I TIM HIEU VIEC HINH THANH KI NANG DQC

n ™ — TRUdNC D A I HQC SU PHAM TP H 6 C H I M I N H HO CHI M I N H CITV UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION

LhS TAP CHi KHOA HQC lOURNAL OF SCIENCE

iSSN KHOA Hgc GIAO DUC EDUCATION SCIENCE 1359-3100 T^o 14. S6 1 (2017) 5-15 Vol 14, fjo 1 (2017), 5-15

Email lajxMhoahoc&hcmus edu vn Wsbsits has Mskh hcmus sdu m

I TIM HIEU VIEC HINH THANH K I NANG DQC - VIET THONG QUA DAY HQC T\f NHIEN - XA HQI

CHO HQC SINH TIEU HQC

DdThiNga

Ng^y Tda so^n nh^n airqc bAi 13-7-2016, ngiy ph^n bi^n ainh gi6 25-10-2016. ng^y chip nh$n dSng 06-01-2017

TOM TAT

Bai viet tgp trung lim hieu vi^c hinh thdnh ki ndng dgc-viet trong dgy hgc Tyr nhien - Xa hgi (TNXH) cho hgc smh tieu hgc (HSTH) thong qua khao sat nhdn ihuc cUng nhu cdch thirc thirc hi^n cong vi^c ndy cua giao vien (GV), dong thai phdn tich mgt so cong cy ho tri? viqc hinh thdnh kT ndng dgc-viet de tim ra diem mgnh cung nhu diem yeu cua nhung cong cu nay. Tren ca 5(7 do. bdi viet de xudt mpt so dgng bdi lap khde nhau de gop phdn hinh thdnh nhihig kT ndng ndy mgt cdch toi nhdt cho HSTH.

Tir khda: kT nSng dgc-viet, giao dvic tieu hgc, mon T\r nhien - X§ hpi.

ABSTRACT

Examining the formation of reading - writing skills for primary sciiool pupils through teaching Natural - Social Science

The article explores the development of reading and writing skills for primary school children through leaching and learning Natural and Social Sciences by examining primary school teachers' perceptions and teaching methodology regarding this issue. The writer also analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of some exercises aiding ihe formation of said skills (language skills) and recommends proposes various types of exercises to optimize ihe process

Keywords: reading and writing skills, primary education, Natural and Social Science,

1. Dat van de hanh vdi the gidi thuc, lam cac bai lap Hen Ngdn ngu ddng mgt vai trd vd cung quan den dge va viet, tre dan dan dugc quan trgng trong viec tiep thu kien thiic hinh thanh cac kT ning ngon ngir, ddng thdi khoa hgc cho hgc sinh (HS) d mgi cap hgc, tu duy ciia tre cung phat trien. [13, tr.37- dSc biet la HSTH (hgc sinh tieu hgc). 38]. Nhu vay, qua trinh phai trien cac ki Trong trudng phd thdng noi chung, trudng ning ngon ngir chinh la qua trinh hoan tieu hgc ndi rieng, vdi each tiep can nhan thign cac kT nang tu duy cho HS.

manh eac hoat dgng day hgc trong tim hieu Day hgc tich hcrp dang la mgt xu the khoa hgc va kT thuat, ngon ngiJ khong phai toan cau, trong dd dinh hudng day hgc tich la ddi tugmg nghien cim dau tien. Tuy hgrp xuyen mdn dang dugrc nhan manh.

nhien, thong qua cac hoat dgng ma GV Kha nSng sir dung ngdn ngu la mgt nSng (giao vien) to chiic nhu quan sat va thuc lire xuyen mon, la mgt nSng luc hgc tap ' Khoa Gi^o dye Tieu hgc - Tru'6'ng Dgi hoc Sy phgm TPHCM, Email- dong3gdth@gmail com

129

m u u n u u*l nv^ o« r n » » kr nu MnJ " i n n

KHOAHOC

Tap 14, S61 (2017): 129-138 chimg, ddng thdi la cQng la nang I\rc sdng

va lam vigc suot ddi cua con ngudi. Ddi vdi viec hgc tap de ltnh hgi kien thiie khoa hgc, thdng qua viec tim hieu noi dung cac van ban hay thue hanh trai nghiem cac hign tugng khoa hgc rdi trinh bay nhung suy nghT, su hi6u biet cua minh bang ngdn ngit ndi, ngdn ngii viSt, HS de dang ti6p can, ghi nhd cac khai niem khoa hge hon. V^

ngugc lai, kT nSng doc - viet eho phep HS hieu sau va phan anh chinh xae cac van de khoahgc[13,tr.97].

Thdng qua khao sat nhan thiic (perception), each thtic thye hign (methodology) eua GV tieu hgc cung nhu phan tich, danh gia mdt sd cdng eu duge xem la ed vai trd quan trgng trong viec hinh thanh kT nang dgc-viet cho HSTH nhu sdch giao khoa (SGK), vd bai t^p va vd ghi chep cua HS, chiing tdi de xuSt m^t v^

d^g bai tap khde nhau cd thi gdp phdn hinh thanh ki nSng dgc-vi6t mgt each tdt nhdt cho HS.

2. Nhan thirc cua giao vien tieu hgc ve cdc yeu to anh hirdng d^n viec hinh thanh kl nang dgc-viet cho hgc sinh tieu hgc trong day hgc mon TN-XH

De hieu ro hem ve van de nay, chiing tdi da thuc hign khao sat bdng phdng vdn h^c tiSp va bing bang hdi vd nhan thiic, thai do ciing nhu cdc yeu td anh hudng din viec hinh thanh kT nang dge vilt cho HSTH ddi vdi 35 GVTH thugc cae frudng:

Tilu hgc Luong Thi Vinh - qudn Thu Diic, Tilu hge Hda Binh - Quan 1, Tilu hgc Trdn Binh Trgng - Quan 5, Tilu hgc Vo Trudng Toan - Qudn 10 (Thanh phd Hd

Chi Minh) va 71 GV tilu hgc tai mdt sd trudng tilu hgc thugc tmh Bin Tre. Co 6 ngi dung chinh da dugc khao sat nhu sau:

Tdm quan trgng ciia vigc ren ki ndng dgc-viet cho HS trong day hge mdn TN- XH;

Ca hgi dgc-viet eua HS trong day hgc mdn TN-XH;

Miic do sii dung vd ghi va Vd bai tap mdn TN-XH ciia HS;

Viec kiem soat va danh gia Vd bai tap mdn TN-XH ciia GV vd Td - khoi trudng chuyen mdn;

Nhung yeu td anh hudng khdng tot den viec hinh thanh ki nSng dgc-viet cho HSTH trong day hgc mdn TN-XH (chucmg trinh nang ve cung cap kien thiic, thieu sv kiem tra danh gia mgt each nghiem tuc va thudng xuyen sir dyng vd bdi t$p vd vd ghi chep...);

- Bign phdp ho trg vigc ren kT n3ng dge viSt eho HS trong day hgc mdn TN-XH (xdy dung chuong trinh hgc theo dinh hudng hinh thanh nang luc cho ngudi hgc, da dang ve hinh thirc va hap dan ve ngi dung cimg nhu trinh bay cac bai tap, cd su kiem tra vd ghi va vd bai tap cua HS...).

Ket qua khao sdt cho thdy 100% so ngudi dugc hdi cho rdng vigc hinh thdnh kT nang dgc-viet cho HS trong d^y hgc mdn TN-XH la het sire quan trgng vd can thilt.

Nhdn dinh ve kT ndng dgc-vilt cua HS hong hgc tap mdn TN-XH, cd 81 % cdc GV cho rdng mirc dg chi d ph^im vi trung bmh din hung binh kha (chia ddu cho tdt cd HS d eac kh6i ldp).

TRirONS m NQC 11/ P N « i ir Ht CHi HINH

HS'iOAHOC

Bd Thj Nga

Tuy nhien, 76% GV cho rSng c6 hai nguy^ nhdn chinh ^nh hudng tdi v ^ de hinh thanh ki n&ig dgc-vilt cua HS trong d^y hgc TN-XH. Thii nh^t, dd li chucmg tiinh hpc n|aig vl cung c ^ kiln thite, ^d v$ly phdn Idn thdi gian ciia tilt hgc diu ddnh cho vi$c tim hilu kien thtic thong qua quan sdt tranh - tra ldi cdu hdi ho$c hgc thu$c p h ^ tdm tdt kien thiic chinh ciia bdi.

Thii hai, dd la van de kiem tra - ddnh gia.

Cdc cau hdi kiem tra giiia ki, cuoi ki deu chi nhdm kilm tra kiln t h ^ hgc thudc Idng ciia HS ma quen di vigc kiem tra, ddnh gia cdc kT nang ktidc, trong dd cd lu ndng dgc- vilt. Tuy nhien, cung qua kit qua khdo sdt, chfhig tdi nh|n th4y mOt nguySn nhdn khdng k6m p h ^ quan trgng dnh hudng din kl ndng dgc-vilt cua HS, do la gan nhu khdng c6 svr kiem tra ddnh gid thuong xuyen ciia cdc nhd quan If chuy^ mdn d6i vdi vd bdi t|ip cimg nhu vd ghi chep cua HS. Va dieu nay cung dong nghia vdi viec GV khdng cd d$ng ca dl bdt bugc HS sut dyng nhiing cdng cu hgc tap ndy. Ngodi ra, vi$c thieu vdng cdc d ^ g bai t^p dgc-vilt mdi I9, sinh dOng vl hinh thiic, phong phii vl nOi dung dl hip din HS, dl tit dd HS cd flie chu dgng va ty gidc thye hign chiing md khdng cdn nhilu din sy kilm tra, ddn die cua GV ciing Id mgt nguyfin nhdn khdng thi khdng tinh din.

3. Cong cy hS trgr hinh th^nh Id ndng d9c-vilt cho HS trong day hgc TN-XH 3.2, Sdch gido khoa

Cd thi chia SGK mdn TN-XH thdnh 2 nhdm dya vao cdu tnic chung va each trinh bdy. Nhdm 1 Id SGK mdn Lich sii va

Dia U (ldp 4.5). Nhdm 2 Id SGK phdn mdn Ty ntii^n vd xd hgi ciia cdc khdi ldp 1,2, 3 va SGK phan mdn Khoa hgc ldp 4,5. SGK phan mdn Lich sut vd Dia li cd kSnh ch6 vugt trOi so vdi kSnh hinh do d|c thii mdn hgc: cung cap kien thiic cho HS thdng qua phJln ngfi li^u dang vdn bdn. Do v?ly, ho^t d$ng dge ctia HS s@ dugc khai thdc nhilu hon Ichi hgc cac phan mdn nay.

D6i vdi SGK phdn mdn Ty nhien vd xd h$i va phdn mdn Khoa hgc, ngodi kSnh chii ddng vai trd chinh Id cung d p kiln thtic, cdn cd mgt hg thdng cdu hdi va cdc l^nh ySu cau HS thye h i ^ cdc hoat dgng hgc t^p de chiem liiih tri thiic nhu quan s^t, tra ldi cdu hdi, liSn h^ thye tl, thye hdnh thi nghigm hoac Idm cdc bai tdp cho sdn...

Nhu v$y, thdng qua Idm vigc vdi SGK, HS c6 ca hdi thye hdnh Id ndng dge va ndi nhieu hem viet.

3.2. V& ghi chip

Va ghi chdp la mOt cdng cy hit siic quan trgng trong dgy hgc khoa hgc. HS dting vd dl ghi chep nhiing trinh ty ciia thye nghigm, ghi chep nhiing gi ma GV da cdng nhdn, nhiing suy nghi ban dau cua trS, nhiing thdng tin thu nh$n tr6n ldp... Chii viet Id mgt each the hign nhiing suy nghi, f kiln ciia HS thay Idi ndi. Cha vilt Iim giii nhiing thdng tin dd thu nhdn dugc. Khi dgy HS chuyen tii ndi sang vilt nghia Id dgy cho cdc em mgt each thirc thi hign trang trgng hon [13, tr.77]. Vd ghi chep chinh la mgt cdng cy quan trgng trong vigc hinh thanh kT nang viet cho HS thdng qua hgc tap khoa hgc.

131

TRirOie B«l HOC I V P H » I It HO CHl i l K H

f^^OAHOC

rft) 14, si 1 (2017)! 129-138 Tuy n h i ^ qua quan sit thvic te cung

nhu kit qua khao sat, chung toi n h ^ thAy c6 m$t thvic ti d&ig budn la hilu bk HSTH khong dupc khuyin khich su dimg vd ghi Hong qu4 trinh hpc tSp m6n TN-XH n6i chung, phan mon Khoa hpc n6i ning. M$t so It OV CO cho HS sur dvmg vd ghi nhung chi dk ghi tvta bai hpc. Nhu v$y, HS d£l mat di ca h$i t6t dl r ^ kl ii3ng vilt cho minh.

Dilu nay anh hudng khong tot din qui trinh phit triin cac ki ning ngon ngC, til do chic chin sS anh huong den phit trien tu duy cua HS.

3.3. Vd: bii Igp

Ciing vdi b0 SGK li b§ Vd bii t$p cho cic mdn hpc vl tvi nhiSn vi x3 b$i.

Trong bii vilt niy, chiing tdi t$p tnmg tim hieu Vd bii t$p Khoa hpc 4 vi vi 5, cvi thi hon li phin bii t$p thu^c chu dl V^t chit vi ning lupng. Theo chung tdi, chi dl niy bOc 1$ rd nhat cich thiic vi h i ^ qui cua vifc hinh thinh kl ning dpc-vilt cho HS qua vifc hpc tip kiln thiic thupc khoa hpc tvi nhien.

Ngay trong mye Hudng dan su dvmg, cic tic gii Vd bii tip Khoa hpc di khing djnh: "Cic bii tip trong vd Bii tip nhim r6n luy^ cho HS cic ki ning hpc tip, thvic hinh, cing co vi khic siu kien thiic" [14, tr.3] vdi cic Wnb thiic chii ylu:

Trie nghifm ding-sai;

Trie nghifm nhilu Ivia chpn;

Trie nghifm ghip ddi;

Trie nghifm diln khuylt;

Vg;

Tii ldi eiu hdi.

Thing ke so bp cho thiy trong ting s6 110 bii tip ciia chit dl V$t chit vi ning lupng thupc Vd bii t$p Khoa hpc 4, cd din 65 bii tip thu$c d ^ g bii trie nghifm vdi eie hmh thii khie nhau, chilm 59%. Vi trong 93 bii t$p cOng thu$c chii dl niy eua Vd bii tip Khoa hpc 5, cd din 48 bii thufc d ^ g bii trie nghifm, chilm 51,6%. Diy li d ^ g bii chii ylu giiip HS nh$n ra kiln thdc di dupc hpc nhim phvic vy cho mvic dich dn tip eic kiln thiic khoa hpc [12, tr.l02]. Mft s6 cic d ^ g bii cdn 1^ nhu quan sit hinh minh hpa vi tri ldi cau hoi chi ylu lay Igi eie hinh inh trong cic bii hpc ciia SGK. Mft s6 bii dua ra hf thing eiu hdi vi HS chi cin c h ^ 1^ phin ghi nhd trong bii hpe dl tri ldi. NhOng d^g bii niy, giing nhu d ^ g bii trie nghifm Vila dupc dl c|lp d tren, thvic chit khdng giiip dupe nhieu eho HS trong vifc rin cic kl ning dpc-vilt.

Tuy nhiin, Vd bii tip Khoa hpc ciing di budc diu dua ra dupe mft d;ng bii t§p ed thi giiip HS rin ki ning dpc-vilt tit, d6 li d ^ g bii tip dpc-vilt thdng qua trii nghifm trong chii dl V§t chit vi ning lupng. Dd li cic bii tip s6 3 (trang 31), bii tip 1 (trang 32), bii t$p 4 (tiang 33) cia Vd bii t|ip Khoa hpe 4, cic bii tfp 1 trang 63, bii 1 trang 65, bii 1 trang 66, bii 1 trang 77 cia Vd bii tfp BChoa hpc 5. Tuy nhiin, con so 7 bii tip li con so khlim tin so vdi ting s6 llObiitip. Hon niia, tit ci cic bii tip niy diu liy 1^ cic tinh hulng di dupc trinh biy trong SGK mi HS (B dupc hpc trude dd. Dieu niy rit khd dl dinh gii khi ning tu duy dpe lip cua eic

T R U O N E tki HOC IU PHiH TP Hd CHl NINH

KHOAHOC

B3 Thf Nga em vi da dugc hgc trudc dd, HS cd the

khdng hiing thu vdi viee 1dm cae bai tap.

Vi vay, viec xay dung cac bdi tap hinh thanh kT nang dgc-viet thdng qua eae hoat dgng trdi nghiem la het siic quan trgng va cdn thiet.

4. Djnh hudng xay dung bdi t^p r^n ki nang dgc-viet cho HS thong qua day hgc khoa hgc

4.1. Mpt so can cu

4.1.1. Dac diem tu duy cua HSTH Theo nha tam li hgc J. Piaget, tu 7 den 10 tudi la giai doan nhiing thao tac eu the, tu duy cua tre dua vdo nhirng dac diem hue quan eiia nhiing ddi tugng va hien tugng eu the cd trong thuc tien (Dan theo [6, tr.55]). (y Ilia tudi nay, khi dugc hge tap thdng qua hanh dgng, cudn hiit minh qua eac hoat dgng dugc xdy dgrng logic va cd chu dich, tre em cd the dat dugc nhiing mye tieu hgc tap khae nhau mdt each de dang. Tthdng qua cac hoat dgng khac nhau nhu tuang tac nhdm, lam cac thi nghiem hodc vg tranh... tre dugc phat trien nhieu kl ndng khae nhau, trong do cd kl ndng ngdn ngu. Ciing tir dac diem tam li nay ciia tre, cdc tdc gia cua phuang phdp day hgc Ban tay nan bgt (La main a la pate) da dua ra cac dinh huong cho hoat dgng day hge lay vigc tim tdi, kham pha thdng qua thue hign cdc thi nghigm khoa hgc cua HS Iam hoat dgng ndng cdt, trong dd vigc su dyng vd thuc nghigm de HS ghi chep ca nhan dugc dac bigt ehii trgng. [4], [6], [13]

4.L2. Doc - viet khoa hoc

Theo nhan dinh ciia PISA (Programme for International Student

Assessment), doc - viet khoa hgc dugc dinh nghia: "Kien thiic khoa hgc ciia mgt ea nhdn la vigc sir dung kiln thiic dd dl nhan dien van de, ITnh hgi kiln thiie mdi, giai thich cac hign tugng khoa hgc, nit ra cac ket luan dua tren cac chiing cii lien quan din khoa hgc...' [12. tr.77]. Cimg theo PISA, ngudi dge viet khoa hge cd kha nang biet va hieu cdc khai nigm va tien trinh khoa hgc cdn thiet cho hgi nhap xd hgi, cd kha nang dat cau hdi nay sinh tir tri td md ve the gidi eiing nhu md ta, giai thich hay phdng doan eae su vat, hien tugng ty nhien; dge hieu cae bai bao khoa hge, the hien y kien ve cae thdng tin khoa hgc, dua tren chiing cii thu thap dugc cd the dua ra cae ket luan... Nhu vay, dge - viet khoa hgc cd tdm quan trgng Idn trong vigc hinh thanh ndng lyc va tu duy khoa hgc cho tre, giup tre khdng nhiing tiep thu tdt kien thiie khoa hge ma cdn sii dung tot cae kT nang khoa hgc trong ddi sdng.

4.1.2. Cdc yeu to cita doc viet khoa hpc Cung theo PISA, dgc-viet khoa hgc bao gdm 5 yeu td chinh: [12, tr. 77]

The hien su hieu biet ve cac khai niem khoa hgc;

Nhan dien cau hdi nghien eiiu khoa hge;

Xac dinh cac chiing cii can thiet ciia cac van de lien quan den khoa hgc;

Trinh bay va danh gia cac ket luan khoa hgc;

Dua ra cae ket luan hgp li va cd gia tri.

Nhu vay, day se la nhung can cii co gia tri trong viec dinh hudng de xay dyng

133

T R V A N S B f l HQC l i r PNAH TP HO CHl HINH

KhSOAHOC

rgp 14, si 1 (2017): 129-m cic bii tip rin kl ning dpc-vilt cho HS

thdng qua tim hieu kiln thiic khoa hpc.

4.1.3, Nhiing ySu cdu ve la ndng dpc-viit cho HS khdi I6p 4, 5

Chuong trinh Giio dye pho thdng cip tilu hpe (Ban hinh kim theo Quylt djnh s l 16/2006/QD-BGDDT ngiy 05 thing 5 nim 2006 eua Bp trudng Bf Olio dye v i Dio tao) xic djnh cic ki ning dpc- vilt ein dat ddi vdi HS ldp 4 vi 5 nhu sau:

• ViH ndng dQC-vietcita HS ldp 4

^ Ktnang doc:

Dpe tham;

Dpe dien cam do^n vin, bii tha, min kich ngin;

Tim hilu f nghia ciia bii vin, bii tho vi mft sl ehi tilt cd gii trj nghf thuit trong bii vin, bii tho;

Dpe thufc mpt s6 bii tha, doan vin;

Dimg tti diln HS hoic eic sich cdng cvi de tra ciiu, ghi chip thdng tin.

'^ KJ ndng viit:

Viet chinh t i doan vin, doan tha theo eie hinh thiic nghe-vilt, nhd vilt;

Siia l5i chinh t i trong bii vilt. Lip s l tay chinh ti;

Lip dan y cho bii vin kl chuyfn, mieuta;

Viit doan vin ki chuyfn v i miiu t i theo din y;

Vilt thu thim hdi, cim on, trao dli cdng vifc; vilt giiy mdi, difn bio.

• VklanangdQC-viitcuaHSIApS

^ KT ndng dpe:

Dpe cic vin ban nghf thuit, hinh chinh, khoa hpc, bio chi;

- Dpe tham, dpe ludt dl nim thdng tin;

Dpe diln cim do?n vin, bii tha, min kich ngin;

Nhfn xit vl nhin vft, hinh inh, cich sd dvmg tit ngii v i tinh cim, thii df eia tie gii;

E)pc thupc mft s l do^n vin, d o ^ tho, bii tha;

Tra tir diln HS, s l tay tii ngtt, ngii phip dl tim v i ghi chip thdng tin;

Hilu eic ki hifu, sl lifu trin so dl, bilu dl...;

Tim hilu ^ nghia eia bii vin, bii tho vi mft s l chi tilt cd gii trj nghf thuit trong bii vin, bii tha;

Dpe thufc mft s6 bii tha, d o ^ vin;

Diing tir diln HS hoic eic sich cdng cvi dl tra ciiu, ghi chip thdng tin.

v' KX ndng viit:

Viet ehinh t i do^n vin, do^n tho theo eie hinh thiie nghe-vilt, nhd vilt;

Siia l3i ehinh t i tivng bii vilt. Lfp sl tay chinh ti;

Vilt dojm vin kl chuyfn, miSu ti (ti ngudi, ti cinh);

Vilt biin bin mft cufc hpp, mft vy vife;

Vilt tdm tit vin bin (df dii via phii). [1]

Nhu viy, vdi nhihig ki ning niy, HS hoin toin ed thi dip iing dupe cic dpg bii tip dpe-vilt dupc xiy dvmg theo eic yiu eiu trin.

4,2. Mft vai dfng bii tfp tiiu biiu 4,2.1. Xdy dvng ndng Itfc ngdn ngfi thdng qua trdi nghidm

HS cd rit nhilu co hfi trii nghifm tiling qua hpc tip mdn TN-XH, die bift li

TNir«N« »»l NCC I V PN#H TP Ud CHl I l K H

Bd Thi Ngtt

hpe tip cic chu de thufc khoa hpc tvi nhiin. HS dupc trii nghifm qua tham quan mdi trudng tvi nhifn, qua cic ho^ dfng thvic hinh, thi nghifm khoa hpe, dilu tm thvic tl, tham gia eic ho^t dfng bio vf mdi trudng. Sau mli ho^t dfng trii nghifm, HS sg dl ding hon trong vifc vilt lai nhihig gi minh v ^ trii qua vdi nhihig cim xiic, nhihig bieu tupng smh dfng tii thvic tl.

4.2.2.Xdy dimg ndng Ittc ngdn ngU thdng qua viit sting Igo

Diy li eie d^ng bii tip yiu eiu tri quan sit tranh, md ti cic bilu hifn eua svi vft, hifn tupng; yiu cau tri viet thu, lim tha, vilt truyfn kit hpp vi tranh, td miu, cit din, vilt chu thich cho so do, tranh inh... Ngoii ra, ed thi sd dving inh hudng cia ngdn ngtt vi ^ tudng ciia ngudi khic dl phit triln f tudng vi ngdn ngtt ciia ci nhin tii: Cung cq) cic bii dpe hilu hip din ve cic chu de khic nhau (khic vdi cic vin bin ciia SGK, nlu ed) dl kich thieh svi td md ham hilu bilt eia tri, dip ling mvic tiiu mdn hpc vi hinh thinh dfng co dpe til bin trong cho tri. Tri si ed co hf i hieu bilt thim vl thi gidi dfng - thvic vft, vl eie svi vft, hifn tupng tvi nhiin, eic d^g vft chit vi ning lupng... Dd ciing ehinh li eie ehii dl ciia mdn hpc.

4.2.3. Thiit ki mdu dgng bai t^ dgc-viet thdng qtut trdi nghi$m

Trong khudn khi bio niy, chiing tdi dua ra mft thilt ke bii tip theo hudng trii nghifm nhu mft vi dy cy the nhim minh chimg cho mong muln gdp phin hinh thinh kl ning dpc-vilt cho HS mft cich tit nhit

Phin mfn Khoa hfc 4, bii 51:

Ning, Ifnh v i nhift df (tilp theo) Mye tiiu bii hpe:

>• HS ed thi lim till nghifm dl chdng minh:

- Vft ndng hon ludn truyln nhift cho vftl^nhhon;

Nudc vi mft s6 chit Idng khie gip ndng till nd ra, gip l^nh thi co lai.

> HS cd till trinh biy hilu bilt bing ldi ndi, bing cic bii tip rin ki ning dpc- vilt...

> HS td md, ham hilu bilt khoa hpc, ed y thiie ip dyng kiln thdc dupc hpc vio ddi sing.

Chung tdi chpn mye tieu "HS cd thi lim thi nghifm dl chiing minh: Nudc gip ndng thi nd ra, gip i^nh thi co l^i" dl xiy dvmg bii tip rin kl ning dpc-vilt eho HS.

d bii tip niy, nhifm vy dpe vi vilt ciia HS si dupc dit ra trong cic yiu cau sau:

a. Nhifm vtf dffc cia HS:

Dpe tinh hudng xuit phit;

Dpe cau hdi dinh hudng dl tim hilu vindl;

Dpe phin hudng dan chpn phuang tifn thi nghifm bing cich dinh diu vao cic lya chpn cho sin;

Dpe yeu eiu cda bii tfp diln tti, dpe dl chpn tvi thich hpp diln vio chl tring, dpe toin vin bii tip sau khi di diln til;

Dpe eiu hdi cua bii tfp ling dyng d phin culi dl suy lufn vi tri ldi (Bai tfp dinh cho HS khi gidi).

b. Nhifm v(i viit cia HS:

135

T»lf(rH0B*INOC>UP>l»ilII

KHOAHOC

Tap 14, S61 (2017): 129-138 Viet nhung nhan dinh ban dau ve vdn

d l ddt ra;

Viet khi Iam bai tap dien tir vao chd trdng;

Viet thu cho ban de giai thich van de;

(Xem phdn Phu luc ve thiet ke cy thi)

5. Ket luan

Dge-viet la hai trong nhieu nhimg kT ndng rat quan trgng trong vigc giiip HS tiep thu cac kiln thiic khoa hgc. Vi vdy, vigc hinh thanh kT ndng dgc-viet la nhiem vu quan trgng va can thiet khdng chi ciia nhiing mdn hgc cd nhigm vy day ngdn ngii md ciia tdt ca cac mdn hgc khae, trong do cd cdc mdn hge ve ty nhien va xa hdi.

Trong chuong trinh Giao due tieu hgc Viet Nam, ngoai mdn Tieng Viet, mdn TN-XH la mgt mdn hgc ddng vai trd quan trgng trong vigc hinh thdnh kT nang dge- viet cho HSTH. Nhirng kien thuc khoa hgc thugc chii de ty nhien bao gid ciing hap dan vd ldi cudn tre ngay tir nhung ndm thang ddu ddi vd phii hgp vdi dde diem tam - sinh li cua chiing. Thdng qua viec tilp thu nhiing kien thuc khoa hgc nay bdng cac

hinh thiic trdi nghiem sdng tao, kT ndng dge-viet ciing se dugc hinh thanh mgt each ty nhien, de dang vd hieu qud.

De viec hinh thanh kT nang dgc-viet cho HSTH thdng qua day hgc mdn TN-XH dugc thye hien mgt each tdt nhat, chucmg trinh mdn hgc phai dugc xay dyng theo hudng tiep can nang luc va theo hudng tich hgp cao. Cd nhu vay GV mdi khdng phai tap trung toan bd siie luc va thdi gian trong vigc nhdi nhet kien thiic cho HS ma quen di viec day cho HS kT ndng sir dung ngdn ngu va nhieu kT nang sdng can thiet khac.

Vd ghi chep cd nhan, d§c bigt la vd bai tap, dugc eoi la nhirng cdng cy ho trg tdt neu chimg dugc sir dyng thudng xuyen vd cd sy kiem tra, danh gid nghiem tiic.

Cac dang bai tap dge vd viet thdng qua trai nghigm, dge viet sang tao dua tren nhiing y tudng eiia ngudi khde ciing ludn la nhiing cdng ey ho trg tdt de hinh thanh ki ndng dgc-viet cho HSTH. Ngoai ra, can quan tam han den kT ndng dgc-viet trong eac bg de kiem tra danh gia ket qua hge tap ciia HS thay vi ehi quan tam thuan tiiy den danh gia kien thiie khoa hgc nhu hien nay.

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

Bg Giao dye va Dao t^o (2006), Chircmg trinh Gido due pho Ihong cdp liiu hgc, Nxb Giao dye.

Bp Giao d\icva Dao tao (2012), i'dc/ig/do^/ioa Tif nhien vd Xa hgi 1. 2. 3; Sdch gido khoa Khoa hgc 4, 5, Nxb Giao dye.

Hoang Hoa Binh, Nguyen Minh Thuyet (2012), Phinmg phdp dgy hgc Tiing Viit nhin tir tiiu hgc, Nxb Giao dye Vi?t Nam.

Ph^m Phucmg Anh (2014), Lugn vdn Thgc si Gido dye hgc.

Georges Charpak (1996), Bdn tay ngn bgt. khoa hgc d tnccmg tieu hgc. Ban djch tir tilng Phap, Ngudi djch Dinh Nggc Lan (1999), Nxb Giao dye

Nguyin Thi Bich Hanh, Tran Thj Thu Mai (2009), Tam li hgc tieu hgc vd tdm li hgc suphgm tieu hgc, Nxb Giao dye Vi^t Nam.

Tiv6iis a«i HOC lir m^a n HO CHI HINH

KHOAHOC

^{Bd ThjNga}

7. D6 Thj Nga (2013), D<^ hqc T^nhiin - Xa hgi a tiiu hgc bang phuong phdp Ban tay ngn b^t, Nxb Gido dye Vi?t Nam.

8. D S Thi Nga (2003), Bdnh gid mdn Phucmg phdp dqy hgc T\e nhien- XS h^i d tieu hgc bdng phucmg phdp tr^ nghidm khdch quan, Lu|in vdn Th^c sT Giao dye hgc, Tnidng Dai hgc Su

ph^m Thdnh ph6 H 6 Chf Minh.

9. Biii Phucmg Nga, Luang Vigt Thdi (2012), Va bdi t$p Khoa hoc 4. 5, Nxb Gido dye Vi$t Nam.

10. Hoang Thj Tuyet (2012), Lllugn dqy hgc Tiing Vi$t&tiiu hgc, Nxb Thdi d^i

11. Hodng Thj Tuy^t (2012), "Dao tgo - dgy hgc theo quan diem tich hgp: chfing to dang 6 dduT", Ki y^u H^i thdo "Dgy hgc tich hgp & Tieu hgc: Hi^n tgi vd tucmg lai", Trudng Dgi hgc Su phgm Thdnh pho Ho Chf Minh.

12. PISA Organisation (2002), PISA Assessment of reading. Mathematical and Scientific Literacy, Measuring Student Knowledge and skills, OECD Publishing, p. 76-96.

13. Wynne Harlen, Ann Tong (2005), Trdc nghidm vd do luong thdnh qud hgc tgp, Nxb Khoa hgc Xd h$i.

14. Quanlter (2014), The Teaching of Science in Primery School, David Fulton Publishers 15. Lisa Adam, Jean Claude Arrouge, Jean Michel Berard, Nadine Belin, David Jasmin (2002),

Teaching Science in School.

PHVLVC 1 PHI£'UHOCTAP

\ M a ) l d n r i M M a i a n n i M e . i i n « m i « S r « W n M t t . m d u n n u O c c o n l M n B d l d A y d m n W I

; MclianiuanBtfltgl«oom»l91d0nnhuv9y Emhav0i3clvW0dl 1 daplhdcnidenaytintl

e n edn i^t fielii<*r M U oOu A f t

K M l A n i n A n a l i o r l t e l l « r l i n u S e . n i v c i w a e < n r « ^ ! e w r M n s B M i M H i o r d A n M m r n A a T •

('v^lti^'ct^ti^^mttMW^tMl^':

^ ^ ^ ^ H ^ ^ M c l i « n ( l | i i i a c v M i « i l t n M

...''''DiMi dfti <i«B nKkig 4 i i a eu a n edn ittng (rf Urn IN ntfiltm

• BH>ttiiiv*'*>*'i]ngiuaicfindpceDajlihDMlA D 6ng thfiy 1Mi trang mdt

G Oiovrt^^lrang

• NUKISyKfvAlnjae

• Nuscoa

• BCA 101^X0*1.06 a n M u n o c t f f i

JI&A

Em Urn IM nghifm nito e^ biUe MSna din laa dar A

^ ^ ^ tuBcl 1

^ BnnfiJdvnuaclifyliJvdlvdotDnnMyllnh. 1 ' E m W y t M i b i n o n d p e a s i u . 9 d n S n B l l d y l l r « > u d a f

2 cm trang aha thily tinh. |

•* EmdDngbOtUngicirriMnrid&jnK'cnUAcbanddu 1

tMntfrottOytMi. f

^ EmaaotttyaotthariKJOcnbi^ 1 ' Bn (luan I t f I R K nuOc trang tfng HiJvlMi. 1 ' Bn POng but e n g d5 M r * i ddu muc nuOc m a li«n /

SngttulvHnti f

•' BndStbMivdolihaynjeclpnh. 1 / Em quan idt muc nJ9c trono tfng m i } / ! ! * |

•* Em aCirv bCit long <16nh ddu nujc nUOc m a M n dng L

IhOylMi 1

137

TRirAis s»i Hpe sir P H ^ I TP NO CHI VINH

f^'^OAHOC

Tfp 14, si 1 (2017): 129-m

I ndig.M<ely*i.d»iaimaflp»ian»h»MfcB. • I a4pltMi.niiaen6aa.eolsl '.

EN 0 9 bHittiOy t H i vdo tdny dMng Cl]

; nuactraivAnglti^tlfihCQ. I N d d t U t i t h d v ; uOo ktny < V i g CQ~~ - . ralOc Irong A i g l t < ^ I

'••»Mi«niMBliiiw^

• » u j 0 c (5) „ M » ) „ . ;

V.

nuac (7)u M IS.

iw^ffHii

I

- K X X

.^1 1^

lino i M e n u u i t w nuac «uO). n t f e ngpt. ddu I. lOo KMLdU^B bAv bdn Bong « u th|.

NhOAg C M nAy e4 (kvc <1J (Uy MtOng ml T ' ^ I g l M o v « r T