Cac yeu to anh hudng den phat trien long nghe ket hpp du Ijch 6 dong bang song CQu Long
MAI VAN NAM
!X2di vie't diidc thitc hien tren cd sd nghien cihi ddnh gid thitc trgng vd cdc ye'u td'dnh
^ ^ hiidng de'n phdt trien Idng nghi ket hdp du Iich d ddng bdng sdng CUu Long (DBSCL).
Nghien ciiu diidc tie'n hdnh d dia bdn hai tinh Bac Lieu vd Hdu Giang, dong bdng song COu Long. Kit qud nghien ciiu cho thdy cd 2 nhdm yeu to anh hiidng de'n phdt trien Idng nghe kei hdp du Iich, dd Id cdc yeu td'dnh hiidng de'n nhdn dinh cua du khdch ve cdc dia diem du Iich vd cdc yeu td'dnh hitdng de'n hogt ddng kinh doanh cua cdc lang nghe. Cdc yeu td'ue du khdch nhit sit ldi cud'n cua cdc dia diem du Iich, sit cam nhdn cua du khdch ve cdc dia diem du Iich; cdc ydu tdve ho lang nghe nhii cd khd ndng tdi chinh cua cdc ndng ho, cd sd hg tdng, dieu kiin sdn xudt vd kha ndng hieu biet cua cdc hg lang nghe Id cdc yeu td chinh anh hiidng den phdt trien lang nghe ket hdp du Iich d dia bdn nghien cihi.
1. K h a i q u a t ve l a n g n g h e d v u n g d o n g b a n g s o n g Cufu L o n g
Den dau n a m 2010, dong bang sdng C^u Long (DBSCL) cd khoang 164 lang nghe gom:
38 lang nghe d a n lat; 16 lang nghe det chieu;
8 lang nghe b a n h cac loai; 7 lang nghd san xua't bdt; 7 lang nghe gach, gdm; 5 lang nghe san p h a m tit diia; 4 lang nghe se ldi lac; 3 lang nghe bd choi; 2 lang nghe san xua't rUpu;
cae s a n pham khac nhU ren, trd'ng, tii tbd, boa kieng, ghe xuong.... ehi cd 1 lang nghe.
Trong dd cd 133 lang nghe da dupe cdng n h a n d 8/13 tinh. t h u hiit khoang 84,5 nghin Iao dpng. Dia phUdng cd nhieu lang nghe nha't la Dong Thap (44 lang nghe), ke de'n la An Giang (20), Ben Tre (18). Vinh Long (17), Sdc T r a n g va Tien Giang (13), Bac Lieu (8), va it nha't la Tra Vinh (3); cac dia phUdng edn Iai chUa cd lang nghe dupe cdng n h a n ' . Trong dd, lang nghe d a n lat chie'm ty trpng eao nha't, do nhQng n a m gan day thi trUdng xua't k h a u Ua ehudng b a n g thii edng t h a n thien vdi mdi trUdng. Nhd vay. h a u nhU dia phUdng nao d DBSCL cung cd lang nghe lam h a n g t h u cdng my nghe tii nguyen lieu luc binh, be ehuo'i, lac,... Su hinh t h a n h va phat trien cac lang nghe truyen thd'ng d DBSCL da gdp phiin
thiic day chuyen dich cd ca'u ndng thdn theo hudng giam n h a n h ty trpng gia tri san xua't ndng nghiep, t a n g gia tri san xua't cdng nghiep va dich vu ndng thdn, gdp ph^n giai quye't viec lam cho nhieu ngUdi Iao dong, thu n h a p cua Iao ddng t h a m gia vao cac lang nghe t a n g ga'p 3-4 lan so vdi khoan t h u n h a p ma hp ehi duy nha't lam ndng nghiep. Qua so s a n h eho tha'y, ty le hd ngheo d cac khu vUc cd lang nghe tha'p hdn khdang 3 l l n so vdi ty le bd ngheo binh q u a n trong ca nUdc. Cac l a n g nghe thii cdng cua ngUdi d a n da va dang k h a n g dinh vi tri ciia m i n h trong thi trUdng du Iich vd'n ngay cang sdi ddng. Vdi dac diem la viing sdng nUdc, cae lang nghe d k h u vUc n a y da gdp p h a n ra't Idn vao vide p h a n anh cudc sdng gan lidn vdi thien nhien cua ngUdi dan. Tuy nhien, hien nay do a n h hudng eua suy giam k i n h te, cac lang n g h e d DBSCL gap nhieu khd k h a n , trong dd t r e n 80%
khdng du vd'n d a u tU doi mdi ky t h u a t , md rdng quy md san xua't, Iao dpng thie'u, edng tac xiic tie'n q u a n g ba tieu t h u s a n phltm cdn ye'u,...Nhieu l a n g nghe DBSCL diing trUdc nguy cd mai mdt dan.
Mai Vdn Nam. PCS. TS.. Trudng dai hoc CSn TTio.
1. Trung tam Xiic titfn thuong mai Ti^n Giang.
62
— Cdc y^u X6 anh hirdng
He t h d n g lang nghe la mdt trong nhiing ngudn tai nguyen du Iich quan t r p n g cua nUdc t a vi nd d a n g d i n chie'm vi t r i q u a n trpng t r o n g ddi sd'ng kinh te', vSn hda, xa hdi eiia qud'e gia. Tiem n a n g du Iich l a n g n g h e Viet Nam ndi c h u n g va ddng b a n g sdng Ciiu Long hien n a y r a t Idn, mdi lang n g h e g a n vdi mdt v u n g van hda, he thd'ng di tieb va truyen thd'ng rieng. Tuy nhien, de l a n g n g h e du Iich p h a t trien tUdng xiing vdi tiem n a n g cdn la ca mdt q u a t r i n h lau dai. P h a t trien nganh nghe" t r u y e n thd'ng la ehie'n lupe k i n h te' q u a n t r p n g eua D a n g va N h a nude ta, bdi vi nd khdng nhQng giii gin ndt v a n hda b a n sac d a n tdc ma cdn gdp p h i n thiie diy p h a t trien du Iich, gdp p h i n on dinh cudc sd'ng ngUdi d a n d vCing ndng thdn.
2. T h t f c t r a n g p h a t t r i e n d u I i c h l a n g n g h e of D B S C L
Cae n g h e thii cdng t r u y e n thd'ng nude t a ndi c h u n g va DBSCL ndi rieng da b i n h t h a n h tii lau ddi, t r a i qua n h i e u giai doan, cd nghe p h a t trien lien tuc h a n g t r a m n a m , cd n g h e mai mdt hoac mS't di nhUng eiing cd nghe mdi r a ddi. S a n p h i m thii edng my nghe va nbid'u san p h i m l a n g n g h e k h a c n h u do d d n g t r o n g n h a , t r a n g t r i n g h e t h u a t , dd diing t r o n g cac nghi Id, dd ehdi, do lUu niem, cac cdng cu c l n thie't cho cudc sd'ng,... la h i n h thiic t h e bien eua n g h e t r u y e n thd'ng.
Cac l a n g n g h e cd p h a t t r i e n d a n g ke trong thdi gian q u a n h u n g c h u a ben viing n h u mong ddi do n h a n tbiic ve viec bao ve, p h a t h u y di s a n vSn hda phi v a t t h e ma trong dd cd cac l a n g n g h e va n g h e t h u cdng t r u y e n thd'ng ehUa diing miic; chUa cd eae bien p h a p can thie't d a m bao cho sii p h a t trien n g h e thii cdng t r u y e n thd'ng cua cac cong ddng, cac n h d m ngudi va cae ea n h a n cd lien q u a n ; ehUa n a n g cao n h a n thUc d cac ca'p, n g a n h ve t a m q u a n trpng ciia n g h e thii cdng t r u y e n thd'ng; chUa tao r a sU hdp tac.
lien ket va bd t r p td't giiia doanh nghiep va ngUdi d a n l a n g n g h e de' giai quye't d a u r a s a n p h a m .
Hien nay. An Giang ed k h o a n g 33 lang nghe tieu t h u cdng nghiep. L a n g nghe d An Giang t h u d n g gan vdi dae d i l m tU nhien ciing n h u cae dae diem sinh boat eua cdng ddng d a n eU va cua chinh ngudi san xuat.
Cae lang nghe phuc vu du Iich t r e n dia b a n t i n h dUdc chia t h a n h hai dang: l a n g nghe thii cdng va nghe thii cdng. L a n g nghe t h u cdng nhU: lang nghe cham non la d huyen Chd Mdi; lang nghe det lua d huyen T a n Chau; lang nghe ren va b a n h phdng d huyen Phii Tan; lang n g h e det tho d m K h m e r Van Giao d huyen Tinh Bien; lang nghe lam lUdi eau d t h a n h phd' Long Xuyen; lang nghe ebe bie'n m a m ca d tbi xa C h a u Dd'c. Nghe thii cdng, tbdi gian h i n h t h a n h ehUa lau, so' bd gia dinh t h a m gia hoat ddng nghe tUdng dd'i it (tren dudi 10 hd), quy md san xua't nhd, san lupng san p h a m it, h a u he't lam theo d a n g k i n h te' phu. Nhin ehung, p h a t trien du Iich l a n g nghe ciia t i n h cdn gSp nhieu khd k h a n do p h a n Idn cac lang nghe" chUa h i n h t h a n h dUdc mdt to chiic boat ddng san xua't, da p h a n cdn d dang quy md gia dinh, t u san xua't, t u tim kiem thi trudng, san p h a m cdn m a n g n a n g phuc vu tieu dung, ddn dieu, chUa cd san p h a m theo n h u cau thi hie'u cua k h a c h t h a m q u a n du Iich, cham thich Cfng vdi thi trUdng va tbi bieu ngUdi tieu dung; khdng cd sU ddng bd t r o n g ky t h u a t san xua't, khdng dap Ung dupe nguon h a n g khi cd n h u eau Idn, khd tie'p xiic ngudn vd'n vay de d a u tU ddi mdi t r a n g thie't bi, n a n g cao cbd't lupng san pham; do n a n g sua't tha'p, t h u n h a p ciia ngUdi Iao ddng t u y on dinh nhUng khdng eao.
Tren dia b a n t i n h Ben T r e cd k h o a n g 30 lang nghe tieu t h u cdng nghiep dUde h i n h t h a n h va p h a t trien. s a n xua't ra't da d a n g cac m a t b a n g t r u y e n thd'ng nhU: b a n h t r a n g My Long, b a n h phong Sdng Doc; kim keo My T h a n h ; det chieu An Hiep,... va d a n g x u a t hien t h e m mdt so' lang nghe mdi nhU: s a n xua't h a n g thii edng my n g h e tii dUa, chi xd diia, t h a n gao diia,... cd quy md b i n h thiic to chiic k h a e n h a u . Su p h a t t r i e n du Iich l a n g
Nghiin ciiu Kinh ti s6422 • Thing 7/2013
63
Cic ye'u t£ anh huAng .
nghe cua t i n h edn r a t b a n ehe' va n h i e u khd k h a n , mac d u mdt so' s a n p h a m lang n g h e r a t noi tieng va m a n g d a m net v a n hda t r u y e n thd'ng ciia dia phUdng, dUde k h a c h du Iich t r o n g va ngoai nude u a ebudng, nhUng chi phuc vu cho n h u cau k h a c h du Iich d tnhiing diem du Iich s i n h t h a i , di tich Iich s^
va dpc theo t u y e n qud'c Id, t i n h Id cua tinh.
Du Iich gan vdi l a n g n g h e Bd'n Tre e h u a p h a t trien do nhiing b a n che nha't dinh cua l a n g n g h e dia phUdng nhU: p h a n Idn l a n g n g h e p h a t trien tii p h a t , ehua cd tbi trUdng tieu t h u d'n dinh, cdn h a n chd' ve du bao eung c l u ; quy md s a n xua't nhd, vd'n, cdng nghd, t h i e t bi san xua't, thdng tin tbi trUdng, t r i n h dp ky t h u a t va q u a n ly cdn non ye'u, tay nghe tha'p, m a u ma san p h i m cham dupe cai tien, doi mdi; san p h a m do cac l a n g n g h e san xua't cdn m a n h miin, qui md nhd, kdm ha'p dan, gia t h a n h cao, siic canh t r a n h b a n chd'.
O H a u Giang, cac l a n g n g h e d a n lat, dac bidt cac s a n p b l m t h u cdng my nghe lam tU luc binh, lang n g h e ddng ghe xuong va ddt chieu da t h u hiit du k h a c h va la cd sd b a n d i u p h a t t r i l n md h i n h du Iich lang ngh4 d dia pbUdng.
Cac lang nghe d Bac Lieu cd t r u y e n thd'ng lau ddi, dupe t r u y e n tii thd' he nay s a n g t h e hp khae. Moi mdt lang ngh^ Iai m a n g mdt ndt dac t h u rieng. Bac Lieu ed nhieu lang n g h e nhU: d a n lat, mdc, ren, det ebie'u, b a n h t r a n g , cham la, mud'i; san p h a m cac lang n g h e ra't phong phii ve e h u n g loai va kieh ed.
Ket qua nghien eiiu cho tha'y cac l a n g n g h e d a n lat, muoi, mdc, cham la va det ebie'u cd the p h a t trien du Iich lang nghd" d Bac Lieu.
Tdm Iai, cac s a n p h a m t h u cdng my n g h e , ciing n h u mdt sd' lang nghe da di trUdc va ra't t h a n h edng nbU: lang n g h e gd'm d Vinh Long, lang nghe thii edng my nghe lam t ^ dOta d Ben Tre, cac s a n p h a m t h u cdng my n g h e lam tii luc binh d H a u Giang,... da m a n g Iai doanh t h u ra't Idn tii viec xua't k h l u ciing n h u : b a n cho k h a c h du Iich, n e n cudc sdng ciia cac hp lang n g h e trd n e n k h a
bdn, vi tbd' lang n g h e se khdng bi m a i mdt m a ngay cang p h a t trien, la diem nha'n di p h a t trien lang nghe va du Iich b e n viing d DBSCL.
3 . C a c y e u to' a n h h i i d n g de'n phat t r i e n l a n g n g h e k e t h d p d u Iich d D B S C L
3.1. Anh hudng ctia cdc diem du Iich den phdt trien du Iich lang nghe De p h a n tich cac ye'u to cd lien quan anh h u d n g eua eae diem du Iich ddn p h a t trien du Iich l a n g ngh^, nghien ciiu siul d\ing phUdng p h a p p h a n tich n h a n td'. Do sd' lUdng bid'n a n h h u d n g de'n p h a t tridn du Iich lang n g h e k h a Idn va p h i n Idn eae bien nay cd lien bd vdi n h a u , do dd trong nghien ciiu so' lupng bie'n dUa vao md h i n h dUdc kiem tra va chon Ipc sao cho ed t h e d a m bao du tinh dai dien va miic y nghia thd'ng ke. Nhiing n h a n to mdi dUdc tao r a tii p h a n tich nhan td' ed a n h h u d n g Idn nha't de'n cac diem du bch trong p h a t t r i e n du Iich l a n g nghe dUdc p h a n tieh qua h a m n h a n to nhU sau:
^, =W^,l-^l + ^ , 2 - ^ 2 + ^ , 3 ^ 3 + - + ^ , i ^ l c Trong dd:
Fi: ude lUdng tri sd'cua n h a n td'thii i Wi: quyen so h a y t r p n g so' n h a n to (weight or factor score coefficient)
k: so' bid'n t r o n g n h d m n h a n to thii i Xi: Cac bie'n dpc l a p .
Khi p h a t t r i e n md h i n h l a n g n g h e gan vdi du Iich t h i t a c l n q u a n t a m cac n h a n to anh h u d n g de'n s u ke't hdp ciia md hinh. Cac y^u td' a n h h u d n g de'n md h i n h t a p h a n tich la cac n h a n to" a n h h u d n g d^n n h a n dinh cua du k h a c h v^ cac dia diem du Iich va cac n h a n to' a n h h u d n g d^n boat dpng ciia cac l a n g n g h e . P h a n tieb cac n h a n to' a n h hudng de'n n h a n d i n h cua du k h a e h ve cae dia di^m du Iich, t a dUa cae n h a n to" n h u : mQc dp hS'p d i n cac dia diem du Iich, cd sd h a t i n g v^t eha't, miic dp an toan khi di du Iich, nhan d i n h cua du k h a c h ve sU ben viing cac d i l m du Iich t r o n g tUdng Iai, quy md eiia cac d i l m du Iich.
64
Nghiin ciiu Kinh t6s6422 - Thing 7/2013Cjc y^u ttf anh hirdng
BANG 1: K e t q u a k i e m d i n h B a r t l e t t v a KMO Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy.
Keft qua ki^m dinh Bartlett
Approx. Chi-Square Df Sig.
0,650 135.006
10 0,000 Ngudn: KA qua phan tich tit stf lidu di^u tra thuc le. giai doan 2010-2012.
Sau khi chay h a m p h a n tich n h a n to' cae y^u to' a n h hudng de'n n h a n dinh eua du khach ve cac dia diem du Iich t b i t a t h u dupe kd't qua kiem dinh KMO a n d Bartlett's Test vdi 0,5 < KMO = 0,65 < 1 nen thUc hien p h a n tich n h a n to la thich hdp va Sig. (P. value) = 0,000 < 5% nghia la bac bd gia t h u y e t Ho (Ho la cac bie'n khdng cd tUdng q u a n vdi n h a u ) va cha'p n b ^ n H, {H, la cac bie'n cd tUdng q u a n vdi n h a u ) .
Ta cd diem cae n h a n to' d u a vao bang p h a n tich n h a n to' nhU sau:
Fai= 0,456* miic dd ha'p d i n + 0,451* cd sd ha t i n g + 0,412* quy md.
F.2= 0,661* miic dp a n t o a n + 0,548*
miie dd ben vQng.
Trong eae n h a n t o ' t r e n , t a t h a y miic dp a n toan la cd he sd'Idn nha't (0,661), nghia la nd cd a n h budng Idn nha't doi vdi n h a n t d ' c h u n g (nhan dinh cua du k h a e h ve eae dia diem du Iich), tie'p den la cac n h a n td' n b u miic dp ben viing {h§ sd'ia 0,548) va miic dp ha'p d i n (he sd 0,456).
+ Nhdn tdve sit ldi cud'n cua cdc dia diem du Iich:
' F^i= 0,456*miic dp ha'p d i n + 0,451*ed sd ha t i n g + 0,412*quy md
Cae dia diem ha'p d i n , canh quan cud'n hiit, quy md rdng Idn se tao an tUdng ra't td't trong Idng du khach. NhUng t r e n he't, theo sii d a n h gia eiia cac du khach tbi miic dp h a p d i n va ed sd ba t a n g tai eae dia diem du lieh la ldi cud'n du khach nhd't vdi be sd' l l n lupt cac n h a n to'la 0,456 va 0,451. Ke't qua p h a n tich cho tha'y, mud'n t h u hiit du khach trudc bet e i n tao sU b a p d i n cho cac dia diem du Iich va phai xay dung, nang cao he thd'ng cd sd ha tang.
+ Nhdn tdve sit cam nhdn cua du khdch F«2= 0,661* miic do an toan + 0,548*
miic dp ben viing
Khi mud'n de'n du lieh d dia diem nao dd tbi du khach se d a n h gia ngoai cac n h a n td' vd miic ha'p d i n , cd sd h a t i n g tbi n h a n to've miic dp an toan ciing ra't dUde du khach q u a n t a m . Vdi he sd'Ia 0,661 thi cho t h a y n h a n to' miic dp an toan tae ddng m a n h de'n n h a n to' chung (nhan to' ve sU cam n h a n cua du khach), ke't qua p h a n tieh cho tha'y di t h u hiit, ldi cud'n du khach tbi ngoai cac yeu t d v e ha'p d i n , cd sd ha t a n g p h a t trien, t h i n h a n to' ve t i n h an toan ciing ra't q u a n trpng, vi t h e can xay diing mdt dpi ngii q u a n ly, d a m bao an ninh cho cac dia diem du lieh.
BANG 2: C a c n h a n t o a n h hifdfng de'n n h a n d i n h c u a d u k h a c h v e c a c d i e m d u I i c h Si> Ihijr ttr
1 2 3
)
5
Yeu ti) anh hirong Miic d6 h&'p din Ca sa ha t ^ g cacdiemdulich Miic d6 an toan
Miic do b^n vSng Quy m6 cdc dia i'lim du Iich
Nhan to 1 C.456 0.451 -0.181 0.026 0.412
2 -0.090 -0.138 0.661 0.548 0.078 Ngudn: Kfi qua frfidn tich tir s6 lifiu di^u tra thirc te'. 2010-2012.
Nghiin cOu Kinh t6s6422 - Thing 7/2013 66
Cdc yd'u X6 anh hudng
3.2. Anh hudng cua hoat dong sdn xudt cdc Idng nghe ddn du Iich lang nghe De p h a n tieh cac ye'u to cd lien q u a n a n h b u d n g cua boat dpng s a n xua't cae l a n g nghe den du lieh l a n g n g h e , n g h i e n ciiu sii d u n g phUdng p h a p p h a n tieh n h a n to'. Do so' lupng bie'n a n h h u d n g de'n p h a t tridn l a n g nghe ke't hdp du lieh k h a Idn va p h a n Idn eae bien n a y ed lien he vdi n h a u , do do t r o n g n g h i e n ciiu so' lupng bie'n dUa vao md b i n h dupc kiem t r a va chpn Ipc sao eho cd t h e d a m bao dii t i n h dai dien va mQc y n g h i a thd'ng k e . Nhiing n h a n to' mdi dupe tao r a tii p h a n tich n h a n to cd a n h h u d n g Idn nha't cua b o a t ddng s a n xua't eae l a n g nghe de'n du lieh l a n g n g h e dupe bieu didn q u a md h i n h sau:
F, = W,,X, +W,^X^-\-W,,X^-h...-\-W.^X^
Trong dd:
Fi: ude lupng tri sdciia n h a n td'thii i Wi: quyen sd hay trpng so' n h a n td' (weight or factor score coefficient)
k: so'bie'n trong nhom n h a n t d t h i i i Xi: Cae bien dpc lap.
Sau khi tid'n h a n h p h a n tieh eae n h a n td a n h budng de'n n h a n dinh ciia du khach v l cac dia diem du Iich, t a tie'n b a n h p h a n tich cac n h a n td' a n h hudng ddn boat dpng eua cac l a n g nghd. De tie'n b a n h p h a n tich cac nhan td' a n h hudng ddn boat ddng eae lang nghd, ta d u a vao cac bie'n nhU: quy md san xuat, ngudn Iao ddng, k h a n a n g tai chinh, trinh dd hpc van, ngudn vd'n vay, ed sd h ^ t i n g (giao thdng, dien, nUde, thuy Idi...), ngudn nguyen lieu va sU ho trd ciia dia phUdng.
BANG 3: K e t q u a k i e m d i n h B a r t l e t t v a K M O Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy.
Ket qua ki^m dinh Bartlett
Approx. Chi-Square Df Sig.
0.507 136.809
36 0,000 NguSn: Kfit qud phan tich tit s6 h&u di^u tra thuc t6, 2010-2012.
Ket qua ki^m dinh KMO va Bartlett's Test vdi 0,5 < KMO = 0,507 < 1 nen thiic bien p h a n tich n h a n td' la thich hdp va Sig. (P.value) = 0,000 < 5% nghia la bac bd gia thuyet HQ (Ho la cac bie'n khdng cd tUdng quan vdi nhau) va cha'p n h a n H, (Hj la cac bie'n cd tUdng quan vdi nhau).
Ta cd diem cac n h a n td'diia vao bang p h a n tich n h a n to* n h u sau:
Fb,= 0.497* tai chinh + 0,532* vdn vay F M = 0.544* quy md + 0,456* cd sd ha t i n g F M = 0,630*lao ddng + 0,353*nguyen lieu + 0,421*hd trp ciia dia phUdng F M = 0,596* t r i n h dp + 0,468* thdng tin thi trUdng
Trong cac n h a n to' t r e n t a tha'y so Iao ddng la cd hd so' Idn nha't (0,630) nghia la nd cd a n h h u d n g Idn nha't dd'i vdi n h a n to chung (cac n h a n td' a n h h u d n g den hoat dong cac lang nghe), tiep de'n la cac n h a n td' nbU trinh dp (he sd'ia 0,596) va quy md s a n xua't (hd sd 0,456).
+ Nhdn to' ve khd ndng tdi chinh cua cdc nong hg:
Fbi= 0.497* tai chinh + 0,532* vd'n vay Do da p h i n cac n d n g ho t h a m gia b o ^ t ddng l a n g n g h e d e u khd k h a n , n e n von tU ed cdn b a n h ? p , vi t h e h e so" vd'n tii cd (0,497) n h o hdn h$ so'vd'n vay (0,532). K e t q u a t r e n p h a n a n h t r o n g t o n g n g u o n vdn
6 6 Nghiin ciiu Kinh t6s6422 • Thing 7/2013
C^c yeu ttf inh hudng
cua cac n d n g bd l a n g nghe tbi n g u d n vd'n vay giii v a i trd ra't q u a n trpng. Vi the' cac ca'p, cd q u a n c h i n h quyen can cd c h i n h sach hpp ly de hd trd va giiip dd cac n d n g hd ve m a t t a i c b i n h .
+ Nhdn tdve cd sd hg tdng:
Fb2= 0,544* quy md + 0,456* cd sd b a t i n g
Cd sd h a t i n g t a i cae l a n g n g h e a n h hudng ra't Idn den b o a t ddng s a n xua't cua
cac ndng hd. Dudng xa di Iai d l d a n g , he thd'ng c u n g ca'p dien, nUde day d u tao dieu kien t h u a n ldi eho cac ndng hd t r o n g k h a u v a n c h u y e n tim kie'm n g u d n n g u y e n lieu Cling n h u la t r o n g k h a u tieu t h u s a n p h a m va gia se dupc cao hdn. Vi the' cdng tae n a n g ea'p, xay d u n g t h e m cac tuye'n dudng den viing sau, viing xa nha't la ndi cd cac l a n g n g h e la dieu kien ea'p bach can thUe b i e n .
BANG 4: P h a n t i c h c a c n h a n t o a n h hvtctag d e n h o a t d d n g s a n x u a t e u a c a c l a n g n g h e So Ihli
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Yeu to a n h hiidng
Quy mb san xuafl h6 Ngu6n Iao d6ng Tai chfnh Trinh do Vo'n vay
Co s6 ha t ^ g tai ling ngh^
Nguyen li^u Th6ng tin thi tnrdng H6 trcf cua dia phuong
Nhdn td 1
0.100 -0.107 0.497 0.015 0.532 0.020 0.205 -0.131 -0.006
2 0.544 0.044 0.150 -0.148 0.006 0.456 -0.350 0.076 -0.051
3 0.129 0.630 -0.068 -0.108 -0.071 -0.100 0.353 0.090 0.421
4 -0.215 -0.157 0.006 0.596 -0.145 0.231 0.058 0.468 0.301
Ngudn: Ket qua phan li'ch tir s6' lifiu di^u tra thuc te'. 2010-2012.
+ Nhdn to' dieu kien sdn xudt cdc ndng hd:
Fb3= 0,630*lao dpng + 0 , 3 5 3 * n g u y e n lieu + 0,421*bd t r p dia phUdng T r o n g ba't ky h o a t d p n g s a n xua't n a o khdng cd con ngUdi t h i k h d n g t h e h o a t ddng dupe, vi the' con ngUdi giii vai trd r a t quan t r p n g t r o n g cae b o a t d d n g va s a n xua't ciia cac l a n g n g h e ciing k h d n g n g o a i le. Do vai trd q u a n t r p n g ciia Iao ddng n e n n h a n td Iao d d n g cd he sd Idn nha't (0.630) cho tha'y sii t a c ddng m a n h me dd'i vdi n h a n td' dieu k i e n s a n xuat eiia cac n d n g hd. Ngoai r a . n g u d n n g u y e n lieu va c h i n h sach hd t r p ciia dia p h u d n g cCtng gdp v a i trd q u a n t r p n g t r o n g dieu kien s a n xua't cua ciic n d n g hd, k h d n g cd n g u y e n lieu t h i
k h d n g t h e s a n xua't dupc, ciing n h u k h d n g cd cae c b i n h sach cua dia phUdng nbU m i e n t h u e , cho vay Iai sua't Uu d a i , t a p hua'n cac ky t h u a t s a n xua't mdi t h i cac l a n g n g h e se gap n h i i n g khd k h a n nha't d i n h t r o n g s a n xua't cua m i n h .
+ Nhdn tdve khd ndng hieu biet cua cdc ndng hg:
Fb4= 0,596* t r i n h dp + 0,468* t h d n g tin t h i t r u d n g
Khi t h a m gia cac h o a t ddng s a n xua't t h i ai eCing mud'n t h u dupc ldi n h u a n eao nha't, nhUng de d a t dupe ke't q u a dd thi nha't t h i e t p h a i cd mdt t r i n h dp hpc va'n nha't d i n h de ed t h e tie'p t h u , n h a n b i e t eae cd hdi eho b o a t ddng s a n xua't c u a m i n h va cd t h e t a n d u n g eae cd hoi dd mdt each hdp 1^.
Nghiin cOu Kinh t6s6422 - Thing 7/2013
67
Cdc y^u tjfanh hudng ..
T r o n g b o a t ddng s a n xua't eua cac l a n g n g h e ciing vay, eae ndng bd eiing c a n cd t r i n h dp nha't d i n h de cd t h e tie'p t h u cac ky t h u a t mdi, phUdng p h a p san xua't radi de n a n g cao n a n g sua't eho b o a t ddng s a n xua't cua m i n h , vdi he s d ' i a 0,596 cho tha'y vai trd tac ddng m a n h de'n n h a n to' k h a n a n g hieu biet cua cac ndng bd. Ngoai r a , t h d n g tin tbi trUdng ciing ddng vai trd he't siic q u a n t r p n g de'n san xua't cua cae n o n g bp, khi dUde cung ea'p cac t h d n g t i n ve t h i trUdng td't nbU ve gia n g u y e n lidu, gia t h a n h p h a m , . . . t h i eae ndng hd cd thd ed ke' hoach s a n xua't p h u hpp hdn n h a m d a t t h u n h a p cao nha't.
4 . Ke't l u a n
C l n d i u t u p h a t t r i e n l a n g n g h e ke't hpp vdi du lieh d DBSCL, t r o n g do can d i u t u p h a t t r i e n cd sd h a t i n g , tao sii ha'p d a n cho d i l m de'n l a n g nghd, n a n g cao cha't lupng va da d a n g hda san p b i m l a n g n g h e de d a p iing n h u c l u ngay cang eao eiia t h i t r u d n g va du k h a c h , lien ke't giai quye't b a i hda ldi ieh gifla hd d a n l a n g n g h i , n h a d a u t u va cdng ty du lieh.
De l a n g n g h e d DBSCL p h a t t r i e n b e n viing, c l n p h a t t r i e n lang n g h i kd't hdp vdi du lieh nhU:
(1) Ve t h i t r u d n g : c l n tao dieu kien h i n h t h a n h mdi lien k e t giUa ngUdi san xua't v a d o a n h nghiep; p h a t t r i e n cac md h i n h t a p t r u n g d i u mdi de tim kie'm t h i trUdng, t i e u t h u s a n p h a m va d i u tU p h a t t r i d n h e thd'ng p h a n phdl lUu t h d n g s a n p h a m l a n g n g h e tai eae t r u n g t a m thUdng m a i , chd n d n g t h d n , chd d i u mdi, diem t h a m q u a n du Iich, n h a h a n g , k h a c h s a n ; t a n g cUdng q u a n g ba, gidi t h i e u s a n p h a m l a n g n g h e t r o n g cae t r a n g web eiia dia phUdng, bp n g a n h va cac to chiic ho t r p k h a c .
(2) Ve td chiic Iai s a n xua't: c l n to chflc Iai s a n xua't theo h u d n g md h i n h k i n h t e hdp tac; n a n g cao hieu q u a b o a t ddng s a n xua't k i n h d o a n h cua cac l a n g n g h e ; md
r d n g cac h i n h thiic p h a t t r i e n s a n x u a t l a n g n g h e g i n vdi thUdng m a i , dich vu, du lieh, tieu t h u s a n p h l m .
(3) Vd s a n p h a m : c l n d i n h hUdng p h a t t r i e n l a n g n g h e kd't hdp vdi p h a t t r i e n du Iich n h u lUa chpn mot sd' m a t h a n g t h u cdng t r u y e n thd'ng, cd the' m a n h , sii d u n g n g u y e n lieu dia phUdng, dac thii, dae trUng cua t i n h de cd c b i n h s a c h h o trd ddng bd tii viec thie't k e m l u m a phii hpp vdi n h u c l u t h i bid'u c u a k h a c h du lieh.
(4) Ve dad t a o n g u d n Iao ddng: Iao ddng l a n g n g h e , n g h e t h u edng, tidu t h u cdng t h u d n g x u y e n n a n g eao t a y n g h e , ky n a n g Iao ddng m a n g t i n h c h u y d n n g h i e p de thUc h i e n cac m l u m a mdi, p h a t t r i d n s a n p h i m n b ^ m t a o t h i trUdng on d i n h va cd vide lam t h u d n g x u y e n .
(5) Ve vd'n: c l n hd t r p cac dii a n p h a t t r i d n l a n g n g h e , giiip cho eae l a n g n g h e , n g h e t h u cdng dii vd'n t r o n g d i u t u p h a t t r i e n s a n xua't, vdi cae h i n h thiic t h i c h hpp n h u de n g h i cac n g a n h a n g thUdng m a i cho vay t i n c h a p , a p d u n g cac c b i n h s a c h Uu dai Iai sua't ddl vdi cac l a n g n g h e t r u y e n thd'ng, n g h e t h i i cdng cd t h u hiit n h i e u Iao ddng.
(6) V I cd sd h a t i n g : c l n d i u tU xay d u n g va p h a t t r i d n cd sd h a t i n g ky t h u a t p h u c v u p h a t t r i e n l a n g n g h e , n g h e t h u cdng; la'y l a n g n g h i l a m m o t t r o n g eae d i n h h u d n g p h a t t r i e n h a t i n g ky t h u a t ndng n g h i e p , n d n g t h d n ; t h d n g t i n lien lac d n h i i n g l a n g n g b l t a o d i l u kidn t h u a n ldi cho b o a t ddng s a n xua't k i n h d o a n h cua cac l a n g n g h i t h u cdng va cac d o a n h n g h i e p k i n h d o a n h s a n p h l m l a n g n g h e .
(7) Ve a p d u n g t i e n bd k h o a hpc ky t h u a t v a cdng n g h e : c l n t a o mdi lien k e t gidla n h a k h o a hpc - d o a n h n g h i e p - cd sd s a n xua't, l a n g n g h e t r o n g t u va'n, n g h i e n ciiu, t h i i n g h i e m va flng d u n g tie'n bd k h o a hpc va c h u y e n giao cdng n g h e t a o d i e u kien giiip cac l a n g n g b l , n g h e t h u cdng
68 Nghiin cOu Kinh t6s6422 - Thing 7/3013
Cdc yeu t^anh hudng ...
tang nang suat Iao ddng, nghien ciiu san phim mdi phu hpp vdi dieu kien d dia phUdng.
(8) Ve mdi trUdng: trong quy hoach phat trien \hng ngbl, ngbl thii cdng can chii y din va'n de d nhilm mdi trudng eiing nbu cln cd giai phap dong bd giai quye't van de d nhiem mdi trudng d cac lang nghe bien nay tai dia phUdng./.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
I. Anthony E. Boardman, David H. Greenberg, Aidan R. Vining and David L.Weimer (2001). Cost -
Benefit Analysis: Concepts anh Practice. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
2. B6 N6ng nghiep va phat Iriin nfing th6n.
"ThOng tu sd 116/TT-BNN, ngiy 18-12-2006".
3. Hoang Trpng, Chu Nguyen Mong Ngpc (2008), Phdn tich da Ueu nghien ciiu vdi SPSS. Nxb H6ng DUc.
t . Mai Van Nam (2008). Kinh le luang (Econometrics), Nxb Van hoa thdng tin.
J. Nguyen Huu Dang (2005). "Nghien cihi de xufli cac giai phdp phat Iri^n 19 lang ngh^ truyen thO'ng trong qud trinh c6ng nghiep h6a - hien dai hoa n6ng thfln DBSCL".
t^hiin CUU Kinh ti s6422 - Thing 7/2013
