me ttong vide phdt trien vd ffng dung khoa hpc va cdng nghd, ddc biet Id ttong ITnh vifc cdng nghd thdng tin. Cdng nghd thdng tin cung la Hnh vtfc ehinh tao ra ede sdn pham cdng nghe sd, tri tue nhan tao - Id nhan td dai didn tidu bieu cho mdt nin kinh td' tri thffe.
Tuy nhidn, theo Bp Thdng tin va Truyen thdng, ttong 50.000 cff nhan cdng nghd thdng tin tdt nghiep moi ndm, chi khoang 30% sd ndy se xin dffdc vide ldm ngay, edn 70% phdi tham gia ddo tao lai (D§ng Chung, 2019). Sd lieu nay phdn dnh manh me mpt thffc td tai Vidt Nam ve stf chenh lech ttong edng tde gido due vdi nhu elu vd k^* vpng thtfc te cfia thi trrfdng lao dpng. 70% sinh vien tdt nghiep phdi tham gia dao tao lai, ddc biet ttong iTnh vrfc cdng nghd thdng tin la mdt con sd' ddng suy nglm vd ddt ra nhilu thdch thffc ttong kd hoaeh hodn thdnh ede mue tidu d l ra tai Nghi quydt sd 52-NQ/TW cung nhtf tiieo kip tdc dd phat trien cdng nghd sd tten the' gidi.
Tff thife ttang ndy cd tiid tiidy, ede ngdnh dai dien cho nen kinh td'tri thffc hay edn dffdc gpi Id ede ngdnh edng nghd eao, trong dd cd cdng nghd thdng tin ddng vai ttd tru cpt cdt ldi tao ndn nen kinh td tri thffc bin vihig. Trong thdi dai eua cdng nghd, hdn bao gid het tri thffc ttd thdnh sffc manh ndi Irfc, Id lpi the canh tranh efia mdi qudc gia vd Id sffc hfit chu yeu eua ngo?i life. Stf tiiieu hut ngudn nhdn life ehat Itfdng eao vd hdm Itfdng tri thffc ldn ttong mpi ITnh vtfc nganh nghi, ddp tfng drfdc ede tidu chuan qudc te Id mdt
-TEMt
ttong cde can ttd ldn nhat ttong vide gay difng mdt mdi tiifdng sang tao nhdm tao ddng life eanh ttanh vd thu hut dlu tff cho phdt tridn kinh td tai Viet Nam ttong thdi kJ k^ nguydn sd'.
GlAl P H A P VA DINH Hl/CfNG PljAT TRIEN TRONG XAY DgNG NEN KINH TE TRI THLfC
De phdt ttidn kinh td' phu hdp vdi xu thd qude te', dae bidt, htfdng tdi ndn kinh td tti thffe nhdm giiip Vidt Nam ttf minh ldm ehfi cdng nghd, ed du khd nang eanh ttanh cdng bdng ttong bdi ednh hdi nhdp todn ciu, thi vide phdi hdp cdc gidi phap cdi cdch todn didn nhilu ITnh vtfc ttong qud ttinh CNH, HDH la hdt srfe ein thiet, cu thd tdp trung vdo cdc van de sau:
Mdt Id, ddi mdi tU duy theo kip xu the thdi dpi. Khi tiid gidi dang chuydn sang phrfdng thffc phdt trien thdng qua viee khai thdc tti tu$ nhdn Ioai thay eho ngudn tai nguyen thidn nhidn ed sdn vd se d i n can kidt, thi vide eoi ttpng ddi ngu tti thffe Id tai sdn cd't ldi cfia ddt nffde drfdc coi la phff hdp vdi trf duy chung cfia tiid gidi. Anh htfdng sau rdng cfia vdn de ndy len srf phdt ttidn kinh td - xa hdi Id ydu elu doi hdi Chinh phfi vd mpi ngrfdi dan Vidt Nam cin quan tdm hdn nfla dd'n vide nudi dtfdng vd phdt tiien ndng Itfc sdng tao, ndng cao hi tiiffc trd thdnh sffe manh eanh tranh cfia qudc gia. Vide thay d i i ttf duy v l phat tiien tri thffc nhtf mOt tru cdt cdt ldi efia nin kinh td se gidp tidn trtnh ddi mdi todn didn nhieu linh vffc ttd nen tiirfc tidn va phO hdp vdi nhu elu efia thi tttfdng ttong ntfdc va qude tdhdn. Khi tam quan trpng eua tri tiirfe ttong phdt ttidn kinh td drfdc ddnh gid dung mrfc se tao ndn tdng tiiuan ldi eho vide ddi mdi
Thuc tien da cho thSy SIT lign quan mat thiet
^Qa qua trinh CNH, HDH va s\r phat trien ciia n^n kinh te tri thiic
md hinh tdng trtfdng, xdy difng qudc gia hpe tdp, phdt tridn ha ting thdng tin, hd thd'ng ddi mdi sdng tao.
Hai la, thuc hiin cdc gidi phdp cdi cdch chd tntang, hi thdng chinh sdch. Trong qud trtnh thtfc hidn CNH, HDH dd't ntfdc kdt hdp hdi nhdp kmh td, vide hodn thidn tidu chl ntfdc edng nghidp hidn dai Id can thiet nh^m ldm rd cdc tidu ehi danh gid mrfc dd hdi nhdp qude td, mffc dd phat tridn xa hdi va tdng trrfdng kinh te. Ngoai ra, Vidt Nam can hoan thidn the chd kinh te thi tttfdng nham tao mdi trrfdng phdp Iy ldnh manh, phu hdp vdi cae cam kd't qude td, tiiffc dly ddi mt5i ttf duy, sang tao, phdt huy t i m quan ttpng efia khoa hpc vd cdng nghd nhdm khuydn khich phdt trien rfng dung tri thrfe vdo eae linh vrfc cdng nghe cao. Ben eanh dd, ein tdp trung dtfa ra cdc gidi phdp ddng bd de tdi cd edu ndn kinh td' theo htfdng gia tdng gid tri ede ngdnh nghd, ITnh vrfc san xuat vd dieh vu fi^g dung khoa hpc, ky thuat, eong nghd mdi ttd thdnh nhdn td mui nhpn phdt tridn nin kinh te'. Song song vdi dd la vide quyet lidt cat gidm cdc kd hoach, drf an dlu ttf khdng hidu qua nham huy ddng todn bd ngudn life tdp tmng cho phat trien ede Rnh vrfc edng nghd eao khai thde tri thrfc ttong phrfdng thrfc quan IJ van hdnh vd sff dung.
Hd thdng chinh sach eung ean xem xet viee tang ctfdng cdc bidn phdp gia tang gid tri cho n i n kinh te qude gia, ddc bidt trtfdc ldn sdng canh ttanh cua ede ntfdc tten thdgidi, nhrf: han chd khai thde vd xud't khiu tai nguyen thd; tidp thu khoa hpe vd edng nghd dtfa vdo rfng dung npi dia, thay vi sff dting cdc san phan ehd bid'n sdn hay nhtf thu hut vdn dlu ttf ntfdc ngodi phai di kdm vdi chuyen giao cdng nghe, tap ttung dlu ttf phdt ttidn gido due vd ddo tao. Ngoai ra, de viec ffng dung khoa hpe vd cdng nghd ttd nen cd tdc dpng sau rdng, lan tda, thi vide nay phdi dtfdc thtfc hidn ding bd, cd hd thdng, cu thd bat ddu bang vide day nhanh xdy dittig Chlnh phfi dien tff de bd mdy chinh tri hoat ddng hidu life, hidu qua hdn nffa.
Vide Chinh phu trien khai cdc gidi phdp edi thidn mdi trffdng phdp ly va hd thdng quan trj cdng ndy cung giiip phdt huy dan ehfi, tao ra hinh anh mpt nin kinh td ldnh manh, hd'p ddn vdi ngtfdi lao dpng vd doanh nghiep ttong, ngodi ntfdc. Dilu ndy gifip khuyd'n khieh
TICH - NHAM D!MH - DCT BAO
phat trien tii thffc mdi thdng qua viec phan bidn vd ttanh luan cdi md.
Ba Id, hodn thi$n thi che kinh tethi trudng, dSi mdi phuang thdc quan ly kink te. Khoa hpc vd cdng nghe chi ed thd phdt trien manh me, sau rdng ttong mpt nen kinh td'thi trtfdng hodn thidn. Trdn ndn tdng do, ldnh td tii thffc mdi thffc sff dffdc hinh thdnh va dem lai gia tri eho dat nrfde. Vide hodn thien the chd kinh te tiii trrfdng la ttpng ttdeh cua Chinh phfi ttong vide bao hd quyen sd hflu cfia ngrfdi ddn va doanh nghiep, tao mdi trrfdng ttf do kinh doanh, eanh ttanh binh dang, bdo dam eong khai, minh bach. Stf can thidp bang chinh sdch ndy phai dam bdo dtfa tten nguyen tac thi trrfdng, nhrfng khdng ttai vdi quy ludt thi trrfdng giup dn dinh thi trrfdng theo htfdng cong bang, dan ehfi, van minh, lam nen tdng cho vide khuyen khich phdt tridn kinh tdtri thffc.
Ddi mdi quan 1^ kinh td theo hrfdng qudn IJ tri thffe vd qudn IJ dtfa ttdn tri thffc nhdm tao ddng Itfc sang tao, phdt tridn kidn thffc mdi, ndng cao gia tri ngudn life tti tu6. Theo dd, qua trinh hinh thdnh kinh te tri thffe ddi hdi vai ttd, chffc nang cua Chinh phu cin dffdc chuydn tff kidm sodt sang dinh htfdng phat tridn, nudi dffdng cdc nhdn td mdi vd khdi gdi sff sdng tao. Do dd, vide thidt ldp mdt hd thdng doi mdi, sdng tao ddng ho ttong nen kinh te se giup tang tinh lien kdt giffa ddo tao, khoa hpc vd cdng nghd vd sdn xudt, ldnh doanh.
Didu ndy thiic dly qud trinh eai edeh, phdt tridn mdi trtfdng nghien ctfu cdng nghe cao, cac quy dau ttf mao hidm, qudc gia khdi nghidp nham lan tda ldn sdng khai thdc vd ifng dung tri thrfe vdo thiie dly kinh td ttong ntfdc, ndng eao vj thd eanh ttanh tai thi trtfdng qude te.
Bdn la, md rdng ddu tU, xdy dung ngudn nhdn lue chdt lupng cao. Theo dd, vide dlu Itf cho gido due vd dao tao nhdm phat tridn ngudn nhdn Itfc ehdt Itfdng cao, ndng eao tnnh dp dan tri, phdt huy ngudn life con ngtfdi Vidt Nam Id giai phdp ldu dai vd hieu qud nha't cho qud trinh ddi mdi, xdy drfhg ddt ntfdc. Drfhg trtfdc stf thidu hut nhdn life trong qua trtnh htfdng tdi nin kinh td tri thffc, can xay duhg ehidn Iffdc phdt trien ngudn nhdn Itfc
chdt Irfdng cao gdn lien vdi phat tiidn kinh td - xa hdi, ldy nhan tdi ldm ttung tam de dao tao, boi drfdng nham nit ngdn khoang cdch vdi ede nrfde phdt ttien tten tiie gidi.
Bdn canh do, can chu ttpng ^dn nffa xdy dffng cdc chinh sdch khuydn khich nghidn cfi\i, sang tao, dinh htfdng^ nghe nghidp phii hdp vdi xu thd phat trien cua xa hdi vd nen kinh te, tao ra cde mdi Uen kdt gifl;a trrfdng hpc vd doanh nghiep nham ttdnh lang phi nguon life vd tiidi gian ttong viec ddo tao, xdy dtfng ngudn nhdn life chdt Irfdng cao, cd khd nang mang lai nhilu thdnh qua sdng tao, ndng cao hdm Itfdng tri thffc ttong cdc san pham, dieh vu cua nin kinh te. Dinh hffdng phdt trien lau ddi cin hrfdng tdi viec xdy dffhg he thdng hpc tdp sudt ddi, thidt 1|p xa hdi hpc tap, ttd thdnh cdi ndi nuoi drfdng tti thrfe.
Nam la, pkdt trien nghiin edu vd dng dung khoa hpc vd cdng nglii cao. De sdm dat drfde muc tieu phdt trien dat nrfde tiieo hrfdng CNH, HDH, tiii cin gia tdng gid tri do tri thffc tao ra. Theo dd, ein tdng cffdng ndng cao ndng life nghidn cfiti khoa hpc, dtfa vdo filig dung thtfc tien.
Hidn nay, vide phdt trien kinh te tri thffc d Vidt Nam dang d giai doan dlu, ttong bdi canh hrfdng tdi muc tidu CNH, HDH.
Do dd, trffdc khi phdn ddu dat dtfdc ede thdnh ttfu ldn hdn hay rut ngin khodng each vdi cdc nen kinh td tri thffc phdt trien, ehiing ta cin tap trung ldm tdt mpt sd cdng vide, dd Id: tidp nhdn chuyen giao edng nghd; dlu ttf xdy diAig eae khu cdng ngh$ eao, dfi sffe tidp thu vd cai tien cdng ngh0; dau ttf phat trien ddng bp cho vide ffng dung cde ngdnh cdng nghd mui nhon vao san xuat thtfc tien.Q
TAII.IF.IT THAM KHAO __ _ _ _ 1. Bd Chinh tii (2019). Nghf quyet sd 52-NQ/TW, ngdy 27/9/2019 ve mdt sd chu trUOng, chinh sdch cha ddng tiiam gia cudc Cdch mang cdng nghiip ldn thU tU
2. Ban Chap hdnh Trung tfdng Dang khda IX (2006). Bdo cdo chinh tri tpi Dpi hdi dpi biiu todn qude ldn thd X cua Ddng, truy cap trf http://tuUeuvankien.dangeongsan.vn/ban-ehap-hanh-tning- uong-dang/dai-hoi-dang/lan-thu-x/bao-cao-chinh-tri-eua-ban-ehap-hanh-trung-uong-dang-khoa-ix- tai-dai-hoi-dai-bieu-toan-quoc-lan-thu-x-cua-dang-1537
3. Ban Chap hanh Trung tfdng Dang khda X (2006). Bdo cdo chink tri tai Dpi hdi dpi bieu toan qudc ldn thit XI c&a Ddng, tiny edp tif http://tulieuvankien.dangcongsan.vn/ban-chap-hanh-lnmg- uong-dang/dai-hoi-dang/lan-thu-xi/bao-eao-ehinh-tri-cua-ban-chap-hanh-trung-uong-dang-khoa-x- tai-dai-hoi-dai-bieu-toan-quoe-lan-thu-xi-cua-dang-1526
4. Diln ddn Kinh td tiid gidi (WEF) (2019a). Chisd sdng tgo todn cdu ndm 2019 5. Diln ddn Kinh td tiid gidi (WEF) (2019b). Chisd canh tranh toan cdu ndm 2019 6. Dang Chung (2019). "Khdt" nkdn luc chdt lupng cao. 70% ednhdn cdng nghi phdi ddo tpo lai, truy cdp tff https://laodong.vn/giao-due/khat-nhan-iue-ehat-luong-cao-70-cu-nhan-cong-nghe- phai-dao-tao-lai-665 874.Ido