Lam hoc
\i DANH GIA TINH HINH SINH TRlTOfNG VA HIEU QUA KINH TE CUA
MO HINH RlTNG T R 6 N G QUE {CINNAMOMUM CASSIA BLUME) TAI XAYEN CU' - HUYEN CHO MOfl - TINH BAC KAN
Vu Thi Hirdng^ Trieu Thi Hong Hanh^7715. Trudng Bgi hgc Ldm nghiep Sv. Tru&ng Dgi hgc Ldm nghiep TOM TAT
Bai bao trinh bay tom t5t ket qua nghien ciiu ve tinh hinh sinh trucmg va hieu qua kinh te ciia mo hinh rimg trong Que tai xa Yen Cu, huyen Chg Moi, tinh Bac K^. Noi dung chu ylu gdm sinh truong cua md hinh rimg trong Que (Cinnamomum cassia Blume) va danh gia hieu qua kinh te thong qua cac chi tieu: NPV, BCR, IRR.
Ket qua nghien cuu cac chi tieu danh gia sinh tnrdng cua duong kinh (D^^) tiz 10,26 - 11,44 (cm), chieu cao viit nggn (W^) tir 7,49 - 8,01 (m), duong kinh tan ( ^ ) tir 2,68 - 3,07 (m). Trong 6 OTC nghien cuu, co trii lugng cao nhat la 5,00 m''/ha/nam, trir lugng thap nhat la 3,87 m'/ha/nam. Hieu qua kinh t^ riing Qui vdi chu ki kinh doanh 15 nSm: Igi nhuan rong NPV (145.727.581 ddng), hieu suit diu tu BCR (5,18 ddng), tysujt thu h6i v6n ngi tai IRR (32%). Qua do thay dugc rang. Que trdng thuan loai tai xa Yen Cu co kha nang sinh tnrcmg kha tdt, mang lai hieu qua kinh te cho nguoi dan, tao dugc cong in, vi^c lam, gdp phan vko vi?c phu xanh dit trdng ddi niii trgc, cai thi|n moi tnrcmg.
Tir khda: Higu qud kinh ti. Que, rung trdng, sinh tnr&ng. Yen Cu.
I. D^T VAN DE
Trong cac loai cay lara san thi cay Que (Cinnamomum Cassia Blnme) dugc biet den nhu mgt Ioai cay dac san cua viing nhiet ddi.
Que khong chi cd tac dung phii xanh dat trdng doi nui frpc, bao ve radi trudng sinh thai ma san phara cua Que dugc sir dung frong nhieu Iinh viic, thuc pham, y dupc, san xuat cdng nghiep va cung cap go cui. Tinh dau que la ragt mat hang co gia tri xuat khau cao hien nay dang dugc ua chugng.
Que luon la loai cay than thugc vdi ddng bao cac d ^ tdc mien mii, dac bi8t Que dugc trdng nhieu d khu vuc Chg Mdi - Bac Kan.
Khi hau huyen Chg Mdi mang dac tnmg cua khi hau nhiet ddi gid raiia, raiia Dong trdi gia ret, nhieu khi cd suong muoi gay anh hudng den sir sinh tnrdng cua cay trong va gia sue nhung lai la dieu ki|n de phat triSn cac loai cay ua lanh nhu Que. Cimg vdi nhung dieu kien tu nhien, dat dai ncri day da tao dieu kien rit thuan lgi cho ngudi dan trong xa Yen Cu trdng
Que. Que da dem Iai rat nhieu lgi ich cho kinh te hg gia dmh cdng nhu sinh thai radi trudng.
Bai bao nay phan anh mgt trong nhung ket qua nghien cuu cua d€ tai.
n . PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ 2.1. Doi tirgng nghien cuu: Lam phan Que (Cinanamomum cassia Blume) 12 tudi frong thuan loai tai xa Y^n Cu - huyen Chg Mdi - tinh Bac Kan.
2.2. Phuvng phap nghien cihi 2.2.1. Phirffngphdp chung
- Ap dung phuong phap dieu tra khao sat, thu thap va phan tich sd li^u.
Su dung thong ke toan hgc trong lam nghiep de xu Iy so lieu va danh gia ket qua nghien cuu.
2.2.2. Phuffngphdp cg thi
a. Phuffngphdp thu thgp sd lieu ve sinh tnr&ng Chuan bi dung cu, tien hanh lap 06 d tieu chuan dien hinh tam thdi. Dien tich mdi 6 tieu TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 3-2015
Lam hpc
chuan la 500 m^ (25 m x 20 m). Ngi dung diSu tra frong d tieu chuan nhu sau:
- Diiu tra tdng cdy cao: Dudng kinh (Di 3):
dimg thudc kep kinh de do (cm). Chilu cao vut nggn (H™) va chieu cao dudi canh (Hjc)' ^o bang thudc Blumley (m). Dudng kmh tan (Dt):
do bang thudc day (m). Dua vao chilu cao (Hvn), dudng kinh ngang nguc (Di 3), do thang than cay dh phan loai phara chat tCmg cay frong OTC, tit do danh gia chat lugng rimg. Do tan che rirag dugc xac dinh d 100 diem, theo phucmg phap dieu fra diem.
- Diiu tra tdng cdy bui thdm tuai: Cay bui tham tuoi dugc dieu tra tai 5 d dang ban (tam va 4 goc), dien tich moi 6 dang ban la 25 m (5m X 5m). Tien hanh dieu tra cac loai cay bui tham tuoi chii yeu, chieu cao binh quan va do che phu.
b. Phucmg phdp thu thgp so lieu vi hiiu qud kinh ti ciia rimg trdng Que
Phong van ngudi dan trdng rimg ve tong chi phi trdng Iha Que tir khi frdng, cham sdc, bao v§ va khai thac, ve gia ban cac san pham Que nliu vo, gd, canh, la.
c. Phuffngphdp xir ly so lieu + Ddnh gid sinh tru&ng
- Sd li?u dieu d-a thu thap ngoai nghiep dugc xu ly tinh toan theo thong ke toan hgc, xir ly tren phan mem Excel.
- Tinh cac dac tnmg thdng ke.
- Kiem fra tinh thuan nhSt v l D1.3, Hvn, D, cua 6 OTC trong hai mo hinh rung trong Que thuan Ioai tai khu vuc nghien cuu. Ki6m tra thuan nhat bang tieu chuan U ciia phan bo chuan. vdi a = 0 , 0 5 .
- Xac dinh tuong quan H\T,/DI,3, Di/Di 3: su dung phuoTig trinli hoi quy thudng diing trong lam nghidp.
- Kilm tra chat lugng cay frong, bSng tieu chuSn Xn
+ Ddnh gid hieu qud kinh ti
Su dung nhimg chi tieu c a ban de danh gia hieu qua kmh t l : NPV, BCR, IRR
- Lgi nhuan rong hien tai (NPV):
NPV--
h^^^^y
- Ty le thu thap tren chi phi (BCR) : Bt 2jt=o
BCR--
TT+W
V"
z.t=o Ct
=" (1 +
ry
- Ty le thu h6i npi bp IRR: Ty I? thu hoi npi bp hay con gpi la ty le thu hoi von noi tai, la mpt ty le chi6t khSu, khi ty le nay lam cho gia tri NPV=0 CO nghia la khi:
NPV= i : ? ^ „ ^ = O t h i r = I R R .
+ N6u IRR > r phuang an c6 kha nang hoan tra von va dupc chap nhan.
+ Neu IRR < r phuong an khong co kha nang hoan tra von nen khong dupc chap nhan.
I I I . K E T QUA N G H I E N CUTU
3.1. Nghien cuu sinh trtrdng ciia cac lam p h a n Q u i 12 tuoi t r o n g t h u i n l o i i 3.1.1. Sinh tru&ng D].j
Ki^m tra sai di timg cap vS duong kinh ngang nguc Di 3 bSng tieu chuin U cua phan bd chufci. KSt qua cho thiy |(/t| 6 cac 6 tieu chuan dSu < 1,96, la thuin nhit nghia la sinh truang \i duong kinh tai vi tri 1,3m a cic 6 tieu chuin trong mo hinh rung trdng thuin loai la khong co su khac biet ro rang, Kdt qua nay cho phep gpp cac 6 tieu chuin 1,2,3 vao tong the I va OTC 4,5,6 vao thanh tdng thg II. TiSp tuc kiem tra sai di cho hai tdng thd ldn nay thu dupc ket qua nhu bang sau:
12 T . \ P C H I KHOA H Q C VA CONG N G H E L A M N G H I E P S O 3-2015
Ldm hpc Bang 3.1.5a sinh sinh trudng dirang liinh Du ciia Que 12 tudi tren hai mo hinh ' rimg trdng thudn lodi
K e t q u a nghien ciru M o hinh r i m g
tr6ng H o gia d i n h l H o gia dinh 2
O T C I II
N (cay)
245 234
O l 3 (cm) 11,03 10,66
S (m) 2,57 2,84
S % 23,29 26,59
P % 2,58 3,02
ABi.3 \Ut\
(cm/nam) 0,92
1 49 0,89 ' ^ Qua bang 3.1 cho thdy \U^\ = 1,49 < 1,96,
dieu dd chung to rang sinh trudng Dj 3 ciia (Jul 12 tudi dugc frdng d hai hd gia dinh la tuong ddi gidng nhau. Q u i d hg gia dmh 1 co D u dat 11,03 cm, tuong duong vdi lugng tang trudng binh quan chung dat 0,92 (cm/nam) cao hon Que d hd gia dinh 2 vdi dudng kirih trung binh Dl 3 dat 10,66 cm, lugng tang trudng binh quan chung dgt 0,89 (cm/nam). He s6 biln dgng (S%) cua hd gia dinh 1 la 23,29% th^p hon so vdi hd gia dinh 2 (26,59%). Chung td su phan hda v l D1.3 cua Que d gia dinh 2 la cao ban.
3.1.2. Sinh trir&ng ve Hvn
Kiem fra sai di tung cap ve chieu cao vut nggn Hvn bang tieu chuan U cua phan bo chuan. Ket qua cho thay \Vt\ a cac 6 tieu chuan deu < 1,96, la thuan nhat nghia la smh trudng ve chieu cao viit nggn d cac d tieu chuan trong mo hinh rirag trdng thuSn loai la khdng cd su khac biet ro rang. Ket qua nay cho phep gpp cac d tieu chuan 1,2,3 vao tong the I va OTC 4,5,6 vao thanh tdng t h i IL T i l p tuc kiem tra sai di cho hai tong the Idn nay thu dugc ket qua nhu bang sau:
Bang 3.2. So sdnh sinh tru&ng H,.„ cda Qui 12 tudi trin hai md hinh rung trdng thuan lodi
Md hinh r u n g t r o n g
K e t q u a nghien cmi N
(cay) H^m) S
(m) S% P %
(m/nam) \Vt\
Hg gia dinh 1 I 245 7,73 1,40 18,03 1,99 0,64
Hd gia dinh 2 II 234 7,82 1,44 18,41 0,65 0,65 0,64
Qua bang 3.2 cho thdy |(/tl = 0,64< 1,96, la thuan nhat chieu cao viit ngpn trung binh (7,73-7,82ra). He so bien dgng (S%) ciia md hinh frong rirag Que cua hg gia dinh thu nhat la 18,03% thap hon so vdi S% cua hd gia dinh thli 2. Lugng tang trudng thudng xuyen hang nam khong cd su chenh Idn (0,64 - 0,65).
3.1.3. Sinh tru&ng D,
Qh kiem fra sai di tung cap, su dung tieu
chuan U ciia phan bd chuan tieu chuan. Ket qua cho thay \Uf\ a cdc 6 tieu chuan deu <I,96, nghia la sinh trudng ve dudng kmh tan d cac 6 tieu chuan trong ciing mdt md hinh la chua co su khac biet ro rang. Tir do cd the ggp cac d tieu chuan 1,2,3 vao tong the I, d tieu chuan 4,5,6 vao tong the II. Tiep tuc kiem tra sai di cho hai tong the ldn nay thu dugc ket qua nhu bang sau:
T ^ P C H I K H O A H Q C VA C O N G N G H E L A M N G H I E P SO 3-2015
Lam hoc
Bang 3.3. So sanh sinh trudng D, cia Qui 12 tudi tren hai mdhinh rimg trdng thudn loai ^ Ket q u i nghUn cihi
Mo hinb rimg
trong thuan loai OTC N (cay) (m)
S (m)
S % P% ADt
(m/nam) If/.l Ho gia dinh 1
Ho gia dinh 2 I II
245 234
2,83 2,95
0,93 0,88
32,58 29,59
3,63 3,35
0,24 0,25 1,45 Qua bang 3.3 cho thiy |t/tl=l,45 < 1,96,
di6u do chiing to ring sinh tnrong Dt cua hai mo hinh rimg trong Qud 12 Woi tai hai hp gia dinh dupc trong o vi tri, huang doc va dp doc khac nhau nhtmg khong co su sai khac ro ret.
Tuy nhien, he s6 biln dpng cua hp gia dmh 1 la 32,58% lon han so v6i hp gia dmh 2 la 29,58%. Lupng tang trucmg thucmg xuyen hang nam chi dao dpng trpng khoang tir 0,24 - 0,25(m/nam).
Bang 3.4. Kit qui linh todn Ira Jumtg ciia Qui 12 tudi Iren hai mo hinh rimg Irdng
STT 1
2
Mo hinh trong Qu4 thu^n loai HO gia dinh 1
H9 gia dinh 2
OTC 1 2 3 TB
4 5 6 TB
Hang muc M (m-'/ha)
60,01 54,34 48,88 54,41 51,12 49,25 46,39 48,92
AM( m^/ha/nam) 5,00 4,53 4,07 4,53 4,26 4,10 3,87 4,08 Qua kit qua tinh toan tir bilu 3.4 cho thdy: t h i du doan dugc r i n g d i n cudi chu ky kinh trit lugng rimg n-dng Q u i ciia bg gia dinh 1 cao doanh thi cay trdng t^i gia dmh 1 se cho san hon gia dinh 2. D\ra vao trii lugng hien tai va lugng cao hon.
lugng tang trudng binh quan hang nam thi co 3.2. Ddnh gid chat lugng rimg trdng
Bang 3.5. Tong hgp sd cdy tot, cay trung binh, cdy xau cua Qui 12 tuoi trin hai md hinh rdng trdng thuan loai tgi khu virc nghien curu
Mo hinh rimg trting Que
H9 gia dinh 1 H9 gia dinh 2
Cay tot S6 cSy %
145 59,18 130 55,56
Cay trung binh S6 cSy %
74 30,2 80 34,19
Cay xau So cay %
26 10,61 24 10,26 yl
4,79 Qua bang tong hgp 3.5 cho thay: De kiem
d^ ch5t lugng rimg trdng Que sii dung tieu chuin Xo5 ^^ kilm tta, kit qua Xn= 4,79<Xo5=
5,99 (k=2). Vay dilu do chimg td d cac vi tri
khac nhau rimg trong Que thuan Ioai giiia hai hg gia dinh thi chat lugng cay trdng tai do khdng cd su khac nhau ro ret.
TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 3-2015
Lam hpc
3.3. Tinh hinh sinh tnromg cay bui, tham tiTffi du-oi tan rung
Loai cay bui, thara tuai chit yeu tai day la Ioai cd tre, cd tranh, duong xi, da cdm, mua, tu hli, lau. Chilu cao trung bmh tir 0,35 - 0,55 m, dp che phu khoang 45 - 50%. Tir dd co thi thay rang chat lugng smh trudng cua cay bui, tham tuoi tai khu vyc dieu tra, nghien cuu d muc trung binh nguyen nban mdt phin la do anh hudng cua dg tan che, do tan che khoang (0,58 - 0,65) nen cay bui tham tuoi khong co dli anh sang de quang hgp, diln thi tai sinh
theo chieu hudng xau di din den smh trudng dat muc tnmg binh.
3.4. Hieu qua ldnh te cua rimg trong Que tai khu virc nghien ciru
De xac dinh hieu qua kinh te ciia rirag trong Que, phai tinh toan lgi nhuan rdng NPV, ty suat thu nhap so vdi chi phi BCR, ty suat thu hdi vdn ngi tai IRR ciia ca chu ky kinh doanh, Tai thdi diem kiem tra rirag Qu6 dugc 12 tuoi, tuy nhien chu ky kinh doanh d day la 15 nam.
Do vay hieu qua kinh te cua md hinh rimg Que tai khu vuc nghien ciiu thu dugc nhu sau:
Dau tir 31.038.928
Bang 3.6. Hiiu Doanh thu 619.940.000
qua kinh te ciia
Chi phi 63.586.592
rimg trdng Que NPV (dong) 145.727.581
chu ky 15 ndm NPV/nam
(dSng) 9.715.172
BCR
5,18 I R R
(%)
32 - Chi phi dau tir cho 1 ha rimg trong Que
Viec x^c djnh chi phi dau tu cho 1 ha Que la xac dinh chi phi trdng va cham soc rung Que. De xac dinh dugc chi phi dau ty frdng, cham sdc cho 1 ha Que can cii vao dinh muc kinh te ky thiuit trong rirag, khoanh nuoi xiic tien tai sinh rimg va bao ve rimg So 38/2005/QD-BNN, ngay 06/07/2005, djnh mirc cdng thyc te ap dung tai dia phuang. Can cii cac tai lieu, sd li?u thu thap tir thuc te san xuat kinh doanh trong Que ciia nban dan dia phuang nai tac gia tien hanh nghien cuu.
Chi phi diu tu cho Iha riing frong Que bao gdm chi phi cay con, phan bdn, trdng rirag, cham sdc va bao ve rimg. Qua bang 3.6 thay, tdng chi phi dau tu cho rimg frong Que het 31.038.928 dong/Iia. Du toan chi phi cho Iha rimg trdng Que bao gom chi phi xay dung, khai thac, thul sir dung dit hit 63.586.529 ddng/ha.
- Doanh thu tur riumg trdng Qui sau chu k5' 15 nam
San pham chinh ciia cay Qu8 la vd Que, cac san pham phu bao gdm go cui, canh, la Que, hat gidng. Tdng doanh thu tir cac san pham ciia Qui la 619.940.000 ddng/ha. Trong do, tdng doanh thu cua viec ban vo Que la 510.800.000d6ng/ha. Tdng doanh thu ciia go Qui la 8I.100.000d6ng/ha. Tdng doanh thu tir viec tan thu canh, la Qui la 28.040.000 dong/ha.
- Lgi nhuan rong, ty le ho^n von va hieu suit dau tu
Ket qua d bang 3.6 cho thay, khi tinh theo phuang phap dgng cd quan tam den gia tri ciia tien te theo thdi gian thi Igi nhuan rong hien tai (NPV) thu dugc la: 145.727.581 ddng/ha, cii bo ra mdt ddng chi phi thi thu dugc 5,18 ddng Igi nhuan, ty Ie lgi nliuan binh quan la 32%.
TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 3-2015
Ldm hpc
Qua k5t qua phan tich, danh gia a tren chiing ta CO the thSy rSng; Nguoi dan trong Que tai khu vuc nghien cuu la c6 lai cao, dem lai nhieu lpi ich ve kuih t6, tang them thu nhap cho hp gia dmh, cai thien doi s6ng cua dong bao dan tpc miSn mii, vimg sau vung xa.
Do vay, ckn nhSn rpng m6 hmh rimg trong Que nay tren dia ban nghien ciiu va cac vimg lan can.
rv. KET LUAN
Sinh trudng cua Qu6 a xa Yen Cu la tuang ddi tdt ducmg kinh trung binh (D1.3) tir (10,26 - 11,44) cm. Chiju cao vut ngpn trung binh (7?;;;;) dao dpng tit (7,49 - 8,01) m. Dudng kinh tan trung binh (pi) tir (2,68- 3,07) m.
Trong 6 OTC nghien ciiu, cd tru: lupmg cao nhat la 5,00 m'/ha/nam, d^ lupng thip nhit la 3,87 m'/ha/nam.
Hieu qua kinh tl rung quS vdi chu ki kinlji, doanh 15 nam: Cac chi tieu danh gia hieu qua kinh doanh trdng Qui: lpi nhuan rong NPV (145.727.581 dong), hieu suit diu tu BCR (5,18 ddng), ty suit thu hdi von npi tai IRR (32%).
V. TAI L i f u THAM KHAO
1. BQ Nong nghiep (2005), Quyet dinh ban hanh dmh mirc kinh ti ky thu^t trdng rimg, khoanh nuoi xuc tiin tdi sinh rieng vd bdo vi rirng so 38/2005/QD-BNN, Ha Noi.
2. TrSn Hgrp (1991), "Cinnamon in North Vietnam", Research documents on Forest invenrory and PUmnong, Hanoi, Tr 85-90.
3 Pham Xuan Hoan (2001), "^Nghien cuu sinh truang vd sdn lupng ldm ca sd de xudt mpt so bien phap ky thudt trong kinh doanh rimg Que (Cinnamomum cassia Blume) ti3i tinh Yen Bdi", Luan an Tien sTNong nghiep, Dai hgc Lam nghidp. Ha Npi.
4. TrSn Duy Ruong (2013). Sinh tnicmg va hieu qua kinh ts cua rimg tr6ng Keo lai cr Binh Dinh. Tap chi Khoa hoc Ldm nghiep, Vien Khoa hoc Lam nghiep Viet Nam, s6 2, 2013, tr 2793-2798.
ASSESSMENT IN GROWTH AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF CINAMOM PLANTATION MODEL IN THE YEN CU COMUNE,
CHO MOI DISTRICT, BAC KAN PROVINCE
Vu Thi Huong, Trieu Thi Hong Hanh SUMMARY
The paper presents a summary of research results on the growth and economic effect ofa Cinnamon plantation model at Yen Cu commune, Cho Moi district, BacKan province. Main contents of this study wereassessments of growth and economic efficiency through indicators. The results showed that average diameter ranged fiora 10,26 - 11,44 cm, average total tree height ranged from 7,49- 8,01 m, averagecrown diameter ranged from 2,68 - 3,07 m. In total of 6 study plots, the highest volume was 5,00 m^/ha/year, the lowest volume was 3,87 m'/ha/year. Econnomic efficiency of Cinanmon forest in 15-year business cycle: Net present value (NPV) is 145.727.581 million dong. Benefit/cost ratio (BCR) is 5,18 dong. Internal rate of return (IRR) is 32%. Thus, monoculturedCinamon species hasa good growth potential bringing economic benefits to the local pepple, creating jobs, contributing to the greening of barren land and environmental improvement.
Keyword: Cinnamomum Cassia Blume, economic effects Growth,plantation. Yen Cu.
NguM phSn bi^n Ng^y nhSn bai Ng^y phan bien Ng^y quylt dinh dang
: PGS.TS. Tran Hiru Dio : 18/5/2015
: 06/6/2015 : 15/9/2015
TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 3-2015