l A l CHiNH-NGAN HANG-BAO HIEM
MO HINH NGHIEN CtfU
TRA CONG LAO DQNG TAI NGAN HANG THlJCfNG MAI VIET NAM
• PHAM THj THANH HA
TOM TAT:
Tra cdng lao dpng khdng phdi Id mdt chii de mdi, nhimg vdn ludn Id mot vd'n dd cd tinh thdi srf, dii da trdi qua hdn 3 thdp ki. Sd khai iff vide tim ra ban chd't cua tien Iffdng la gid ca sffc lao ddng cua Karl Marx vao the' ky 19, ngay nay, trd cdng lao ddng da dffde nghien cffu, phdt trien va ngay cang hodn thidn vd mat li ludn. Trong tbffe lien, tra cdng lao ddng cung la van de dffdc cae nha qudn tri trong td't ea cdc ITnh vffc, nganh nghe chu trong, trong dd cd ngdnh ngdn bang ndi chung vd ngdn hang thffdng mai ndi ridng. Ngdn hang thrfdng mai la td cbffc kinh doanb tidn td tin dung ed vi tri rCt quan trpng vdi tinh chd't rd't ridng, cdng vide da dang va phffc lap vdi nhidu vi tri edng vide khde nhau. Do dd, tra cdng lao ddng tai ngdn hang thffdng mai vffa cd nhffng dac didm gidng vdi cae id chffe, doanh nghiep nhffng eung ed nhffng net dac trubg rieng cua nganh nghe, linh vifc boat ddng. Trong khudn kho bai vid't, tde gia sff dung phffdng phdp tdng quan ly thuyet kdt hdp vdi nghidn cffu thffc td' lai cdc ngdn bang thrfdng mai Viet Nam, tff dd de xud't md hinh nghien cffu trd cdng lao ddng tai ngdn hang thrfdng mai Vidl Nam.
Trf khoa: Tra cdng lao dpng, quan tri tra edng lao ddng, tien Iffdng, tidn cdng, ngdn hang thrfdng mai.
1. D§t van A^
Trd edng lao ddng drfde nghien cffu vdi nhieu gdc dp tid'p can vd tdn gpi kbdc nhau nhff: tien lu'dng, tien cdng, thii lao lao dpng, dai ngd lao ddng,,.. Bat dau tff giffa thd ky 17 vdi vide di tim ban chd't cua tidn Iffdng - ben cdng, cdc nha kinh id hpc cd didn Anh nhff W. Petty, A. Smith, D.
Ricardo da ddng tinh vdi quan didm "tidn Iffdng la gia cd cua lao ddng". Song, phdi dd'n dau the' ky 19, Kari Marx mdi tim ra dffdc ban cha'l tbffe sff cua tien Iffdng va "tien Iffdng cbinb la gia cd cua sffc lao ddng". Sau nay cdc cdng irinh nghidn cffu ve tra cdng lao ddng da dd0c thffc hidn dffa trdn hpc thuyd't tien Iffdng eua Kari Marx. Tuy nhidn,
trong radi trrfdng canh tranh va kinh doanh bidn dai nhrfhien nay tbi lien Irfdng kbdng chi ddn thuan Id gid ca sffc lao ddng nffa ma nd edn phan anh md'i quan bd lao ddng giffa ngrfdi sif dung lao ddng va ngifdi lao ddng (Bd ludt Lao ddng, 2012; Pham Cdng Dodn, 2012; Tran Kim Dung, 2015) va tra edng kbdng cbi Id khoan cbi phi ma td chffe tra cho ngffdi lao ddng nham bCi ddp lai lao ddng qua khff cua hp ma cdn la khoan dau tff cho nhffng nang lffc tffdng lai ma ngffdi lao ddng ed ihd mang lai (F.
Herzberg, 1959; Le Quan, 2016). Hay ndi each khac, tra cdng lao ddng phai vffa bii dap dffde sffe lao ddng da bd ra vffa phdi dam bao tai san xud't sffe lao ddng gian ddn va md rdng. Lawler (2003)
S o l -Thdng 1/2019 357
TAP CHi CONG IHtftNC
lap ludn rang, dd'i xff vdi ngffdi lao ddng la dieu cd ban de tao ra bidu qud va thanh cdng trong td cbffc trong thd' ky 21 va vide cham sdc cho ngffdi lao ddng khdng phai Id mdt lffa chpn, ma la mdl dieu can ihid'l. Theo Roath va Schut (2009), "Dieu quan trpng phdi bieu la tra cdng lao dpng td't nha't kbi nd trd thanh phffdng lien dd dap ffng nbu cau ciia ca td chffe va nhan vien".
Tff vide thay ddi trong quan diem ve tra cdng lao dgng md qudn tri tra cdng lao ddng cung cd nhieu didm mdi, thay ddi phu hdp vdi quan diem qudn in hidn dai. Ngay nay, quan tri trd cdng lao dpng dffde tieh hdp chie'n Iffdc theo chid'n Iffdc kinh doanh va chie'n Irfdc ngudn nhan Irfc nham dat drfde muc lidu, tam nhin va sff menh cua td chffe.
Theo chieu dai lich sff, ly luan ve quan tri tra cdng lao ddng cung dffdc nghien cffu theo cdc gdc dd tid'p can vd quan diem khac nhau.
Nganh Ngdn bang Vidl Nam mdi thrfc srf bat dau phat tridn tff nam 1990. Tff he thd'ng ngdn hang mdt cap, de'n nay, ngdnh Ngdn bdng da phdt tridn vrfdt bdc, trd thdnh mot bd ihd'ng ddng dao cac ngan hang va ea td cbffc phi ngan hang chi trong vdng hdn 25 nam. Ngan hang thffdng mai chid'm ty Id cao nhd't trong sd' Iffdng cae ngSn hang hidn nay va cung ddng gdp rat Idn trong cdng cudc phat trien cua dd't nffdc. Dd cd dffdc nhffng kd't qua nhff ngdy nay, cdc ngdn bang thrfdng mai mdt mat khdng ngffng nang eao kha nang canh tranh trdn Ibi trrfdng lai chinh, mat kbdc dac bidt coi trpng cdng tac thu hut va phdt tridn ngudn nhan lffc ed chat Iffdng cao thich nghi vdi mdi trffdng hdi nhdp loan cdu. Ba Jennifer Low Yuen Fab, Tdng Gidm dd'c dieu hanh Vlalent khang dinh: "Vide ira Iffdng, Ihffdng tai cdc td cbffc ngan hang la mdt trong nhffng edng cu quan trpng tao ndn srf thay ddi trong qua trinh quan tri kinh doanh, xdy drfng thrfdng hidu, cung nhrf h-ong vide thu but nhan tdi va giff chan nhan tai". Song ihrfe id eung cho thd'y ddy la nganh rd't phffc tap vdi sff phdn hda rd rdt b-ong tra cdng lao ddng, ngrfdi lao ddng chiu nhieu dp life ve edng vide va thdi gian. Ngoai ra, tra cdng lao ddng tai cac ngan bang thrfdng mai cung edn kha dap khudn, chffa linh boat va chffa du ha'p ddn de ngffdi lao ddng gan bd Idu dai dac bidt la dd'i vdi nhffng "ngrfdi tdi".
Nghien cffu ve md hinb trd cdng lao ddng trong cac td chffe ndi chung va trong cac ngdn
hang thrfdng mai Viet Nam ndi ridng la he't sffc can thie't, nham de xuat mdt khung ly thuyd't ve trd edng lao ddng giup cho cae nha quan tri thu hut, giff chdn va lao ddng lffc cho ngrfdi lao ddng dd tff dd dat dffdc nhffng muc tidu ma td chffe, ngdn hang de ra.
2. Ndi dung
2.1. Khdi niem trd cong lao ddng trong ngan hdng thuang mgi
"Tra cdng lao dpng" la thudt ngff dffdc sff dung phd bien trong khoa hpc va thffc tidn quan tri nhdn lrfe. Tuy nhien, cho de'n nay vdn cd ra't nhieu cdch hieu va sff dung khac nhau. Trdn thd' gidi, thudt ngff nay thffdng dffdc dung nhff "Total Reward",
"Remuneration", "Compensation"...; Tai Vidt Nam, thi cac thudt ngff dffdc dung phd bid'n nhff
"Tidn Irfdng". "Tien cdng", "Thil lao lao ddng",
"Dai ngd lao ddng"... Dffdi gdc dp nghien cffu eua td cbffc, trong nghien cffu nay, tdc gid sff dung
"Tra cdng lao ddng " nham phan anh cdc boat ddng tra cdng cho ngffdi lao dong bao gdm td't ca cdc gid in ma ngrfdi lao ddng nhdn drfde, do do, thudt ngff nay trfdng drfdng vdi cac thuat ngff "Thii lao lao ddng day du ", tie'ng Anh la "Total Reward".
Cd rd't nhieu cdng trinh nghidn cuti vd ba edng lao ddng vdi cdc gdc dd tie'p can va quan diem kbdc nhau, nhrf: Quan diem tra cdng lao ddng chi bao gdm cdc gia tn tai chinh drfde cdc tdc gia nhff George T. Milkovich (2002), Td chffe Lao ddng Qudc te (ILO), Nguydn Tiep (2008), Ld Quan (2006), Trdn Tbi Thu (2010), Bd lual KLao ddng 2012 drfa ra, ma theo dd, tra cdng lao ddng la trd cac khoan bang tien va cd the quy ra lien nhff tien Irfdng va phuc ldi. Quan diem thff bai dffdc nhieu hoc gia nghien cffu va ddng tinh dd la trd cdng lao ddng bao gdm ta't cac cac gid tri ma ngrfdi sff dung lao ddng tra cho ngrfdi lao dpng tff edng vide cua td cbffc. Dien hinb la quan diem cua cac tdc gia va cac td chffe nghien cffu, nhrf: O'Neal (1998), Femander (1998), WoridatWork (2000), ArnisO-ong & Brown (2001), Thompson (2002), Manus & Graham (2003), WoridatWork (2006), Zhou Jiang, Qian Xiao & Henan Qi (2009), Harrison va Liska (2010), WoridatWork (2015), Nguydn Vdn Dien &
Nguydn Ngpc Quan (2010) va Tran Kim Dung (2015). Theo dd, ira cdng lao dpng khdng chi la b'a cdc gia tri ldi chinh nhrf tidn Irfdng va phuc ldi, ma cdn la cac gid tri phi tai chinh, nhrf: can bang cdng
358 Sol -Thdng 1/2019
TAI CHINH-NGAN HANG-BAO HIEM
vige va cudc sd'ng, mdi trrfdng ldm viec, srf phdt irien, cd bdi nghe nghiep,... md ngrfdi lao ddng nhan dffde tff td cbffc [ 1 ].
Khdi niem ve ngdn hdng thffdng mai drfde sff dung trong nghien cffu ndy Id khdi niem drfde rut ra tff Luat sd 47/2010/QH12 dd Id: "Ngdn bang thifdng mai la loai hinh ngdn bang diStic thrfc hidn ta'l ca cae boat ddng ngdn hang vd cdc boat ddng kinh doanh khac theo quy dmh eua phap luat nham muc tieu ldi nhuan". Theo Dieu IV eua Luat Cdc id chffe tin dung sd 47/2010/QH12 cua Qudc bdi thi hoat ddng ngdn bang Id vide kinh doanh, cung ling thffdng xuydn mdt hoac mdl sd cdc nghidp vu nhff: Nhan ben gffi, cap tin dung, eung ffng dich vu thanh loan qua tdi khodn vd cdc dich vu kbdc drfde ngan hing trung rfdng quyd't dinh trong tffng irrfdng hdp cii the.
Ngdn hang thffdng mai la mdl id chffc/doanh nghiep kinh doanb Irong iTnh vffc tai cbinb. Do do nhffng li luan ve tra edng lao ddng trong td chffc/doanh nghiep eung cbinb la nhffng li ludn vd tra cdng lao ddng trong ngdn hang thrfdng mai.
Dffa Iren cac nghien cffu vd trd cdng lao ddng vd khai nidm ve ngdn bang ihrfdng mai, lac gia de xua't khai mem ve tra cdng lao ddng trong ngan hang Ihffdng mai nhrf sau: "Tra cdng lao ddng bong ngSn hdng thrfdng mai la loan bd eae gid trj vat chat va phi vdt chat ma ngan hdng thrfdng mai tra eho ngrfdi lao ddng Irfdng xffng vdi nhffng ddng gop cua hp tdi sffmenh, mue tieu eua ngan hang".
2.2. Cdu true trd cong lao dgng tgi ngan hdng thUdng mgi Viet Nam
Tff khai niem ve tra cdng lao ddng trong ngdn hang Ihffdng mai ma tdc gid de xua't, theo dd, Cd'u tnic tra cdng lao ddng tai ngan bdng thrfdng mai Viet Nam bao gom tra cdng drfdi dang tai chinh (gia tri vat chat) bay cdn goi la thu lao tai chinh va tra cdng drfdi dang phi tai ehinh (gid tri phi vdt chat) bay la thu lao phi tai chinh" (Hinb 1). Cu the:
(1) Thu lao tdi chinh bao gdm Lrfdng ed ban;
Lifdng bid'n ddi; Phuc ldi; Phu cd'p;...
(2) Thu lao phi tai cbinb: Hpe tap vd phat tridn; Mdi trrfdng lam vide; Cd hdi thang tid'n; Can bang cupc sdng-cdng vide;...
2.3. Qudn tri trd cong lao dgng tgi cdc ngdn hdng thuang mgi Viet Nam
Qudn tri tra edng lao ddng la mdt phan cua quan tri nhSn Irfc vd la nhidm vu rd't quan trpng eua td
Hinh 1: Mo hinh cd'u true ira cong lao ddng tgi NHTM Viet Nam
Nguon; Tdc gid cbffc. Quan tri tra cdng lao ddng drfde drfa ra theo cac each tidp cdn vd quan didm khac nhau. Vdi cdch tie'p can qua trinh tbi quan tri tra cdng lao ddng se xuyen sudt tff vide thie't lap, tnen khai va duy tri hd Ihd'ng trd edng. Cdn each lid'p can lac nghidp tbi quan tri trd cdng lao ddng drfde drfa ra gdm cdc cdng vide trpng tam nhrf tbid'l lap be thd'ng thang bang Irfdng, Xay drfng ddn gid tien Iffdng, xay dffng quy chd' tra Irfdng, cdc hinh tbffe tra Iffdng; chrfdng trinh, kd hoach thrfdng, phuc ldi,...
Quan tri tra cdng lao ddng theo tid'p can qua trinh drfde cac hpe gia nghien cffu va trinh bdy nhff: Bob (2011), drfa ra quan diem: "Qua trinh tra edng lao ddng drfde xdy drfng drfa trdn trid't ly, quan didm va chie'n Irfdc trd cdng lao ddng, bao gdm vide phd'i hdp ehinh saeh va chid'n Irfdc, nguydn lac hrfdng dan, cd'u tnic vd phrfdng phdp va drfde qudn ly nham drfa ra va duy tri cac dang vd mffc tra Iffdng, phuc ldi vd cdc dang khac cua tra edng lao ddng". Quan tri tra edng lao ddng theo Bob (2011) bao gdm vide do lffdng gid tri cdng vide; ihid'l ldp va duy tri cau true trd Iffdng;
trd Irfdng theo hidu sud't (thdnh tieh); tra Irfdng theo nang Irfc vd ky nang; va cung cd'p cdc khoan phuc ldi cho ngffdi lao ddng. Ngodi ra, dng eung nha'n manh de'n qudn tri tra cdng lao ddng phai chu trpng cd dd'n cdc khoan "Irfdng phi tai cbinb"
bay nhffng gia in phi tai cbinb nham tao ddng life
So 1 -Thdng 1/2019 359
TAP CHl CONG THiflfNG
ben trong vd bdn ngoai cho ngrfdi lao ddng; Arm- strong (2014), Quan tri tra edng lao ddng la qud trinh gdm lap kd' hoach, tridn khai vd duy tri be thd'ng tra edng lao dpng (be thd'ng tra edng lao ddng dd lidn quan dd'n cac quy trinh, thrfc bidn va cae phffdng phdp tra cdng lao ddng, bao gdm danh gid tri cdng viec vd eon ngffdi, thiet kd'va qudn ly thang bang Iffdng, thffc bidn tra cdng va ghi nhan nhffng thdnh tich vd hidu sud't, cung cd'p nhffng phuc ldi va quan ly he thd'ng). Quan tri tra cdng lao ddng dffde nghien cffu tai Viet Nam tff rd't lau nhffng that ngff chu yd'u dffdc sff dung la "Td cbffc dai ngp lao ddng", "Quan iri tien Iffdng, tien edng", "Cd chd'tra cdng lao ddng"... Vdi tid'p can qua tnnh eae tdc gia Nguydn Tbi Minh Nhan &
Mai Thanh Lan (2016), Hodng Van Hai & Vu Thuy Dffdng (2010), da dffa ra "To chffe dai ngd lao ddng dffde tie'p can theo qua trinh gdm xdy dffng kd' hoach, tridn khai thffc hidn va danh gid hoat ddng dai ngd lao dpng".
Quan tri tra cdng lao ddng theo tid'p can tac nghidp lb) George T. Milkovich & John W.
Boudreau (2002) trinh bay qudn tri tra edng lao ddng gdm cdc ndi dung nhff: ehinh sdch lien Irfdng, xdy drfng ca'u true lien Irfdng vd tridn khai thffc hidn vide tra Iffdng; The WoridatWork (2015), cung cd'p cdc phrfdng phap dd thrfc hidn vide tra cdng lao ddng ffng vdi mdi loai edng eu, nhff: tra Irfdng ed ban, tra Irfdng thdnh tich; tra cac khoan thrfdng; phiic ldi,...; Tran Kim Dung (2015), ndi dung eua quan tri tra cdng lao ddng drfde de cap dd'n la thang, bang Iffdng, cdc hinh thffc tra Iffdng;
Nghidn cffu cua Nguyen Van Diem, Nguydn Ngoc Qudn (2007), ndi dung vd quan tri tra cdng lao ddng dffdc tdc gia trinh bay bao gdm: quan iri tien Irfdng va lien cdng; Quan iri cdc khuye'n khich tai cbinb vd Quan ly cac chffdng trinh phuc ldi eho ngrfdi lao ddng.
Drfa trdn cdc nghien cffu, tdc gid de xud't md binh quan iri tra cdng lao ddng tai ngan hdng Ihffdng mai (NHTM) Vidt Nam, bao gdm: Hoach dinb tra cdng lao dpng; To chffe tridn khai trd cdng lao ddng va Ddnh gid tra cdng lao ddng (Hinh 2).
(1) Hogch dinh trd cdng lao dgng
Nhidm vu trpng tdm la xdy dffng muc tidu, chid'n Iffdc tra cdng lao dgng, chinh sach tra edng lao ddng vd kd'hoach tra cdng lao ddng.
Chid'n Irfdc bra cdng lao ddng (Reward strategy), dat ra nhffng drf dinb ma ngdn bang thffdng mai mud'n thffc hidn trong giai doan dai dd phdt trien va tridn khai cac chinh sdch, thffc hien va qud trinh tra cdng lao ddng, cdi ma se giup cho ngdn hang thffdng mai dat dffdc ede muc tidu de ra.
Cbinb sach tra cdng lao ddng (Reward pohcies), giai quyet cdc vd'n de Idn sau: Xdc dinh mffc Iffdng, cd tinh dd'n gia thi trffdng, mffc Iffdng trong to chffe ndn so sanh vdi gia ca sffc lao ddng b-dn thi trffdng lao ddng; Dat dffde tra Iffdng cdng bang, canh tranh bdn ngoai va cdng bang trong ndi bd; Phffdng phdp trd cdng lao ddng; Pham vi cho vide sff dung rfa Iffdng bie'n ddi lidn quan dd'n hidu suat, nang lffc, ddng gdp hoac ky nang; Vai trd cua cdc cap quan ly; Minh bach - Cdng khai thdng tm ve cau true va qua irinh tra cdng eho ngrfdi lao ddng.
Xdy drfng kd' hoach trd cdng lao ddng cua id cbffc can chu trpng de'n vide sff dung hai binh thffc tra cdng lao ddng cd ban la thu lao tai chinh va thu lao phi tai cbinb. Trong dd, ibil lao tai chinh la hinh tbffe tra cdng drfde thrfc hidn thdng qua cdc cdng cu lai chinh, nhrf: Lrfdng cd ban, Irfdng bie'n doi (cac khuye'n khich lai chinh), phuc ldi, phu cap. Cdn thil lao phi tdi chinh drfde thrfc hien thdng qua cdc edng cu phi tdi ehinh nhrf: Cdng vide, cd hdi thang tid'n, mdi irrfdng lam viee, ddo tao vd phat trien, can bang giffa cdng vide va cudc sd'ng,... Vide xay Hinh 2: Md hinh qudn trj tra cdng tao ddng tgi ngdn hdng thifdng mgi Viet Nam
Hoach dinh t r i cong lao dong
• X&y dyng myc ueu;
• Xay d ^ g cfaien luffc tra cdng lao
• Xdy ^ag chinh sich tra cong lao dOng
• LJp ke ho?ch ira cfing lao A^ng
T o chffc t r i e n khai tra cSng lao
dong
• Tri^n khai k^ ho^ch tri cong lao d^ng
• T 6 chiic b? may thtfc h i ^ Iii c£ng lao
• Tifin hanh ira cdng tao dOng dfin rtmg nguin lao dpng
Danh gia tra cong lao d§ng
• TiSu chuIn dinh gii h i ^ qua tra cfing lao d ^ g
• Do liiong cac k ^ t q u i cbi yeu ciia tra cdng lao d^ng
• Chi ra nhiing ini diem, h?p che va nguyin Dbln cua h?
Ih6ng t r i cdng lao d$ng
• Thtfc h i ^ cic bi^n p h ^ khic [dive v i hoin ta^a H th^ngira c6ng lao d^ng
Ngudn: Tdc gid 360 So 1 -Thang 1/2019
TAI CHiNH-NGAN HANfi-BAD HIEM
drfng kd hoach tra cdng lao ddng cua td cbffc can chu y dam bdo mdt sd' nguyen tac va ydu eau nbd'l dinh nhrf: nguydn tac tap trung dan chu, khoa hpc thffc tidn, hdi hda; ydu cdu cdng bang, edng khai, kip thdi, cd tinb cd ly, rd rang, dd bieu. Mpt sd' chrfdng tnnh va kd'hoach trd cdng lao ddng cd the ke de'n nhff: Ke hoach tra Irfdng cd ban, ke' hoach tra Irfdng bid'n ddi, ke hoach thu lao phi tdi chinh, chffdng trinh phuc ldi,...
(2) To chiic triin khai trd cdng lao ddng, cu the cdc cong viic cdn thuc hiin nhu sau;
- Tridn khai kd hoach tra cdng lao ddng + Trd Irfdng ed ban (Base pay): Danh gid cdng vi6c (Job evaluation); Phan ticb gia trdn thi trffdng lao ddng (Market rate analysis); Sap xe'p va cd'u true Iffdng cd ban - thang bang Iffdng - Hd thd'ng lu'dng cd ban (Grade and pay structure).
+ Tra Irfdng bid'n ddi - Irfdng thanh tich hay tra lifdng theo danb gid bieu sua'l (Contingent pay - Variable pay) la Irfdng lang thdm drfde xac dinb drfa trfin hidu sud't (cd nhan, nhdm hoac tap thd), srf ddng g(3p, nang life, ky nang vd kmh nghidm. Cae cdng vide can phai lam dd tra Irfdng bien ddi la: Ddnh gid ket qua cdng vide (hieu suat ea nbdn, nhdm, id chffe); Danh gia mffc dd ddng gdp cua ed nhan;
Danh gid nang life, ky nang va kinh nghidm ea nhdn sff dung dd hodn thanh edng vide, nhidm vu.
+ Phuc ldi lao ddng (Employee benefits), bao gom cac khoan phu cd'p, trd cd'p, cdc khoan drfde tra khi dm dau, bao hidm, xe cdng ty (dffa ddn, di lai) va nhffng dac quyen kbdc ma ngrfdi lao ddng
drfde hffdng drfdi dang tien mat, hoac cac dang kbdc nhau nhff: Ngdy Id, ngdy nghi hang nam, kham sffc khde dinb ky, chuydn du lich, „
+ Thu lao phi tdi chinh (Non-financial revi^ard).
Thd lao phi tai cbinb la khoan thu lao khdng lien quan dd'n bd't ky khoan thanh todn trrfc tid'p nao va thrfdng phat sinh tff chinh cdng vide cua ngffdi lao ddng, nhrf: Huy chffdng (huy hidu, giai dirfdng), srf tff do, thoai mdi trong cdng vide, sff cdng nhan (khen tang), mdi trffdng dd phdt tridn ky nang, cd bdi hoc tap, phdt tridn nghi nghidp, thang tie'n,...
- To chffe bd may thffc Men tra edng lao ddng;
- Tid'n bdnh trd edng lao ddng dd'n tffng ngffdi lao ddng.
(3) Ddnh gid trd cdng lao ddng
Trong vd sau qua trinh tridn khai thrfc hien tra cdng lao ddng can tbid'l danb gid kd't qua thrfc bien nham danb gid kd't qua va hieu qua cua boat ddng tra cdng lao ddng drfde ap dung, danh gid srf cdng bang, hdp ly, danh gia mffc dd phu hdp giffa nhu cau cua ngrfdi lao ddng vdi kd'hoach, cbinb sach tra cdng lao ddng hidn nay dang dffde sff dung. Tff dd, cd cdc dieu chinh phu hdp, kip thdi, nham ndng cao hieu qua eua vide tridn khai thrfc hien cae ke' hoach, ehinh sdch nay [21.
2.4. Cdc nhdn tddnh hU&ng de'n trd cong lao dgng tgi ngdn hdng thUdng mgi Viet Nam
Cd rat nhieu cae nghien cffu da ehi ra nhffng nbdn td' anh hrfdng dd'n tra cdng lao ddng trong td cbffc. Tdc gia da ldng hdp mdt sd' nghidn ciJu dien hinh vd trinh bay trong Bang 1.
Bang 1. Tong hdp cac nhan tddnh hifdng den trd cong lao dpng trong td chQc
sn
1
2 Tac gia Nguyein Quang Trung (2006) Nguyen Van Diem
&
Nguydn Ngpc Qu§n (2007)
Cac nhan toanfi iirfdng den tra cdng lao ddng
+ Nhdm niian to khacii quan Ivldi triidng kinii te xa hdi, mof trudng ciiinii trj phap iuat va thj trudng iao dong,
+ Nhdm nhan td chu quan: Chien iUdc, chi'nh sach cua doanh nghiep, ban sac van hda trong doanh nghiep, cd cau td chdc cua doanh nghiep, ban than cdng viec va nhan to thuoc ve ban than ngudi lao ddng (nang iLfc, kinh nghiem, SLI trung thanh).
+ Yeu td thudc mdi trddng ben ngoar Thj trudng iao ddng, si; khac biet ve tien Iffdng theo vung, cac mong dpi cua xa hdi, van hda, phong tuc, tap quan, cac to chdc cdng doan, iuat phap va cac quy djnh ciia chinh phCi, tinh trang cua nen kinh te;
+ Yeu to thudc vd to chdc: LTnh viJc, nganh nghe san xuat - kinh doanh, \6 chdc cdng doan, kha nang tai chinh, quy md doanh nghiep, trinh dp trang bi ky thuat, quan diem, triet iy cija to chdc trong tra iIfdng;
+ Yeu td thupc ve cdng viec' Ky nang, trach nhiem, cd gang, dieu kien iam vide;
+ Ydu td thudc ve ca nhan ngUdi iao ddng- Kdt qua hoan thanh cdng viec, tham nien, kinh nghiem, sy trung thanh, tiem nSng.
So 1-Thdng 1/2019 361
TAP CHi CONt IHUlNt
STT
3
4
5
6
7
8 Tac gia
DdThi Ttidi (2013)
Nguyen Thj Hdng ThIm (2014)
Tran Kim Dung (2015)
Ld Qudn (2016)
George T.
Milkovich &
John W.
Boudreau (2002)
I^ichaei Armstrong
(2015)
Cac nhan to anh hudng den tra cong lao di^ng + Quan diem tra iuong va ddi ngu lam cdng tac lien iffdng trong doanh nghiep;
+ Dac diem tinh chat cdng viec;
+ Cac yeu td thj trudng;
+ Cac quy dmh phap luat ve lien luong irong doanh nghiep;
+ Cdng doan trong doanh nghiep.
Ket qua nghien cdu dmh lUdng danh gia mdc dp anh hudng ci!ia 4 nhdm nh§n to d i n phffong phap tra cdng lao dpng theocdche thj trudng dUOc mdta qua ham hoi quy: loge(P(Y=1)/P(Y=0))
= -27,041 + 3,318 dpi ngu can bo LD-TL + 3,084 cac quy dmh phap luat ve tien Iffdng +1,474 chii doanh nghiep + 3,649 cdng bang trong tidn lUPng tra cho ngrfdi lao ddng.
\ ^ n hda to chrfc co anh hrfdng dang ke len hd thong thrfdng, bao gdm mffc dp sff dung tidn thudng, nguydn tac, can cd va each thffc phan bo tien thudng.
+ Cac yeu td ben ngoai: Th| trrfdng lao ddng, cac to chdc cdng doan, sff khac biet ve tra iUong theo vung dia ly, cac quy dmh va lu&t phap cua chinh phu, cac mong dpi xa hpi, phong tuc, tap quan;
+ Cac yeu to thudc ve to chdc: LTnh vuc, nganh nghi san xuat - kinh doanh, to chirc cdng doan, kha nSng tai chinh, quy md doanh nghiep, trinh dd trang bi ky thu§t, quan didm va triet ly cDa doanh nghiep;
+ Yeu td thudc ve cdng viec: Kien thiJc, ky nang, trach nhiem, co gang va dieu kien lam viec;
+ Yeu td thupc ve ca nhan' Ket qua thuc hien cong vide, nang suat, chat lUdng, kinh nghidm, tham niem, kha nang thang tien, kha ndng phat trien va srf rfa thich ca nhan.
Chien iKdc cCia doanh nghidp; Gia trj cdng viec (kien thCic, ky nSng, tri lye, the lye, mdi trffdng va trach nhiem cdng viec); Gia tn cua ngrfdi lao dpng [mile dp hoan thanh cdng vide, kinh nghiem, tham nien, sy trung thanh, tiem nang; Kha n§ng chi tra cua doanh nghiep; Luat phap; Thda rfdc tSp t h i ; Sdc mua cOa ddng tidn; lyiffc ludng trong nganh; Dac diem cua thj tnidng lao dpng.
+ Cac yeu to td ben ngoai: kinh td, nhdng quy dmh cua nha nudc va cdng doan;
+ Cac yeu td thudc ve td chffe;
+ Cac dac diem cua ngudi lao ddng.
+ Nhdm cac ydu td anh budng den viec thiet lap va thrfc hien chinh sach va chien Irfdc tra cdng lao dpng: Mdi trudng ben trong (VSn hda cua td chdc, Loai hinh cOa t6 chdc, LTnh vyc kinh doanh, Mdl trudng lam vide, Ngudi lao ddng, Cbien Irfpc kmh doanh, Bdu khdng khi, Yeu td chinh tq va xa hpi cua td chdc); IVIdi trudng ben ngoai (Toan cdu hda, Mffc lUdng trdn thj Inidng lao ddng, Nen kinh td, Cac yeu to xa hdi, Cac t6 chiSc cdng doan).
+ Cac yeu t6 anh hudng den mile iffdng cCia td chdc: Ban chat cua thi tnidng lao ddng (ben ngoai va ben trong); Thuyet kinh td cd dien (ludt kinh td cung va cau); Hpc thuyet gia tr; lao dpng;
Thuyet ve v5n nhdn luc; Thuyet tiln luong hi#u qua; Thuydt ngffdi d?i didn; Thuydt giao keo no"
lffc; Ly thuyet vd giai dau.
+ Cac yeu tdanh hudng den mirc irfdng ca nhdn: Gia tn cdng viec, Gia tn cua ngudi lao ddng, Cdc mdi quan hd ben trong, Quan didm vd tra lUdng cua td chyc. Kha nSng tai chinh, Chinh sdch dau trf vao vdn nhdn lye cua td chffe, Td chrfc cdng doan, va Cung, cau tren th; InJdng lao ddng.
Ngudn: Tdc gid tdng hgp
TAI CHiNH-NGAN H A N G - B J I O HIEM
Tff cac kd't qua nghien cffu ciia cdc tac gia (Bang 1) vd nghien cffu cu the tai ngdn bdng thffdng mai Vidl Nam, lac gid ke' thffa, phat trien vd de xua't cdc nhdn td' dnh hffdng de'n tra cdng lao dpng trong ngdn hang thffdng mai Viet Nam, bao gdm: Cac nhdn Id' thudc mdi trffdng vT md;
Cac nhdn thudc mdi trffdng ngdnh; Cac nhdn td'c thupc vd ngan bdng ihffdng mai, Cdc nhdn id' thuoc ve cdng vide; va Cdc nhdn to' thudc ve ngffdi lao ddng (Hinb 3).
3. Md hinh nghidn uSu tra cdng lao dpng tai ngdn hang thffrfng maii Vi^t Nam
Tac gid lffa chon dd'i Iffdng nghien cffu la Ngdn h&ng Thffdng mai Co phan Dau tff va Phdt trien Viet Nam. Tff md binh nghien cffu tra cdng lao dpng tai ngan hang ihffdng mai Viet Nam, tac gia xay dffng va de xuat md hinh nghidn ciJu tra edng lao ddng tai Ngdn hang Thffdng mai Cd phan Dau Iff va Phat tridn Viet Nam nhff (Hinh 4).
4. Ke't luan
Md hinh nghien cffu vd trd cdng lao ddng tai ngdn hdng thffdng mai Viet Nam vd md hinh nghien cffu tra cdng lao ddng tai Ngdn hang Thffdng mai Cd phan Dau tff vd Phdt trien Viet
Hinh 3: Cdc nhdn td anh hifdng den trd cdng lao dgng trong ngdn hdng thifdng mgi Viet Nam
Ngudn: Tdc gid
Nam md tac gid dd xuCl la bffdc dau nghidn cffu xay dffng khung ly thuye't nghien ciJu ve trd cdng lao ddng. Nghien cffu nham giup eae nha qudn Iri tai cac ngan hang cd thd xdy dffng nen md hinh trd cdng lao ddng hidu qua eung nhrf hodn thidn he thd'ng tra edng lao ddng tai ngan hdng minh •
Hinh 4: Md hinh nghien c(fu trd cdng lao ddng tgi Ngdn hdng ThUdng mgi Co phdn Ddu tif vd Phdt triSn Viet Nam
Tra cdng lao ddng tai Ngan hang TMCP Dau tu va Phat
Irien VN
/ Ket qua ^ / thrfc hien tra cdng lao ~^
- >-l dpng tai Ngan hdng V TMCP Dau trf va Phat /
^ . trien VN ^ /
•
De xuat giai phap hoan thien tra cdng lao ddng tgi Ngan hang TMCP Dau tu va Phat trien VN
Ngudn: Tdc gid
S o l -Thang 1/2019 363
TAP CHi CdNG THIftfNG
T A I L I E U T H A M K H A O :
7. Mai Thanh Lan, Nguyen Thi Minh Nhdn (2016), Gido trinh Qudn tri nhdn lUc cdn ban. NXB Thdng ki, Hd Ngi.
2. Pham Thi Thanh Hd. Nguyen Thi Minh Nhdn (2018). Tong quan ly thuyet ve trd cong lao ddng vd qudn tri trd cong lao dgng: Quan diem qudc te vd tai Viet Nam. Tap chi Cong Thuang, So 2 - thdng 2/2018, trang 112 -118.
3. Qudc hoi (2010). Ludt Cdc To chUc tin dung cua Qudc hdi s647/2010/QH12
4. B. Chandra Mohan Patnaik & Prabir Chandra Padhi (2012), Compensation Management: A theoretical preview, TRANS Asian Journal of Marketing & Management Research, Vol.1,Issue 1, pp.39-48. Available from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259786503_Compensation_Managemenl_A_theoreiical_preview- [accessed Dec 15 2017].
5. Bob N. (2011), Making employees suggestions Count, Journal of Personnel Management. No.l7. pp. 20-41.
6. Armstrong M & Brown D. (2005), Relating Competences to pay: The UK Experience, Compensation and Ben- efit Review, Vol. 18, Issue 2, pp 295-310
7. Michael Armstrong (2014), Reward Management, 5th Edition, Kogan Page, London.
8. Harrison D. A. & Liska N. (2010), Promoting Regular Exercise in Occupational Fitness Programme, Journal of Personal Psychology. Vol.5. Issue 5, pp. 27-45.
Ngay nhgn bai: 23/12/2018
Ngay phan bien danh gia va su'a chffa: 3/1/2019 Ngay cha'p nh$n dang bai: 13/1/2019 Thdng tin tdc gid;
NCS. PHAM THI THANH HA Trt^cfng Dai hpc Thffrfng mai
THE RESEARCH MODEL ON THE LABOR REMUNERATION AT VIETNAMESE COMMERCL^L BANKS
• Ph,D student PHAM THI THANH HA Thuongmai University ABSTRACT:
Wage labor has always been a bot issue for over three decades. In the 19tb century, Karl Mark found that the nature of wages is the monetary compensation paid by an employer to an employee in exchange for work done. Primarily from the finding of Kari Mark, the content of labor remuneration has been researched, developed and increasingly enhanced in terms of theoretical aspects. In practice, the labor remuneration is also a great concern among managers in aU industries includmg the banking industry in general and commercial banks in particular. Commercial banks are financial institutions which have specific characteristics, diversified and complex business fields and different job positions. Therefore, the labor remuneration at commercial banks has the same characteristics as other organizations and businesses in different indusbies but also has its own characteristics. In the scope of this article, the author used the method of theoretical overview combined with a practical research that was carried out at Vietnamese commercial banks, thereby proposmg a research model on the labor remuneration at Vietnamese commercial banks.
Keywords: Wage labor, managing wage labor, salary, wage, commercial banks.