' KINH T E - X A HQI
Ddu tu cong cho tam nong
HiEU qua nhi/ng thiiu bin vQng
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heo B i o c i o g i i m s i t cua U^ban Kinh td Qudc h^l giat do^n 2006-2011, tdng v6n d i u tU cdng cho tam ndng l i 432.788 t^
ddng, b i n g 49,67% tdng vdn d i u t u p h i t tridn ngudn n g i n sich N h i nudc v l t r i l phtdu Chfnh phCi. N g o i l ra, tnsng gial do^n 2006-2011, tdng g i i trj Hidp djnh vd ODA d i dupc ky kdt trdn 26,897 ty USD (ngudn vdn vay Uu d i i chidm trdn 94%), trong dd vdn d i u t u d i n h cho ndng nghidp, thCiy loi, l i m nghidp, thuy s i n phgc vg p h i t tridn ndng nghidp v i ndng thdn xoa ddi g i i m nghdo I I 3,833 ty USD. Du np cho vay theo co chd tfn dung thuong mai trpng ITnh vuc ndng nghiep, ndng thdn cung t i n g trudng qua cic n i m vdi tdc dd t i n g binh q u i n 24%/nim. Tinh ddn 31/12/2011, dU no cho vay ndng nghidp, ndng thdn cua c i c td chUc tin dung dat trdn 499 nghin ty ddng, tang 30,64% so vdi eiing ky n i m 2010 v i g i p hon 3 l i n so vtM eung ky 2006. DU no eho vay cic chuong trinh tin dung Uu d i i cua N g i n h i n g chfnh sach x i hdi den ngay31/12/2011 trdn 103,7 nghin ty ddng, t i n g 15,95% so vdi cudi n i m 2010 v i tang g i p 4,3 t i n so vdi dU no cudi n i m 2006.
Dau t u x i y dung co sd ha t i n g phuc vu s i n x u l t n g i y c i n g dUOc chu trpng. Nhieu cdng trinh thuy I d quan trong d i v i dang dUOc d i u t u x i y dung, gdp p h i n tang cUdng n i n g tuc tudi tidu, p h i t trien sin x u l t ndng nghiep. Oen nay, tdng nang luc tUdi cua cac he thdng thuy lot dat k h o i n g 3,45 tridu ha dat canh t i e . Cac cdng trinh thuy loi cdn gdp phan n g i n man eho 0,87 tridu ha, c i i tao ehua phen 1,6 tridu ha, duy tri cap nude eho sinh hoat va sin x u l t cdng nghiep tren 5,65 ty m V n i m . He thdng de b i l n , de sdng eung dUOc
>• 14 S^M%%
Diu tUcAng cho tam ndng (n6ng nghifp, ndng din, ndng thdn) \i v i n dd dU^c D i n g v i N h i nudc ta d f t d vj trf quan tr^ng v i lAi tl4n h i n g d i u trong chl^n lU^rc p h i t t r K n kinh li qutfc gla. Trong nhiJmg n i m qua D i n g v i N h i nUdc d i 6iu t u n h i l u ngudn lUc cho linh vtfc
tam nAng v i dat du^c n h l l u t h i n h tuu to Idn gdp p h i n v i o p h i t t r i l n kinh t l cda tfit nUdrc nhu: d i m b i o an ninh lUerng thUc qudc gla; k i t c i u ha t i n g kinh t l , x l hdl n g i y c i n g dUOc t i n g cudng v i h o i n t h I f n, gdp p h i n thay ddl didn mao ndng thdn theo hudng hidn dai; timg budc g l i l q u y l t vllc l i m , g l i m nghio; d i m b i o an sinh xa hdi n g i y c i n g tdt hon, ddi sdng vat chit, tinh t h i n cua ngUM ndng d i n ngiy cing dUOc c i i thien.
Minh H l l quan t i m d i u tU cOng c6, n i n g d p . Hl$n d l d i u t u nhdng doan dd xung ydu n h i m b l o v$ c i c khu d i n cu t i p trung, nhCmg khu vuc kinh td quan trgng, g d p p h i n n i n g cao n i n g luc phdng chdng g i l m n h ^ thidn tai, Ung phd vdi bidn ddi khf h|u, nhit I I nudc b i l n d i n g . Bdn c^nh dd \n$c d i u t u p h i t t r i l n s i n x u l t ndng, lim, ngu n g h i f p dupe chu trpng, tdng budc p h i t tridn gidng mdi cd ning suit, c h i t luong c a o „ d i t i c ddng tfch cue ddn s i n x u l t , tao vifc fim, n i n g cao thu n h i p cho n g u t i dan.
Odn nay d l cd 4.208 co sd s i n xult gidng dUOc x i y dung, trdn 90% didn tich Ida, 80% d i f n tich ngd, 60% dien tfch mfa, bdng, c i y I n qui... duoc sif dung gidng mdi.Trong 5 nam, gia trj sin x u l t t o i n n g i n h ndng, l i m , ngU nghidp t i n g binh q u i n S,1%/nim, g i i trj t i n g thdm eua n g i n h la 3,3%
vUdt chi tieu kd hoach 5 n i m Quoc hdi dd ra.
O i n g chu y n i m 2011, trong khi ndn kinh te nudc ta gap khd khan v i didn bidn thj trudng the gidS cd nhidu phUc tap, kim ngach x u l t khau
KINH T £ - XA HOI ndng, lam, thCiy s i n van tang 28% so
vdi n i m 2010, gdp p h i n g i i m n h | p sieu va ndng nghiep trd t h i n h tru d d cho nen kinh td trong giai do^in khd k h i n vdi mUe ddng gdp tU 21-22%
trong tdng GDP.
Ben canh dd, h i n g n i m N h i nudc cdn bd tri ngudn vdn d u phdng tU n g i n sleh Trung UOng I I 7.000 - 8.000 ty ddng, chu y l u d i n h de xU ly, ho tro cic dja phUOng khic phuc h l u q u i thien tai, tgt b i o , djch benh...; Chi hon 2.000 t^ ddng hd tro ndng d i n thdng qua chfnh sich mien, g i i m thud ndng nghidp v i k h o i n g 8.000 ty- ddng vdn thu tU xd sd kien thiet h i n g n i m cung duoc uu tien t i p trung cho ITnh vgc co sd ha tang kinh te - xa hdi phgc vg chp p h i t trien tam ndng.
Ha tang giao thdng ndng thdn cung thu hut dUOe nhieu ngudn luc dau t u v i dat dUOC ket q u i rat quan trpng, gdp phan thuc day, p h i t tridn san xuat, cO gidi hda trong sin x u l t ndng nghiep, trao ddi hang hda, nang cao ddi sdng v i t chat va tinh than eho ngudi dan khu vUe ndng thdn. Oen het n i m 2011, c i nUdc cd 8.940 xa cd dudng d t d den trung tam, chiem 98,6% tdng sd xa. Ludi didn trung v i ha i p tai eac dia ban ndng thdn d i dUOc m d rpng mang tudi cung cap dien tdi cac x i , huyen thudc cic i^a ban khd k h i n v i d i e I biet khd khan. Tinh den het nam 2011, da cd 99,8% sd xa va 95,5%
sd thdn cd dien; cd 45,5% sd xa ed edng trinh cap nUdc sinh boat t i p trung, tang 9% so vdi nam 2006. Ty I le hd d i n ndng thdn ed nude hop ' ve sinh de dimg dat 78%. He thdng eho ndng thdn d i timg bude duoc quy hoach hop ly, tao dieu kien di lai, mua ban thuan loi eho ngudi dan.
Oen het n i m 2011, ca nudc cd 8.729 cho, trpng dd cho ndng thdn chiem khoing 78%.
He thong y te d ndng thdn cung duoc d i e biet quan t i m dau tU md rdng va nang e l p ve chat tUOng. Den cudi nam 2011 cd 40% xa dat chuan qudc gia ve y te x l , cd 94,2% sd thdn cd c i n bd y te. He thdng trudng hpc tai e l p xa, cac co sd nha tre, mau
g l l o dUdc p h i t tridn, m d rdng ddn d p thdn. Odn nay cd 9.029 x l trdn c l nudc cd trudng tidu hpc, 45,5% sd thdn cd Idp m i u g l l o , 15,6% cd n h i trd,.. Ben c?nh dd, m?ng lUdi thdng tin, v i n h o i , thd thao v i truydn thdng ndng thdn d i cd sg p h i t tridn manh me, gdp p h i n e i i t h i f n ddl sdng v i t c h i t , tinh t h i n ciia ndng d i n . Odn hdt n i m 2011 da cd 81,5% sd x l cd hd thdng loa truydn thanh ddn thdn ( n i m 2006 l i 75,4%); 38,7% sfi xa cd n h i v i n h o i x i ( n i m 2006 l i : 30,6%);
48% x i cd sin thd thao. Tru sd l i m vide, n h i v i n hda x i , thdn, s i n v i n ddng, cdng vidn, n h i d ndng thdn...
timg budc duoc x i y dung khang trang, gdp p h i n thay ddi didn m^o ndng thdn theo hudng hidn dai.
Mac dil da dat dupc nhQng thanh tuu rat quan trpng trong phat trien ndng nghiep, ndng thdn nhung dau t u cdng cho tam ndng v i n cdn tdn tai mdt sd han ehe, ydu kdm khien h i f u q u i d i u tU thidu ben vQng, do l i :
Nguon tUc dau t u c h o tam ndng nhQng nam qua thue te edn thieu so vdi nhu cau, mdi ehi d i p dng dUOc 50-60%, so vdi ty' le tren 67,3% dan sd Viet Nam g i n vdi ndng nghiep, ndng thdn thi day q u i t i con sd khdng tUOng xdng. Sd vdn tfn dgng nha nUdc dau t u eho ITnh vUe tam ndng trong 5 nam (2006-2011) mdi dat gan 25% tdng sd vdn tin dung nha nude d i dau tU cho t o i n nen kinh te. Trong khi dd von FDt dau t u c h o ndng nghiep, ndng thdn rat thap va cd xu hudng g i l m dan, t d ty te 8% trong tdng co cau FDt ciia e i nUde nam 2001 xudng cdn 1 % nam 2010. Tinh chung c i thdi ky 1999 - 2010, nganh ndng nghiep va phat trien ndng thdn mdi thu hut duoc khoang 738 dU i n {khdng ke cac d g an che bien thUc pham) vdi tong von dau t u d i n g ky la 4,3 ty USD, chiem 2,3% trong tong sd von dau tU dang k y c u a e l nUdc.
Cdng t i c l i p v i thuc hien quy hoach edn ban che, chua s i t thUc te, CO che tieu chi p h i n bd ngudn vdn chua hpp ly chii yeu phan bd dau t u vao eac dU an x i y dung co sd ha
t i n g ; nhiimg chfnh sich mang tfnh ddt p h i cho sU p h i t t r i l n s i n x u i t nhu chuong trinh gidng, cdng nghd sinh hpc, chd bidn sin p h i m ndng nghifp cdng nghf cao, nghidn cdu khoa hpc, chfnh sich khuydn cdng v i thuc d i y thuong mat... cdn chidm t^ trpng nhd. Didu n i y d l l i m han chd ddn q u i trinh p h i t tridn s i n x u l t ndng nghidp. Tinh trang d i u t u d i n trit, kdo d i i , h i f u q u i sQ dung vdn ehua eao. Mdt sd cdng trtnh, d g i n khdng sU dgng dugc hole khdng p h i t huy dUdc h i f u q u i . \^fc d i u t u thdng qua elc chUong trinh muc tidu qude gla h i f n nay v i n cd tinh tr^ng ehdng chdo, chUa dUOc Idng ghdp tdt... d i n ddn tinh trang noi thi thUa noi lat thidu.
Hifn tuong c h i p h i n h k)}' cUong p h i p l u l t trong d i u tUchUa nghidm, van cdn x i y ra sal pham trong q u i n ty d i u tu, chUa thUc hidn tdt co che d i n ehu va p h i t huy sdc manh tdng hpp cua ngUdi d i n trong td chUe thuc hien dau tU. Qua cdng t i c thanh tra, kiem tra, da p h i t hien 220 vu vide vi pham trpng ITnh vgc q u i n ly d i u tu, gay thiet hai chp N h i nudc hang chgc ty ddng: Kien nghi xQ ly theo p h i p tuat 278 ddi tupng va 33 doanh nghiep, don vi thiet ke, thi cdng; thu hdi cho Nha nude 21,7 ty dong; xd ty tai chinh ChUOng trinh 134 hon 19 ty ddng, ChUOng trinh 135 hon 97 t j ddng, Chuong trinh muc tieu qudc gia nude sach va vd sinh mdi trudng ndng thdn hon 75 ty ddng.
Trong p h i t trien s i n xuat ndng nghiep, chua g i l l quyet tdt mdi quan he giQa sin x u l t , che bien, tieu thu s i n pham. Hinh thdc lien ket, lien doanh"bdn n h i " t r o n g nong nghiep chua g i n chat trach nhiem de tam CO sd p h i t trien ben viifng, chua cd quy hoach s i n pham mui nhpn theo viing mien, chUa dau t u xdng d i n g de nang cao chat luong, x i y dgtig thuong hieu. Mat khic, viec tiep can vdn vay ngan hang cua nong d i n cung gap khd k h i n dp khdng ed tai sin the chap nen thidu vdn dau tU la nhCmg nguyen n h i n khien cho san pham ndng nghiep ciia Viet Nam chua dat chat tuong eao, tinh canh C o n a c ^ _ _ „
8/aoia S U I C I E N 1^ ^m
41^ KINH T £ - X A HQI tranh t h i p , g i i x u l t k h i u thudng t h i p hon c i c s i n p h i m tuong ti^cCia ele nudc trong khu vi/c.
Tuy h f thdng v i n b i n , p h i p luft didu ehlnh ITnh vi^c d i u tU cdng cho tam ndng dUpc ban h i n h tuong ddi nhidu, nhung ndi dung cdn trdng tip, mang tfnh hinh thUc, chua s i t vdi thuc td, tridn khai thidu ddng bd ndn r i t It t i c dgng, g i y khd k h i n cho cdng t i c thgc hidn.
Od k h i c phgc nhQng h^n chd, b i t c f p dang tdn tai, hudng tdi sU p h i t tridn bdn vQng trong finh vgc tam ndng, trong glai do?n tidp c i n tfch cgc t r i l n khai c i c g l i l p h i p , dd l i :
T i n g d i u t u tU ngudn n g i n sieh N h i nudc cho tam ndng, b i o d i m mQc d i u t u S n i m tdi cao g i p 2 l l n 5 n i m trudc. O i c b i f t quan t i m d i u t u cho c i c vung trpng d i l m , nhCmg s i n p h i m h i n g hda ndng nghidp cd loi thd canh tranh cao. N g o l i ra c i n b i o d i m an ninh luong thgc qudc gia tai elc tinh nghdo, dnh midn niii, nhijffig dja phuong khd ed didu kidn thu hdt d i u t U t Q c i c ngudn vdn khic...Ting eudng p h i n d p cho c i c dja phuong trong vide p h i n bd ngudn v6n dUpc giao de thUc hidn ele muc tidu de ra, d i m b l o sd dung vdn hidu q u i , t r i n h dan t r i i , keo d i i . Ra soat, dieu chfnh mpt sd tieu chf ndng thdn mdi v i c i c chuong trinh muc tidu khic cho phu hop vdi thUc te, dieu kien kinh te - xa hdi cua ti/ng viing.
Tidp tgc d i n h ngudn vdn Uu d i i eho tam ndng thdng qua chuong trinh kien cd hda kenh mUOng, phuc vg tudi tieu cho c i n h ddng m i u Idn, cAc vung c i y cdng nghidp v l nguydn lidu, CO sd nudi trdng thiiy s i n . Uu tien bd tri ngan sach thdng qua cie ehuong trinh d u i n giao thdng vung, mien, bien gidi, c i c tuyen dUdng viing siu, vung xa, n h i m thue day ele vimg nghdo, vung khd k h i n phat trien kinh te x i hdi.
Ben canh dd e i n ra soit, sda doi, bd sung chfnh sich thu hut dau t u n h i m khuyen khfch dau tU cdng cho tam ndng, tiep tue thgc hien chfnh sach uu d i i ve tien thue sd dung dat, thue gia tri gia t i n g , thue thu n h i p doanh nghiep ddi vdi eac
1 ^ 1 6 « ^ & i E K i
doanh n g h i f p , HTX ndng n g h i f p ed d l / i n , cdng trinh d i u t u I p dgng cdng n g h f cao, cdng n g h f chd b l l n ndng s i n thi/c p h i m sau thu ho^ch, d | c b i f t l i c i c d u I n d i u t u v i o vimg s l u , vung xa, vung nCil, bidn gldl, h l l d i o , viing cd didu k i f n kinh t l - xa hdi khd k h i n v i d | c b i f t khd k h i n . Thu hdt si/ tham gia cua c i c t h i n h p h i n kinh t l v i o mdt sd d i / I n h i f n cdn dga nhtdu v i o n g i n sich N h i nudc n h u p h i t t r i l n thj trudng; khoa hpc cdng nghd; d i o t^o nghd, t^o vifc l i m cho ndng din...
Thuc h i f n dung quy ho^ch, k l ho^ch sQ dgng d i t ndng n g h i f p , d i m b l o cdng b i n g trong vifc thu hdi d i t ; bdi h o i n hdp ly, cdng b i n g cho ngudl d i n ; chd truong giao d i t , thud d i t dn dinh l i u d i l cho ngudi d i n , tao didu k i f n t h u f n Ipi cho ngUdl d i n chuydn quydn stf dgng d i t . ydn t i m d i u tU, p h i t tridn s i n x u l t l i u d i i . Cd gilt p h i p ddng bd han chd chuydn ddi mgc dich sU dgng d i t trdng lua, ddng thdi hd t r d n g i n sieh true t i l p cho hd ndng d i n va dia phUdng theo d i f n tfch trdng tua de d i m b i o giQ d l f n tfch trdng Ida 3,812 tridu ha.
Phit t n l n ele hinh thUe hgp t i c trong ndng nghiep, lien kdt 4 n h i , lien kdt vung; n h i n rdng md hinh
"einh ddng mau Idn" de cd gidi hda v i i p dgng khoa hpc, cdng nghd tidn tidn v i o s i n x u l t ; d i p Qng nhu e l u s i n x u l t ciia cic viing, midn; g i n s i n xuat vdi tidu thu, cd chfnh sich phu hop d l ele doanh nghidp, sieu thj tieu thg s i n p h i m cua ndng d i n ; ap dgng tidu e h u i n n h i p k h i u h i n g hda ndng s i n phii hop vi^ thdng Id qudc te; c h i n chinh cdng t i c thu mua ndng s i n ; x i y dung c i c chd d i u mdi, tang cUdng xuc tidn thuong mai, m d s i n giao dich, gidi t h i f u ndng s i n ; chdng b i n p h i g i i va p h i n b i f t ddi xd ddl vdi h i n g ndng s i n Viet Nam;
tang cudng q u i n ly s i n x u l t , kinh doanh, sd dgng thuoc b i o ve thUe v i t , can p h i i xU ly nghiem eic t d chQc, e l n h i n sai pham.
Tiep tue trien khai manh me chii truong b l o hiem ndng nghiep trong thdi gian tdi, n g o i i 54.000 hop ddng
cua cAc hd da tham gia thf didm tai c i c tinh c i n t r i l n khai trdn didn rdng, n h i m h6 trp cho ngdift sin x u l t ndng n g h i f p k h i c phgc, bu d i p t h i f t h^i t i l chfnh cho ngudi d i n , gdp p h i n b l o d i m an sinh x l hdi cho khu vge ndng thdn.
R l s o i t , d l l u chinh quy hoach p h i t t r i l n kinh td - x l hdi g i n vdi v i f c Ung p h d t i c d d n g cCia bidn ddl khf h f u , phdng, chdng b l o lut, die b i f t l i quy ho^ch hd thdng dd bidn.
Khuydn khfch doanh nghidp d i u t u p h i t t r i l n c i c d u I n b i o v f mdi trudng, p h i t t r i l n bdn viimg. Ning cao h i f u l u c h i f u q u i q u i n ly giao d i t rUng d l r i m g cd chii q u i n ly, sU dgng, b l o v f ; xii ly nghidm cic h i n h vi vi p h ^ m p h i p l u l t b l o vf v i p h i t t r i l n rimg; hd tro manh me chfnh quydn dja phuong, li/c luong k i l m l i m v i ndng d i n trong vifc trdng rUng, b i o v f rimg; x i y dung v l cung cd h f t h d n g dd sdng, de bidn, dd bao, khu neo d i u , trinh b l o , d c cdng trinh n g i n m i n , x l 10, giQ ngpt, tieu ung thich Qng vdi didu kidn bidn dot khi h l u , nUdc bidn ding... X i y dung co chd, chfnh sich phu h ^ p cho vide p h i t trien v i i n g nguydn l l f u rifng, d i u tUtrdng v i b l o v f rimg...
Odi vdi Chuong trinh ndng th6n mdi, v i f c x i y dung tidu chi p h l i blo d i m tfnh k h i thi, phCi hop vdi khi n i n g , didu kidn kinh td timg viing, midn, dia phuong. T i p trung cic ngudn vdn, huy ddng ndi tue trong n h i n d i n xay dgng ndng thdn mdi;
thgc hidn ldng ghdp d c ngudn lUc, c i c ehuong trinh muc tidu qudc gia trdn dia t>in. /.