-Khoa hpc Glao dMC
Tl/Tl/OfNG H 6 CHi IVIINH VE DAN CHU TRONG HOAT D O N G QUAN Li TRl/OUG HOC
1. QuIn li trudng hpc la mdt trong nhiJYig nhiem vu bao trum cCia ngudi lanh dao nhl trudng.
De nlng cao hieu qui quIn li, ngUdi lanh dao phli khdng ngCftig dtic ket kinh nghiem, tim tdi nhCfng bi^n phap tdi Uu, quan t i m den tam tU, nguyen vpng, ddi sdng cua cIn bd edng chdc, xay dUng dupc bau khdng khi tam If linh manh, doan ket gin bd va y thUc phan dau vUdn len vi trich nhiem d nhan v l vi thanh danh cCia tap the nhl trudng. Mdt trong nhOfng bien phap tdt nhit de tic ddng vIo su phIt trien nha trudng chinh la thue hanh din chu.
Ve van di nay, Ble Ho da de lai cho chung ta nhieu bli hpe quy gil.
Ndi chuyen vdi trudng Thanh nien Lao ddng Xa hpl chCi nghTa Hda Binh ngly 17 thing 8 nIm 1962, Bac Ho can dan thiy giao va hpc sinh nha trudng:
"Phdi bdn bac dan chu. Cd edng viec gl, ban phu trdch trudng bdn bac vdi anh em, tdm cho tU tUdng mgi ngUdi thong suot, dgng vien mgi ngUdi cung Idm, chdkhdng nen ban phu trdeh dinh ke hoach rdi bdtmgi ngUdi Idm..." (X, 589)
Tren cdsd nhOfng Idi dayci!ia Sieve dan ehu, bli Viet trinh biy mot luan diem cua Ho Chi Minh ve din chu trong hoat dong quan 11 trudng hpe.
2. Ndi dung chu yeu cua tutudng Ho Chi Minh v^ din chu trong hoat ddng quIn If trUdng hpc la:
"Phdi bdn bac ddn chu".
. Ldi phIt ngdn tren cOa Bac cd gil trj khang djnh mot chan If, mdt menh Idnh ngin gpn m l cd sdc khIi quit Idn. Trong bli ndi tren, sau khi neu yeu d u "Phdi bdn bac ddn chu", BIc tiep tuc gili thfeh rd hdn y kien cua minh;"Cd edng viicgi, ban phu trdch trUdng bdn bac vdi anh em..'.'
Trong moi trudng hpe deu cd rat nhieu cong viec.
Nhufng edng viec dd du Idn hay nhd deu ddi hdi ngudi lanh dao phli quan tam gill quyet. Neu vdi mdttinh than "6dn bac don c/iu" thi khi cdcdng viec gl, "ban phu trdeh trUdng bdn bgc vdi anh em,..."
CIch ndi cua Bac cho thay: hau nhUviec gi trong trudng cung can phli dupc dem ra "ban bac dan chu".
TS.VdVANLOC Trilfmg Dai hgc Sdi Gbn
2.1 VI sao viicgi cung can phli duae dem ra ban bac din chi!i?
Mot - V\ din II chu, tap hpp dUdc din II tap hdp dUdc sUc manh vd dich. Dieu nay da dupe Bac nhac di nhac lai nhieu lln:
"Phdi nhd rdng ddn td chu. Ddn nhu nude, mlnh nhu cd. Luc luang bao nhiiu Id nhd d ddn hef (IV, 101)
Hai - Cd ban bac dan ehu mdi phIt huy dupe sing kien cua quan chung:
"Co ddn chu mdi tdm cho cdn bg, qudn chung de ra sdng kien" (V, 244}
Ba - Cd bin bac din ehu mdi "Idm cho tUtUc^g mgi ngudi thong suot" de eung llm.
Thdng suot II mot dau hieu bin chat eua din chCi. 6 day, dan chCi cd the hieu nhu la mdt hinh thUc eua edng tie tu tudng. Thdng suot khdng chi la mot mot dau hieu din ehu ddi vdi ngUdi llm edng tac quIn li ma cdn la mot dau hieu dan ehu ddi vdi ngudi hpc, hpe sinh. Ngudi hpc mudn biet, hieu thi phli dan ehu hdi, bdn:
"Ai edykien gi deu that tho phdt bleu. Dieu gi chua thdng su6t thi hdi, bdn eho thdng suof (VII, 456)
BIc chi ra mot yeu td tim If rat can duac quan t i m trong viee trao ddi, ban bac de thdng suot:
"Mp/ ngUdi deu hieu mdi vui Idng lam. Cd ngUdi chua hieu, ehUa hdi Idng md bdt ho Idm thi hong viee" (VI1, 540)
Bdn - Bin thin ngudi llm edng tac quIn li cung cd han che ve hieu biet v l kinh nghiem, nen can lang nghe y kien cua quan chung de bo sung cho hieu bietva kinh nghiem cua minh:
"Suhieli biet vd kinh nghiem eua minh eung ehUa du eho St/ lanh dgo dung ddn. Vi vdy, ngodi kinh nghiem cua minh, ngudi lanh dgo con phdi dung kinh nghiem cua ddng viin, eua ddn chung, de thim cho kinh nghiem eua mlnh" (V, 285)
Nam - Dan chu - theo nhu BIc Ho khang djnh - II chiee"CWa khda van ndng"co the giup nhl quan If gili quyet nhufng tinh hudng xau nhat {XII, 249).
KHGD SO 69, thdng 6 - 2011 9
Khoa hpc Gido dgc •
NhOng dieu If gili tren day giup chung ta hieu rd hdn Idi BIc day: QuIn li II mot loai hoat ddng phUe tap, vi no luon gan vdi con ngudi, thdng qua con ngudi ma hudng tdi dat nhCfng muc tieu quIn li. Vi vay, ngUdi lam edng tie quIn If ndi chung, quIn If gilo due ndi rieng, khdng dupe ehu quan, kieu ngao (Ngudi linh dao khdng nen kieu ngao m l nen hieu thau - Ho Chi Minh). Ngupe lai, can phli gan gui, sau sit vdi quan chung, ling nghe y kien eua quan chung. Quan chung gili quyet dupe nhOftig viee ma lanh dao nghT mil khdng ra. BIc Ho cd Ian da ndi nhu the. Viec gl trong trudng hpc cung can phli dupe dem ra ban bac dan chu. Cd the ndi, gil tri va tinh hien thUc cua tu tudng Hd Chi Minh ve din chCi trong trudng hpe II vd cung to Idn!
2.2. Muc dich cCia ban bac din ehu II gi?
La Idm cho tUtUdng mgi ngudi thdng suot, ddng vien mgi ngudi edng Idm.
Cd the ndi, dly chinh la Idi chi dan cd gia trj phuong phap luin chung chat cho quan diem cCia Chu tich Hd Chi Minh v^ din ehu trong hoat ddng quIn li ndi chung v l quIn li giao due, quIn li trudng hpe ndi rieng. Ldmcho tUtUdng mglngudi thdng suot vUa la bien phap vUa la muc tieu eua hoat ddng quIn If. LI bien phIp, khi thdng suot la cCfa ngd de dan ehu di vIo ddi sdng gilo due trong nha trudng, qua dd, thay va trd cung thue hien day dii phucmg chim, nguyen li gilo due cua Dang, muc tieu dIo tao eua trUdng. LI muc tieu, khi thdng suot trd thInh mdt gia tri ma chi cd nen giao due dan ehu chan chfnh mdi mang den de hinh thanh nhan each van hda din ehu eho ngUdi hpc Thdng suot, nhu vay, khdng ddng hanh vdi Ip dat, nhol nhet, menh lenh mat dan chu. Nd chi nay nd tren mot VUdn Udm day yeu thUdng, nhin dao, dupe kfeh thich bdi Idng tu trpng, trung thUc, bin ITnh v l hudng tdi li XUdng dep de, mang hoal bao cong hien va sing tao cho din tde v l nhan loai.
Cf mot bli ndi khie eua Chu tjch Hd Chi Minh, ta cung thay NgUdi de ra yeu d u f/iongsudf trong sU hpc (Xem Khoa hgc Gido due sd 66, thing 3 - 2011, tr.
25). Nhu vay, mpf nin gido due hodn todn Viit Nam m l Chu tjch Hd ChiMinh day edng xaydUng la mot nen gilo due dan chu mdi, trong dd, thdng suot la mot trong nhOfng thudc tinh lam nen bin chat die trung eua nen gilo due dan chu mdi d nudc ta (3).
2.3. Neu khdng ban bac dan chCi thi se gap tie hai nhuthe nio?
Khdng dUa ra bin bac din chu II mdt dau hieu cua benh ehu quan. ChCi quan la mdt con dUdng ngan dan den quan lieu, menh lenh, bdt xen.
Trong bli ndi ngay 17 thing 8 nIm 1962 tren day, sau khi neu ra vli vi du de chdng minh cho sU can thiet cua thUc hanh dan chu trong edng tie quan If trudng hpc, Bac Ho k^t luan:
"Cung vi nhu d ddy, neu ban phu trdch ed sdng kien, cd ddn chu thi trudng tdt, neu ban phu trdeh Igi quan lieu, minh tinh, bdt xen, trudng si khdng ra gi hefiX, 589-591)
BIc dung each ndi ddi xdng lam rd su khae nhau giOa dan chu v l quan lieu trong hoat ddng quIn li.
3. Bdn bgc ddn chu trong hoat ddng quIn If trudng hpc la mdt luan diem nIm trong he thong quan diem dan ehu Hd Chi Minh ve hoat dong quan If, lanh dao dudi anh sang cua phUdng phIp luan MIe-Lenin.
Anh hUdngtutudngfMnddncuacha minh, bin than Nguyen Tat ThInh - Nguyen Ai Quoc - Hd Chi Minh lai cd Idng yeu thUdng ddng bio, yeu thUdng nhan loai can Iao bj dau kho, ke thUa truyen thong tdt dep eua din toe va tinh hoa vIn hda nhin loai, tiep thu tutudng tien bp ve vai trd cCia quan chUng nhan dan cua chu nghTa Mac - L^nin, Hd Chi Minh ludn dinh gil cao sUc manh cua nhan dan tren tat cl mpi lanh vUe cua ddi sdng xa hdi. Vi vay, tutu&ig dan ehu dHoChi Minh ndi chung, tutudng dan chCi trong hoat ddng quIn li ndi rieng, 11 sin pham cua mdt nhan eleh vIn hda Vi^t Nam vUa truyen thdng vCra hien dai, vUa dam net van hda phUdng Ddng vUa tiep can tU tUdng dan ehu tien bd cCia phUdng Tay, nen ed gil trj phd quit va ben vufng.
TU tudng dan ehu Hd Chi Minh lam cd sd va n^n ting xay dUng Dang Cong sin Viet Nam, xay dung Nhl nude Viet Nam, he thdng to chOfc chinh quyen, mat tran, ele doan the chinh trj - x l hdi, elc nganh, trong dd cd nganh gilo due - dIo tao.
4.Trong bdi einh hpl nhap kinh te quoc te ngly d n g sau rpng, dat nUdc ta dang dUng trude yeu cau "PhIt trien, nang cao chat lupng gilo due va dao tao, chat lupng nguon nhin luc; phIt trien khoa hpc edng nghe va kinh te tri thiuc. Tap trung gill quyet van de viec llm vlthu nhap cho ngUdi Iao ddng, nlng cao ddi sdng vlt chat va tinh than cua nhan dan" (2, 321), Tu tudng Ho Chi Mlnh ve dan chu trong hoat ddng quIn li trudng hpc can duge nghien cOfu quan triet va van dung tich cUc hdn, hieu qui hon. Vi vay, vai trd cua hieu trudng, gilm doe cd sd gilo due v l dao tao la het sdc quan trpng trong viec gilo due, hinh thanh nhan thCfc,
(Xem tiep trang 16)
10 KHGD so 69, thdng 6-2011
K h o a h p c G i a o di^c - -Nghten -Tinh g i l m khdi lupng k i l n thUc.Tap trung v I o
nhOfng cd sd cho hpc tap suot ddi. Tang eUcflig viee giao due kl n l n g sdng eho hpe sinh.
- Chu y tdi day hpc tich hpp. Day manh day v l hpc tfeh cue nham p h I t trien e l e nang luc cho hpc sinh;Tang cudng cho hpe sinh thuc hanh, van dung kien thu'c, kT n l n g v I o d c tinh hudng ed nghTa; Da dang hda d c hoat ddng hpe tap; t i n g cudng cho hpe sinh t i m tdi kham pha, nghien edu, thUe hien d c d u an hpc tap tham gia d e hoat dong xa hpl; day manh Ung dung cd hieu q u i edng nghe t h d n g tin.
- Trong p h I t t r i l n chUdng trinh: p h l n d p manh hdn cho cd quan g i l o due dja phUdng v l nha trudng trong viec xay dUng chuong trinh dia phUdng. Dong thdi can tap huan, bdi dUdng n l n g cao nang luc thuc hien cho d c dja phUdng va nha trUdng v l ed nhUng ho t r p d n t h i l t . Bd ed the x l y dung mdt sd"mau"de tham khIo.
Da dang hda ve tai lieu day hpc: cd nhCfng t l i lieu ho trp day hpc phu hpp vdi d e viing mien, ddi tupng. Mdt sd mdn hpe ed the ed mot so bp sleh de n h l trudng lua chon phu hop vdi dieu kien thuc te.Da dang hda ve loai hinh t l i lieu; in; CD/VCD/...;
Internet;...
Trong quan li chUdng trinh, d n p h l n d p manh hdn eho dja phuong; eho phep nha trudng ehCi ddng, linh hoat hdn trong t o ehUe thUe hien chUdng trinh.
Chuan bj ddng bd, d i e biet la van de dpi ngu f g i l o vien de dap Ofng dupc yeu d u doi mdi eua
chuong trinh.
Tai lieu tham VhAo
1. International Bureau of Education .Thedebate on competencies, 2005.
2. Chudng trlnh Gido due pho thdng eua Quebec 2005.
3. l u o n g Viet Thai, Bdo edo Hoi thao Di tdi Phdt trien chuang trlnh theo dinh hudng phdt trien ndng lUcngUdi hoc, 20^0.
4. Muller W, Nghiin edu li ludn dgy vd hgc vat II ngdynay,2009.
5. Nguyen Thi Minh PhUdng, Bdo edo tong kit De tdi Xay dUng khung ndng lue cua hgc sinh phS thdng Viet Nam,2009..
6. Roegiers X, Cdeh tlep can theo ndng luc tgi edc nude sddung tieng Phdp dChdu Phi - Mdt v l i xu hudng, 2008.
7. Tap chi so sdnh chUcmg trinh INCA.
SUMMARY
This article addresses the curriculum development using capacity development approach. In this article the author presents: 1/concepts of capacity, research on needed capacities done by other countries and international organizations; 2/ learners' capacity centered curriculum development and content based curriculum; 3/ advantages of capacity-based curriculum; 4/ requirements for capacity-based curriculum.
Tl/Tl/ONG...
(Tlep theo trang 10}
phUdng phap v l tac phong d i n chCi tien bp theo quan ^ I m Ho Chi Minh eho d n bd, g i l n g vien va sinh vien, hpc sinh trUcmg minh.
Ddn chu I I d i l u kien tien quyet de di d i n thdng suot. Hoc sinh d n p h l i thdng suot mp/vtJhde trong sU hpc. Can bp, g i l n g vien eung d n dupe thdng suot nhCfng van d l ve t o chde q u I n ly, eua don vj minh.De cho ddi tUong mlnh dupe thdng suot, n h l q u I n li, g i l n g vien trude h i t p h l i ed e l l tam trong s i n g , nhiet thanh, ed nang luc chuyen mdn gldi, phuong p h I p tdt, quan he t o t v l m d t he t h o n g t o chu'c q u I n If dan chu, cdi md.
T A l L l | U T R f C H D A N
1. Hd Chf Minh, Todn tdp, tap I d i n tap VI xuat b i n n I m 1995; Tap VII den tap XII xuat b i n n I m 1996, NXB Chfnh trj Quoc gia, H I Ndi.
2. D i n g Cong s i n Viet Nam (2011), Vdn kien Dgi hdi dgi bieu todn quoc Idn thdXI, NXB Chinh trj Quoc gia. Ha Npi.
3. V6 V I n Lde (2011), Quan diem cua Chu tjch Hd ChifiAinh veddn chu trong gido due, NXB Chinh trj Qudegia, HaNpi.
SUMMARY
Based upon President Ho Chi Minh's speeches the author has summarized his thinking on democracy in school management
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