KHOA HOC KY THUAT THU Y - TAP XVll - SO 5 - 2010
TINH
H I N H N H I E MSAN LA GAN
L 6 NCUA TRAU, BO TAI MOT SO 0!A DIEM THUOC
T I N HNGHE AN
V6 T h i H a i Le
Triidng Cao ddng kinh te'ky thuat Nghe An
T O M T A T
Kiem tra tinh hinh nhiem san la gan ldn qua xet nghiem 269 mau phan trau bd (150 trau, 119 bo) tai mot so' dia phUdng thupc huyen HUng Nguyen, tinh Nghe An, ket qua cho thay: ty le n h i l m la 61,9% d trau va 26,86% d bd. Mo kham 150 trau, 131 bd, ket qua cho thay ty le nhiem d trau 65% va d bd 30.68%o. Cudng dp nhiem 7-24 san/con. Gia siic cang gia ty le nhiem san la gan Fasciola spp cang cao.
Tii khoa: Trau bd, San la gan. Ty le nhiem, Tinh Nghe An.
Infestation by liver flukes in cattle in Hung Nguyen district, Nghe An province
V6 Thi Hai Le
SUMMARY
An examination of 2698 fecal samples of cattle (150 buffaldes and 119 bovines) in the district of Hung Nguyen, province of Nghe An indicated t h a t the infestation by the liver flukes were 61.9%o ( buffaloes) and 26.86%o ( bovines). The examination by autopsy realized in 150 bufaloes and 131 bovines showed that the infection by Fasciola sp 65% and 30.68%
respectively. The intensity of infection was 7 to 24 liver flukes per animal. The old cattle had also a higher prevalence than the young ones.
Key words: Cattle, Liver flukes. Prevalence. Nghe An province.
I. DAT VAN DE ^°^ it tac gia de cap den. Nghien citu nay
„ . , , ,, ,, , r, -7 - nham dieu tra tinh trang nhiem san la gan Benh san la gan ldn do rasciola sp gay . .,
,v' ., , . , .-^ , .;> , .V 1 , ..~ , ,. rasciola sp cua trau, bo tai mot sd dia diem ra la mot benh rat pho bien d nhieu loai , > . .
ddng vat, gay tac hai ldn cho trau, bd, Benh ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ " •
lam giam kha nang smh trUdng va phat jj_ y^rj, n g u y ^ P H U O N G P H A P trien ciia vat nuoi. Mat khac benh do san la
gan ldn gay ra hien dang la md'i quan tam ^^jnlhyJN CUU ldn ciia cong dong, vi benh ciing rat pho bien 2 . 1 . V a t lieu d ngUdi. Benh van lUu h a n h rong d ngUdi
thupc 47 tinh/thanh trong ca nUdc v6i 5000 " ^ ^ " P ^ ^ " '^"^ ^^^"'^ ^^ ^ ^^^ ^^ <^^c ^^^ t^°' ngUdi mac benh (Nguyin Van De, Pham dUdc thu thap tai mot so dia diem thupc huyen Van Khue, 2000) Hung Nguyen (xa Hung Nhan, HUng Chinh,
Nhiing dieu tra nham xac dinh tinh ^ ^ ^ S D'?o)' ^en Thanh (xa Long Thanh, Phiic trang nhilm san la gan ciia trau, bd nuoi tai Thanh, Hdp Thanh), tinh Nghe An.
cac tinh thupc vung Bac Trung Bp hien nay - Dung cu va hoa chat phdng thi nghiem
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KHOA HOC KY THUAT THU Y - TAP XVII - SO 5 - 2010
2.2. Phiidng p h a p n g h i e n cifu
- Thu thap cac mau phan cua trau bd 3 dia diem dai dien cho huyen Hung Nguyen, Yen Thanh thupc tinh Nghe An. Lay phan gia siic cac lita tuoi (< 2 nam, 2 - 4 nam va > 4 nam tuoi) theo phUdng phap ngau nhien, xet nghiem phan bang phUdng phap gan nia sa lang (Benedek) de tim tritng cua Fasciola sp.
- Tim hieu ty le bien ddng nhiem Fasciola sp cua trau, bd theo lita tuoi dua tren sd' con nhiem so vdi so'con kiem tra.
- Thu thap san la gan trudng thanh bang phUdng phap mo k h a m kiem tra gan, tui
mat, ong dan mat ndi san ky sinh tai cac Id mo gia siic.
Cac so' lieu dUdc xU ly theo phUdng phap tho'ng ke sinh vat hpc tren phan mem Excel.
III. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
3.1. Ty le va ciiofng do n h i e m san la gan tren dan trau, bo tai viing n g h i e n ciiu (qua xet n g h i e m phan)
De tim tritng cua san la gan. chung tdi da tien hanh xet nghiem 150 mau phan trau, 119 mau phan bd thu thap dUdc tai cac vung nghien citu. Ket qua thu dUdc trinh bay tai bang 1.
Bang 1. Ty le vd cudng do nhiem san la gan tren dan trau, bd tai viing nghien citu theo phuang phap xet nghiem phan
N. Loai
Diem \ . nghien cijru \ ^
Hung Nguyen Yen Thanh
Tong
Trau
So kiem
tra
70 80 150
So nhiim
46 46 92
Tyle nhiem
(%)
65,71 57,5 61,6
Caang do nhiem (trdng/g
phan)
241 180 210
Bo
So kiem
tra
59 60 119
So nhiim
15 17 32
Tyle nhiim (%)
25,4 28,33 26,86
Caang do nhiim
(trang/g phan)
121 132 126
Ket qua bang 1 chd thay: trau tai cac diem nghien citu hi nhiem san la gan Fasciola sp vdi ty le kha cao (61,6'>o), dao dong tii 57,5%) (Yen Thanh) den 65,71%
(Hung Nguyen). Bo bi nhiem san la gan vdi ty le tha'p hdn (26,86%), dao ddng tit 25,4% (Hung Nguyen) den 28,33% (Yen Thiinh). Sd di cd ket qua tren, theo chiing tdi nhan thay: viing nghien citu cd dien tich dat nong nghiep chii yeu la viing triing, lay Ipi chuyen t h a m canh cay liia, nhieu viing hay Ipi cd cac loai cay thuy sinh phat trien, nhU: rau lap, rau ngo, rau mud'ng. Dac biet la xa HUng Nhan cd dia the thap thUdng xuyen bj ngap ling, nhat la vao miia mUa. Hdn niia, theo ket
qua dieu tra chiing tdi nhan thay: gia siic d viing nghien citu chUa dUdc chftm sdc, quan ly chu dao, khong dinh ky tay du phdng san la gan va cac benh do ky sinh triing khac, site de k h a n g kem, trau bd gay yeu, nen ty le nhiem Fasciola sp cao.
Huyen Yen Thanh gia siic cd ty le nhiem tha'p hdn. nhUng khong dang ke, day ciing la viing cd dia hinh tUdng ddi tha'p, chii yeu tham canh liia, cd nhieu viing lay Ipi rat t h u a n Idi cho sU phat trien ciia vat chu trung gian ciia san la gan.
Ket qua nghien citu cua chiing tdi cung phu hdp vdi nghien citu ciia cac tac gia Phan Dich Lan (1978); Ho Thi Thuan, (1986) khi
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KHOA HOC KY THUAT THU Y - TAP XVll - SO 5 - 2010
cho rang: viing dong bang va trung du. trau bd nhiem san la gan vdi ty le tit 40 - 70%.
Cac tac gia LUdng Van Huan va cs (1997) cung cho biet ty le nhiem san la gan d cac tinh phia Nam la: 22%. Phan Luc, Pham Van Khue (1996) cho biet benh do Fasciola sp phan bd' rong khap cac vung trong nUdc, trau, bd, de d cac viing dong bang va trung du, nhat la ndi lay Ipi am tha'p cd ty le
nhiem kha cao, trau nhiem 79,6%, bd: 36%
va de 20%.
3.2. Ty le va cifcfng do n h i e m s a n la gan t r e n dan trau, bo tai viing n g h i e n cufu (qua mo kham)
Thu thap san la gan trUdng thanh tai cac Id mo, kiem tra gan, tiii mat, o'ng dan mat ndi ky sinh ciia san. Ket qua dUdc trinh bay tai bang 2.
Bang 2. Ty le vd cudng dp nhiem san la gan tren dan trau, bd tai viing nghien ciiu theophuangphap md kham
\ . Loai Diem N, nghien c i h j \
Hung Nguyen Yen Thanh
Tong
Trau So
kiem tra
70 80 150
So nhiim
52 49 101
Tyle nhiim (%)
74,28 61,25 67,76
Caang do (san/con)
8-28 7-20 7-24
Bo So
kiem tra
59 72 131
So nhiim
15 17 32
Tyle nhiim (%)
32,2 29,16 30,68
Cadng do (san/con)
2-15 4-18 3-16
Ket qua bang 2 cho thay; trau hi nhiem san la gan kha cao, vdi ty le nhiem chung la 67,76%, dao ddng txi 61,25 % (Yen Thanh) den 74,28% (Hung Nguyen). Dan bd nudi tai cac viing nghien citu cd ty le nhiem san la gan chung la 30,68%, dad dong tit 29,16% (Yen Thanh) den 32,2% (HUng Nguyen). CUdng dp nhiem san trung binh tit 7 - 24 san/ trau va 3 - 16 san fbo. ThUc te cho thay day deu la dia hinh kha trung, cd nhieu ao ho va rupng luon
ngap nUdc, phan va chat thai khong dUdc xii ly. Dieu nay da giai thich dUdc ly dd trau, bd d day cd ty le nhiem Fasciola sp cao. Ket qua bang 2 ciing cho biet ty le nhiem san d trau cao hdn d bd.
Ket qua nghien citu cua Phan Luc (1993) cho biet: loai siic vat d nUdc ta nhiem san nhieu nhat la trau (79,6%)); bd n h i l m it hdn:
36%). Nhu vay ket qua ciia chiing tdi cung phii hdp vdi nhan xet ciia tac gia.
3.3. Ty le nhiem san la gan Fasciola sp theo liia tuoi ciia trau, bo tai viing nghien cijfu Ket qua dUdc trinh bay d bang 3.
Bang 3. Tinh hinh nhiem san la gan theo lita tuoi ciia trau, bd
Loai gia sue ^^~~-~--_^^^
Trau
8 6
< 2 nSm tuoi 2-4 nam
> 4 nSm
< 2 nam 2-4 nam
> 4 nam
Hung Nguyen So con nhiem
7 28 63 0 14 24
Ty le nhiem (%) 5,0 20,0 45,0 0,0 11,86 20,33
Yen Thanh So con nhiem
6 32 60 2 10 26
Ty le nhiem (%) 3,75 20,0 37,5 1,5 7,5 19,69
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KHOA HOC KY THUAT THU Y - TAP XVII - SO 5 - 2 0 1 0
Ket qua b a n g 3 cho thay: t r a u > 4 n a m tuoi cd ty le nhiem san la gan Fasciola sp k h a cao, dao ddng tit 37,5% (Yen T h a n h ) den 45,0%(
HUng Nguyen), trau dudi 2 n a m tudi ty le nhiem san la gan Fasciola sp t h a p , tit 3,75%) - 5%
trong tong so' con dUdc kiem tra; bd dudi 2 n a m tuoi d viing HUng N g u y e n khong cd con nao bi n h i i m s a n la gan, d viing Yen T h a n h bd dudi 2 n a m tudi ty le n h i e m tha'p: 1,5% trong td'ng so'con kiem t r a , gia siic tit 2 - 4 n a m cd ty le nhiem dao ddng trong k h o a n g 20% d t r a u va 11, 86% d bd ( H u n g Nguyen).
ThUc te c h a n n u d i t r a u bd d dia phUdng cho t h a y : nhiJng gia siic < 2 n a m tudi d a n g t r o n g giai d o a n nuoi h a u bi, n e n dUdc c h a m sdc q u a n ly k h a chu dao, it cd dieu kien tiep xiic vdi m a m b e n h n e n ty le n h i e m tha'p.
NhiJng t r a u , bd gia dupe c h a n t h a t u do, h a n g n a m hai x u a t h a n g t r a m n g a n t a n p h a n t r a u , bd r a moi trUdng, p h a n ldn lUdng c h a t t h a i n a y k h o n g dUdc xif ly, da lam d n h i e m mdi trUdng sd'ng cua ngUdi va vat nudi, dong thdi con tao dieu k i e n cho nhieu m a m b e n h t r u y e n n h i e m , ky s i n h t r i i n g gay b e n h cho v a t nudi va ngUdi, dia phUdng lai k h o n g cd hai c h a n k h o r a o , gia siic thUdng an cd d n h i i n g viing t r i i n g , a m Udt. Day k h o n g n h i i n g la ndi t h u a n Idi cho t r i t n g p h a t trien t h a n h au t r i i n g m a cdn t h u a n Idi cho 6'c ky chu t r u n g gian ciia Fasciola sp ton tai va p h a t trien. Do dd, tuoi siic v a t c a n g gia ty le n h i e m s a n la g a n c a n g t a n g .
De h a n che to'i da ty le m a c b e n h san la gan d gia siic va p h o n g chd'ng b e n h cho con ngUdi, thi bien p h a p xii ly p h a n ciia t r a u , bd de diet tritng san la bien p h a p p h d n g b e n h tich cUc va can t h i e t . Tii k e t q u a n g h i e n citu t r e n , tit thUc te c h a n nudi t r a u , bd t a i v u n g nghien citu, chiing tdi de x u a t mot so bien p h a p phong b e n h n h u s a u :
+ P h o n g b e n h b a n g ve s i n h :
- Ve s i n h c h u o n g t r a i , p h a n p h a i dUdc thu gom va \d ly trUdc k h i d e m hdn cho cay trong.
- C u n g cap thitc a n khd, sach cho t r a u bd, h a n che c h a n t h a gia siic d n h i i n g ndi lay Idi a m udt.
+ D u n g cac loai hoa dUdc (vi du: Dertil B) de t a y san la g a n d i n h ky cho gia siic.
TV. K E T L U A N
+ T a t ca cac s a n la gan t h u t h a p dUdc tai v u n g n g h i e n citu deu thupc loai Fasciola gigantica.
+ Ket q u a xet n g h i e m p h a n cho thay:
t r a u hi n h i e m s a n la gan vdi ty le k h a cao:
61,6%, ty le n h i e m t h a p h d n d bd: 26,86%.
Cudng dp n h i e m trUng c h u n g d t r a u . bd dao ddng tit 126 - 210 t r i t n g / g a m p h a n .
+ Ket qua md k h a m k i e m t r a t h u t h a p s a n la gan cho t h a y t r a u n h i e m san la gan vdi ty le 67,76%, bd n h i i m 30,68%. CUdng dp n h i e m s a n t r u n g b i n h tit 7 - 24 san/con.
+ Tudi gia siic c a n g cao, ty le n h i e m san la gan c a n g t a n g
TAI L I E U T H A M K H A O
1. LittJng Van Huan, Vii Thanh Hai va cs, 1997. Tinh hinh nhiem san la gan Fasciola gigantica 6 trau bo tai 11 tinh phia Nam va ket qua thit nghiem tay tril. Tap chi KHKT thil y. tap IV, so 2, tr.53-57.
2. Ho Thi Thuan, Nguyen Ngoc PhUdng , 1986. Tinh hinh nhiem san la gan trau bo.
Ket qua hoat dong KHKT 1975-1985 cua Trung tam thii y Nam Bo. NXB Khoa hpc &
ky thuat, tr.253-264.
3. Phan Dich Lan, 1978 .Benh san la gan trau bo F.gigantica. Cong trinh nghien citu KST thu y, tap II. NXB KH&KT, tr. 176-185.
4. Ludng Van Huan, Le HQu KhUdng, 1997, Benh ky sinh triing cl gia siic, NXB Nong Nghiep, T.p Ho Chi Minh.
5. Pham Sy Lang, Phan Dich Lan, 2001, Benh ky sinh triing d gia sue vd bien phap phong tri. Nxb Nong Nghiep, Ha Noi.
6. Pham Sy Lang, Nguyen Thi Kim Lan, Le Ngoc My, Nguyen Thi Kim Thanh, Nguyen Van Tho, (2009) - Ky sinh triing vd benh ky sinh triing <J vat nuoi • NXB Giao due Viet Nam.