VltN CHAN NUOI - Tgp chi Khoa hgc Cdng nghi Chdn nudi - S6 4 C h d n g 2-2007)
ANH HirONG CUA CAC NGUON XO KHAC NHAU TRONG KHAU PHAN
VO BEO DEN TANG TRONG, HIEU QUA SLfDUNG THlTC AN CUA BO LAI SIND TAI DAC LAK
va Chi Cuang*, Phgm Kim Cuang', Phgm Thi Huf vd Phgm Hiing Cudng'
^Bg mon Nghien ciiru bo, Vien Chan nudi; ^Dai hgc Tay Nguyen
*Tac gia 66 lidn hd: TS. Vu Chi Cucmg, Phd Vidn trudng Vidn Chan nudi DT: 0912121506. Email: vccuongCSnetnam.vn
1 , i n.sii5^
ABSTRACT ^,.v. ,,. ^... . • u y Mttlsvi' --'
Effects of different fiber sources in fattening rations on performance of lai Sind cattle in Daclack province '< .i ^ r n j ' .n, r niiofJ One random block design experiment (four treatments, four replicates for each) on 16 lai Sind young bulls aging eighteen months old, weighing 190kg was conducted to examine the possible effects of different fiber sources in fattening rations on their performance. In treatment 1: spring rice straw occupied 27% of total DM of the ration, in treatment 2: spring rice straw occupied 14% and com cob occupied 13% of total DM of the ration, in treatment 3:
maize stover occupied 27% of total DM of the ration and in treatment 4: com husk occupied 27% of total DM of the ration. It was found out that fiber source affected ADG, FCR of cattle. ADG (around 0,8kg/head/day) of cattle in treatments 1, 2 was higher than that (0,63-0,59kg/head/day) of cattle in treatments 3, 4. Therefore, FCR (8,19 - 8,59kg DM/kg gain) of cattle in treatments 1, 2 was lower than that (10,84 - 11,38kg DM/kg gain) of cattle in treatments 3 and 4. It was concluded that rice straw and combination of rice straw and com cob were the best sources of fiber in fattening rations of cattle.
Key words: lai Sind catde, ADG, FCR, fattening rations.
DAT VAN DE
Dak Ldk la tinh cd nhieu tiem nang de san xuat bd thit chat lugng cao. Tdng dan bd cua tinh hien nay la khoang 163.000 con va san lugng thit xuat chudng khoang 6050 tan. Dien tich trdng cay lucmg thuc cd hat la 177 nghin ha (2004) va san lugng dat khoang 680 nghin tan. Nhu vay hang nam nganh trdng trgt cd the cung cap mgt khdi lugng ldn phu phe pham ndng nghiep nhu rom, than cay ngd sau thu bap w . . . Day la ngudn thire dn thd rat re tien, ed the diing de du tru lam thuc an de nudi va vd beo bd. Tuy nhien, phu pham ndng nghiep nhin ehung la thuc an cd ham lugng nito thdp, ham lugn^ cellulose, ham lugng lignin tucmg ddi eao, hydrat-earbon boa tan thap ndn ty le tieu boa thap, gia tri dinh dudng thap (Preston and Leng 1987; Sundstol 1988a). De sir dung ehiing cd hieu qua ngudi ta thudng sir dung eae loai thuc an giau nang lugng nhu tinh bgt tir cac hat ngii coc, ri mat, cac loai khd dau... bo sung vao khau phan ca sd la phu pham trong trgt de nang cao kha nang len men da cd. Ket qua nghien cuu sir dung mgt so phu pham cay ngd sau thu hat trong khau phan vo beo vdi ham lugng ri mat eao eiia Vu Chi Cuang va cgng su (2005) cho ket qua kha cao: bd vo beo tang trgng tir 700-880g/eon/ngay.
Vdi muc dich tim ngudn thuc an thd va sir dung chiing diing phdi hgp ciing vdi cac phu pham edng ndng nghiep khae de vd beo bd nham nang cao nang suat va chat lugng thit bd, ddng thdi giiip ngudi ehan nudi sir dung hieu qua phu pham ndng nghiep, giam d nhiem mdi
v u CHI C U O N G - Anh hudng cita cdc ngudn xa khac nhau trong khdu phdn
trudng, ehiing tdi tid'n banh de tai:" Nghien citu dnh hudng cita cdc ngudn xa khde nhau irong khdu phdn vd beo din tdng trgng, hieu qua sudung thiCc dn ciia bd lai Sind tgi Ddc Ldk".
VAT LIEU VA PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN CIJU
Thi nghiem duge thiet ke theo phuong phap khoi ngau nhien hoan ehinh (Rendom block design) tren 16 be due lai Sind 18 thang tudi, khoi lugng trung binh 190kg nudi vd beo tai Cong ty 719, Krdng Bach, Dak Ldk tir thang 15/9-15/12/2005. Toan bg be sau khi tdy san la gan bang thudc Fasinex (Thuy sy) duge nudi ehudn bi 15 ngay dd lam quen vdi khdu phdn an va phuang thuc nudi dudng sau dd be duge chia vao 4 block mdi block 4 eon theo nguydn tdc ddng deu tudi va khdi lugng. Bd'n yd'u td thi nghidm la bd'n khdu phdn dugc phan bd ngdu nhidn vao cdc block theo nguydn tdc mdi block cd du 4 yd'u td tbi nghidm.
Thuc an vo beo gdm ri mat, khd ddu lac nghien, rom khd chat nhd, cay ngd chat nhd, be ngd chat nhd, loi ngd nghien, bdt ngd, urd ed thanh phdn hda hgc nhu d bang 1. Cde thue an nay duge phdi trdn theo ty Id nhu d bang 2 de vd beo bd. Trong thdi gian thi nghiem be duge udng nudc tu do va an khau phan vd beo hai Idn/ngay vao 8 gid sang va 4 gid chieu.
Lugng thuc an thu nhan dugc xac dinh bang each can khdi lugng thue an eho an va thirc an thira eiia hing ca the bdng can dien hr (sai sd 0,01) hang ngay. Thay ddi khdi lugng bd duge xae dinh bang each can khdi lugng be 2 tudn/ldn bdng can dien tir RudWeight (Australia).
Bang 1: Thanh phan hda hge eiia thire an thi nghiem (% ehdt khd) Loai thirc an
Than cay ngo sau thu bap Loi ngo
Be bap Ram chiem Kho dau lac Bot ngo Ri mat dudng
DM 91,14 96,01 89,40 90,85 89,22 87,70 70,50
CP 5,24 3,17 3,1 5,12 32,24 9,12 2,60
Ma 1,40 1,13 1,05 1,64 9,17 5,7 0,38
Xa 30,24 34,16 33,56 34,32 25,82 2,5 -
NDF 77,52 86,78 75,83 78,29 - 14,83 -
ADF 41,09 44,53 42,35 43,72 - 4,75 -
Ash 6,90 2,25 9,57 13,89 5,65 1,61 5,73 Ghi chii: DM: chdi khd: Ash: Khodng ldng sd
Bang 2: Thanh phan thirc an vd beo (% chat khd) Thanh phan
Be bap Cdy ngo Rcrm chiem Loingo Ngo nghien Kho dau lac Ri mat Ure
Thdnh phdn dinh dirdng
Nang luang trao ddi (MJME/kg chat kho) Protein tho (%/kg chat kho)
Gia thanh (VND/kg)
KPl
27 18 15 38 2 9,47 160,7 1851
KP2
14 13 18 15 38 2 9,52 159,3 1843
KP3 27
18 15 38 2 9,63 161,0 1836
KP4 27
18 15 38 2 9,57 157,8 1837
VIEN CHAN NUOI - Tgp chi Khoa hgc Cdng nghi Clidn nuoi - S6 4 C h a n g 2-2007)
Cac sd lieu ve tang trgng va lugng thtic an an vao cua bd d cac 16 dugc xir ly ANOVA mgt nhan td (ANOVA one-way unstaeked) bdng chuang trinh MINITAB 14 (My) de so sanh sai khac giua cac 16.
KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 'll,.
Thay ddi khdi lugng vd tdng trgng cua bd vo beo ' ' ^
Tang trgng ciia bd vo beo dugc trinh bay d bang 3 va dd thi I. Ket qua cho thay khoi lugng bd cac 16 khi bdt ddu thi nghiem la tuong ddi d6ng ddu tu 190kg. Kh6i lugng bd ket thiic thi nghiem cita cita bd d KPl, KP2, KP3 va KP4 tuang iing Idn lugt la 256; 261; 243; va 239kg. Nhin chung tang trgng bd thi nghiem cd xu hudng dat cao nhat d thang thii I tiep den la d thang thu 2 va thap nhat d thang thu 3.
Bang 3: Khdi lugng va tdng trgng cua bd d cac Id thi nghiem (Mean ± SD)
Chi tieu theo doi
KPl KP2 KP3 KP4
P.dau ky (kg) P. 28 ngay (kg) ADG thang 1 (kg/con/ngay) p. 56 ngay 0<:g) ADG thang 2 (kg/con/ngay) p. 84 ngay (kg) ADG thang 3 (kg/con/ngay) ADG ca ky (kg/con/ngay)
189,8 ±8,8 215,3 ±12,4 0,911 ±0,2 9 238,3*" ± 12,1 0,82P±0,03 256,5'± 13,1 0,652a ±0,06 0,795'±0,11
191,0 ±10,7 217,8±11,4 0,955 ±0,11 242,5'±11,8 0,88'±0,05 261,5'± 11,6 0,679' ± 0,03 0,839'±0,06
191,0±11,9 214,3 ±12,4 0,830 ±0,09 230,3'" ±11,4 0,571" ±0,08 243,5"'± 11,9
0,473" ± 0,08 0,625" ± 0,04
190 ±13,6 212,0 ±9,6 0,786 ±0,15 227,5" ±7,9
•0,554" ± 0,06 239,0' ± 7,0 0,441" ±0,07 0,583" ±0,09 Ghi chu: (ADG): tdng trgng binh qudn/ngdy: (P)' khdi lugng: cdc sd mU cd chit cdi khac nhau thi sai khacy nghia thdng ke (P<0,05)
v u CHI C U O N G - Anh hudng ciia cdc nguon xa khde nhau trong khdu phdn
Khdi lugng liic kd't thiic tbi nghidm vd tdng trgng ea ky cua bd an khdu phdn 1 va 2 sai khae rd ed y nghTa thdng kd (P< 0,05) so vdi khd'i lugng va tang trgng eua bd an khdu phdn 3 va 4. Nhung khdng ed sai khac cd y nghia thdng kd vd cac chi tidu nay giira bd an khau phdn 1 va 2 va giiia bd an khdu phdn 3 va 4 (P<0,05)
Ket qua ve tang trgng cua bd thi nghiem dat tir 0,58-0,84kg/con/ngay trong thi nghidm nay cao hon so vdi ket qua nghien ciiru trudc day cua Bui Van Chinh, Nguyen Hiru Tao (1992); Le Vidt Ly va cdng sir (1995); Vu Van Ngi va cgng sir, (1999). Trong cde nghidn cim nay bd vo beo bdng phu phdm ndng nghiep tdng trgng: 0,51-0,58kg/con/ngay. Tuong tu nhu vay, Vu Chi Cuong va cdng sir (2005) thdy bd vd beo bdng phu phdm nong nghiep tang trgng:
0,53-0,70kg/eon/ngay. Tuy nhien ket qua nay tuang duang vdi ket qua ciia Victo Clarke va cgng sir (1996) khi vo beo bd loai thai.
Sau 84 ngdy thi nghiem, tang trgng cua bd an KP2 (ngudn xo Id rom va loi ngd) dat cao nhdt (0,839kg/con/ngay) tiep den Id tang trgng cua bd an KP 1 (ngudn xo la rom) (0,795kg/eon/ngay), tang trgng ciia bd an KP3 (ngudn xo Id than cay ngd) va 4 (ngudn xo la be bdp ngd) la thdp nhdt (0,583-0,625kg/eon/ngay). Cd the ngudn xo md cu the la ty Id tidu hda eiia chiing da ddn dd'n cde kd't qua tang trgng khac nhau. Ty Ie tidu hda ehdt kho eiia thire an tho trong khdu phdn 2 va 1 ed the eao ban ty Id nay d bai khau phdn cdn lai. Theo Vu Chi Cuang va cgng sir (2003): Ty Ie tieu hda chat khd eiia ram la 43,61% va ty le tieu hda ehdt khd eua loi ngd Id 49,35% (VQ Chi Cuang va cgng sir., 2006 - tdi Heu chua cdng bd), cdn ty Id tidu hda chdt khd cua cay ngd sau thu bdp ehi Id 31,85% (Vii Chi Cucmg va cgng su.,2003) Hieu qud sddung thCcc dn ciia bd vd beo
Ket qua ve lugng thiie an dn vao va hieu qua sir dung thirc an dugc trinh bay d bang 4.
Lugng thiic an an vdo (kg chdt khd/con/ngay), ed su sai khae y nghia thdng ke (P<0,05) giira nhdm bd dn KPl, KP2 vd KP3 so vdi nhdm bd an KP4. Vi khac nhau ve ty Id tidu hda nhu da thao luan, lai sai khde ve tang trgng va lugng thiie an an vao ndn kdi qua la hidu qua sir dung thiie an bieu thi bdng tidu tdn thiic an/kg tang trgng cd sai khac. Tidu tdn thirc an (kg chdt khd/kg tang trgng) ca bd an khdu phdn 1 va 2 (8,19 - 8,59kg chdt khd/kg tang trgng) sai khae ed y nghia thdng kd (P>0,05) vdi ehi tidu nay d bd an khdu pdn 3 va 4 (10,84 - 11,38kg ehdt khd/kg tang trgng). Do su sai khac nay ndn hidu qua sir dung nang lugng trao ddi tdt nhdt d bd an khdu phdn 1 va 2.
Bang 4: Lugng thiie an an vao vd bieu qua sir dung thirc an (Mean ± SD) Chi tieu
Chat kho an vao (kg/con/ngay) Chat kho an vao (g/kg W°-^^) Chat kho an vao (% khdi lugng)
Tieu ton T A (kg CK/kg tang trpng)
HQSDTA (g tang trpng/MJ ME)
KPl 6,83' 0,37*
118,3 7,78*
3,06 0,28*
8,59' 1,62*
12,28
KP2 6,87' 0,46*
117,7 8,37*
3,04 0,29*
8,19' 1,28*
12,82
KP3 6,78' 0,39*
119,8 ^ 3,25* '
3,12 0,19*
10,84" 0,93*
9,57
KP4 6,64"
0,40*
118,4 3,62*
3,09 0,17*
11,38"
1,12*
9,18 Ghi chu: *: SD, TA: tlii'cc an: HQSDTA: hieu qua sic dung thuc an: cdc sd mu cd chir cdi khac nhau thi sai khdcy nghTa thdng ke (P<0,05)
VIEN CHAN NUOI - Tgp chi Khoa hgc Cdng nghi Chdn nudi - S6 4 C h a n g 2-2007)
Chat khd an vao ciia bd trong thi nghiem nay dao dgng tir 6,64-6,8 7kg/con/ngay. Theo Kead (1982) bd 200-300kg, tang trgng 0,75kg/con/ngay cdn 5,4-7,4kg chdt khd/con/ngay.
Theo Preston vd Willis (1967) bd to (200kg) lugng ehdt khd thu nhan xdp xi tir 2,8-3% khdi lugng CO the eiia chung. Nhu vay, do ngon mieng cua ca 4 khau phan an la chap nhan dugc va bd cdc 16 thi nghiem cd kha nang an hk mgt lugng chat kh6 can thiet de dat tang trgng tren 0,5kg/con/ngay. Tieu t6n chdt kh6/kg tang trgng ciia bd an KPl; KP2; KP3 va KP4 lan lugt la 8,59; 8,19; 10,84 va 11,38kg chdt kho/kg tang trgng. trii trudng hgp khdu phdn 3 va 4, kdt qua thu dugc d cdc nhdm bd an KPl va KP2 nam trong khoang tieu chuan cua ARC (1980); NRC (1984); INRA (1989); Rajan (1990); Perry (1990) va AFRC (1993): khoang 7,1 - 8,8kg chdt khd/kg tang trgng. , , , ,, ., ,, •
Hieu qua sir dung thiic an d bd trong thi nghiem nay la 9,18-12,82 g tang trgng/MJ nang lugng trao ddi gan tuong duang vdi hieu qua sir dung thiic an (11,45- 12,58g tang trgng/MJ ndng lugng trao ddi) tinh toan tir tieu chudn an cua Kearl (1982); NRC (1984); Rajan (1990) va AFRC (1993).
Sa bp tinh todn hieu qud kinh te vo beo.
Dua tren ea sd gia thiie an, bd mua va bdn tai thdi diem bdt dau va ket thiic thi nghiem, chiing tdi so bg tien hdnh tinh todn hieu qua v6 beo. Ket qua dugc trinh bay d bang 5.
Bang 5: Hieu qua kinh te ciia vd beo bd ' ' • " ' • ' ' '•'-'''
Chi tieu
Gia thanh T A (d/kg) Gia m u a bd (ddng/kg) Gid ban bd (ddng/kg)
* Chi
M u a bd (ddng) M u a thiic dn (d6ng)
Tong chi (dong)
*Thu
Ban bd (ddng)
Tong tien Idi (dong)
Tien lai /con/thang (ddng)
KPl
1851 18.000 21000
3416400 1061955
4478355
5575500
1097145
274286.3
KP2
1843 18.000 21000
3438000 1063558
4501558
5491500
989942
247485.5
KP3
1836 ••
18.000 21000
3438000 1045638
4483638
5113500
629862
157465.5
KP4
•. 1837 : ; 18.000 ''' 1, 21000
:' . ( . t i L;>;'';r!,l
3420000 '/.
1,4
1024605 1,
4444605
; •>
5019000 •
574395 '
143598.8 ^
Ket qua bang 5 cho thay tuy theo khau phdn vo beo s6 tien thu dugc tir 143.000 - 274.286d6ng/eon/thang. Tai Trung Qu6c khi vo beo bd tren qui md ldn bdng hat bdng va ram Ilia mi xir ly ure, hach toan sau 3 thang lai tir 200.000-600.OOOd/con (Dolberg va Finlayson, 1995).
v u CHI C U O N G - Anh hudng ciia cdc nguon xa khde nhau trong khdu phdn . . .
KET LUAN VA DE NGHI
, . ( • . . .
Ket ludn
Cd the sir dung rcrm cimg loi bdp, cay ngd sau thu bdp va be bap (27% chat khd trong khdu phdn) nhu la ngudn xa trong cdc khau phdn nudi vd beo bd ed ham lugng ri mat eao.
Ram, ram vdi Idi bdp ngd vd la ngudn xo tdt ban than cay ngd gia, be bdp trong khau phdn vd beo bd thit. Vdi khdu phdn cd ham lugng ri mat eao chiem 38% chdt khd ciia khau phdn, ngudn xo la rom (27% chdt kho cHa khau phdn) hoae ram (14% chat kho ciia khdu phdn), loi ngd (13% chdt khd ciia khdu phdn) ed ME xdp xi 9,5 MJ/kg chat khd, protein thd xdp xi 16% trong ehdt khd bd lai Sind vd beo cd the tang trgng khoang 800g/eon/ngay, tidu tdn thire dn cho mdtkg tang trgng khoang 8 -9kg ehdt khd thiic an/kg tang trgng.
Vd beo bd lai Sind bdng cdc khdu phdn trdn cd thd thu dugc tir 143.598 - 274.286 ddng/con/tbdng.
Denghi
Ap dung khau phan 1 va khau phan 2 vao sdn xuat
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
AFRC.(1993). Energy and Protein Requirements for Ruminants. University Press, Cambridge
ARC. (1984). The Nutrient Requirements for Ruminant Livestock. Suppl 1. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau, Slough.
Bui Van Chinh, Le Viet Ly, Nguyen Huu Tao, Pham Van Thin and Preston, T.R. (1992). Ammoniated rice straw or untreated straw supplemented with molasses-urea block for growing Sindhi x Local cattle in Viemam.
Livestock Research for Rural Development. Vol 4, Num 3, 12/1992.
Dolberg, F. and Finlayson, P. (1995). Treated straw for beef production in China. Wld. Anim. Rev. No 82, ppl4-24.
INRA (1989). Ruminant Nutrition recommended allowance and Feed Tables, INRA, Paris, 1989
Kearl. L. C. (1982). Nutrient Requirements of Ruminants in Developing Countries. Intemational FeedtuSs Institute. Utah Agricultural Experiment Statioa Utah State University, Logaa
Le Viet Ly, Vu Van Npi, Vu Chi Cuong, Pham Kim Cuong, Nguyen Qudc Dat. (1995). Nudi be lai hudng thit bang thirc an bo sung tir ngudn phu pham ndng nghi?p tai mien Trung. Kdt qua nghien cim khoa hpc ky thuat chan nudi 1994-1995. Nha xuSt ban Ndng nghi?p 1996, trang 135-140.
NRC (1984). The nutrient requirements of beef cattle,. Washington DC.
Perry, T.W, (1990). Dietary nuttient allowance for beef cattle. Feedstuffs- Reference issue, 62, 31: 46-56.
Preston, T.R. and Leng, R.A. (1987). Matching ruminant production systems with available resources in tropics and subttopics. PENAMBUL Book Ltd. Armidale. NSW. Australia
Preston, T.R., Willis, M.B. and Elias, A. (1967). Intensive Beef Production fi-om Sugar Cane.
Rajan, S. K. (1990). NuUitional Value of Animal Feeds and Feeding of Animals, I CAR, New Dehli
Sundstol, F. (1988a). Improvement of poor quality forages and roughages. In Orskov, E.R. (ed) Feed Science.
FIseviser Science Publishers B.V.Amsterdam.
VL-N C H A N N U O I - Tgp chi Khoa hgc Cdng nghe Chdn nudi - 36' 4 Chang 2-2007)
Victor J. Clarkt, Le Ba Lich, D6 Kim Tuyen. (1996). Ket qua chuyen giao ky thuat vd beo bd bang khau phan cao nang lugng dua tren nen bpt san vdi 3% urea. Trang 41-48. Bao cao khoa hpc chan nudi thii y 1996 -
1997. Phan chan nuoi gia siic. Ha npi, 1997.
Vu Chi Cuong, Nguyen Xuan Hoa, Pham Hiing Cudng, Paulo Salgado va Luu Thj Thi (2003). Thanh phan ho^
hpc, ty 1? tieu hoa va gia tri dinh dudng cua mpt sd loai thuc an chii yeu dimg cho bd
Vii Chi Cuong, Pham Kim Cuomg, Nguyin Thanh Trung, Pham Hiing Cudng, Nguyen Thien Trudng Giang, Luu Thi Thi (2005). Anh hudng cac mirc Idi ngd trong khau phan cd ham luong ri mat cao den ty le phan giai chat khd inssaco bdng gdng, mdi trudng da cd va tang trpng bd lai Sind vd beo. Tap chi Ndng nghiep va phat UiSn ndng thdn, sd 18 nam 2005 (Ky 2 thang 9/2005), sd xuit ban ISSN 0866-7020; trang 43-46.
Vu van Npi, Pham Kim Cuomg va Dinh Van Tuydn (1999). Sir dung phd phu pham va ngudn thuc an sin cd tai dia phuomg de vd beo bd. Bao cao khoa hpc chan nudi thii y. Hue 28-30/6/1999) trang 25-29.
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