KHOA HOC COU.
IMGHltlM C t r u AIMH HUOIVG CUA MOT S O MHAIV TO OE KHA IVAMB MOC MAIVI CUA HAT GIOIMG, SIIMH TRUOTVG
VA PHAT TRIEIM CUA CAY GIOIMG S A M IMGOC LIIVH [fanax t/§etnamensis Ha e t G r u s h v )
Tmong TTii Hdng Hai^ Nguyen Dinh TUnhS Nguyen Till Kim Cuc^
Dang-nianh Long', Hd Thi Huydn T^an^ Nguyen M 9 n h T u ^ ^ Trinh Minh Quf, VO Van Tm\ Hd Van Dodn^
TOMTAT
Sam Ngoc Linh la san phim dac huu cua X.x Nam. Ia mpt loai sam quy hi^m nhung co phd phan bo hep va iBt kho khan trong vi.-c nhan giong V, vny. viec ap dung khoa hoc ki thuat trong qua Innh nhan giong sam NR9C Unh la het sue can thiet. Trong nghi&n oh. nay. da tien hanh loi uu mot so dieu ki^n nham lam tang kha nang mpc mam cua hat gidng cung nhu h6 \x^ qua Uinh sinh truong phat tnen cua cay g>ong sam Ngpc Unh agia. doan vutm uom. Ka qua nghien cmi da chi ra rang, hat gidng co kha nang moc mam t6t hon Wii thu hAi tu nhung cav me co dy tudi tren sau nam. Ben canh do, ty te moc mam ciia hat giong cung tang l€n dang k^ khi ngam u 6 di6u k.en 45' C hay 55 C trong vong 4 gia va gieo trong gia th^ chua 100% cat suoi am.
Cay con duvc uom trong pa the chua m, dat mun tu nhien -. 50% plian huu co hoai muc tir la cay nmg lam tang dang kd kha nSng smh tnrong. phat tndn va ty le cay gidng dat didu kien xuat vuon. Kel qua nghiSn cihi nhim h6 tr? san xual gidng sam Ngoc Unh mpt each hifiu qua. hira hen se mang lai nhimg lpi ich kmh te lo \im cho ngum dan va chmh quydn huyen Nam Tra My.
TLT kh6a; Gia thd'. moc mam, ngam hat sam .\goc Lmh.
I.BitTVANBE
Sam Ngoc Linh (Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv) ia loai sam cd gia hi duoc lieu cao nhung cd phd phan bd hep. chi tim thay tai mot sd khu vuc thupc day niii Ngoc Unh d hai tinh Kon Tirni va Quang Nam, Viet Nam [1]. Thanh phan hda smh va gia tn duoc li&u ciia sam Ngpc Linh da duoc tidn hanh phan tich bdi nhieu nhdm nghien cihi [1-41- Ket qua nghi&n cuu tir cac nha khoa hoc deu chi ra rSng, irong cii sam Ngpc Linh cd chiia tdi 52 loai saponin, cao g^p doi so voi thanh phan saponin trong nhan siim Han Qudc [1]. Ben canh cac thanh p h ^ sapomn via bidt. trong sani Ngoc Linh con dupe tim ihay 8 loai saponin mdi 15). Dac biet, trong sam Ngoc linh CO chua thanh phan saponin majonosid-R2, mot thanh phan saponin co tac dung chdng stress va chdng ung thu [6]. Vi nhung U do tren nhu cau su dung sam va cac san pham tir sam Ngoc Linh ngav cang tang nhung vice md rgng quy mo san xu^t gap nhieu kho khan, didn hinh la khd khan trong nhan gidng Ioai sam nay. Mac dii da co nhirng co gang
N'li;]! Cong ngh? sinh hoc. Dai hi.K Hue
"Trunc tJmsamN^joc Linh huyen N.imTra M>
Email uhhai^hucuni.edu vn
trong viec nghiSn cuu san xuat cay gidng hang loat trong phdng thi nghidm bang phuong phap nhan gidng vo linh In vitro nhung chua tao duac cay con thuong pham dd dua vao san xuat [7, 8]. Thdm vao do, de vuot qua nhung khd khSn trong vide nhan gidng, trdng va cham sdc sam Ngpc Linh da cd nhOng nghien ciiu vd kha nang nhan sinh khdi rd to sam Ngpc Lmh de tach chiet cac hoat chat [4, 9].
Tuy nhien, hien nay sam Ngoc Linh chu yeu vin dupe san xuat bang phuong phap sir dung hat truydn thdng. Viec san xuat cay gidng sam Ngpc linh ndi rieng va gidng sam bang hat ndi chung cd mot sd han che ca ban, chii yeu la do hat gidng sam rat khd thu nhan, cay sam d-udng thanh tir 4 nam tudi mdi bat dau cho hat mdi nam mpt lan [10]. Trong mdi hat gidng sam co mot phoi chua phat trien dup'c bao vd bdi mot lop vd rat day va cung nen viec mpc mam cua hat rat kho khan [11] dan den thai gian phat tnen cua phoi keo dai va ty le mpc mam rat thap [12, 13]. Do do, de giam thdi gian phat hien phoi va thdi gian mpc mam ciia hat gidng da co nhung nghien cuu duac thuc hien nham lam tang kha nang mpc mam cua hat sam gidng nhu kiem soal dieu kien moi Uuong 114]; xu ly hat giong vai mot s6 loai nam de hd tra qua h'inh nut nanh hat nhung <, y^^.^ ^^^
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
nhiing nghidn cuu hd tra lam tang kha nang moc mam cua h?t cung nhu thiic day su phat hien ciia cay gidng sam Ngpc Linh trong giai doan vudn uam cdn It dupe thuc hidn. Vi vay, trong nghien cuu nay da tien hanh tdi uu mpt sd didu kien de ho tra lam giam thdi gian ngu nghi cua hat, tang ti le mpc mam ciia h?t gidng cung nhu tang cudng kha nang smh trudng va phat trien cua cay sam Ngpc Linh gidng trong giai d o ^ vudn uom.
2 . VAT UEU VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIBU CUU 2.1. V4t lidu nghidn cuu
Hat gidng cay sam Ngpc Linh duac cung cap bdi Tr^i sam gidng Tak Ngo. thon 2 xa Tra Linh, huyen Nam Tra My, tinh Quang Nam. Hat gidng sau khi thu hoach dupe cha sat va dai sach vd va sii dung true tidp cho nghi&n ctm. Hat gidng thu hoach tii cay m? cd dd tudi khac nhau hoac khong phan biet tudi dirpi- ghi chii d ttmg thi nghiem khac nhau.
2.2. Thdi gian v^ dia didm nghi&n cuu Nghi&n ciiu dupe Uen hanh tir 10/2017-5/2019 tai Trai sam gidng Tak Ngo, thon 2 xa Tra Linh, huydn Nam Tra My.
2.3. Phuong phap nghidn cuu
2.3.1. Phuungphip tim thap va xdly gii the - Cat sudi: Cat dugc lay ttr sudi chay quanh khu vm." trai sam gidng, rua sach, phoi kh6 va tudi am lai bang nude mua duoc hung ttong be ciia Trai sam giong Tak Ngo.
• Miin tu nhi^n (miin niii): Mtin nui dupe thu gom tir nhiing tham ning cd tSng miin day, ldp mini din^c thu la ldp xdp b phia tt'en, chua cham dat d xung quanh khu vuc ti'dng sam ciia Trai sam gidng Tak Ngo.
- Phan htru ca vi sinh u lir la cay njng: La mpt sd loai cay frong khu vuc rimg quanh trai duac thu ve va u vdi che pham vi sinh co tac dung phan hiiy cellulose h-ong 3 thang (cd dao tron thudng xuyen mdi tuan) d^ cd phan hiai co hoai muc u hi la cay rimg phuc vu thi nghiem.
2.3.2. Cic tiii nghiem khio sit ty Id moc mam cda b^tgidng sam Ngoc Linh
• Thi nghidm 1; nghien ciiu anh hudng cua hidi cay me den ty le moc mdm cua hat sam Ngoc Unh:
Thi nghiem gdm 3 cdng thiic dupe bd tt'i ngau nhien hoan toan vdi 3 lan nhac lai, mdi Ian nhac la 60 hat gidng, cu the: CTI: hat duoc thu hai ttr cac cay sam m? 4 nam hidi; CT2: hat duac thu hai ttr cac cay sam me 6 nam ttidi; CT2: hat duoc thu hai ttr cac cay sam m? 8 nam tudi, dupe gieo trong thanh phan nipt bdu
la miin niii tu nhien. Thdi gian tidn hanh tir 10/2017- 4/2018.
- "Thi nghidm 2: nghien ciiu anh hudng cua thdi gian ngam ii tcri kha nang moc mdm ciia hat sam Ngoc Iinh. Thi nghiem gdm 9 cong tliiie sii dung hat giong loai 1 duac bd tri ngau nhien hoan loan vai 3 ldn nhdc lai, mdi lan nhdc lai sir dung 60 hat gidr khong phan biet dp tudi ciia cay me cho hat giong.
Hat gidng dirpe ngam trong nuoc la hoSc nuoe la duac dun tdi nhiet dp thi nghiem roi cho hat gidng cac binh giu nhiet dd ban chd thay ddi nhiet dp trong qua trinh ngam, bd tri thi nghiem thuc hidn theo bang 1. Hat gidng sau khi ngam dupe gieo ngay vao bau chiia miin niii tu nhien, thai gian tidn hanh tir 10/2017-4/2018.
Bang 1. Bd tri thi nghidm nghidn cihi inh hudng ciia nhidt dd ntrdc va thdi gian ngSm tdi ty Id mpc m ^
cua hat gidng stoi Nggc Iinh Nhan t6
Nirm: la 20"C (Al) Nuoc la 45»C (A2) Nucrc la 55"C (A3)
4gid- CBI) AlBl A2B3 A3B3
8 gicr (B2) A1B2 A2B2 A3B2
12giff (B3) A1B3 A2B3 A3B3
• Thi nghiem 3: nghien cuu anh huong oia gia the gieo hat den ty le rape mam cua hat sam Nggc Linh. Thi nghiem gom 5 cong thiic ducrc bo tri ngau nhien hoan toan vol 3 lan nh4c lai, m6i ISn nhac la 60 hat giong, cu the: CTI: Gieo hat trong cat sudi am:
CYl: Gieo hat trong gia the la miin tu nhien; CT3:
Gieo hat trong gia the la phan hiiu co hoai muc u tir la cay rimg: CT4: Gieo hat trong gia thd 50% cat suoi am + 50% miin tu nhien: CT5: Gieo hat trong gia thd la 50% cat sudi i n + 50% phan hiru co hoai muc ii tii la cay rimg. Hat gidng sau khi ngam ducrc gieo ngay vao bau chiia miin mii, then gian tien hanh tu 10/2017-4/2018.
Trong ca 3 thi nghiem U-en hat sam Ngpc Linh sau khi thu hai duoc cha sal sach vo qua roi dem gieo uom ngay trong cac bau co kich thuoc 10 x 12 cm. Hat gidng cung cjip cho thi nghiem la hat gidng loai 1. Cac can bp trai gidng kiem U-a khu vuc thi nghiem hang ngay de tuoi nude va ghi nhan thdi gian mpc mSm khi 10% sd hat gieo ciia mdi cdng thiic mpc mdm; ty le mpc mam dupe tinh bang (sd hat mpc mam/sd hat dem gieo) x 100%. Cac bau uom hat dupe xep ducjri tan rimg, trong khu vuc thuc nghi?m cua Trai sam gidng Tak Ngo, dupe quay nilon chdng chupt, dc sen. Tat ca cac thi nghiem dupe cham sdc tr dieu kien gidng nhau theo quy trinh cham sdc cua NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 10/2019 37
Trai sam gidng Tak Ngn
23.3. Thi nghiem danh gia anh huung cua gia thd uom cay loi suih trudng va phat trien cua cay gidng
- Tidu chuan cay sam gidng xuat \-uan; Theo tieu chudn dia giong xuat vuon ciJa Trai sam giong Tak Ngo vm dac didm cay gdm la xanh dam hoac xanh vua, CO tir 2 - 3 la; chieu cao trung bmh 13 - 15 cm:
chidu dai than re: 1,0 cm trd len; duong kinh than rd:
0,8 cm tra ldn; than re co tu 1 • 3 rd chinh.
- Tbi nghidm •/.nghi&n cuu a n h h u d n g cua t h a n h p h a n rupt b a u d e n k h a n a n g sinh t r u o n g , phat t n d n c u a cay s a m g i d n g t r o n g giai doan vuon uoni: T h i n g h i d m g d m -i c o n g t h u c d u o e bd t n ngau nhien h o a n toan voi 3 lan n h d c lai, m d i ldn n h a c la 30 cay g i d n g m o i m p c m a m (1 n a m tudi tinh h i thin didm g i e o h a t ) , cac c o n g t h u c thi n g h i e m g o m : C T I : T r d n g tren dat miin t u nhien h'ong t h a m rimg; CT2: T r d n g trdn gia thd (30% dat mim t u n h i e n + 70% p h a n hiiu c o hoai m u c tir la cay n i n g ) ; C T 3 : T r d n g tren gia t h e (50% dat miin l u nhidn + 50% phan htiu c o hoai m u c Ui la cay r i m g ) : C i 4 - T r o n g trdn gia t h e (70% dat m u n ti,r nhidn + 30% p h a n hiiu c a hoai m u c tir la cay r i m g ) . Cac bdu u o m cay g i d n g d u p e xdp dudi t a n r i m g , t r o n g k h u vuc t h u c nghidm ciia Trai s a m g i d n g T d k B d n g 2. A n h h u d n g c u a tudi c a y m g
N g o . d u p e quay nilon c h o n g c h u p t , 6c ==cn. Hioi g i a n t h u c hien thi n g h i d m tir 5 / 2 0 1 8 - 5 / 2 0 1 ! '
" Chidu c a o c a y . d u o n g k i n h t a n . d u o n g k i n h c u d u p e d o b a n g t h u o e k e p : so r^ p h n d u p e d d m a m 6 ,
2.4. P h u o n g p h d p xir Ij^ s d lidu
") lidu d u p e xii Iy b a n g p h d n m d m E x c e l 2 0 1 3 vd x u lv sai k h a c b d n g p h d n m d m Statisdx 10.0.
3. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
3 . 1 . A n h h u d n g c u a mOt s d n h S n t d tdi t y Id m p c mdm ciia h^t sam Ngpc Iinh
31.1. Mh budng cda tudi cay me ddn ty Id moc mam cia bat siiii Ngoc Linh
Sam Ngpc Linh dupe 4 nam hidi bdt dau ra hoa, dau qua va cho hat nhung chat lupng hat gidng d nhimg cay cd dp tuoi khdc nhau co anh hudng tdi ty Id moc mdm Idiong thi chua dupe tidn hanh khao s a t Chinh vi thd h-ong nghien ciiu nay da su dung nhiing hat gidng tir cay me cd dp tudi khac nhau (4. 6, 8 tudO dd kidm h'a kha nang mpc mdm cd bi anh hudng bdi ludi cay me. Cac kdt qua nghidn ciiu chi ra rang, ty le mpc mdm cua cac hat gidng tir cay me cd dp tudi khac nhau la khac nhau. Su anh hudng ctia tudi cay me ddn ty Id mpc mdm ctia hat gidng sam Ngoc Linh the hidn qua bang 2.
ddn ty Id mpc mdm ciia hat gidng Hat cay me
4 tudi 6 tudi 8 tudi LSD„„;, CV(%)
Ty le moc mibn ciia hat (%) 150 ngay
13,33' 22,22-' 15,55'*
8,31 24.4
180 ngay 26,67'' 41,11"
36,67-*
14,04 20,19
210 ngay 32,22' 60,00' 60,00' 15.54 15,3
240 ngay 63,33' 82,22' 88,89"
6,66 3,18 Gbi chii: a. b. c bidu thi muc do sai khic gida cac cdng thtic, tiong do cac gia tri trung binh co ciing chu ail thi khdng sai khac cd y nghia thdngkd.
Ty 1^ mpc mam cua hat sau 150 ngay gieo dao dpng III 13.33 den 22.22% thdp nhat la cay me bdn tudi cho hat va cao nhdt la cay me sau ludi cho hat, cay me tam tudi co ty Id mpc mam la 15,55% Tuv nhien. d 210 ngay sau gieo ty le moc mam ciia cay mc sau va tam nam tudi cho hat bang nhau la 6t),00*j va i\it> liini so vai cay me bdn nam tudi cho hat. -^u sai khac nay co y nghia thdng kd. Dac biei. sau 240 nj:ay gieo hat. ti Id na> mdm cua hat tir cay me tam nam tudi dat SS.s;i\, \,i co su sai khac coy nghia so \(n hat tir cay me bdn nam tudi (66,33%) va 6 nam ludi tS2.22V) Tir cac ket qua trinh bay d U'dn nhan thay rang tudi cay m? la mot nhan to quan irong anh
hudng toi thdi gian va ty le moc mam ciia hat gidng sam Ngpc Linh. Trong mpt sd nghien ctm vd anh huong cua cac dieu kien tdi nay/mpc mdm ciia cac loai hat gidng sam co nguon gdc khac nhau chu yeu sii dung hat sam tir cay me 4 nam tudi [11, 14, 15].
Tuy nhidn, nhung nghidn cim tren hau het tap hung vii.) danh gia li le nay/moc mdm chir khong de cap ti'ri ihdi gian nay/moc mam. Nhom nghidn cuu ciia lac gia Kim khi su dung nam Talaromyces Havus de xu !y hat giong sam Han Qudc 4 nam tudi da thu duoc ly Id nay/moc mam dat 80.7% sau 112 ngdy uom hat ! n I. Kdt qua nay co su khac biet km voi kdt qua chiing loi thu du*rc nhung nhung su ^al i I -'
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE thd dupe giai thich a mot sd khia canh. Thu nhat.
sam Han Qudc cd phd phan bd rong hon sam Ngpc Linh. cd thd trdng 6 nhieu vimg ciia Han Qudc; thu 2, hat gidng sam Han Qudc duoe stt dung da duoe say khd va bao quan mot thai gian d 4"C, didu nay trong mpt m§t nao cd the ho trp vide hoan thien phat hien cQa phdi trong hat, trong khi thi nghiem ciia chiing toi dupe thuc hien tai Trai sam gidng Tdk Ngo. 1 khu vuc rimg nguydn smh cd dp cao tren 1500 m so vdi muc nude bidn. didu kien di lai, dien nude het siic khd khan ndn vide chpn phuong an sir diing true tiep h?t gidng sau khi thu hoach dd gieo hat nhdm han ch^ toi da anh hudng ciia didu kidn ngoai canh tdi kha nang nay mdm ciia hat gidng la lua chpn tdi uu t?i thdi didm thuc hidn nghien cun; thu 3 trong thi nghidm ddi vdi hat sam Han Qudc, tac gia sii dung tdc nhan la enzyme tir vi nam de hd tra qua trinh lam niit nanh hat gidng ndn viec nay/mpc mdm se thuan Igi vd nhanh chdng hon. Ngoai ra khi bao quan hat giong 4 nam hidi d chu ki nhidt ndng/lanh khac nhau khi gieo hat thi hat gidng sam ciia My cd ty Id ndy/mpc mdm dat cao nhat 71% cao hon so voi ty Id mpc mdm cua chiing toi khong dang ke [14]. Va chiing toi khong tim thay nhung nghien cihi danh gia kha nang nay/moc mam cua hat gidng sam trdn 4 tudi.
3.1.2. Anh hudng cua ky thuat ngam li den ty Id mpc mam cua hat sam Ngoc Linh
Dd hd trp cho qua h'inh nay/mpc mdm ciia cac loai hat gidng sam da cd mpt sd bidn phap ky thuat dirpc nghidn ciiu nhdm lam giam thdi gian mpc mdm va Idm tang ty le mpc mam ciia hat nhu xu ly nhidt ho$c xu Iy vi sinh vat. Tuy nhien, vdi sam Nggc Linh,
trudc gieo trdng chua dupe cong bo. vi thd trong nghien ciiu nay da tien hanh khao sat dnh hudng cua ky thuat ngam li tai ty le mpc mdm ctia hat giong. ket qua dupe the hien d bang 3. Ty le mpc mdm c-iia hat da duoe theo doi hi 150 tdi 240 ngay, kdt qua chi ra rang ty le mpc mdm ciia cac cong thuc trong thi nghiem d 150 ngay sau gieo dao dpng tir S,.*-'"
(AlBl) den 20,00% (A2B2). Cong thtic A2B2 (nud^- 45''C ngam trong 8 gid) co ty Id mpc mdm cao han cdc cong thuc AlBl (nude la ngam frong 4 gid).
A1B2 (nuoc la ngam h'ong 8 gid) va A3B1 (nude 55"C ngam trong 4 gia). Sai khac co y nghia vd mat thdng ke. Cac cong thuc thi nghidm ngam hat sam Ngpc Linh trong nuoe la, nude 45"C va nude 55"C d ca 3 mdc thdi gian (4, 8, 12 gia) cd thdi gian mpc mdm tuong duong nhau, sai khdc co y nghia vd mat thdng kd.
a 180, 210 va 240 ngay sau gieo hat, ty Id mpc mdm cao nhdt d cong thiic A2B2 (nirde 45''C ngam trong 8 gid) la va thap nhat la c6ng thiic AlBl (nude la ngam trong 4 gio), Su sai khac ve thdi gian mpc mdm ciia cong thiic A2B2 so voi cac cong thue khac cd y nghia vd mat thdng ke.
Hat gidng sam cd mpt ldp vd cOmg d bdn ngodi de bao ve phoi, chinh vi the dd hat cd thd nay/mgc mdm, da cd mot sd nghidn cim thuc hidn dd hd trp qua trinh cdi bd ldp vd ciing ciia hat gidng nhu xir ly nhidt do nong/lanh luan phidn, sir dung enzyme ciia vi sinh vat [11,14]. Khi hat gidng dupe xu Iy nhiet dp nong/lanh luan phidn cu ng ho trp rat tdt cho hat sam nay mam, hiy thdi gian xii ly ma ty Id nay mam dao dpng tir 1-71% trong khi xii ly hat gidng voi nam cd the lam tang tyld nay mam tir 43,1-80,7% [11], cac nghidn ctiu lien quan tdi ky thuat xii ly hat gidng
Bang 3. Anh hudng ciia ky thudt ngam li ddn ty Ig mpc mdm Cdng
thlic AlBl A1B2 A1B3 A2B1 A2B2 A2B3 A3B1 A3B2 A3B3 LSDnn':
Ty le moc mam sau gieo (%) 150 ngay
8.89'±6,94 I0,00"±8,22 15,55"'±3,85 16,66" + 5,77 2O,0O'±3,33 15,.%"+1,92 10,00''±3,33 13.33* ±3,33 17,78'"+1,92
9,05 CV 0,78 0,88 0,25 0,35 0.17 0.12 0.33 0,25 0,11
180 ngay 22.22'"± 6.94 26,67"+ 10.00 28,89*'± 1,92 35,55"±6.94 40.00'±.3.33 33,33"" ±6.67 25.55" ± 6.94 30.00'"" ±3.33 2S,89'"±1,92
11,43 CV 0,32 0,38 0.07 0.20J 0.08 0.20 0,26 0,11 0,07
210 ngay 50.00'±5.77 52.22"'±8.39 53.33* ±3,33 54.44* ±5.09 60.00'±3.33 52.22*±5.09 5 I . n ° ± l , 9 2 55.56"+1,92 5 1 . i r ± 1,92
8.31 CV 0,12 0,16 0,06 0.09 0.06 0,10 0,04 0,03 0,04
240 ngay 71,11°'+1,92 72,22"*+ 5.09 68,89°±3,85 81,11'"± 5,09 87,77'±3,85 76,67'"'± 3.33 78,89" + 3.85 80,00'±3,33 76,67"°+ 3,33
6,71 CV 0,03 0,07 0,06 0,06 0.04 0.04 0.05 0,04 0,04 Ghi chii: a. b, c bieu thi miic do sai khac giua cac cdng tiiuc, trong dd cac gia ti-i tivng binh cd cung chir cai thi khdng sai khac.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 10/2019 39
mpc mam nine m a m ^au ITH
1,S() 210 n^a) n,i;a\
43,33 i ; i . l l 20,00' 13.3:1 26,67° 3,s,,'<:i 21,11" 36.1;/' 2i;,(17'' 37.7,'<"
1(1.96 9.7,s 2I.,S(j _ u.:',-i
M5) 240 iie;o- '12,22 ,S2,22' 6-1.1 L _ fili.6/' 61.11' 1
r\ia '
1.23 3.1.3. Anh huong ctia gia thd 0eo hgt ddn tv le mgc mim cua hat sam .\t;<H- Unh
Ty Id mpc mam ciia hat gidng sam Ngoc linh trong cac gia thd khac nhau cung dugc khao sat tir 150 tai 240 ngay. kdt qua duoc tnnh bay dbang 4.
BSng 4. Anh huong cua gia th^ gieo hat ddn ^ 1$
I Gia thd 150 i _ ilKi'V.
I _1_ 17,77' I 2 \ 3.33''
3 " ' 2.22'-"
4 ' 10.00^
_ 5 _ : : 3 . : y ' ' : .LSD0.05J _f^.8<i_
CV J (i(i.:5!l
Ghi chu: a. b. c bieu tin muc di) sai khac giua cic cdng thuc, trong do cac gia tii trung binh cd cimg did cii tin klidng sai khic.
Sau 150 ngay sau gieo hat trong cac gid the khac nhau ty 10 mpc mdm dao dong tir 2,22 den 17,77%, trong dd gid the phan hiiu co hoai muc ti tir la cay rimg cd ty Id nay mam thap nhat (2,22%) tiep dd la gia thd miin tu nhidn trong cac tham rimg va gid the 50% cat sudi + 50% phan hiru co hoai muc ii tir la cay rimg (3,33%), gia thd 50% cat sudi + 50% mim ning hi nhidn (10,00%) va gia the cat sudi am cd ty le moc mam cao nhat (17,77%). Su sai khac ve ty Id nay mdm ciia cdc cong thiic cd y nghia thdng ke.
O 180 ngay va 210 ngay sau trdng, gia thd cat suoi am cd ty le mgc mdm cao nhat voi ty le ldn luot la 43.33% va 61.11%. Ty Id mgc mdm d thai gian 180 va 210 ngay d cac cong thiic gia the mim hr nhien (20.00% va 43.33%); gia the phan hCai ca hoai muc ti tu la cay rimg (26.67% va 38,89%): gia the 50% cat sudi + 50% mim ning tu nhidn (21.11% va 36,67%); 50% cat SUOI + 50% phan hiiu co hoai muc u tii la cay rimg (26.60% va 37.78%).
Tm 2-10 ngay. ly Id moc mam cao nhat vdn la su dung gia the cat suoi dm dat 92.22% va thap nhat b gia the 50% cat sudi + 50% phan him co hoai muc ii tu la cny rung dat 61.11%. Gia the gieo hat cat suoi am va miin rimg tu nhidn co ty le moc mam cao han so vcn cac gia the con lai. sai khdc co y nghia ve mat thong kd. Cat sudi. cat song dm da duoc nhieu nghidn cuu sir dung h'ong qua trinh uom hat giong
sam, chinh vi the kd. qua cua ehung I'l. !•* <^'«'Sj'*
phii hop so vdi cac nghidn cuu tnroc ^ >? " " . ' _ cat sudi am lam gia thd gieo hat gidng sam Ngpc Unh 111. 16,17).
3.2. Nghidn cuu Jnh hudng cua cua thanh phin rudt biu d & kha nang sinh tmtog, phit tndn cua cSy sam gidng trong giai do?n vudn uom
Dd dd hd tro su phal tridn hieu qua cay sam gidng, da chuydn nhung cay sam duoc 1 nam tuoi unh tir thdi diem gieo hat sang bau uom cay vm thanh p h i i rupt bju khac nhau. Ddng thii tang trudng cua chidu cao than va dudng kinh tan cua cay sam gidng d cac giai doan khac nhau cung duvc danh gia dd xac dinh gia the biu uom phii hpp nhat cho qua U'inh sinh Uirdng cua cSy sam gidng trong giai doan bau uom. Ket qua nghien ciiu dpng thai tang tnrdng chidu cao cay va dudng kinh tan (Bang 5). Dua vao ket qua bang 5 cho thay chieu cao cay tang manh d giai doan 2 thang sau khi chuyen cay con vao gia the bau uom, tang tir 1,2 ddn 2,7 cm. O 2 thang sau chuydn cay con vao gia the bau uom, chidu cao cay d gia the 50% dat miin tu nhien + 50% phan htru CO hoai muc tir la cay rimg la 8,5 cm; gia the 70%
dat miin tu nhien + 30% phan hiiu co hoai muc tir \k cay rimg la 8,1 cm; gia the 30% dat mun tu nhidn + 70% phan him ca hoai muc hi la cay rimg la 7,0 cm thap nhat trong cac cdng thlic. Cdng thiic ddi chiing cd chidu cao la 7,8 cm. Dutmg kinh tan cac cay sam gidng sau 2 thang chuyen sang ban uom cung cd str thay ddi, duimg kinh tan lon nhat thu dupe la 10,1 cm khi su* dung thanh phan bau uom la gia the chiia 50%
dait miin tu nhien + 50% phan hiiu co hoai muc tir la cay rung cd. Bdn thang sau khi chuyen cay vao bdu uom, dudng kinh tan la ldn nhat khi sir dung gia the 50% dat miin hr nhien + 50% phan hiiu co hoai muc tir la cay rimg (12 cm), trong khi dudng kinh tan d cdng thlic ddi chimg dat 11,2 cm.
Cac ket qua trdn gpi y rang, gia the chiia 50%
miin tu nhien + 50% phan hiiu co hoai muc tir la cay rung la tdt nhat cho su phat trien ciia cay sam trong giai doan vudn uom nen cdn bd tri trdng thua hon so vdi cac gia the cdn lai.
Be danh gia sau hon vai trd cua gia the vdi su phat tnen cua cay sam, mdt sd dac diem ve chieu cao cay, chieu dai cii, khdi lutmg cu va sd lupng rd phu da duoi. xac dinh (Bang 6). Chieu cao
lu 13,4 ldi IS.l cm; chidu dai c% dao ddng dmmg kinh cu tu l,lX-l,37cm
c i i h r l 3 ( l e i n l,S2c ' re phu tu : ; j . i t ) NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 -THANG lQ/20,9
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
rk/cii. Trong dd cong thitc cd chidu cao cay. chidu dai cu. kich thudc cii ldn nhat va sd rd phu nhieu nhdt la gid thd chiia 50% dat mim tu nhien + 50% phan hiiu ca hoai muc hi la cay rimg va thdp nhdt la cong thlic gid the chiia 30% ddt mun tu nhien + 70% phan hiiu CO hoai muc hi la cay rimg. Xet vd tdng the, gia
the chiia chua 50% dat mim hi nhidn + 50% phan hiiu ca hoai muc tir la cay rimg cd chieu cao cay, chidu dai cii, kich thuoe cu lon hon, sd lupng rd phu nhidu hon cac cong thiic con lai va su sai khac co y nghia vd mat thdng ke.
Cdng thlic
1 2 3 4
Bang 5. Ddng thai tang tnrong chidu cao cav va duong IHnh tin Chidu cao cay (cm)
Bit ddu chuyen sang bau uom 5,9 ±0,13 5,8 ±0,10 5,8 ±0,18 5,8 ± 0,04
CV 0,02 0,02 0,03 0,01
4 thang 9,3 ± 0,22 8,4±0,14 10,1 ±0,34 9.6 ±0.14
CV 0.02 0.02 0,03 0.01
Dirdng kinh tan (cm) Bit dau
chuyen sang biu uom 7.9 ± 0.37 7.5 ± 0.25 8.5 ±0.15 8.0 ± 0.09
CV 0,05 0.03 0,02 0.01
4 thang 11,2 ±0,05 10,6 ±0,12 12,0 ±0,47 11,0 + 0,18
CV 0,00 0,01 0,04 0,02 Bing 6. Dac di^m hinh thii than la cua s^m gidng luc xuit vudn
Cdng thlic 1(J)C)
2 3 4 LSD„,
Chidu cao cay (cm) Chidu cao 14,3'+ 0,22 13,4'+ 0,14 16,r'±0,34 14,6'±0,14
0,2 CV 0,02 0,02 0,03 0,01
Chidu dai cu (cm) Chidu dai cii
1,33"+0,02 1,29'" ±0,02 1,62'+ 0.06 1.38'±0,02
0,06 CV 0.02 0,01 0.04 0.01
Dudng kinh oi (cm) Dudng kinh
cu 1.2.3'±0.02 1.18'±0.03 1.37-'±0,03 1,26'±0,01
0,04 CV 0.01 0.03 0.02 0,00
Sd rd phu (rd/cu) Sd rd phu 1.6'+ 0,06 1,3'±0,06 1,9" ±0,06 1,6'±0,06
0,1 CV 0,04 0,04 0,03 0,04
Ghi chti: a, b, c bieu tbi muc dp sai khic giua cac cdng thuv, trong dd cic gii tii trung binh cd ciing chu cii tbi khdng sai khic. Thi nghiem ti'dn hinh ngiu nhidn vdi sdlin lap lai da dd cap dphuong phip.
Trong sd cac cay sam gidng dupe uom trong cac cong thlic gid the khac nhau, ty le cay con xuat vudn d cdng thirc chtia gid the gdm 50% dat miin hi nhien + 50% phan huu ca hoai muc tir la cay rimg dat cao nhdt vdi 149 cay/180 cay thi nghidm (ty Id 82,78%).
Trong khi dd vdi gia the chiia 30% ddt mim tu nhidn -i- 70% phan hiiu co hoai muc tir la cay ning chi dat 114 cay/180 cay thi nghidm (ty Id 63,33%). Nhu vay cong thtic gia thd chiia 50% dat miin hr nhien -f 50% phan hCfu cu hoai muc tir la cay rimg cd ty le xuat vudn cao hon so vdi cac cong thiic khdc. Thanh phdn rupt bdu CO vai trd rat ldn ddi vdi sinh trudng ciia cay gidng b giai doan vudn uom ddi voi nhidu cay lam nghiep va dupe li^u cd gid tri [18, 19] nen vide \ua chgn rupt bdu phii hgp se thiic day qua frinh sinh trudng cua cdy con mpt each hidu qua. Vdi 4 cong thirc ruoi bau dupe thii nghiem da tim ra thanh phdn rupt bdu chiia 50% ddt mim tu nhidn + 50% phan hiiu ca hoai muc tir la cay rimg la loai gia the phii hpp nhat cho phat trien cay sam gidng trong giai doan vudn uom. Ket qua
nay gop phan nang cao hieu qua tao ra cay sam gidng con phuc vu md rgng dien tich trdng sam b huydn Nam Tra My.
4. KET LUAN
Vdi kdt qua dat dupe tir nghidn ciiu nay, da tdi uu dupe mpt sd dieu kidn nhdm nit ngdn thdi gian moc mdm va tang ty le hat mgc mam cua sam Ngpc Linh bao gdm sii dung hat gidng hi cay me cd do tudi tren sau nam. hat phai duac ngam trong nude la cd nhiet dd 45''C trong 8 gia trude khi duac gieo trong cat sudi am. Da lira chgn duoe gia thd chira 50% dat miin tu nhidn + 50% phan hiiu ca hoai muc tir la cay rimg la gia thd tdt nhdt dd hd h'a su sinh trudng cua cay sam gidng trong giai doan vudm uom.
LdlCAMCTN
Nhdm tac gii xin cim an Sd Klioa hoc vi Cdng nghd tinh Quing Nam, liy ban Nhan dan huydn Nam Tri My da tai ti-a kinh phi thuc hien nghidn cuu niy qua dd til "Nghidn cuu ting dijng tidn bo khoa hpc vi
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 10/2019
KHOA HOC CdN& i
cong nghe vd nhan gidng huu linh nhAm nang cao t\
Id va chat Iwpng cay gidng sam .\i:oc Linh tai huydn .\am Tm .My. tinh Quing \:ini
TiU UBJ THiUH KHAO
1 N g u y e n T h i T a m . Nguyt-n P h u T a m , \u T h i H a n h N g u y d n , Nguydn K h a c H u n g , C h u Nhat H u y , P h a m Bich N g o c . C h u H o a n g H a . P h i Quyet
l i e n (2018). Phan Igp. sang IQC \i khuan npi smh cd kbi nAng smh tdng hpp p-glucosidase trong cay • sam Ngoc Lmh (Panax viemamen-i< H a et G r u s h v . ) . T a p chi Sinh h(ic.2()lN 40(2): p . 153-161.
2. N g u y e n . M D . . Kasai, R , Yamasaki. K-.
N g u y e n , T . N.. T a n a k a . O.. (1999). .\c» dammarane saponins ti-om Vietnamese ginseng, in Studies in Plant Siience. C.-R. Yang a n d 0 . T a n a k a . Editors 1999. Elsevier, p . 77-82.
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PharmaceuUcal Biology, 2000. 38: p . 16-24.
•I. T n n h Thi H u a n g , P h a m Bich N g g c , C h u H o d n g Hd, D u o n g T a n N h u t (2016). Dinh gii kbi n^g sinh tivong va ti'ch luy saponin ciia ri bit dinh va rd ta cay sam Ngpc Linh (Panax vietnamensis Ha el G r u s h v . ) . T g p chi C o n g n g h d S m h h p c 2 0 1 6 . 1 4 ( 2 ) : p. 231-236.
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6. D u o n g T d n N h u t , H o a n g T h a n h Tiing, T r i n h Tlii H u a n g , N g u y e n H d n g H o a n g , Vii Tlii Hidn.
Nguyen B a N a m , Nguydn Phiic Huy. Vu Q u d c L u a n . P h a m Bich N g o c . C h u H o a n g Ha, T r d n T h i T h u y An, T r d n Dinh Phuoiig. Nguydn T h i T h u H u a n g . T r d n C o n g Luan (2015). Banh gia tac dung tang luc cua sapomn tnmg rd la chuyen gen sam Ngoc Lmh
(Panax viemamensis H a et G r u s h v . ) . T a p c h i C o n g n g h d Sinh h g c , 2 0 1 5 . 1 3 ( 1 ) : p . 75-82.
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sam .\goc Linh (Panax vietnanien-^i^ Ha el G n i s h \ i H u e U n i v e n t y j o u r n a l ol S c i e n c e s . 2U13. 79(1).
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Huv. Nguydn Ba Nam. N.«u>*>. H " ^ ^ ^ ^ .Nguvdn Tlianh Sang, Xu Thi ™">'- ^ f ^ 5 " ^ ^ ^ Q L g , T T t a i X i i a „ D u , D u o , l g T . ™ N M ^ m 9 ^ ^ ^ dung kydiuit nudi cay lop nioniite bao " ' ^ ^ cuu cua tiinh phat sinh hmh Oia, cua. .,y sam Ngoc
vietiiamensis Ha et Grushv.) in vitro.
^ c S a ' i ; ; : : r p i i « n . 2 0 1 5 . 1 3 l 4 ) : p . 6 5 7 - 664.
9 Nguydn Till Udu, Nguydn Trung Thanh,
\guvdn Van Kdt (2011). Nghidn ciiu kha nang lao rd bdt dinh ciia sam N.«uc Unh (Panax vietnamensis.
Ha et Grushv.) uong nudi c«y in vitro. Tap chi Khoa hoc - Dal hgc Qudc gia Ha Ndi, Khoa hoc Tu nhidn va Cdng nghd, 2011. 27: p. 30-36.
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Improvement ot seed dehiscence and germination in gmseng by sti-atitication, gibberellin, and/or kinetin treatments. Horticulture, Environment and Biotechnology 2018. 59(3).
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H o r t T e c h n o l o g y , 2 0 0 0 . 1 0 ( 1 ) : p . 131-135, 15. Xu, S. Q , Z h a n g , H., H o u , Z. l-.,Wang, Y. P., (2017) CharacterisUcs ot seed .size and its relationship lo germinalion m American ginseng (I-'imax quinquelolius L.) J o u r n a l of 1 -l,, ,,,31 p l a n t s s t u d i e s , 2017. 5 ( 1 ) . p . 0 MIS.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 1
