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HOA THUONG KIM CUONG T U (1914-2001) VOI V A N DE ME TIN TRONG SINH HOAT
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PHAT GIAO VIET NAM
L Vai n6t ve Hoa thrfdng Kim Crfdng Tuf Hoa thrfdng Kim Crfdng Trf the' danh I i Trin Hiiu Cung, sinh n g a y 16 t h i n g 10 n i m Giip D i n (1914) tai x a My Thang, huyen My Ldc, tinh Nam Dinli. Nam 1933 (19 tudiX dng chinh thrfc xui't g i a tu hpc d Chua Ca (thinh phd' Nam EHnh): Sau dd, drfdc thIy cho phep, dng tu hpc d Chiia Hrfdng, Chiia ThIy (nay thudc ngoai thanh Ha Ndi), chiia T i n Cdc (tinh Nam DinhXv.v...
N i m 1934, p h o n g t r i o c h i n hvfng P h i t g i i o d Mien Bac c h i n h thrfc dien ra vdi svf kien thanh l i p Hdi P h i t g i i o Bac Ky.
N i m 1937 (24 tudi), d n g tham drf k h o i thi d i u tien tsii Trrfdng Trung hpc P h i t g i i o cua Hdi P h i t g i i o Bac Ky va g i i n h g i a i nhi tai ki thi dd. Nhiing n i m tie'p theo, dng tie'p tuc hpc t i p va n g h i e n cufu tai Trrfdng V i l n Ddng B i e Cd, tham g i a thuye't phap tai chua Q u i n Srf (Hdi quan Trung rfdng cua Hdi P h i t g i i o Bac Ky), vie't bai cd ddng p h o n g t r i o chi'n hvfng P h i t g i i o d a n g tren b i o Dud'c Tue (cd quan n g d n luan cua Hdi P h i t g i i o Bac Ky). N i m 1953, d n g d lai H i Npi tham g i a g i a n g day tai Trrfdng Trung hpc P h i t g i i o Bac Viet va mdt so' cd sd d i o tao tang t i i cua P h i t g i i o Mien Bac khi dd d H i Ndi, N a m Dinh, Hai Phdng,v.v...
LE TAM DAC'*' Nam 1954, hda binh l i p lai d Mien Bac, d n g tich crfc tham g i a p h o n g t r i o P h i t g i i o yeu nrfdc, la mdt trong nhrfng ngrfdi d i u tien tham g i a t h i n h l i p Ban Dai dien P h i t g i a o Thu dd. Ong ciing gdp p h i n quan trpng trong viec x i y drfhg Hdi P h i t g i i o Thd'ng nhi't Viet Nam vao nam 1958.
Trf nam 1957 de'n nam 1983, dng drfdc crf xud'ng thanh phd' Hai Phdng de x i y drfng p h o n g t r i o P h i t g i i o yeu nrfdc d d i y . Trong sudt 26 n i m hoat ddng P h i t svf, dng da x i y drfng phong t r i o P h i t g i i o yeu nrfdc d Hai Phdng Idn manh, sdm thanh l i p drfdc Chi hdi P h i t g^iio Thdng nhi't Hai Phdng, chi hdi P h i t g i i o Thd'ng nhi't d i u tien d Mien Bac.
Nam 1980, dng tich crfc tham g^a Ban V i n ddng Thd'ng nhi't P h i t g^io T o i n qud'c. Tai Dai hdi Thd'ng nhat P h i t g^io ca nrfdc dien ra v i o t h i n g 11 nam 1981, dng drfdc suy crf l i m Uy vien Ban Thrfdng trrfc Hdi ddng Tri srf, girf chrfc Trrfdng ban Nghi l l Trung rfdng Giao hdi P h i t g^io Viet Nam. E)e'n nam 1983, dng drfdc Trung rfcftig G i i o hdi P h i t g i a o Viet Nam dieu ve tru tri chiia T r i n Qud'c ( H i Ndi), tham g i a lanh dao P h i t g i a o Thu dd.
* TS., Vien Nghien ciru Tdn giao.
46 Nghien cuu Ton giao. 5^^^ - 2011
N a m 1985, d n g drfdc crf l i m P h d C h u t i c h Thrfdng trrfc Hdi d d n g T r i svf k i e m Trrfdng b a n N g h i Ie T r u n g rfdng G i i o h d i P h i t g i i o Viet N a m . N i m 1990, d n g drfpTc crf girf chrfc V i e n trrfdng Hpc v i e n P h i t g i i o Viet N a m t a i Ha Ndi, P h d V i e n trrfdng V i e n N g h i e n cvfu P h i t h p c Viet Nam, P h i n V i e n trrfdng P h i n V i e n N g h i e n eiiu P h i t h p c Viet N a m t a i H i Ndi, T d n g Bien t i p T a p c h i N g h i e n cufu P h i t hpc.
Tuy g i n h v i e n h i e u c d n g t i c P h i t srf cua Giao h d i P h i t g ^ i o cac cap, nhvfng d n g v a n c h u t r p n g tdi c d n g t i c d i o t a o T i n g t i i , nhi't I i svf t u h p c cua Idp t a n g n i tre.
O n g I i m d t t r o n g n h i i n g n g ^ d i cd c d n g Idn t r o n g viec m d Trrfdng Cd b a n P h i t hpc, tien t h i n cua Trrfdng T r u n g c a p P h i t hpc Men nay. Tai c i c k h o i Ha thrfdng nien, d n g ludn n h i e t t i n h k h a i t r a n g thuye't p h i p , la g i a n g srf cua n h i e u trrfdng Ha v i girf n g d i Drfdng c h u t a i trrfdng Ha chiia B i D i ( H i Npi) n h i e u k h o i .
Ben c a n h h o a t d d n g P h i t srf d a d o a n , d n g c d n t i c h ciic t h a m g i a m p t sd' c d n g t i e x a h d i nhrf: Uy b a n M a t t r i n Td qud'c Viet N a m t h a n h phd' H a i P h d n g , Uy b a n Mat t r i n Td qud'c Viet N a m t h a n h phd' H i Ndi, Uy b a n T r u n g rfdng M a t t r i n Td qud'c Viet N a m , H d i d d n g N h a n d i n t h i n h phd' H a Ndi, Uy b a n Cac vi'n d e x i h d i c u a Qud'c hdi,v.v...
Do cd n h i e u c d n g l a o d d n g g d p vdi D a o p h i p v i D i n tdc. H o i thrfdng K i m Crfdng Tuf d a drfdc N h i nrfdc Viet N a m t r a o t i n g H u i n chrfdng K h i n g chie'n chd'ng My ciiu nrfdc h a n g Nhi't, H u i n chrfdng Ddc l a p h a n g N h i , H u y chrfdng vi srf n g h i e p d a i d o i n ke't t o a n d i n c u a Uy b a n T r u n g rfdng M a t t r i n To qud'c Viet N a m v i n h i e u b a n g t u y e n drfdng c d n g drfc, b a n g k h e n , g i i y k h e n c u a G i i o h d i
P h a t g i i o Viet N a m c a c ci'p, c u a Uy ban N h i n d i n v a U y b a n M a t t r i n To qud'c Viet N a m t h i n h phd' H a Ndi^'\
2. Hda thrfdng Kim Crfdng Trf vdi van de m e t i n t r o n g s i n h hoat Phat griio Viet Nam Nhrfng n g h i le cd b a n c u a d a o P h i t h a n g n a m g d m Le P h i t Dan, Le P h i t T h a n h Dao,v.v...; h a n g t h i n g cd h a i k i l l v i o c i c n g a y 14 v a n g i y 15, n g i y 30 va m i i n g 1 a m lich. Ben c a n h dd, n g h i le cua P h i t g i i o c d n b a o g d m p h e p d p niem, c l u d a o , c u n g trf crfu dd'i v d i n h i i n g ngrfdi che't, ngrfdi d m d a u h a y h o a n n a n . Tuy n h i e n , c i i n g v d i t h d i g i a n , m d t sd' h i n h vi v i n g h i le m e t i n d i d i n l a n v i o t r o n g s i n h h o a t P h i t g i i o Viet N a m .
Ve van de bdi toan. T r u y t i m n g u d n gd'c c u a srf viec, H d a thrfping K i m Crfdng Trf c h o r a n g , m d n x e m b d i c a n crf vao 8 q u e b i t q u a i d o v u a P h u c Hi nrfdc T r u n g
^ 9 ^
H o a d a t r a trf t h d i co d a i . Cu t h e , x e m boi v d n x u i ' t p h i t trf bd'i c a n h k e g i a u ngrfdi n g h e o , k e thd'ng t r i ngrfdi n d le, trf dd g i a i ci'p p h o n g kie'n T r u n g Hoa d a t ra t h u a t trfdng so'. T h u a t trfdng sd' qvian n i e m , b i t q u a i l a gd'c c u a T h i i crfc, trfdng trvfng t i n h m e n h , t r d i , di't, nrfdc, irfa, si'm, gid, t i m phrfdng, b l e u h i e n m p i d i e m td't x i ' u c u a c o n ngrfdi.
T h e o H d a thrfdng, phrfdng p h i p xem bdi cd h a i d i e m t h a t dd. Mdt la, ti't t h a y c h i cd 64 q u e bdi, t r o n g k h i dd d a n so' t r e n t h e ' g i d i cd de'n h a n g t i ngrfdi, mdi ngrfdi m p t c a n h n g d k h i c n h a u thi k h d n g t h e dirng c h o he't drfdc. H a i la, n g a y t r r f d c , k h i d a t r a c i c q u e b d i v a
1. Xem them: Thuong toa Thfch Thanh Nha. Tieu sir Hda thitpng Kim Cirang Tir, trong: Nhitng bdi vie't ciia Hda thicmig Kirn Citang Tit, Nxb. Tdn giao. Ha Ndi, 1999, tr.7-11; Giao hdi Phat giao Viet Nam. Ki ye'u tang Ii Dai lao Hda thuang Thich Kim CitOng Tir. Nxb. Tdn giio. Ha Ndi. 2002.
Le Tam Dac. Hda Thumg Kim Cuong Tu:.. 47
phep bdi t o i n , ngrfdi ta cho rang, qua di't vudng nhrf ti'm b i n h chvfng, mat trdi x o a y tren qua di't. N g i y nay, khoa hpc da k h i m p h i ra rang, qua di't h i n h trdn v i xoay quanh mat trdi. Nhrf v i y , n h i n thrfc c i n ban cd k i m da dao Idn, phep bdi toan khdi diem trf 5 n g h i n n a m trrfdc de'n nay khdng cdn thich hdp nrfa. Do dd, ne'u t h I y bdi chi y v a o m i y dieu ed n g h i a 11 chung chung rdi d o i n thi se bi c i i ldi la
"thIy bdi ndi drfa". Cdn dd'i vdi P h i t trf va n h i n d i n thi k h d n g n e n t i n trfdng nhiing ngrfdi ngdi mdt chd (cd khi I i ngrfdi mii) phdng d o i n ndi quanh.
Phep x e m bdi trf Trung Qud'c x i m n h i p v a o v i l a n t r i n rpng rai d nrfdc ta.
Trrfdc thvfc te' mdt sd' vi t a n g si l i y xem bdi l a m n g h e s i n h sd'ng dan de'n viec n h i e u ngrfdi l i m trfdng r a n g dao P h i t ciing day x e m bdi, Hda thrfdng qua quye't: Ndi d u n g k i n h s a c h P h i t giao, tieu bieu nhrf Ludt Tang Ni, Kinh Pham
Vdng, bd Uy Nghi dieu 5,v.v... deu ci'm x e m bdi. T h i m chi, Kinh Ditdc Sit cdn nhi'n manh: "Tin nhrfng t h I y ta, ban ac, ndi can hpa phuc l i m cho hai hiing, t i m
9
m i n h c h a n g chinh, di bdi toan quanh, c l u k h a n bach t h i n , phu ma, l u y e n quy thrfc la l i m lac, m e tin h i e u x i n g , tien mi't t i t m a n g t h a n h ra che't udng". Trf dd, Hoa thrfdng de nghi: Trong thdi dai khoa hpc tie'n bd n g a y nay, de p h i tan ti'm m i n bi m i t cua tao hda, quye't l i m cho drfdc "nhin d i n h t h i n g thien" va
"drfc n a n g t h a n g sd'", t r i n h nhrfng h u thuye't cd truyen trdi budc trf trfdng va k i m h a m kha n i n g cua con ngrfdi, c i c vi tu h i n h c i n lam grfdng de tie'p d i n q u i n sinh, ne'u vi n a o trrfdc d i y da trdt x e m bdi thi n a y thdi, ciing n h i n d i n d i t tay nhau tie'n l e n con drfdng x a hdi chu n g h i a td't dep'*\
Ve' van de' vang ma. De khang dinh
"thuye't v i n g ma" khdng phai cua P h i t g i i o , t h i m chi trong Kinh Nhat Tung cdn ndi rd "dd't v a n g ma gie't hai chiing sinh, vi ta t i m n a y k h d n g drfdc P h i t tie'p dp", theo c i c h thrfc phd bien cua nhieu nha 11 l u i n t r o n g p h o n g t r i o c h i n hvfng P h i t g i i o d Mien Bac trrfdc n i m 1954, Hda thrfdng Kim Crfdng Trf trrfdc he't tim hieu n g u y e n n h i n v i thdi diem xui't hien t i p tuc nay. Theo dd, t i p tuc dd't v i n g ma bat d i u xui't h i e n trf thdi nha T i n nrfdc Trung Hoa. Drfdng thdi, nhrfng vi vua chua khi che't chdn theo ea trf cung t i n mi nrf, ke h l u ngrfdi ha, cua cai c h i u b i u cho tdi mot sd' loai v i t cdn sd'ng nhrf t r i u bd, Idn, ga,v.v... Mdt sd' t i n g Idp tren trong x a hdi phong kie'n Trung Hoa khi i'y ciing hpc t i p theo c i c h l i m nay.
Sau dd, n h i n thi'y t i p tuc nay da man, tan nhan, vd n h i n dao v i ich ki, n h i n d i n da kich liet di'u tranh nen de'n thdi n h i Minh, g i a i ci'p thd'ng tri phong kie'n Trvmg Hoa mdi n g h i ra c i c h l i m dd bang g i i y thay cho ngrfdi that va dd that, gpi I i "hinh n h i n the' mang". V i n g m i trf dd lvfu truyen rdng khap nrfdc Trung Hoa.
Vang ma drfdc truyen vao nrfdc ta trong thdi ki Bac thudc.
Trie't Ii hda v i n g dd't ma cho ngrfdi che't drfdc hrfdng, theo H o i thrfdng, I i mdt dieu he't srfc vd 11. Bdi vi, ne'u ndi de b i o hieu cho d n g ba, cha me thi h a n g van ngrfdi mdi cd mdt ngrfdi drfdc con c h i u dot cho q u i n i o , dd dac k h o a n g 1-2 l l n trong vai n a m lien thdi, cdn nhieu ngrfdi trong nhieu n i m khdng ai dd't cho thi l i y g i m i diing. Ben canh dd, viec cd' g i n g v a y mrfdn sam srfa v a n g ma dd't cho 2. Xem: Thuye't xem bdi U-ong: Nhimg bdi viet cita Hda thitmig Kim Cuong Tir, Nxb. Tdn giao. Ha Ndi, 1999.
tr. 84-86.
48 Nghien cuu Ton giao. 5<^^g 2011
cha me cho b a n g ngrfdi ta ciing la mdt suy nghi va viec lam sai l l m v i l i n g phi vi mi't tien that mua dd gia rdi dd't r a tro, t r o n g khi x a hdi d a n g c i n mua g i i y cho hpc sinh v i cho viec in sach bao. Cdn mdt so' 11 l u i n dai loai nhvC ngrfdi dung thi ndi vi cdn cd ngrfdi lam r a v i n g ma b i n thi tdi v l n mua, ngrfdi san xui't thi ndi vi cdn cd ngrfdi mua thi tdi phai l i m r a v a n g ma de ban, ngrfdi t h I y ciing lai ndi vi ngrfdi ta cdn sam v i mdi tdi de'n ciing chrf tdi k h d n g b i t ngrfdi ta phai sam v a n g ma, v. v . . chi I i nhrfng ldi nguy bien quanh eo bao thu l u i n quan nhrf cua bd lac ldi. Do viy, P h i t trf v i n h i n d i n phai sdm giac ngd bd drfdc c i n g sdm cang hay te tuc dd't v a n g ma. D i y ciing I i mdt viec l i m gdp p h i n x i y drfng chu nghia xa hdi ve mat cai tao nen v i n hda xa hdi tie'n bd len viy(^\
Ve ao Luc thu va tain Hai hpi. Trong d i n gian nrfdc ta trf lau ddi da tiing tdn tai t i p tuc d u n g i o Luc thu v i tam Hai hdi tren dd in c i c thrf bua di'u ten c i c vi t h i n h t h i n vao rdi mac va gdi thi h i i ngrfdi che't dem chdn. Ve vi'n de n i y , Hda thrfdng Kim Crfdng Trf tuyen bd duft khoit, i o Luc thu v i ti'm Hai hdi khdng phai la Phat p h i p , ndi each khac, kinh s i c h Phat giao k h d n g day lam nhiing thrf n i y , m i dd la do nhiing ngrfdi hieu ki, h i o left khdn kheo b i y dat ra.
L l n tim gd'c re cua svf viec. Hoi thrfdng cho bie't, trong kinh s i c h cua P h i t g i i o ciing nhac de'n i o JJUC thii. Cu the, trong Kinh Tritdng A Ham, p h i n The'Ki, pham Dao Ldi Thien ndi: '...ngrfdi cdi Dao Left va ngrfdi cdi t h i n Atula deu t h i n cao mdt dam, mac i o dai hai dam, rdng mdt dam, nang 6 thu" (Luc thiiy*\ Bii Du kiep thach thi cho bie't: ...ngrfdi cdi Trdi D i u Sui't li'y ao Luc thu phay t a n g d i Idn cho mdn
d i n di" Cdn d bai t i n d i u s i c h Ngu bach danh cd c i u " h i y quai luc thu" t i n drfdhg Drfc Quan Am mac ao Luc thu dep.
Nhrf viy, cd the thi'y, c i i ten Luc thu i o mac cua chrf thien da bi dan gian Idi dung bie'n t h i n h thrf i o chi danh mac cho ng^di che't. Nguyen n h i n cua sii viec cd le hp cho rang, nhiing ngrfdi che't mac thrf i o n i y se drfdc vang sinh len cdi Trdi, hay drfdc Drfc Quan Am tiep dan ve nrfdc Phit.
Theo H o i thrfdng, d i y rd r a n g I i mdt srf nguy tao ao Luc thu vi ba le s a u
Thrf nhi't, cai ao cua c i c thien t h i n ne'u cd that thi d i i 2 d i m (dii gi'p ddi ng^di mieX rdng 1 dam (rdng bang chieu cao t h i n the ngrfdi mac) ma chi n i n g ed 1/4 lang ta thdi. Lieu i o cua ngrfdi t r i n tuc may ke ca kich thrfdc Ian trpng Irfpmg cd bat chrfdc drfpfc diing nhrf the' khdng? Ne'u n i n g q u i 6 thu thi sao lai gpi I i i o Luc thu drfdc? Dd'i vdi c i i i o thi't cich dd dang v i sai trai vd nghia II nhrf v i y thi cdn lay g^ l i m khrfdc ma c i n dung deh nd nrfa?
Thrf hai, n h a n g i a n thrfc chrfa trdng thi'y h i n h d i n g , kieu m i u , mau sac i o Luc thu cua c i c thien t h i n . Cho nen, trf xrfa de'n nay, hp lam i o Luc thu chi la cii i o cdc cut c i n h , tren dd in c i c bua chii thudc tin ngrfdng phu thuy lan vdi khudn di'u bd'n chrf trien "Phat, p h i p , t i n g , bao"
va nhieu chrf Phan.
3. Xem: Thuyet vdng md, trong: Nhitng bdi vie't ciia Hda thuang Kim Cuang Tir, Nxb. Tdn giao. Ha Ndi,
1999,tr.87-90.
4. Thii la mot don vi do ludng trong luong cd dai Trung Qudc. Hda thuong Kim Cuong Tir sau khi so sanh don vi do ludng trpng luong Trung Qudc c6 dai vdi don vi do ludng trong lupng Phucmg Tay hien dai da tfnh dupc: 1 thii = 1,6 gam. Nhu vay, tdng trong lupng ciia ao Luc thti la 9,6 gam. Xem cu the': Gidi thich ve do Luc thii-Hdi hpi, trong; Nhitng bdi viet ciia Hda thuang Kim Cuang Tir. Nxb. Tdn giao. Ha Ndi, 1999, tr.'l77.
Le Tam Dac. Hoa Thuang Kim Cuong Til. 49
Thrf ba, trong kinh sach cua nha P h i t chi thi'y ndi niem Phat, l i m lanh, hdi hrfdng, p h i t ngjuyen I i vong hdn drfdc vang sinh ve Tinh Dp hay ve cac cdi lanh, chrf khdng thi'y ndi luc chel; phai mac thrf i o gi dem chdn mdi drfdc sieu thoit.
Ve tam Hai hpi. Trong P h i t giao, "hai hdi" la thuat ngrf de chi ndi dai hdi cua mpi thrf ngrfdi, trf ddn t h u I n de'n phrfc tap, trong dd cd du ca cdi Phit, cdi im, cdi drfdng, cdi t h i n , cdi quy,v.v,, Phdng theo dd, tren ti'm ta quan k h i m liem thi hai ngrfdi che't, gpi I i ti'm Hai hdi, d i n gian da in e i c kieu bua di'u b i i quit, ngii hanh, thap can, thap nhi chi, nhi thap b i t tu, luc g i i p , luc i t , luc binh, luc dinh, luc miu, luc ki, luc canh, luc t i n , luc n h i m , luc quy, can nguyen hanh ldi trinh, ta thanh long (rdng xanh), hiiu bach hd (hum trang), tien chu trfdc (chim se dd), h i u huyen vu (rua den), chrf than chu luc trf dai minh, vim si lim, bd lim, tra lim, ten cac quy t h i n , bd'n vi Bd tat, bd'n chrf "Phit, p h i p , tang, bao",v.v...
Nhrf viy, ndi dung ti'm hai hdi chu ye'u Ii the' gian ngoai dao, chi cd m i y danh hieu Bd t i t va c i u chim ngdn cua dao Phit, nhvfng d i dem dung gdi bpc x i c ngfrfdi che't chdn xud'ng drfdi di't thi cdn gi la tdn kinh, phuc ldi, linh thieng, giai thoit. Bdi vi, danh hieu P h i t thanh la de niem clu, t h i n chu nliiem m i u de tri tung chrf khdng phai de chdn vui xud'ng di't.
Hda thrfdng ke't luin: Nhiing ai in may srf dung i o Luc thii v i ti'm Hai hdi la duy tri me tin hu tuc, cd lvfu truyen nhiing tap ngoai quy t h i n hoang drfdng, l i m cho ngrfdi ddi l l m trfdng nhrfng thrf i'y I i cua dao Phat day. Trf dd, Hoa thrfdng keu gpi cic de trf P h i t , trrfdc he't la cac vi t i n g ni, phai v i n dung ti'm long yeu dao, yeu To qud'c, yeu n h i n din, hd tri chinh
phip, ung hd chinh s i c h cua Dang v i Chinh phu, crfdng cjuye't bien minh Ii le va bai trrf ao Luc thii va tirn Hai hdi la nhrfng thrf khdng hdp chinh dao. Dd ciing la mdt trong nhiing nhiem vu
"nghien c h i n hach nguy, hien chinh tdi ta" dd'i vdi p h i n srf phung dao va yeu nrfdc cua gidi Phat g i i o Viet Nam'*l
Ve viec tdn bat nhang thd chU vi. Theo Hda thrfdng Kim Crfdng Tui; viec thd chrf vi xui't phat trf tin ngrfdng Trf Phu, cd the nay mIm trf Dao g^ao, phit trien manJi me va l l n v i o P h i t giao nrfdc ta trf thdi Hiu Le. Tin ngrfdng nay thd Mau Thien, Mau Dia, Miu Thoai (Mau ThuyX Mau Thrfdng Ngan, Mau Lieu Hanh, Trin Hvfng Dao va nhieu vi t h i n khic. Nhiing ngfrfdi cao sd' va n i n g can qua, trong dd nhieu ngfrfdi la de trf Phit, phai tdn b i t nhang sudt ddi thd phung cac vi t h i n cua tin ngrfdng ngay, drfdc gpi la con nhang hay con cdng de trf.
Tdn b i t nhang la brfdc thrf nhi't de tie'n len trinh ddng, h l u bdng, lam nd le quy t h i n ddng bdng me tin.
Nhieu chua d Mien Bac, t h i n dien phu Mau cdn tdn nghiem hdn thd Phit. Kinh sach P h i t giao ndi rd, chrf thien, quy t h i n cdn quy y Phit, v i y m i nhieu P h i t trf lai coi P h i t khdng b i n g quy t h i n rd r i n g la dieu khdng diing. Ngrfdi c h i n chinh theo dao P h i t thi sud't ddi khdng thd thien t h i n nao khic, chi nhi't t i m quy y Tam Bao. Vi viy, de trf P h i t phai bd viec tdn bat nhang, khdng thd ciing cac quy t h i n l i m cho P h i t p h i p thi s i n g td, ban t h i n minh thi g i i c ngd tie'n len<*'.
5. Xem: Gidi thich ve do Luc thii-Hdi lipi, trong:
Nhirng hdi vie't cita Hoa thuang Kim Cirang Tir. Nxb.
Tdn giao. Ha Ndi, 1999. tr. 176-181.
6. Xem: Ton bat nhanfi thd clur vi (hay tdn hdi hirang), trong: Nhirng bdi vie) ciiu Hda llurang Kim Cirang Tir Nxb Tdn giao. Ha Ndi 1999. tr. 182-184.
50 Nghien cuu Ton giao. Sd8 2011
N g o i i bdi t o i n , v i n g ma, ao Luc thii, ti'm Hai hdi, tdn b i t n h a n g thd chrf vi, ddng bdng, t r o n g nhiing h i n h vi va nghi l l cua P h i t g i i o Viet Nam cdn Ian mdt sd' tap tin nrfa nhrf: dung biia di'u de yem dao, cung ki yen vao d i u mua he, thd dien tinh (thd quy t h i n p h i i phu thuy nhrf Huyen Din, Ddc Crfdc,v.v...). Nhiing tap tin n i y lam md i m nen tin ngrfdng, cd hai cho ca dao P h i t lan n g o i i ddi.
Vi'n de me tin, theo Hda thrfdng Kim Crfdng Trf, do 4 nguyen n h i n sau diy:
Mdt Ii, trrfdc d i y do khoa hpc chrfa p h i t trien, ngrfdi ta cho r a n g tinh m a n g cua loai ngrfdi phu thudc vao quy t h i n linh thieng, cho nen hay tin trfdng cau cvmg, nhi't I i nhiing phu nrf nhe da.
Hai Ii, mdt sd' ngrfdi khi t h i n t i m khdng dieu hda sinh benh t i t me hoang l l m trfdng I i cd quy t h i n h i n h ha, nen sd hai dan de'n bi le thudc vao quy t h i n .
Ba Ii, nhiing che' dp cu deu la che' dp thd'ng tri bdc lot, hp d i u ddc me tin hoac lam ngu d i n de d l de d i u crfdi cd thrfc hien y dd den tdi cua hp.
Bd'n la, mdt sd' ngrfdi d i bi me tin i n s i u vao d i u dc, bi chinh phuc trf trfdng, nd dich tinh thin, dieu khien t i m tri phai phuc tiing theo niem tin i'y. Cd ngrfdi quen drfa vao t h i n thinh, left dung me tin l i m cdng cu kiem ldi b i t chinh, cho nen khdng dvft khoit trf bd ngay drfdc<^.
Trf dd, Hda thrfdng ke't luin: N g i y nay, khoa hpc phat trien, n h i n loai n g i y cang v i n minh tie'n bd, khdng cdn la thdi dai cudng tin hoang drfdng. T i n g ni, P h i t trf va n h i n d i n phai girf long tin cho trong sach de nen tin ngrfdng drfdc de cao. Do dd, vi nhiem vu p h u n g dao v i yeu nrfdc.
thrfc hien ne'p sd'ng mdi, gdp p h i n vio cdng cupc c i c h m a n g van hda trf trfcftig, ngrfdi theo dao Phat lam ldi ich cho ddi, crfdng quyet bao ve va neu cao chinh tin, t i n Irfc bai trrf me tin'^l
3. Thay Idi ket
Cung vdi nhiing bien giai g i i o Ii, n g h i e n ciiu l u i t tang, phien dich kinh dien, x i c dinh lai mdt sd' ngay l l cua P h i t giao Viet Nam, v.v... t r o n g nhieu n g h i e n cvfu cua minh, nhi't I i trong cic t h a p nien 50 v i 60 cua the' ki XX, Hda thrfdng Kim Crfdng Trf ludn chu trpng bdc t i c h nhiing tap tin lan t r o n g sinh hoat P h i t giao Viet Nam. Tie'p nd'i cic ndi d u n g t r o n g p h o n g t r i o c h i n hvfng P h i t g i i o d Mien Bac ndi rieng, P h i t g i i o ca nrfdc ndi chung trrfdc n i m 1954, nhieu nghien ciiu cua Hda thrfdng drfdc tie'n h i n h mdt c i c h cdng phu, nghiem tuc n h a m n i n g cao hieu bie't P h i t hpc, d i e biet I i d i y liii nhrfng h i n h vi va nghi le me tin tufng tdn tai l i u ddi, mdt t r o n g nhiing nguyen n h i n khie'n Phit g i i o Viet Nam suy vi t r o n g mdt sd' thdi doan, mong mud'n P h i t giao nrfdc nha ludn p h i t t r i e n mdt c i c h lanh manh va chinh tin. Vdi y n g h i a nhrf viy, cd the ndi, trf trfdng c h i n hvfng P h i t giao cua Hoa thrfdng van cdn nguyen g i i tri quan t r p n g dd'i vdi srf p h i t trien cua G i i o hdi P h i t g i i o Viet Nam trong giai doan hien nay./.
7. Xem: Chinh tin-Me tin. trong: Nhirng bdi vie't ciia Hda thuang Kim Cirang Tir. Nxb Tdn giao. Ha Ndi 1999.
tr.273-274.
8. Xem: Chinh tin-Me tin. trong: Nhitng bdi viet cita Hda thuang Kim Cuang Tir. Nxb Tdn giao. Ha Ndi
1999,tr.275.