NGHI6N CCrU - TRRO D6\
\i\msi\ iBM mm inm
ThS NGO VIET DAN
3$ mdn M^y xJy dung - X^p da Tnidnq Va\ hpc 0\ao thdnq V$n ti\
K§'t q u i nghign cuTu da xdy d^ng dUgfc h0 cac chl tigu kinh t6' - ky thudt ap dyng cho phiTcfng phap lUa chpn d^ng m a y ldp d^t diTorng sdt bdng md hmh toan A H P , qua do chon dirgfc dang may phu hgrp vdi di6u k i f n Vi$t N a m .
i:}KcSi^:/\pc^ii
rODCllOOcSlNCl QMLQOAD1N6TAL MACHINE rOPM
IN VIETNAM
Research results have been building the system of technical and economic criterias of the track laying machine apply the method of selection by AHP model, which
are chosen the most appropriate machine use In Vietnam.
I. Nhu cau c^p thiet doi vdi cdng tac CO gioi hoi khi xiy dung duong sat 6 Viet Nam
De chpn dUdc dgng m i y l i p d i t dudng s i t phu hdp, c i n x i c dinh nhu eau SLf dyng de d i p ufng y i u c i u phit triln dadng s i t d i n n i m 2020 v i djnh hudng di'n 2030; dinh g i i cdng nghe v i m i y l i p d i t dudng s i t hien ed tren the gidi v i trong nufdc tren ed sd xem xet eie dieu kiin d i e thu eua Viet Nam.
1. Ddnh gid ting quan cdng ngh$
vd mdy liip d$t dudng sdt
Thi cdng l i p d i t diidng s i t cd mit bing thi cdng theo tuyin n i n c i e m i y thi cdng dUde t l chufc theo d i y chuyin, gdm hai logi: d i y chuyin d i t dudng s i t khdng khe nd'i (vdi c i c m i y SVM1000S, DPG500);
d i y chuyin d i t dudng s i t cd khe nd'i (vdi eie lo^i m i y DPG-25A, UK- 25, DESEC TL50, PTH 350, KGTA/, MDR-01).
2. Cdc yiu ti dnh hudng din chgn dgng mdy lip d$t dUdng sit d Vi$t Nam
Diiu kiin td nhiin: dia hinh x i y di^ng dudng s i t phii vUdt qua nhilu sdng sudi, deo dd'c, h i m nui, vdng cua b i n kinh nhd (R < 300 m), nhilu
dogn ddc tdi 12%o.
Die diim khi hdu: nhiet ddi I m , gid mua, mUa nhilu.
Yi'u tikinh ti xa hdi: ngudn vdn d i u tu x i y dung hg t i n g giao thdng q u i it.
Yiu ti con ngddi: trinh dd tay nghe hgin c h l khi t i l p c i n vdi cic m i y mdc hi0n dgi.
Ning lgc thi cdng dddng sdt cua cic nhd thiu trong nddc: phin t i n , vdn nhd l i , n i n g li,fc thi^t bj thap, trinh dd q u i n ly \gc h i u .
n. Xiy dvng he cac chi tieu ldnh te - ky thuit cua miy lap dat dvbugsit
H i c i c ch? t i i u danh gia phii d i m b i o tfnh nhi't quan trong phin tfch d i n h g i i tn sd cua tUng ch? tiiu, ddng thdi t h i hiin dUdc d i y dij die trung cua tUng dgng may theo cdng n g h i tUdng Ung. Cac ch? tieu cua m i y dUdc phin thanh hai logi:
Logi 1: cdc chl tieu djnh lugng Nang su^t thi cdng (N J : chilu d i i ray v i t i v^t duqc lap dat tren tuyin trong 1 ca lam viec cua may (7 gid).
MUc cd gidi hda (K ).
92 K H O A H O C ^°*^^"9 4.2012
NGHI6N cau - TRRO DOI
^An toin, mdi trudng: mUc do g i y tiing dn, khi thii giy d nhiim mdi trudng.
Mat bang thi cdng: tuy thudc kich thudc cija may, yiu cau mit bing thi cdng.
- Hieu qui kinh te - t i i chfnh: vd'n dau tu miy (IJ, giaca miy (CgJ.
Logi 2: cdc chl tiiu djnh tinh
- MUc do hiin dgi: dd phUe tgp sCf dgng; phu hdp vdi sUe khde eija thd van hinh.
Tfnh d i bio dudng sCfa chOa: chi phi, mUc do kho cua cdng t i c si!fa chufa.
Hiiu q u i kinh te xa hdi: gia ting viec l i m , tang sin pham cd khf trong nude, tgo ddng lue phit trien bin vOng.
Cic ch? tieu chinh cua m i y lip dat dudng sat gom hai mUc, mUe do quan trpng cua cac ch? tiiu 6 loai 1 dUde x i c djnh bing cich tong hdp mUe dp quan trong eua c i c eh? tieu d logi 2, dUdc x i y dung thanh sd dd ci'u true nhu sau:
PHUONG AN MAY
Cong nang
Nang suat Mat bang tlii cong
Miic ca gidi lioa
•I-An toan, moi tnrong
I Hieu qua
/^'
Hieu qua Icinli te - tai cliinli
Hieu qua Icinli t e - x a hoi
Kha dung
-*- De sua chira
Miic do hien dai
J - M i i c do dau tu
TU sd lieu thuc te v i theo danh g i i eua cae chuyen gia [3], ta ed bing mUe dp eija eie ch? tieu nhu sau:
n
1 2 3 4
5 6 7
8
9
Cac chl tieu
Liji(chkinht^-xah6i NSng su^t (m/ca) Uilc dp hien d^i ThuSnlpibJodilSng -siiachQa Mi]c cd gidi hoa Mat bing thi cong MiJcvondauta (tydong) Mieu qua kinh te Chls6lRR(%) An loan, tac dong moi tri/dng
Cac p i/dng an danh gia May
KGT/V Trung binh
180 Trung binh Trung binh
Thip Nh6 1,5
Trung binh Trung binh
Gin tryc UK-25 Thip
500 Trung binh
Thap Trung binh
Rong 5
Thap Thap
May MDR01
Cao 250 Trung binh
Cao Trung binh
Nho•hep 1,8
Cao Trung binh
Can true DPG-25A Thap
600 Trung binh
Thap Cao Rong 8
Rat thap Cao
C^ng true PTH.iin
Thap 800 Cao Trung binh Trung
binh Nho -h?p 14,7
Kem Cao
III. Phuong phap phan tich chi tieu theo AHP
1. Xdy di/ng phddng phdp phdn tich chl tiiu chinh cua mdy dgt dudng sat theo md hinh AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process)
Goi A. (i=1,2...n) l i phUdng i n ed tfnh k h i thi. Dat q (j=1,2...m) l i cie ch? tieu dinh g i i cija phUdng i n . Xic djnh ty sd a., cho mdi so sinh cap v l tam quan trpng giOa cic eh? tieu q^ v i c i c ty sd r.^^ cho mdi so sinh cap ve do Idn tUdng dd'i eija tUng ch?
tieu qj Ung vdi cic phUdng i n miy dat ray A^, A2..., A^. Thang dilm i p dung eho viee so sinh cap nhU sau [5]:
Gia tri a,
1
2,4,6,8
Neu hai chl tieu dildc cho la quan trong nhu nhay Neu q, dildc cho la l(ha quan trong hdn q, Neu q, dildc cho la rat quan trong hdm Neu q, dUdc cho la ciJc ky quan trpng hdn q, Neu q, difdc cho la tuyet doi quan trong hdn q.
Cac gia trj nay y nghia trung gian giiia hai gia tri tren
o u .on.o HoaiiiOng So thang 4.2012 K H O A H O C 9
/v'
NGHIENCirU TRRO DOI
Thi^c hien so sinh c i p giQa c i c eh? tieu q, i=1,2..., m) ta cd ma trin A (mxm):
A = C l i ^ 2
P n ,
q .
^ 1 1
^ 2 1
^ m ,
q ^
a , 2 a
^,,,,
CJm
a i m a 2 m
m m
Gpi t i m quan trong cua eh? tiiu q, va q^ la w, v i w, ta ed a.| = w/w^.
Tien hinh so sanh c i p v l dd ldn tuong ddi eua tUng eh? tiiu qi Ung vdi c i c phUdng i n A. (i= 1,2..., n) ed r, = r/r,. Ta cd ma trin dd Idn cua c i c eh?
tiiu:
R =
A , A . A n
q .
^11
•"ai
•"m
q^
^12
r^^ ...
""na ••
• • • q m
r,m r^^
nm
Xic dinh dUde g i i tri hUu fch tdng hdp cua phUdng i n A, l i U, (i=1,2,...,n).
PhUdng i n m i y dat ray hdp ly nhi't dUdc chpn l i phUdng i n cd g i i trj hUu fch tdng hdp ldn nhi't U, = Umax {U,,U3 UJ.
2. Quy trinh tiin hdnh phdn tich theo phUdng phdp AHP
Q u i trinh phin tfch lua chpn dgng m i y theo phUdng phip AHP dUde thi/e hiin tuin Xd theo nhOng budc trong sd dd sau:
-Thiet lap cau tnic chi tieu theo cap b?c
2-Xac djnh mire quan trpng ciia cac chi tieu
3-So sanh cSp timg chi tieu ciia c4c phuang in
X
Kiem tra s\f nhat Quan 4-Xac dinh chi so hiiu ich cua moi phucmg an
5-Chpn phuang an c6 gia tri hihi ich tot nhit Phan tich dp nhay
Vi^c phin tfch dd nhay dUdc thi/c hien khi cd nhilu phUdng i n cd g i i trj Uu tiin x i p x? nhau.
3. Lfng dgng phin mim di giai md hmh todn chgn dgng mdy lip ddt dudng sit
SCf dgng phin m i m Expert-Choice d l tfnh toin c i c g i i tri dd ldn c i e ch? t i i u . Tfnh ch? sd t i m quan trpng cho ch? t i i u mUc 1: vf dy khi d i n h g i i t i m quan trpng giOa hai ch? t i i u : k h i dgng v i hi^u q u i .
Kha dung
9 8 ? 6 5 4 3 2 I 2 3 4 5 • 7 8 9
I Hieu qua
i I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Compare the relativi: importance w i * respect to: Goal: Phuong an M»y dat ray
Kill to) Cong nang iiieu qua Kha dung
Cong nang iiieu qua
K i t q u i tfnh mUc dd quan trpng cua ch? t i i u mUc 1 nhu sau:
Kha dung Cong rung Hieu qua
^ ,136 ,625
Thyc hi^n tUdng ty d l tfnh cho c i c ch? tieu khac trong sd dd c i u true ch? t i i u . X i c djnh dd Idn tUng ch? t i i u cua c i c phUdng i n m i y b i n g phudng phip so sinh tUng ch? t i i u cho mdi c i p phUdng an may.
Vf dy, khi so s i n h c$p ch? t i i u d i b i o dUdng sCfa chOra giOa PA1 v i PA2 nhu sau:
PA I (KC. 1 / V )
S 8 7 6 5 4 3 I 2 J 4 5 6 7 8 9
- J P A S ( M D R - 0 1 )
C o m p a r e the r e l e t l v e p r e f e r e n c e writfi r e s p e c t to: K h a d u n g \ D e B D - S C
P A 2 ( U K - Z S ) P A 3 P « I D R - 0 1 | P A 4 (DPG 2 5 A | PAS (PTH-3S0I
2 . 0 2.0 4.0 5,0 3.0
E.O Z.0
HoatilOng^.. ^. ,^^,^
K H O A H O C s°*^^"9 4.2012
NGHI6N CQU - TRnO DOI
^Bang phUdng phip so sinh nhu v i y ddi vdi c i c ch? tieu khic, x i c djnh dUdc tri sd ciJa 9 ch? tieu danh gii cie phUdng i n miy qua bing dudi diy:
Ideal mode
JUIiniillve
BPA1IK6TM
mniK^
iWJIMDMI) glW|PPG2SAj EP«(PIIi350)
Paiwis j Paiiwis Paiwis Paiiws e i e e e
Paiiwis Paiiwis Paitwis Pairwis e Paitwise
A
Kha Khi Kha Cong Cong Cong Cong Hiou Hlou dung dung dung nang nang nang nang qua qua Kha Muc Dl AT JIT Mat Muc do Nang HO HO Tai
^ , nang him 6D4C (L: bang CGH luat KTO(H chlnh
" " " dautu dil (I; M) ihl | l ; | l ; fl.; fl.;,250) (L; (L; J09| cong ,149) 271) ,750)
m m (I:
m]
yu
,312 J92B ,410
^
P5
,158 IjDOO
207 ,082
,116 338 243
^ IjOOO
,7X ,426 I P
zie
,i«
^ 390 ifl90 390
um
ijni
,165 ,6S0 ,134 344
,146
m
379
ion
^ iBI
^17 ,194 SO ijni
220 30 IjOOO
;505 383
;593 318 1010
266 ,151 V
Can cU bing tri sd v i e td Uu tien eho tUng phUdng an miy d l chpn dUde d^ng miy hdp ly. Dd thj mUc do Uu tiin cua c i c ch? tieu cho c i c phUdng i n miy dUdcbilu thj nhu sau:
HB 0|ttitt Whdopf
«lfc|jg|^lE£|ji|xl
oba
.11
Uuding
- . 4 0
- . 3 8
-ja
•aiiiiuiiaiiii]B
Congnong Hieu q
j g ^ y ^ • . l . i : 6o«l: Pliiiong"Mi Itat itt i t ~
OVERAa
.10
.00
'IdMlMode
Kit qui tfnh toin bieu diin tren do thj cho thi'y phUdng i n hdp ly nhit l i PA3, Ung vdi miy MDR- 01.
IV. Ket luan
Kit q u i nghien cUu da x i c djnh dU(?c h i c i c ch?
tieu kinh te ky thuat ap dung cho md hinh toan AHP trong viic lUa chpn dang may lap dat dUdng sat theo cdng nghi phu hdp. TU dd, da xac djnh
dUdc phUdng i n miy MDR-01 l i d^ng miy hdp ly nhi't eho thi cdng kiln true tang tren dudng sat Viet Nam trong giai dogn di'n nam 2020 •
Tai lieu tham khao
[1]. TS Nguyen Bfnh. Kinh td miy xiy dt/ng vi xdp dd.
Nha xua't b i n XSy dang, Ha Noi, 2004.
[2]. PGS.TS Nguyin Bfnh vi c^c cong sa. B^o cao khoa hpc d l tai "Nghidn cdu ii/a chqn cdng nghe thi cdng cd gidi l<idn true ting tren l<hi xiy di/ng mdi tuydn dUdng sat Viet Nam", ma s6' DT094023 D l tai cap Bp Giao thong Van t^i.
[3]. PGS.TS Nguyin Binh va cac cpng sii. Bao cao khoa hpc d l tai "Nghien cdu thidt i<d chd thd miy dat cau ray MDR-01 de thi cdng ting trdn dUdng sat Vidt Nam", ma so B2008-04-84TO D l tai trpng diem cap Bp Giao due va Dao tao.
[4]. Quyet djnh 1436/QD-TTg ngay 10.9.2009 cOa Thu tudng Chfnh phiJ v l viec phe duyet Dieu chinh Quy ho^ch
tdng thd phit trien nginh giao thdng vin tii dUdng sat Viet Nam ddn nim 2020 vi tim nhin ddn nim 2030.
[5]. Thomas L.Saaty. Decision making with the AHP:
Why is the principal eigenvector necessary. European Journal of Operation Research 145 (2003).
HovtitOng
So thang 4.2012 K H O A H O C
