Chao mCfng 91 nam Ngay Bao chi Cach mang Viet Nam
A iNGHIEN CUU Sir DUNG GIA KHUNG VA GIA XiCH THUY LUD NHAM THAY THE V'l CHONG THUY LUC DON TAI CAC MO HAM LO
TS. L £ OO'C N G U Y 6 N ThS. DINH VAN C I / ( S N G TS. eAO NGOC H O A N G
KS. NGUYEN VAN Dl/ONG Vi$n Khoa hoc COng ngh$ ftfd - Vmacomin
Bien tStp: TS. Bao Hong QuAng At present, at undergrounti coal mines, the mining technology
with using the hydraulic single pmps and jointed tjeams has tieen mainly used to exploit the medium coal seams with the gentle slope to inclined angle. However, the coal capacity and output as well as the safety are not as required. Moreover, the support worics and ground pressure control have coped with many difficulties. Study on the application of the hydmulic supporting and chain frames for improving the technical and economic indexes, decreasing the labor Intensity and increasing the safety is the main content of this paper
1. D | t van d§ tifang d6i dan gian, khong yeu cau cao v4 trinh Ket qua danh gia t6ng hap tru iu'ong va d i e ^9 tiep ntian, linh hoat va thich i>ng du'p'c v&i diem di^u iiien dia otiat ttieo cac dip an quy ^ieu Iden dia ciiit phi>c tap. Tuy niiien, thipc te tioach mo da du'oc ptie duyet tai 12 nio hlim 16 ap dung cQng cW ra nhOng ton tai Ion cua c6ng thugc T^p doan TKV gom: Mao Khe, Nam M l u , nghe nhu': hau het cac l<hau trong quy trinh san Uong Bi, Vang Danh, Ha LSm, Nui Beo, Duong xuat duvc t h g t hien thu cong, I<h6i lui?ng v4t t u Huy Quang Hanh, Thong Nhat, Ha Long (Khe (gS, \ura\ thep, dau nhu h6a,...) phai van ehuyen Cham ll-IV), Khe Ch^m (Khe Chlim Hi) va Mong hang ca nhilu nen yeu cau so lu'c/ng nhan cong Du'ong cho thay, trO lm?ng dia chit cac l(hu vyc tn/c tiep \dn. Cong tac thu h6i cotchong luong via day trang binh, d6c den 45° c6 l<hoang 237,5 Pha hoa chiem nhieu thoi gian d i n den nang trieu tan, chiem 37,67% tong tru-lu'ong a a chit sua* lao dong thap, chi i<hoang 2,5 + 3,0 huy dOng. Thu-c t4 trong nhD-ng nam qua, san tan/cong, cong suit 16 cho I<h6ng cao (chi lu-ong than tO cac l<hu vyc via day trung binh,
thoai den nghieng luon duy tri a mijc cao, Ichoang 20% tong san luvng than h i m 16 cua TKV (hinh 1) [1]. Theo ke
hoach l<hai thac cua cac m o " " ' than h i m io, d u l<iln ty le nay ^^
se con t i l p tuc tang len trong sty
cac nam tai. ,^
2. Cdng tac t r i l n khai ap ^^
dijng gla khung va gia xich trong khai thac than H i m [6 '"'
vClng Quang Ninh "
Hien nay, d l khai thac cac ^ via than day trung binh (1,2 * ,^, 3,5m) thoai den nghieng (0 * 35°), cac mo h i m 16 viing Quang Ninh h l u het dang ap dgng cong nghe khai thac 16 ch(? chong giir bang cot thuy lye don (TLB) va xa kho-p.
Cong nghe nay c6 y u dilm la
khoang 50.000 + 110.000 T/nam); trong khi do dieu kien l^m vi^c va myc do an todn con han c h l . D^c biet, do vi chong TLD chi la cac dan the khong c6 kha nang t y dimg vu-ng chi lien
2001 2002 2005 20O4 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2 0 U 2012 201J 2014 201:
Hinh 1. Co c6u sin lu^ng than hSm Id trong TKV giai doan 2001 * 2015
CN Khic - cdng nghe khSc, TLB -thOyli/c dan; PT+NN - phin ting, ngang nghieng, GTL- giA thUy lire; GK-^GX - gi& khung vd gii xich
KIICNM s o 6/2016 * CNKT H.\M LO
Thong tin khoa hpc c6ng ngh$ mo
Bing 1. Dae tinh ky thuSt cOa mdt s6
TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Thong so ky thuat
Chieu cao cua g\A Khoang c^ch tSm gia Chieu r6ng g i ^ Chieu ddi giS S6 cot thuy i y c G6c doc 16 cho Goc d6c theo phyong Lye ch6ng
Don vi
m mm mm mm cai at do Tan
loai gii khung thOy tl/c
So luvng ZHUOO/
16/24Z 1 , 6 ' 2 , 4
1020 960 2950 4 S36
<15 160
ZH1600/
ie/24ZL 1 , 6 - 2 , 4
1040 960 3130 4
£ 3 5
< 1 6 160
ZH1600/
ie/24F 1 , 6 * 2 , 4
1000 840 2542
4
< 4 5
< 1 5 160
ZH2000/
15/35Z 2,1 * 3 , 5
1020 960 3200 4
< 3 5
< 1 2 200
GK/ieoo/i .6/2.4/HT 1 , 6 * 2 , 4 1020
960 2950 4
< 3 5
<15 160
GK/ieOO/1 .e/2.4/HTD 1,6 + 2,4
1000 840 2742 4
£45
<16 160
BSng 2. DSc tinh ky thu$t cua mot
TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
CAc thdng so
Chlgu cao gici ch6ng Chi§u dsi g\A ch6ng ChlSu iQng gid chong Khoang cSch tarn gia S6 lyong cOt chong G6c doc 16 cho cho phep G6c e l m theo phyong Lye chong
sd loai gi^ thuy lifc Mn kSt xich
Bon vi
m m m m c6t d6 36 tan
S o / t r o n g ZH2400/24/32/ZL
2,4 * 3,2 2 , 1 6 * 2 , 9 6 1.2 1.0;1.25;1,5
4
£ 4 5 15 240
ZH2200/16/24/ZL 1 , 6 - 2 4 2 , 1 6 * 2 , 9 6
1,2 1,0;1,25;1,6
4
£ 4 5 15 220
ZH1S00/ie/24/ZL 1,6*2.4
2,76 1,2 1,25 4
£ 4 5 15 180 ket vai nhau thong qua he thfing vang chuy§n
g6 doc tuyen 16 chp", trong tru'ang ho-p goc doc Ian, CQt bi m i t ap Iyc (do r6ng noc, cpt hong khong kiem scat) d i dan tai nguy ca tut do 16 chQ- gay tai nan. Do v§y, khi chieu day vfa bien dOng lo'n han pham vi lam viec cua cgt TLO, 16 cho" phai khau bam vach va bo lai phkn than gan trg via gay t6n that lo'n.
Gia khung (GK), gia xich (GX) da du-p-c tri§n khai ap dung tai cac mo h i m 16 vung Quang Ninh khoang 10 nam nay (gia khung tu- nam 2006; gia xich tO nam 2009), tuy nhien, chu y§u trong cac sa do cong nghe khai thac c6 hg tran thu hoi than noc doi vo'i dieu kien cac via than day, goc doc den 45° de dan thay the cac 16 chQ- gia thuy Iyc XDY. L6 chg ch6ng giu' bang gia khung, gia xich da c6 cac chitieu kinh te ky thuat tot nhu-: san lu-g-ng khai thac tir 80.000 -^ 180.000 tin/nam, mot vai tru'ang hp'p da dat tai 230.000 tan/nam (tgi Cong ty than Thong Nhat); nang
suat lao dong da dat 4,3 ^ 6,5 tan/cong [3]; clii phi g6 cho 10OOtIn than tu-1,4 - 1,7m^ ton thit than tu" 17 ^ 28%. Gia khung, gia xich la cac logi thiet bi chong giCr 16 chQ- cho phep ap dung trong di^u ki$n via than c6 chilu day tCr 1,8 ^ 10m, thoai den nghieng (a < 45**). Chi4u cao kh^u gu'ang cua gia trung binh tu" 1,8 -^ 2,2m, c6 thi den 3,5m, tuy thugc vao thilt bj gia ch6ng lya chon (bang 1 va bang 2). Do d6, gia khung, gia xich hoan toan c6 the thay t h I cpt thuy Iyc don trong vi0c ch6ng giO cac 16 chp" kh§u het chilu day via.
Danh gia, so sanh vigc ap dgng gia khung va gia xich khai thac via day trung binh, thoai din doc nghieng so vai 16 chp' thuy Iyc dan cho thiy, cong ngh? khai thac 16 cho" chong giu' bang gi^
khung, gia xich c6 nhOng u-u di§m vu-pt trpi, gom:
- Gia chong c6 sCrc khang tai cao, dam bao an toan trong chong giu-: Tijy thupc vao ma hi$u
KHCNM S6 6/2016 * CNKT HAM LO
Chao mCfng 91 nam Ngay Bao chi CSch mang Viet Nam
"W
Bing 3. So s^nh c6c chi ti&u kinh t4 ky thu§t Id ch(? TLO v^ gi^ ^ f ^^°^9 khung do- hoac xich lien khung trong tSiSu ki$n khai th^c via day trung binh ket, hgn che du-ac nguy ca d6 16 do
r6ng noc hoac cot chdng m^t ap vi hu* hong, qua do nang cao du-p-c mu-c d6 an toan va cai thien di§u kien lam vi^c cho ngu'6'i lao dgng trong khi vai cac logi vi chong thuy Iyc dan hoac gia thuy Iyc di dgng XDY n§u xay ra rong noc, cpt chong mat ap Iyc se gay do vi chong. Ket qua danh gia cong tac an toan trong nhfrng nam qua da chi ra rang, tong so vy tai nan lao dpng cung nhu" so ngu'O'i chet do tai ngn lao dgng xay ra nhi§u nhat trong cac 16 chg" khai thac ki^u bu6ng va cac 16 chg- chong cpt thuy Iyc dan [2] do khoi lu-p-ng cong viec phai thyc hien thu cong lo'n, di4u kien lam vigc va mi/c do an toan c6n hgn che nhu* da phan tich.
- Cong tac cung cap djch tuan hoan nen giam chi phi dau nhu hoa so vai cac 16 chp thuy Iyc dan.
Thong ke tai mot s6 16 chp* tai cac mo h§m 16 vung Quang Ninh cho thly, chi phi dau nhu hoa cho 16 chp- gia khung, gia xich khoang 15-5-25 kg/1000 t i n than khai thac, trong khi vo'i 16 chp thuy Iyc dan la 100 ^ 160 kg/1000 t i n (cao gap 6 -^ 7 lln).
- Cac gia khung va gia xich c6 kha nang che chan noc Ion han vi thuy Iyc dan, cho phep logi bo hoan toan g6 chen va lu-ai thep nen giam du'p'c chi phi, cung nhu* khoi lu-png vat tu" phai van ehuyen hang ca.
T6ng hap chi phi cua cac 16 cha thuy Iyc dan trong TKV cho thay chi phi g6 chen khoang 15 ^ 20m^/1000 t i n than, chl phi lu-di thep (tru'O'ng hpp trai lu-ai n6c) khoang 500 - 1400 kg/1000 tan than trong khi vai 16 cha gia khung chinh t h i va gia xich khong tieu hao cac chl phi nay. So sanh cac chi tieu kinh te ky thuat cua 16 cha si> dung TLD va 16 chg gia khung trong ciing di4u kien ap dyng (bang 3) cho thay, cac tieu hao vat tu- cua 16 chg su" dung GK d§u thip han 16 chg SLP dung 7 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 16
Ten chi tieu
Chi^u day via trung binh Goc d6e via trung binh Trpng iyong the tich cua than Chilu dai 16 cho trung binh San Iyong l<hai th^e mpt chu ky So ca ho^n th6nh mpt chu ky San Iyong m6t ngSy dSm San Iyong th^ng C6ng suat 16 chp So e6ng nh^n 16 chp Nang suit iao dpng trye ti6p Chi phi thuoc no Chi phi kip no Chl phi Iy6i th6p Chi p h i d l u nhu hod Chi phigO
Bon vi
m dp T/m' m T Ca
T T tin/nam
ngy6i tin/cpng kg/IOOOT cai/IOOOT kg/IOOOT kg/IOOOT m71000T
Ldchr^
GK 2,2 10 1,74 100 291 1,5 524 13.100 140 000
102 5,1 170 680 55 35 4
L6chg>
TLD 2,2 10 1,74 100 436 3 392 9 800 110.000
108 3,8 142 569 617 144 13
64 t5B%
75% 18
§2.
ess 33Deng lu: ~\B') lifong Eao msm <h3.
• L o t h o G K G X aLocKcrTL-:
^30 CNptiikhac T6ngc6ng
Hinh 2 Gici th^nh khai thSc 16 cho ma su- dung TLD va 16 chQ s£>
dung gii khung, khac nhau, cac gia khung va gia xich c6 kha nang mang tai tu-160 - 240 tan (tu'ang u-ng kha nang khang tai tu' 54 -^ 75 tan/m^) trong khi cac cpt thuy Iyc dan c6 kha n^ng chju tai tCr 20 - 30 t i n (tu'ang u-ng tu- 21 -r 31 tln/m=).
- Toan bg cac gia du-gc lidn ket vo'i nhau bang
mm CM-
KHCNM SO 6/2016 * CNKT HAM LO
Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o
TLD.
- Thao tac dieu khien cac linh ki#n thuy Iyc (cgt chong, cac xi lanh d l y nang tarn chan guang, ...) dan gian, nhanh ggn thong qua bp dieu khien t^p trung nen giam dugc th6'i gian hoan thanh chu ky khai thac, tO do nang cao san lu'gng khai thac va nang suat lao dpng.
Binh qu3n vai cac 16 chg thuy Iyc dan c6 chi^u dai 100m, moi luong khiu cin luan ehuyen thu cong khoang 17 t i n vi ch6ng va v^n ehuyen bo sung vao 16 chg khoang 370 kg lu-o"! thep, day la cong vi?c ngng nhpc, chi phi nhi^u th6'i gian va cong SLPC trong m6i chu ky khai thac. Th6ng ke thai gian hoan thanh cac cong dogn cua 16 chp thuy Iyc dan cho thiy cong tac chuyin vi chong tang cu'o'ng va thu h6i vi chong \ubng pha hoa chilm tCr 25 -^ 30%
tong thai gian khai thac mgt chu ky, day
60%
SOSi 4cr>
Locho&ijy li/cdon • tia khung, gi — Ty le gia ihanh khai ihk GK/TIO
H/n/7 3. Gi^ thanh khai th6c cua Id cho TLD v^ 16 chQ GK. GX
no BOO 100,000 80,000 bO.ODd
^0,000
20,0(1(}
a
o
Hinh 4. Tdng hop trU liK/ng via dcty trung binh theo chi&u diy vi gOc d6c (T) khoang thai gian khong san xuat than da lam yeu to nay 16 ctip' GK, GX d^u dat th^p tion 16 tang chi phi san xuat va giam nang su^t lao chg' su- dung TLO do nang su^t iao dOng cao va dpng: doi voi cong tac kiiau chong luong gu^ong, mi>c d6 tieu hao vat t y thip. Mgc du cd myc chi phi cho thoi gian ch6ng giu" cung chiem ti> kiiau hao co ban cao g l p 1,6 ian va chi phi dpng 30 ^ 40%. Trong khi vo'i cac 16 chg" si> dung gia Iyc cao gap 6,8 Ian 16 ciip' TLD do t6ng myc diu khung, gia xich kiiong chi cho phep giam toi da ty va thi4t bj dien c6 cong su^t Ion hon, tuy thoi gian di ehuyen va ch6ng giy 16 chg ma con nhien trong cc c^u gia thanh cac chi phi nay logi bo dygc c6ng tac chong tang cyo'ng va thu chiem ty trpng khong dang k l .
hoi vi pha hoa khoi quy trinh khai thac, cai thien Ngoai ra, danh gia xu hyong thay doi gia ro rgt dilu kien lam viec cho ngyo'i lao dong thanh khai thac cua cac 16 chg trong TKV tit nSm Phan tich cac yeu t6 trong gia thanh phan 2010 + 2014 (hinh 3) cho thay, 16 chg sO dyng xyo'ng khi khai thac via day taing binh, thoai den GK, GX c6 myc do tang tnj'O'ng gia thanh khai nghieng cua 16 chg sy dung GK, GX va 16 chg thac th^p han 16 chg sO dyng TLD, dst dypc sy dgng TLB trong dieu kign tai mo Nam May dieu nay do nang su^t lao dpng cao, tieu hao v|t (hinh 2) cho thly hai yeu t6 c6 ty trpng Ign nhat t y thap do vay anh hygng bo'i cac ylu t6 d^u trong gia thanh ia vat li?u va tien lygng, 6 ca hai vao den gia thanh th^p hgn. Do do, gi^ thanh
KHCNIVI s o 6/2016 • CNKT HAM LO
Chao m y n g 91 nam Ngay Bao chi Cach mang Viet Nam
khai thac cua 16 chg GK, GX nhOng nam gan day lien tuc giam so vci 16 d i g sir dgng thuy Iyc dcm, tu- 93% nam 2010 xuong con 70% tinh den h^t nam 2014.
3. K§t luan
Vcri nhOng uu di^m cua gia khung hoac gia xich nhu" da phan tich cho thay, viec ap dgng cong ngh# khai thac su- dgng gla khung, gia xich thay the cot TLD trong di^u kien cac via day trung binh, thoai d^n nghieng la phu hgp va se gop phIn phat triln t)^n vung cho cac mo h i m 16 cua TKV, nhit la trong xu t h I yeu c l u san lu'gng than khai thac va mijc dp an toan lao dgng ngay mpt cao.
Ket qua danh gia tdng hgp tn> lu-gng theo cac mien chieu day va goc d6c (hinh 4) cho thIy, tri>
lu'gng cac khu vyc vfa day trung binh 2,21 -^
3,5m, thoai d i n nghieng chilm ty trpng Ian nhat (120 trieu tan, chiem 50,4% tong tri/ lu'gng via day trung binh d6c d i n 45°), tiep do, la cdic khu vyc via day trung binh 1,61 -^ 2,2m, thoai den nghieng khoang 51 trieu tan (21,6%) va khu vyc via day trung binh d6c nghieng d i n 45". Tren ca sa d^c tinh ky thuat cua thIet bi va dac diem dieu ki0n dia d i l t - ky thuat cua mo, c6 t h I sO dgng cac loai gia khung (khi via cd g6c doc on djnh den on dinh trung binh) hole gia xich (khi via c6 goc doc on djnh trung binh d i n khong on (^nh) d§ diong giO Id chg theo tCmg pham vi chieu day va goc doc via nhu* sau:
- C^c khu vyc via day trung binh tu- 1,6 - 2,2m, thoai d i n nghieng, c6 tti§ su- dgng cac loai gia khung chinh the ZH1600/ 16/24Z, ZH1600/
16/24ZL, GK/1600/1.6/2.4/HT hogc gia xich ZH2200/16/24/ZL. ZH1800/16/24/ZL.
- C^c khu vyc via day trung binh 1,6 -^ 2,2m, doc nghieng ti> 35 - 45°, c6 tong tru- lu-gng khoang 16 tri§u t i n , chilm 6,7% t6ng trO lu'gng dia chit huy (5gng c6 t h I ap dgng cac loai gia klxingphan1heZH1600^1ffl24F, GK/1600/1.6/2.4/HTD
hole gia xichZH2200/16/24/ZL, ZH1800/16/24/ZL.
- Cac khu vyc via day trung binh 2,21 ^ 3,5 m, thoai d i n nghieng, c6 t h I sir dung gia khung chinh the ZH2000/15/35Z. Khu vyc via day tnjng binh 2,21 -*- 3,5m, d i e nghieng 35 - 45", c6 the sir dgng gia xich ZH2400/24/32/ZL.
Nhu* vay, tO nhCrng phan tich, danh gia neu tren, c6 the khang ^ n h viec sir dgng gia khung hole gia xich thuy Iyc de thay the cho cac 16 chg thuy Iyc dan, cho phep nang cao san lu'gng khai thac, nang cao nang suit, giam gia thanh, cai thien dilu kien lam vi^c va nang cao mirc dp an toan lao dpng.
Then khai su* dgng gia khung ho|c gia xich thay t h i cgt chg thuy Iyc dan trong dieu kien hi$n nay la hoan toan kha thi do cong nghe da dugc triln khai tai hau het cac mo h i m 16 cua TKV, dpi ngu can bg va cong nhan da v | n hanh thuan thuc va c6 nhieu kinh nghiem trong dilu hanh va san xuat./.
Tai lieu than khao:
1. Tran Tuan Ngan (2008), Nghien cCni phan tich danh gia tai nan lao dpng chet nguui trong khai thac than va de xuat cac giai phap tong hop nang cao mifc do dam bao an toan lao dong, Vi0n Khoa hgc Cong nghe Mo.
2. Tran Tuan Nggn (2008), Di/ an dau tirduy tri ap dung cong ngh0 khai thac chong giO bang gi^ khung di dgng - gia xich cho via day trung binh, doc thoai va nghieng - Cong ty than Nam Mlu, Vien khoa hgc Cong ngh^ Mo.
3. Nguyin Anh Tuin (2008), Nghien cim ap di^ng cong ngh$ f<hai thac su- dung gia khung di dpng cho diSu ki$n khoang sang than vung Quang Ninh, \fi#n Khoa hpc Cong ngh# Mo.
4. Tap do^n Cong nghipp Than - Khoang san Viet Nam, B^o cao tong hop cac chitieu kinh te ky thuat mo cac nam (tie 2001 -^ 2015) cua T$p doan Cong nghiep Than - Khoang sin Vi§t Nam, Quang Ninh.
KHCNM s o 6/2016 * CNKT HAM LO
