inun i'UVifb ncoi
Ap dung he thong quan li chat iifdng theo ISO 9000 vk Hnh vifc (lao tao va iihuhg van
0e can quan tam sau chuhg nhan ISO
1. Tong quan
ISO 9000 la tieu chuan dUdc cdng nhan toan cau danh eho he thdng quan ly chat lUdng (QMS). He thong nay cung cap cho cdng ty, trUdng hpc b&ng khudn kho va bd nguyen t&c de dam bao phUdng phap y thdc chung cho viec quan ly cae boat ddng eiia doanh nghiep, nha trUdng dat dUdc thda man khach hanh mdt each nhat quan,
Bd tieu chuan ISO 9000 qui tu kinh nghiem cua Qudc te trong ITnh vUc quan ly va dam bao chat lUdng tren cd sd phan tich cac quan he giOa ngUdi mua va ngUdi cung cap (nha san suat, cd sd to chdc dao tao).
Day chinh la phUdng tien hieu qua giup c^c nha san xuat, cac nha trUdng tU xay dUng va ap dung he thong dam bao chat lUdng d cd sd minh, ddng thdi cung la phUdng tien ma ben mua cd the can cif vao dd tien hanh kiem tra ngUdi san xuat, kiem tra sU on dinh eua san xuat, eua dao tao va chat lUdng san pham dao tao trUde khi ky hdp ddng. ISQ 9000 dUa ra eae ehuan mUc cho mpt he thdng chat lupng va cd the ap dung rpng rai trong cac ITnh vUe san xuat, kinh doanh va dich vu dao tao. ISO 9000 hudng d i n cac To chdc cung nhu cac doanh nghiep, cac cP sd dao tao xay dUng mdt md hinh quan ly thich hdp va van ban hoa eae yeu td cua he thong chat lUdng theo md hinh da chpn.
NhOng triet ly eP ban ma ISQ 9000 dUa ra ve mdt he thdng quan ly chat lupng la phu hdp vdi nhCing ddi hdi cua cac doanh nghiep, cd sd dao tao hien nay. The hien d nhOng diem sau:
- Hieu qua chat lUpng la van de chung cua loan bd to chLfc. Chi cd the tao ra mpt san pham, mdt dich vu cd chat lUdng, ed tinh canh tranh cao khi ma ca he thong dUdc to chdc tdt, dd la sU phdi hdp de eai tien hoan thien le loi lam viec.
- Phai lam dung, lam td't ngay tit ban dau.
- Neu eao vai trd phdng ngda la ehinh trong mpi boat ddng cua to chifc. Viee tim hieu, phan tich cae nguyen nhan anh hudng tdi ket qua boat ddng cua he thdng va nhOng bien phap phdng ngi/a dUdc tien hanh thudng xuyen vdi nhQng cdng eu kiem tra hCfu hieu.
- Thoa man tdi da nhu cau cua ngUdi tieu dimg, cua xa hdi la muc dich cua he thdng dam bao chat lUdng.
ThS. NGUYEN DLfC CA Trudng Cao dang Hang Hai I - De cao vai trd cua djch vu theo nghTa rdng, tUc la quan tam den phan mem ciia san pham, den dich vu.
Viee xay dUng he thong phue vu la mpt phan quan trpng cua chien lUdc san pham dao tao, chie'n lUpc canh tranh cua mdt cd sd dao tao. Thdng qua dd uy tin cua cd sd dao tao ngay cang Idn va dUdng nhien ldi nhuan se tang.
- Trach nhiem doi vdi ke't qua hoat ddng cua to chdc thudc ve ti/ng ngUdi. Phan dinh rd trach nhiem cua ti/ng ngUdi trong to chdc, cdng viec se dUdc thUc hien hieu qua hdn.
- Quan tam den chi phi de thoa man nhu cau- cu the la dd'i vdi gia thanh. Phai tim each giam chi phi an cua dao tao, dd la nhOng ton that do qua trinh boat ddng khdng phu hdp, khdng chat lUdng gay ra, chuf khdng phai do chi phi dau vao.
- Dieu noi bat xuyen sudt bd tieu chuan ISO 9000 la cae van de lien quan den con ngUdi. Neu khdng tao dieu kien de tat ea mpi ngUdi nhan thOc dUdc dung vai trd va tam quan trpng ciia chat lUdng cd anh hudng true tiep den quyen ldi ciia hp va khdng tao cho hp cd dieu kien phat huy dUdc mpi kha nang thi he thd'ng ehatlUdng se khdng dat dUdc ke't qua nhU mong ddi.
2. Cau true cua Bo tieu chuan ISO 9000
Bd tieu chuan ISO 9000 dUde ban hanh vao nam 1987, sau mdt thdi gian ap dung. Ban ky thuat TC - 176 da nghien cdu cac nhan xet va gdp y cua cac nude trong qua trinh ap dung, tie'n hanh xem xet, bo sung va ban hanh lan 2 nam 1994. Trong nhOng nam cudi cua the ky 20, cac tieu chuan ISO 9000 lai dUdc xem xet, sifa doi, bo sung theo cac yeu cau mdi va thang 12 nam 2000, ISO 9001: 2000 dUdc ban hanh lan thir 3 thay the eho bd 3 tieu chuan ISO 9001, 9002 va 9003:1994.
ISQ 9001: 2000 vdi tieu de chinh thdc la He thong quan ly chat lupng - Cac yeu eau (Quality manage- ment systems-Requirements), khdng gpi la He thdng dam bao chat lupng (Quality Assurance) nhU lan ban hanh thd nhat (1987) va thir hai (1994).
Tieu ehuan ISQ 9004: 2000 cung ddng thdi dUdc ban hanh tren cd sd soat xet lai tieu chuan ISQ 9004:
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1994. ISQ 9004: 2000 dupe sir dung ciing vdi ISO 9001:2000 nhu la 1 cap thong nha't cac tieu chuan ve he thong quan ly chat lupng. ISO 9004:
2000 dUa ra cac chi d i n ve ddi tUdng ap dung he thong quan ly chat lUdng 6 mpt pham vi rdng hdn.
3. Noi dung cua ISO 9001:2000
Cac yeu cau ciia He thong quan ly chat lUdng (HTQLCL) theo ISO 9001: 2000 dUdc trinh bay trong hinh ve dudi day la sU minh hpa tong quai md hinh quan ly chat lUdng theo ISQ 9001:2000 vdi phUdng phap tiep can qua trinh. Trong dc khach hang ddng vai trd quan trpng trong viec xac dinh yeu eau dau vao va theo ddi sU thoa man ciia khach hang la can thiet de danh gia va xac nhan cac yeu cau eua khaeh hang ed dUdc dap irng hay khdng.
Cac yeu eau ciia HTQLCL dUdc sap xep trong 4 muc Idn:
Muc 5: Trach nhiem cua quan ly/ lanh dao.
Muc 6: Quan ly ngudn lUc.
Mue 7: Thue hien san pham. >\,,: ^, • Mue 8: Do lUdng, phan tich va cai tie'n.
PhUdng phap tiep can qua trinh coi mpi boat ddng tiep nhan dau vao va chuyen hoa chung thanh cac dau ra la mdt qua trinh. Mdt to chifc thudng phai quan ly nhieu qua trinh cd lien he mat thie't vdi nhau va dau ra ciia qua trinh nay se trd thanh dau vao ciia qua trinh tiep theo. PhUdng phap tiep can qua trinh la viec xac dinh va quan ly mpt each cd he thdng cac qua trinh dUdc thuc hien trong 1 to chifc va sU tUdng tac giOa chung vdi nhau.
4. Cac budc ap dung ISO 9000 tai cd sd dao tao Mudn xay dUng va ap dung thanh cdng He thdng chat lUdng theo ISO 9000 can tuan theo cac budc sau day:
Budc 7; Phan tich tinh hinh va hoach dinh phUdng an
- Lanh dao nha trUdng phai xac dinh rd vai trd ciia chat lupng va cam ke't xay dUng va thUe hien He thdng quan ly chat lUdng cho td chUe minh.
- Thanh lap Ban chi dao xay dUng'va thue hien He thdng quan ly chat lupng.
- Pho bien, nang cao nhan thUc ve ISO 9000 va tien hanh dao tao eho eae thanh vien trong Ban chi dao.
- Quyet dinh pham vi ap dung He thdng.
- Khao sat He thdng kiem soat chat lUdng hien cd;
thu thap cac chii trUdng, chinh sach hien cd ve chat lupng va cac thii tuc hien hanh.
- Lap ke hoach xay dUng va thUc hien He thdng chat lupng theo ISO 9000 va phan cdng traeh nhiem.
Bude 2: Xay dUng He thdng chat lupng
- Dao tao cho ti/ng cap ve ISQ 9000 va each xay
c i l lien lien tuc he thong quan ly chit Itnng
Khich lung (va cac Wri quan tam)
Ihoa
1 Gnichii
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Mua! if>i^<i gia Idny g.a It Dotiu Ihoriu t'li
dung eae van ban.
- Viet chinh sach va mue tieu chat.lupng dUa tren yeu cau ciia ISO 9000 va muc tieu boat ddng ciia to chifc.
- Viet cac thil tuc va ehi dan cdng viec theo ISO 9000.
- Viet so tay chat lUdng.
- Cdng bd chinh sach chat lUPng va quyet dinh ciia to chifc ve viec thUc hien cac yeu td eiia He thdng quan ly chat lupng. Cd the ap dung thidiem rdi sau dd mdi md rdng.
- Thif nghiem he thdng mdi trong mdt thdi gian nhat djnh.
Bude 3: Hoan chinh
- To chUe danh gia npi bd de khang djnh sU phu hdp va hieu life ciia He thdng quan ly chat lUdng.
- De xuat va thUe hien cae bien phap khSc phue sai sdt.
- Mdi mdt to ehUe ben ngoai den danh gia sd bd.
- De xuat va thUe hien cae bien phap khlie phuc sai sdt de hoan chinh He thdng chat lUdng. . ,
Si/dc 4; Xin chirng nhan
- Hoan ehinh cae hd sd va xin chirng nhan ciia 1 td chifc ehUng nhan ISO 9000.
5. Cac Id! ich khi ap dung ISO 9000 do'i vdi cd s6 dao tao
5.1. Ddi vdi ben ngoai
- Thdng qua viec ap dung cd hieu lUc va hieu qua he thdng quan ly chat lUdng ISO se nang cao hinh anh, uy tin ciia nha trUdng trong xa hdi ndi chung, ddi vdi nha tuyen dung (khach hang) ndi rieng.
- Thdng qua cac boat ddng do ludng, phan tich, cai tien se dap irng ngay cang tdt hon cac yeu cau ciia khach hang.
5.2. Ddi vdi npi bp ''
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- Giup danh gia ke't qua thUc hien cdng viec ciia cac phdng, khoa thdng qua cac muc tieu cu the, do ludng dUdc.
- Giam thieu viec lanh dao tham gia nhieu vao cac cdng viec mang tinh s u v u , giup can bp vien chOc hieu va thuc hien diing, du trach nhiem va quyen han ciia minh.
- Kiem soat cac qua trinh mpt each cd hieu qua, g i i i p n a n g c a o c h a t l U d n g d a y v a h o c . - Tao ra phong each lam viee khoa hpc, tu duy he thong.
- Thie't lap mdi quan he hdp tae, canh tranh lanh manh giCJa cac ddn vj trong trUdng.
5.3. Ddi vdi cac em hpc sinh - sinh vien
- DUdc cung cap nhOng djch vu phuc vu hpc tap toi Uu nha't trong dieu kien kha dTciia nha trUdng.
- Cac yeu cau chinh dang dUdc giai quyet nhanh chdng theo mdt quy trinh cu the (Quy trinh giai quyet cac yeu cau sinh vien).
- Cac quyen ldi ciia HS-SV dUdc tdn trpng. Nha trudng ludn lang nghe va xem xet mUc dp hai ldng ciia HS-SV de cd nhufng cai tien phu hdp.
6. NhOTng van de can quan tam sau chufng nhan ISO
- Duy tri SLf cam ket va quan tam eua lanh dao to chifc.
- Can cd md hinh to chdc thich hdp cho viec duy tri va cai tie'n He thdng chat lUdng (can phan biet vdi chdc nang kiem tra chat Iddng). Sau khi dat dUdc chu'ng nhan ISO 9000 phai cd dUdc cau tra ldi thdng nha't oho cae eau hdi nhu "Ai chju traeh nhiem vdi chat lUdng hoat ddng ciia He thdng chat lUdng?", "Ai la ngUdi xae djnh xem He thdng chat lUdng se nhU the nao va can gi trong 3 nam, 5 nam hay xa hdn?".
- Cd dil nhan sU cd nang lUc de quan ly he thdng chat lupng da dUpc xay dung (QMR, thd ky/dieu phdi
vien ISO).
- Cd du nang lUc va nhan thirc ehung ve quan ly chat lUdng vdi cae nhan su quan ly va nhan vien d cac
cap.
- Cd dil nang lUc danh gia ndi bo de xac djnh sU phu hdp, hieu lUc ciia He thong chat lUdng va dac biet la cac c d hpi cai tie'n.
- Npi dung cac tai lieu ciia He thong chat lUdng phai thich hop vdi boat ddng ciia to chufc va phan anh dUdc nhQng mong ddi mdi ciia lanh dao to chifc.
- Cd cd che khuye'n khich dpng vien, khen thudng, ky luat thich hdp de cung co viec ap dung cac yeu cau cua He thong chat lUdng.
- Kha nang trien khai chien lUdc ya hudng vao cai tie'n hieu qua hoat dpng ciia He thong chat lUdng phai cao.
- Phai sif dung mpt each day dii va hieu qua cac cdng cu quan ly phuc vu cho boat dpng cai tie'n.
- Lien ke't mpt each cd hieu qua giCfa boat ddng quan ly chat lUdng va cac boat ddng quan ly khac trong to chifc. ,-
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Bo tieu chuan ISO 9000 - To chUc Tieu chuan hoa Quoc te (ISO) cong bo nam 1987.
2. Tran Khanh DUc: Quan ly va kiem dinh chat lUdng dao tao nhan lUc, NXBGD, 2004.
3. Nguyin Minh Dudng: To chuc va quan ly qua trinh dao tao, Vien nghien cUu phat trien giao duo, Ha Noi, 1996.
4. Vu Ngpc Hal, Tran Khanh DUc cung nhieu tac gia: He thong giao due hien dai trong nhQng nam dau the ky 21, NXBGD, 2004.
5. Vu Ngoc Hal: Cac mo hinh quan ly nha nUdc ve giao due. Tap chf Phat trien giao due so 6(54), Ha Noi, 2003.
6. Pham Sy Tien: Xay dung he thong dam bao chat lUdng - Mpt glal phap de phat trien dao tao sau dai hpc. Tap chf Dal hpc & Giao due chuyen nghiep, thang 3/99.
7. Nguyen Quang Toan: ISO 9000 & TQM - Thie't lap he thong quan ly hUdng vao chat lupng, NXB Thong ke, TP.
HCM, 1999. • •
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To ChtfC... C^'^'P '"^^ ^'^"3 34)
hien nay.
Do dd neu Bd GD&DT cd ehii trUPng thUe hien mdt hpc ky qud'c phdng thi rat hay vi nhU vay Idp hpc sinh da den tuoi thanh nien can phai dupe hpe tap ve quan sU, qudc phdng, mdt each chinh quy. Sau nay neu tham gia quan dpi se bdt dupe thdi gian luyen tap ban dau, neu vao cdng tae d eP quan, cdng ty, nha may hay ve san xuat d ndng thdn se la lUe lUdng dan quan tU ve rat td't, thu'c hien dUPc chii trUPng "ddng vi binh, tTnh vi dan" ma tU thdi nha Tran d nUde ta da tie'n hanh. Ch&c ban ehung ta chUa quen, thdi ky nam 1975 phai huy ddng cap tdc sd thanh nien vao quan dpi de tham gia chie'n dich giai phdng mien Nam, nen dieu ddng ca
5 4 DAY VA HOC NGAY NAY SO 5-2010
sinh vien dai hpc ya hpc sinh cap 3 vao bd dpi va sd nay chi huan luyen cap toe thdi gian nglin rdi dUa vao chien trudng ngay. Gia nhU thdi dd da cd "hpc ky qud'c phdng"
thue hien ehu dao thi at la tuyen quan xong se dieu ddng dupe sd tan binh da huan luyen td't tang cUdng eho quan dpi kip thdi.
Hpe ky qudc phdnged the bd tri thdi gian 3 thang, chia lam 3 giai doan, mdi giai doan la 1 thang thUe hien sau mdi nam hpe, lay vao sau ky nghi he (bdt thdi gian he tu 3 thang xudng edn 2 thang ddi vdi hoe sinh THPT).
Thang hpc nay nen eho hpe sinh vao d ban trong doanh trai quan dpi, ren luyen nhu mdt ngudi linh thUe thu. Co nhu vay viec giao due qudc phdng mdi cd hieu qua' thiet thuc. Tin tudng rang neu Bd cd ke hoach thuc hien nhJ du djnh tren se la mdt sang kien hay, mdt ehii trUdng thich hpp ddi vdi hpe sinh THPT.
