CONC TAC KIEM SAT
BAN VE CAC TRVdNG HOP VIEN IDEM SAT TRUC TIEP TIEN HANH MOT S6 HOAT DONG DIEU TRA
NGUYEN THANH CHUNG*
Bo Luat To tyng hinh sy nam 2015 quy dinh trong mdt s6 tru-tfng hpp clin thiit Vien kiem sat trye ti^p tien hanh mdt so hoat dong dieu tra trong giai doan dilu tra va giai doan truy t6. Bai vidt nghien cihi cac trirdng hgrp va cac hoat dong dieu tra ma Vi^n Itiem sat trye tilp tidn hanh.
Tickhoa: Vien Idem sdt true tiep tien hdnh hogt dpng dieu tra; cdc bien phdp dieu tra.
Nhdn bdi: 23/9/2019; bien tap xong: 10/10/2019; duyet bdi: 11/10/2019.
1. Cac trirdng hyp Vien kiem sat trye tiep tiln hanh m9t so hoat dong dieu tra
Trudc day, Bp luat Td tung hinh sy (BLTTHS) nam" 2003 khdng dd cap ddn cdc trudng hpp Vidn kidm sat (VKS) true tidp thyc hidn mot sd boat ddng didu tra ma chi quy dinh ve vide Kidm sat vidn (KSV) cd quydn trieu tap va hdi cung bi can; trieu tap va lay Idi khai ciia ngudi lam chiing, ngudi hi hai, nguydn dan dan su, bi don dan sy, ngudi cd quydn Ipi, nghia vu lidn quan ddn vu an; tidn hanh ddi chit; tidn hanh thyc nghidm didu tra.
So vdi BLTTHS nam 2003 thi BLTTHS nam 2015 da quy dinh rat cy thd vd cdc giai doan va trudng hop md VKS trye tidp tidn hanh boat dpng didu tra. Vide quy dinh cu the nhu vay nham tranh su chdng
cheo giua nhidm vu, quydn ban ciia VKS vdi Co quan didu tra (CQDT), trdnh anh hudng ddn boat ddng didu tra ciia CQDT.
Theo dd, VKS trye tidp tidn hanh mdt sd boat ddng didu tra trong hai giai doan:
l.I. Giai doan dieu tra
Theo quy dinh tai Idiodn 7 Didu 165 BLTTHS nam 2015; khodn 8 Didu 14 Luat td chiic Vien kiem sat nhdn ddn nam 2014, trong giai doan didu tra, VKS trye tidp tidn hanh mdt sd boat ddng didu tra trong trudng hop: 1) Dd kilm tra, bd sung tai lieu, chiing cii khi xet phd chudn lenh, quydt dinh cua CQDT, co quan dupe giao nhidm vy tidn hanh mot sd boat dpng dieu tra; 2) Trudng hop phdt hidn cd dau hidu
''Thac sl Phdng 3, Vien kiim sat nhan dan thanh pho Ha Noi.
T?pchi _KIEM SAT I 21
Sd24(thang12^9)\
oan, sai, bd lot tdi pham, vi pham phdp luat ma VKS da ydu edu bang van bdn nhung khdng dupe khac phuc; 3) Trudng hpp dd kidm tra, bd sung tai lieu, chiing cii khi quydt dinh vide truy td.
Trudng hap thie nhdt, boat ddng didu tra ciia VKS nham phuc vu cho vide xet phd ehuan lenh, quydt dinh ciia CQDT. Trong trudng hpp nay, VKS chii ddng tidn hanh boat ddng dieu tra khi xet thay can phdi kidm tra vd bd sung tai heu dd xet phd chudn cdc lenh, quydt dinh trong thdm quyen ciia minh dupe quy dinh tai khoan 2, khoan 4 Didu 165 BLTTHS nam 2015, nhu vide xet phe ehuan quydt dinh khdi td; quyet dinh thay ddi, bd sung quydt dinh khdi td hi can;
lenh tam giam; quydt dinh dp dung, thay ddi bidn phdp ngan chan khdc...
Bien phdp dieu tra cua VKS trong trudng hop nay ehu ydu la lay loi khai ngudi tham gJa td tung vd hdi cung hi can theo Chi thj sd 04/CT-VKSTC ngay 10/7/2015 eua Vidn trudng VKS nhan dan tdi eao vd tang cudng cdc bidn phdp phdng chdng oan, sai va nang eao trdeh nhiem trong boat ddng gidi quyet bdi thudng thidt hai eho ngudi bi oan trong hoat ddng td tung hinh sy. Theo dd, KSV thyc hidn vide phiic cung ddi vdi tat ed cdc vu dn hinh su trudc khi ket thiie mdi giai doan td tung.
Truong hap thu hai, hoat ddng didu tra ciia VKS dupe tidn hanh khi phat hidn dau hidu oan, sai, bd Ipt tdi pham cua CQDT, CO quan dupe giao nhidm vy tidn hdnh mdt sd boat ddng didu tra. Trong trudng hpp nay, VKS khdng chii ddng thuc hien boat ddng didu tra, ma trudc do phai thyc
hidn mdt nhidm vu, quydn ban khac Id dd ra ydu cau didu tra va ydu edu CQDT thyc hidn vide didu tra. Vide ydu ciu didu tra phdi dupe thuc hien bang van bdn vd chi trong trudng hpp CQDT khdng khac phyc thi VKS se tidn hanh hoat dpng didu tra.
Truong hap thic ba. boat ddng dieu tra cua VKS nham kiem tra, bd sung tai lieu, chiing cii khi quydt dinh vide truy td. Tuy BLTTHS va cde van ban phdp luat chua ed hudng ddn cu thd, nhung theo ehiing tdi, boat dpng nay cd thd dupe thue hidn kd t u khi ehuan hi ket thiie didu tra vu dn.
Theo quy dinh tai Dieu 31 Thdng tu lien tich sd 04/2018/TTLT-VKSNDTC-BCA- BQP ngay 19/10/2018 cua VKS nhan ddn tdi cao, Bd Cdng an, Bd Qudc phdng quy dinh vd phdi hpp giiia CQDT va VKS trong vide thyc hien mdt sd quy dinh ciia BLTTHS (Thdng tu lidn tich sd 04/2018) thi: Cham nhat 10 ngay ddi vdi vu an it nghidm trpng vd nghidm trpng, 15 ngdy ddi vdi vy dn rat nghidm trpng, 20 ngay ddi vdi vu dn dae bidt nghiem trpng trudc khi kdt thiic didu tra hoac hdt thdi ban didu tra vy an, DTV va KSV phai phdi hpp de ddnh gia todn bd chiing cii, tdi lieu vd cae thu tyc td tung eua vy dn, ndu thay cd du edn eii kdt thiie dieu tra thi thdng nhdt dd DTV bdo cdo Thii trudng, Pho Thu trudng CQDT kdt thiic didu tra vy dn;
ndu thdy can phdi tidp tyc didu tra thi bdo cao Thii trudng, Phd Thii trudng CQDT, Vidn trudng, Phd Vidn trudng VKS dd gia han thdi ban didu tra, tam giam bi can theo quy dinh ciia BLTTHS.
Nhu vay, trong trudng hop nay, KSV thuc hidn didu tra nhdm kidm tra, ddi
I Tap chi
2 2 I K I E M S A T _ / So 24(thmg 12/2019)
CONG TAC KIEM SAT chieu cdc tai lieu, chiing cii cd trong hd so
vy dn dd dam bao tinh khdeh quan, toan dien, day du cua cac tdi lieu, chiing cii.
Ngoai ra, Kidm sdt vidn eiing kip thdi bd sung nhiing tdi lieu edn thidu trong hd so, dam bdo du can cii dd thdng nhit vdi Co quan didu tra dd kdt thiic didu tra. Trong trudng hpp khdng dii can cii giai quydt toan didn, khdch quan vy an thi VKS kidn quydt khdng thdng nhat vide kdt thiic didu tra va ydu cau CQDT dd nghi gia ban thdi ban didu tra vu an.
Trong giai doan dieu tra, vide phdi hpp thuc hi?n giiia VKS vdi CQDT dupe quy dinh t^i khoan 1 Didu 12 Thdng tu lidn tich sd 04/2018, theo do, KSV phai thdng bao trudc cho Didu tra vidn (DTV) trudc khi tidn hanh. Didu tra vidn cd trach nhidm phdi hpp vdi KSV dd thuc hien cdc hogt ddng didu tra khi dupe ydu cau; trudng hop DTV vang mat thi eham nhdt 02 gid trude khi KSV tidn hanh mdt sd hoat ddng dieu tra, DTV phdi thdng bao cho KSV bidt.
1.2. Giai doan truy to
Ci giai doan truy td, VKS trye tidp tidn hanh mdt sd boat dpng didu tra vdi muc dich kidm tra, bd sung tai lieu, chiing eii dd quydt dinh vide truy td hoac khi Tda dn yeu cau didu tra bd sung ma xet thdy khdng can thidt phai tra hd so cho CQDT theo quy dinh khoan 3 Didu 236 BLTTHS nam 2015.
Theo quy dinh tai khodn 1 Didu 245 BLTTHS nam 2015 thi VKS ra quydt dinh trd hd so vy an, ydu ciu CQDT didu tra bd sung khi thupc mdt trong cac trudng hop:
a) Cdn thidu ehiing cii dd chiing minh mdt trong nhimg vin dd quy dinh tai Didu 85
eua Bd luat nay ma VKS khdng thd ty minh bd sung duoc; b) Cd can cii khdi td bi can vd mdt hay nhidu tpi pham khdc; c) Cd ngudi ddng pham hoac ngudi pham tdi khdc lidn quan ddn vu dn nhung chua dupe khdi td bi can; d) Cd vi pham nghidm trpng thii tuc td tung.
Vide trd hd so dd didu tra bd sung trong giai doan xet xu dupe quy dinh tai Didu 280 BLTTHS nam 2015, theo do, Thim phdn - Chu tpa phidn tda ra quydt dinh trd hd so cho VKS dd didu tra bd sung khi thude mdt trong cdc trudng hpp: a) Khi thidu chiing cii dung de chiing minh mdt trong nhiing van dd quy dinh tai Didu 85 cita BLTTHS ma khdng thd bd sung tai phidn tda dupe; b) Cd can cii cho rang ngodi hanh vi md VKS da truy td, bi can cdn thyc hidn hdnh vi khde ma Bp luat Hinh su quy dinh la tdi pham; c) Cd can cii cho rang cdn cd ddng pham khdc hoae cd ngudi khdc thyc hien hdnh vi ma BLHS quy dinh la tdi pham lidn quan ddn vy an nhung chua dupe khdi td vu an, khdi td bi can; d) Vide khdi td, didu tra, truy td vi pham nghidm trpng vd thii tye td tung.
Nhu vay, ndu thupc cdc trudng hop quy dinh tai cac diem b, c, d khoan 1 Didu 245 BLTTHS nam 2015, hoac khi nhan dupe quydt dinh trd hd so dd didu tra bd sung ciia Tda dn theo quy dinh tai didm b, didm c, didm d khoan 1 Dieu 280 BLTTHS nam 2015 thi VKS bat bude phai tra hd so dd didu tra bd sung cho CQDT ma khdng tidn hanh cdc boat ddng dieu tra. Ndu thupc trudng hpp quy dinh tai didm a khodn 1 Didu 245 BLTTHS nam 2015 hoae nhdn dupe quydt dinh tra Tap chi I S624(thmg12^9)\^KIEM SAT I 2 3
hd so dd dieu tra bd sung ciia Tda dn trong trudng hpp quy dinh tai diem a, khodn 1 Didu 280 BLTTHS nam 2015 thi VKS cd thd tien hanh cac boat ddng didu tra de kidm tra, bd sung tai lieu, ehiing cii ma khdng can thidt phdi trd hd so cho CQDT.
O ddy can chii y, theo quy dinh cua BLTTHS nam 2015, VKS dupe tmc tidp tidn hanh cdc bidn phap dieu tra bao gdm:
Trieu tap vd hdi cung bi can theo quy dinh tai khodn 4 Didu 182; khoan 4 Didu 183;
trieu tap vd lay Idi khai ngudi lam chiing, ngudi bi hai, duong sy quy dinh tai Didu 185, 186, 187, 188; doi chit theo quy dinh tai khodn 5 Didu 189; thuc nghiem didu tra theo quy dinh tai khoan 4 Didu 204..., VKS khdng tidn hdnh ede boat ddng didu tra khac nhu: Kham nghiem hien trudng, khdm nghiem tii thi, nhan dang,... do do, ndu trong trudng hop phdi tidn hdnh cac boat ddng dieu tra nay thi VKS cdn trd hd sa dd CQDT tidn hanh didu tra bd sung.
Trong giai doan truy td, vide phdi hpp giiia VKS vdi CQDT dupe quy dinh tai khoan 2 Didu 12 Thdng tu lidn tich sd 04/2018, theo dd, eham nhat 24 gid trudc khi tien hdnh mdt sd hoat dpng dieu tra, VKS thdng bdo cho CQDT thdi gian, dja didm tidn hdnh mdt sd hoat ddng didu tra dd phdn edng DTV ciing phdi hop thuc hidn; trudng hpp DTV vang mat thi eham nhat 02 gid trudc khi KSV tidn hanh mdt sd boat ddng didu tra, DTV phdi thong bao cho KSV bidt.
Qua trinh tien hdnh mdt sd hoat ddng dieu tra, KSV can chii y thuc hidn theo cdc trinh ty, thii tuc quy dinh tai Dieu 46 Quy che tam thdi cdng tdc thuc hanh quydn
cdng td, kiem sat vide khdi to, didu tra va truy td ban hanh kem theo theo Quyet dinh sd 03/QD-VKSTC ngay 29/12/2017 ciia Vidn trudng Vidn kidm sdt nhan dan tdi cao (Quy chd sd 03/2017). Cy thd: Trude khi tidn hanh mdt sd boat ddng didu tra, KSV phdi xay dung kd hoach dieu tra, bdo cao lanh dao dan vi, lanh dao Vidn xem xet, quydt dinh; sau khi kdt thiic vide didu tra thi bdo cdo kdt qud. Qua trinh didu tra phdi tudn thu theo cdc quy dinh ciia BLTTHS nam 2015 ve can cii, thdm quydn, trinh tu, thu tuc tidn hdnh. Ddi vdi vu vide phiic tap, KSV cd thd phdi hpp vdi DTV dd tidn hanh mdt sd boat ddng didu tra. Tai lieu, chiing cii thu thap dupe phdi dua vdo hd so vy dn va luu hd so kidm sat theo quy dinh eua phdp luat.
2. Cac bidn phap didu tra cua Vidn kidm sat nhan dan
- Trieu tap vd hoi cung bi can, lay loi khai ngudi Idm ehung. bi hgi, duong su:
Theo quy dinh tai khoan 4 Dieu 183 BLTTHS nam 2015, KSV hdi eung bi can trong trudng hop bi can kdu oan, khidu nai boat ddng didu tra hoac cd can cii xac dinh vide didu tra vi pham phap luat hoac trong trudng hpp khac khi xet thay cdn thiet. Bdn canh do, trong trudng hpp can thidt, KSV cd thd trieu tap, lay Idi khai ngudi lam chiing, bi hai, duong sy theo quy dinh tai Didu 185, 186, 187, 188 BLTTHS nam 2015. Day la nhiing boat ddng dieu tra phd bidn va quan trpng cua VKS trong qud trinh thyc hanh quydn cdng td, kiem sat didu tra vu an hinh su. Be thyc hidn ed hidu qua boat ddng hdi cung, lay Idi khai, KSV cdn nam viing ndi dung vy dn, cdc tai lieu, I Tap chi
2 4 I K1EMSAT_ / So 24(lhang 12/2019)
CONG TAC KIEM SAT chiing cii khac cd trong hd so vd xay dung
ke hoach hdi cung, lay loi khai chi tiet, cy the. Ndi dung cau hdi can kidm tra tinh khach quan cua boat ddng didu tra do CQDT tidn hanh de cung cd chiing cii, kip thdi phat hidn nhiing thieu sdt ciia CQDT vd yeu cau bd sung, khac phuc.
- Doi chat:
Theo quy dinh tai Didu 189 BLTTHS nam 2015, chi khi cd mau thuan trong Idi khai va da tidn hanh cac bien phdp didu tra khdc nhung chua giai quyet dupe mau thuan thi DTV va KSV mdi tidn hanh ddi chat. Theo khoan 4 Didu 30 Quy chd sd 03/2017 ndi trdn thi KSV tidn hanh ddi chat trong cac trudng hpp: 1) Khi da ydu cau ddi chat ma DTV khdng thyc hidn ho|ic kdt qud ddi chat chua ro; 2) Sau khi kdt thiic didu tra, VKS da nhan hd so vu dn, ndu thay cd mdu thuan trong Idi khai ciia nhimg ngudi tham gia td tung hoae trudng hpp cdn thidt thi KSV tidn hanh ddi chat.
Dd thyc hidn cd hidu qua vide ddi ehdt, KSV can nghidri ciiu cdc chiing cii, tai lieu khdc cd trong hd so dd kip thdi phdt hidn cdc mau thuan trong Idi khai ciia nhirng ngudi tham gia td tung, ddng thdi, yen edu CQDT tidn hanh cac bidn phap didu tra khdc dd gidi quydt mau thuan trudc do.
Trong trudng hop da cd nhiing tai Heu, ehiing cii 1dm rd dupe cac mau thuan thi VKS khdng edn phai tidn hanh ddi chat.
- TTiifc nghiem dieu tra:
Theo quy dinh tai Didu 204 BLTTHS nam 2015, thye nghidm didu tra dupe tidn hanh trong trudng hpp dd kidm tra, xac minh tai lieu, tinh tidt cd y nghia ddi vdi vide gidi quydt vu an. Kiem sdt vidn tien
hanh thyc nghidm didu tra trong cac trudng hpp: 1) Trong giai doan didu tra, VKS da ydu ciu CQDT thyc nghidm didu tra nhung CQDT khdng thuc hidn hoac thuc hidn khdng diy du; 2) Trong giai doan truy td, xet thay viec thuc nghidm didu tra don gidn, khdng can phdi trd hd so cho CQDT dd didu tra bd sung thi KSV bdo cdo, dd xudt Lanh dao don vi, lanh dao Vidn ty minh hoac phdi hpp vdi CQDT td chiie thuc nghidm didu tra (khodn 2 Didu 15 Quy chd tam thdi cdng tdc thuc hanh quydn cdng td, kidm sdt vide kham nghiem hidn trudng, kham nghidm tu thi, thyc nghidm dieu tra vd giam dinh, ban hanh kem theo Quydt dinh sd 170/QD-VKSTC ngay 02/5/2018 ciia Vien trudng VKS nhdn ddn tdi eao).
Dd boat ddng thyc nghidm didu tra cd hidu qua, KSV edn phdi phdi hpp vdi CQDT theo quy dinh tai Thdng tu lidn tich sd 04/2018. Bdn canh dd, KSV cd thd mdi ngudi cd chuydn mdn tham gia, ddng thdi chudn bi cdc phuang tidn, ky thuat dd vide thyc nghidm ddp ling dupe ydu cau.
Tom Igi, VKS thyc hien tdt mdt sd boat ddng didu tra se gdp phan nang cao hidu qua cdng tdc thuc hdnh quydn cdng td, kidm sat didu tra; kip thdi khac phuc nhiing vi pham, thieu sdt trong vide thu thap, danh gid chirng cii, chiing minh tdi pham, han che vide tra hd so dd didu tra bd sung va dam bdo tidn dp gidi quydt vu an hinh su. Do dd, KSV, Kidm tra vidn cin nam viing nhidm vu, quydn han ciia minh, trau ddi kidn thiic phap luat, ky nang nghidp vu dd dam bao ede hoat ddng didu tra dat kdt qua tdt.O
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Tap ehi .^KIEMSAT I 2 5