i^b^c..«Scj,^c.fa <Jit:7^j^,^jt

•

KHOA HQC

CONG NGH$ »

B f i i V / ™ ° ' ^ ® ^"iT^ *^'N" NGHIEM TlNH T O A N Ll/ONG BUN CAT TRONG OI^U KIEN THI^U S6 LIEU QUAN TRAC

CHO CAc LU'U VLTC SONG VIET NAM

ThS. NGUYfiN VAN B ^ , NCS. O ^ G QUANG THINH, KS. PHUNG THJ THU TRANG

Vifn KH KM tugng Thdy vin vi BBKH CN. Lfi THJ HU^tiNG Trung lam Mgng lu&i KTTV vi mil Irudng

nghiim dixdcdfnlluZbZ^liriL ti :• "^^ """ "^'"^ "" """^ ^""^ ' ^ *'>"'

^^BoltonditinLdn^ZZ^^ct'^^l^^^^^^^

Kit qud cho thdy cd su khde biit rd, irm ^- -7 J ^ ''^" *""" "^^ ^ ^'^' ^""^

^^''''ennhdZsiL^I^Tktql^h^^^^^^

Tukhda: BUn cit. bdi ldng. luu v^song. cSng thdc kinh nghifm. Vift Nam.

Abstract: Sedimentation in reservoirs is an important issue related to lif^tin.. ^ ^ • . reservoirs. Infiow sediment coming to the reseZir is / ^ S I ^ ^ : ^ r , r . S : : r 5 reservoir deposition. Empirical formula is one of the good choices iT^alZ^!iZZZ of sediment tn the river basins to quantify the amount ofsedimention in the re^Zir whenZT

u^gilable. This article aims to appty the empirical formula develoJ^dfyZZyl:;^^^

estimate Ihe amount of sediment for river basins in Viemam Resets show ^ Z e , Zea, under/overeslimation of sedimentation if Ihe formula is applied without any adJusZn^Z Lfoeal cgndttions of river basins. In order to reduce biases, an ar^usted eoeffl7ent i! inZZd Tret g significant improvement m Ihe results when acgusledformula is employed

Key words: Sediment. deposUlon, river basin, empirical formuta. Vietiiam.

...k«.^»* i^b^c..«Scj,^c.fa <Jit:7^j^,^jt'^

• KHOA HQC C 6 N G NGHj: •

1976, Dendy vd Bolton dd nghifn cftu cac LVS Kit qufi frtoh bfiy frong bdi bta nfiy Ifi mft d My vd dua ra cfing fliftc kinh nghifm dl tinh phin cfta cdc kit qud nghifn cftu fliufc dl tdi Iupng bun cdt cho cta LVS khong cd s l lifu nghifin cftu khoa hpc vd phdt ttiln cfing nghf

niinn trie* iT\Ani4*f IFA - . - , 1 , \t\n^^ r^s ..i__'__ ^ X » * * - « . , . . . ^ ^

quan hfic (Dendy va nnk, 1976). Cfing fliftc ndy dfi dupc sft dyng rfng rdi hfin flil gidi vd cho cac kit qud khta nhau. Khi dp dyng cfing fliftc kinh nghifm nfiy tgi cta LVS d Vift Nam cin cd nhftng ddnh gid cy thi nhfim kilm tra sy phu hpp cua cdng tiiftc doi vfii cta d|c dilm khi hgu, thfi nhudng vd thdm phft thyc v|t cung nhu cdc hogt dfng khai tfita LVS. .Cfing tfiftc kinh nghifm hifu chinh dya trfn so Ufu quan trie tgi

cip Bp "Nghien cftu co sd khoa hpc tinh tota bfii ling hf thing h i chfta b|c fliang. Ap dyng tfu dilm cho sfing Dfi"

2. SO L i f U VA C 6 N G THtTC KINH NGHIfM A? DVNG

2.1. S l lifu

Nghifin cftu ndy sft dyng so lifu luu lupng nudc vfi nfing dp bftn cfit Io Iftng dupc quan trie tgi 60 tixun flifty vta frfin cdc LVS fliufc 3 khu 42 frgm flifty vta fren cdc LVS fliufc 3 khu vvc w c miln Bfic, miln Tnmg v l Tfiy Nguyfn dupc mien Bta, mien Tnmg vd Tdy Nguyfn. hinh bfiy cy flil frong btag 1.

Bfing 1. Thfirj ky tmh tofin lupng bftn cfit bfing cfing thftc cua Dendy vfi Bolton

Trfm thiy vin TiGia

Mftc Mudng Uy

ThM k^ ttnh loin 1973-80,2005-14 1997-2015

TjBii Hok Binh Thic MQc Bii Sang

1965-71, 1974-83, 1988, 1992-95, 1997-99, 2009- 10

1964-1983, 1986-1988, 1992-1999.2001-2015

TT

21

22

23

1960-2008,2010-2015

Trfm thiy vin ThicRikg

ThM k^ tfnh toin

Thic BuAi

ciu Mai 24

I96I-198I

L^ngSon ChO

12

15 BioUc UoCai B4oY«n

1969-1976

1977, 1989, 1996-1999 2005-10.2012-15 1961-1986,

2005-2015 1993-1999, 25 26

Ti Thing Tuyfin Quang

1972-1981

TT

41 1961-76,1978-81 1978-1981

1971-1975

27 28 29 1969-71,1973-75

1959-1978,

2005-2015 1997-1999,

Yin Bii

Q"Mli Thanh Scm Chiim Hoi

1983-1995, 2005-2015

1998-2000,

1972-2002,2005-2015 1986-2002,2005-2015 1993-1995,

2006-2015 1997-2000, 30

Phi Ninh Vlnh Yin SonTiy cim Thuy Qu^ Chiu

1961-1965 1959-1971 1965-1982

42

43 T i ^ n thiy via Thinh M ;

N6ngScm

ThM k^ tfnh toin 1977-1983,1985- 1987,1991-1999, 2005-2015

An Chi 44 45 46

1958-1983, 1985-1988, 1991-2002,2005-2015 1959-1976,2005-15

32 33 34

1960-1988,

1998-2000 1992-1995, 35 36

Dia NghTa Khinh Yin Thupng Son Di^m Hoi Duy^t

1989, 1996-1999, 2005-2015

47 48

Son Giang 06ng Tim TimLu

1977-1999,2005-06, 2010-2015 1980-1985,1987, 1992-1993,1995- 1999,2005-2015 1982-1986,1993- 1999,2005-2015 1961-1981

An Hoi TiPao

1969-1970 1982-1987,1995- 1999,2005-2015

49

1961-1988, 1992-1999 2005-2015

1973-1988, 1992-1993, 1995-1999.2005-2015 1969-1985, 1987-1988, 1992-1999.2005-2015 1997-1999,2005-15 1997-1999,2005-2015

50

52 53

Cung Son Q6ng Tfing

An Khi PoMoRi DicM6l

1996-1999,2005-2015 1978-1999,2005-2015 1992-1999,2003-2015 1988-2000,2004-2015 2005-2015 1996-2000,2005-2015 54

Mu6ng

Hinh 1960-1975

55 56

Kon T u m

Ciu 14

1990-1995.2004-10, 2012-2015 1977-1987,1990- 2000.2004-2015 Giang Son 11977-2015

70 TAP CHf TAl NGUY6N NUOC S(5 1-2017

yiiia

• KHOA HQC C 6 N G N G H g • T T I ^ ^ M I

_lhiyvia tinh loi

Thdi k}'tfnh toia TT

B ^ D i c

"59-1985, 1992-1995, J997-2000,2005-2015

1966-1987, 1992-1995 2997-2000.2005-2015

1973-1987,

1997-2000 1992-1995, J1997-2000.2005-2015

37 38 39

TtfBlbiy Xuin Thupni;

ThM k^ tfah toin

Xuin Cao Cia Rio

40 iKica

1976-1980

TT

1971-1980 I961-I975 1962-1964

57 58 59

Trin thiyyfa Krtng Buk

ThM k^ tfnh toin 1978-2000,2004-2015 Bin Ddn

Xuyin 6 0 | T i U i

1977-2000,2005-2015 1979-2015 1999-2000

2.2. Cong thuc Idnh nghifm cua Dendy v i Bolton vfi v|n dung trong dilu kifn Vift Nam Dendy vd Bolton (1976) dya fren gid fliiit Iupng bftn cat ndm Id mft hdm cfta cta dfic hung luu w c va cta dilu kifn flifty vta da dua ra 2 cfing fliftc kinh nghifm ti'nh mfi dun bun cat cho 2 frudng hpp cfta cta LVS nhu sau:

Dli vdi nhftng LVS cd ldp ddng chdy nfim hon 2 mch (khotag 50 mm):

1.43-0.26io

ii)]

^(I)

Dli vdi nhihig LVS cd Idp ddng chdy ndm Ifin hon ho|c bdng 2 inch:

- ^ = 1.19?'

h&

LVS d Vift Nam sfi gfiy ra sai s l Idn. Vi v|y, cdc cdng fliftc ndy cin phai dupc hifu chinh cho phft hpp vdi tftng LVS d Vift Nam nhu cfing flnic (3) v l (4) sau day:

Dli vdi nhftng LVS cd Idp ddng chdy nfim nho hon 2 toch (khotag 50 mm):

h"iiTh°'Hil

s

-r-=flxl I.43-0.26£o.

i)]

(3) Dli vdi nhftng LVS cd Idp ddng chfiy nfim Idn hon hofic bfing 2 toch:

\A

⁽⁴⁾

trong dd:

- S: Md dun bftn cdt cfta luu vye cin tinh (tin/mi'/nfim);

- SR: Mfi dun bftn cdt cfta lim vye tiiam khta c6 difn tfch 1 mi^

(SR=1645tin/mi%fim);

- Q: Lfip ddng chfiy nfim cua luu vye cin tinh (inch);

- QR: Lfip ddng chfiy nfim ciia luu vye tham khfio (QR = 2 mch);

- A: Difn tich ciia luu vye cin tinh (mi^);

- AR: Difn tich cua luu vye tiiam khta (AR = 1 mi^).

D|c frung bftn cfit ttfin cta LVS khta nhau d Vift Nam cftng khta nhau vfi khfic tit nhilu so vfiri cfic LVS d My, do dd, nlu fip dyng tryc tilp cfic cfing tfiuc cua Dendy vfi Bolton cho cta

(2) hong dd:

- S: Mfi dun bftn cfit ciJa luu vvc cin tfnh (tIn/miVnfim);

- SR: Md dun bftn cfit cfta luu vye tiiam khfio cd difn tich 1 mi^ (SR = 1645 tin / miVnfim);

- Q: Ldp ddng chfiy nfim cfta luu vye cin tfnh (inch);

- QR: Ldp ddng chfiy nfim ciia luu vye tiiam kh^(QR = 2toch);

- A: Difn ti'ch cfta luu vvc cin tinh (mi^);

- AR: Difn tich cfta luu vvc ttiam khta (AR = 1 mi );

a: Hf s l hifu chtoh.

Cta cdng tfiftc kinh nghifm (I) vfi (2) cfta Dendy vfi Bolton sfi dupc fip dyng ttoh tota cho cdc LVS cd s l lifu quan frfic bftn cdt dk dfinh gifi khfi ntag ^ dvng cho cta LVS khfing cd s l Hu quan hfic d Vif, Nam. Tft cta kit qud tfnh tota nfiy. sft dyng s l lifu bftn cdt fliyc do dk xta

TAP CHfTAlNGUYCN NUOc S(3 1-2017~ ₇₁

» KHOA HQC

C 6 N G

NGHE •

(finh hf sl hifu chtoh a frong cta cdng thftc (3) vd (4) cho tftng LVS.

3. KtT QUA VA T H A O L U A N

Ket qufi dp dyng cdng fliftc kinh nghifm (1) vd (2) cfta Dendy vd Bolton va cdng fliftc hifu

chtoh (3), (4) tinh lupng bftn cfit cho cta luu vye cfta 60 frgm flifty vta d 3 khu vye: miln Bfic, mien Trung vfi Tfiy Nguyfin cfta Vift Nam cd sl lifu quan trie dupe dua frong btag 2.

Bfing 2. Ket qua tinh tofin luyng bun cfit bfing cong thftc cfta Dendy vfi Bolton Bin cit ting

TAP CHf TAl NGUYEN NU(3C S(5 1-2017

• KHOA HQC C 6 N G NGHE •

.*

• I

•BJ

I ^ I TJv^g

•Mn biacit chiy tfnh toin

iI?la!!LJ?4i (10'tin) (%)

Chii

"'^'>:*Lugngbimcdtdiddydugcldybdng30%lugngbuncdtlalung

Nhfin xdt:

Qua kit qui tfnh tota frong btag 2 cd flil thiy, d|c dilm bftn cfit fr^n cfic LVS d Vift Nam cd sy khfic bift rit Ifim, sai s l nhd nhit gifta Iupng bftn cfit tinh tota vd lupng biin cfit ting cfng fliyc do Ifi 2,5% vfi sai s l Idn nhit Id 851,8%. Khi dp dyng frvc tilp cdc cdng fliftc cfta Dendy vd Bolton tiii mft s l LVS cho kit qud tiiien nhd vd cfic LVS khfic cho kit qufi fliifn Idn; flifim chl, nhilu LVS frong cftng khu vye cflng cho kit qui khfic nhau, fliifn ldn ho|c fliifin nhd. Kit qud phta dnh rd rft sy khde nhau vl d|c dilm flil nhuOng vd flidm phli cilng nhu dfic dilm khf h|u vln Id nhftng

nhta ,1 tfic dfng chfnh din d|c dilm bftn cfit cua cfic LVS nghifn cftu.

Nh« v|y, dk cd flil dp dyng cfing thftc kinh ngtofm cua Dendy vd Bolton d Vif, Nam thi can phai b l smig hf s l hifu chinh vta cta cong fliftc ndy cho phft hpp vdi tftng LVS Kit qui xta dinh hf s l hifu chlnh a vd kit qufi tinh tota bftn cdt theo cta cfing fliftc kinh nghifm cua Dendy vfi Bolton sau khi dfi hifu chmh (3) vfi (4) dupc frinh bfiy trong btag 3.

Da ^ cac luu w c ndy diu cd Idp ddng chdy Wn hon 2 mch. chi cd duy nhit luu vye sfing

IXltol'^^^-^^'^^'^^^-B^^^

• KHOA HQC C 6 N G N G H E •

Bang 3. Kit qufi tfah tofin luyng bftn cfit bfing cong thue cua Dendy vi Bolton dfi hifu chtoh

TAP CHf TAl NGUYEN NU(JC S(5 1 -2017

• KHOA HQC C 6 N G NGHE •

Llavng I Bin cit lo ling

Mncit I thjfcJo Bin cit long c?ng thyc do'

Ket qud frong btag 3 cho fliiy, cta cfing fliftc kinh nghifm cua Dendy vd Bolton da dupc hifu chinh (3) vd (4) cd flil dp dyng cho cta LVS khong cd so lifu quan frdc bftn cat d Vift Nam Kjjj ^P dyng, sft dyng cta hf s l hifu chinh a cho

^ L V S nfim frong ho|c Ita c|n vdi cta luu vvc cfta cta frgm tiifty vta dd dupc sft dyng dl hifu chinh nhu frong btag 3.

4. K E T L U . ^

Kit qui nghifn cftu cho tfiiy vifc fip dyng tryc tilp cta^ cfing tiiftc kinh nghifm cua Dendy vd Bolton dl tinh tota bftn cdt tgi cta LVS din tdi sai s l khd ldn. Do dd, nghifn cftu dd xta djnh hf s l hifu chinh phft hpp cho cta LVS cd sl lifu quan fric bun cdt dk cd tfil dp dyng cta cfing fliftc nfiy tfnh Iupng bftn cfit cho cfic LVS khfing cd s l lifu quan fric d Vift Nam nim bfn trong hole Ita c|n cfic LVS cd so lifu quan hfic bftn cdt ndy.

Tuy nhien, so lifu bftn cdt mfi nghifn cftu da fliu flilp dupc tgi 60 ti-gm flifty vta vln chua diy dii vfi flifiri dota tfnh tota vln cdn ttiilu. Do dd, d l cd All xfic djnh chfnh xfic vfi cy thi hon hf s l hifu chinh cho cdc luu vvc sfing cin phdi fliu fligp flifim s l lifu bftn cfit cfta cdc frgm cdn Igi vd s l lifu bun cdt frong tit cd flidi dogn quan fric cfta cdc trgm. Kit qud cfta nghifn cftu ndy Id co sd quan frpng cho cdc nghifn cftu tilp flieo frong vifc fip dyng cdc cfing tiiftc cfta Dendy vd Bolton tfnh

tota lupng bun cdt cho cta LVS tfiilu s l lifu quan ti-ficd Vift Nam.

LOICAMON

Nhdm tde gid xin chdn ,hdnh edm an di ,ai nghien cuu khoa hge vg phdt ti-iin edng nghf cap Bg "Nghien cuu ca sd khog hgc ,inh ,odn bo, Idrig hf thdng hi chua bfc Ihang Ap dyng thidiim cho sfng Dd" dd hi trg di thye hifn nghien euu ndy.

T A I LIEU THAM K H A O

1. Dendy P.E. and Bolton G.C. (1976) Sediment Yield-Runoff-Drainage Area Relationships in United Slates. J. Soil and Water Conservation, vol.31(6).

2. Nguyin Kifn Dung (2002), Nghiin cuu tinh loan bfi ldng vd nude dinh ung vdi cdc

S r ^ m M ? "^^ ^' "^" ''" ^ -A'^«

•^w La, Hd Nfi.

J'n^.^ "^"^ ^^ ^^ ^ °«W^ ^ cip

Bp (2016), ^Nghiin cdu eg sd khoa hgc rinh

^ boi ldng hf thing hi chda bfc Ihang Ap

<mg Ihl diim cho sfng Dd".

Ngudi phdn bifn: PGS. TS. Trin Xufin Thfii Phdn bifn xong: 12/2016