KINH NGHliM-THI/C TliN if/
ITNG DUNG CHtr KY SO
TRONG PHAT HANH VAN BAN DIEN TlT Cr CAC CO QUAN HANH CHINH NHA N l / d C
Trin Van Hi^p*
Tom tdt: ifng dung chir ky sd (CKS) trong phdt hdnh vdn bdn dien tu trong cdc ca quan hdnh chinh (CQHC) nhd nude la mot trong nhiing nhiem vu quan trpng. Bdi viet lam ro bdn chdt cda CKS, lai ich ung dung CKS, quy dinh lien quan den phdt hdnh vdn bdn dien tir ndi chung vd CKS ndi rieng; hudng ddn ddng ky vd su dung CKS tgi cdc CQHC nhd nude.
Tir khoa: chir ky sd, vdn bdn dien tu, hdnh chinh nhd nude
Abstract: The application of digital signatures in issuing electronic documents in state administrative agencies is one of those specific tasks. The article clarifies the nature of digital signatures, the application benefits ofigital signatures, regulations relating to the issuance of electronic documents in general and igital signatures in particular; guide the registration and use ofigital signatures at state administrative agencies.
Keywords: digital signatures, electronic documents, state administration
Ngdy nhgn bdi: 22/10/2018 Ngdy sira bdi: 08/11/2018 Ngdy duyet ddng:03/l2/2018
1. Khdi qudt ve chu* ky so trong phat hanh van ban difn td
CKS cdn cd ten gpi Id chdng thu sd, dupe hieu la mdt dang chu ky dien tii. Id mdt thilt bi dupe ma hda tat ca cac du lieu, thdng tin cua mpt CO quan, td chde dimg d l ky thay cho chu ky tten cdc loai van bdn va tai lieu sd thyc hi?n ttong cac giao djch dien tu qua mang internet.
Dd hilu han, CKS thyc chit Id su ma hda thdng tin thdng qua mdt he thdng ky tii duac thdng nhdt nham thyc hien cdc giao djch tten mdi trudng di^n tu. Theo doi tupng su dung, CKS cd 02 loai gdm ca quan/td chuc va ca
nhan.
Nguyen tac su dyng CKS la phai gan kem van ban di?n tii; van bdn dien tu dupe ky sd phdi dam bao tinh xac thuc, tinh toan v^n ttong sudt qud trinh ttao ddi, xd ly vd luu tiii van ban dien tu dupe ky sd.
Lpi ich cua ung dung CKS ttong phat hdnh van ban di?n td tgi cdc CQHC nha nude dupe thd hien d mdt sd diem sau:
Thir nhdt, tdng tdc dp xie ly thdng tin ddp img duac yeu cdu hogt dong qudn ly
Thi ky XXI la thi ky cua thdng tin, thdng tin da vd dang thi hien vai ttd la tai sdn quy hiem. "Cdng nghe blockchain" ngdy cang
*ThS. Phan hieu Trudng Dgii hpc Noi vu Hd Npi tgi linh Quang Nam
60 I Tap chi Khoa hoc Noi vu
VX KINH NGHliM - THi/C TliN I vupt ttdi, dy bao ttong thap ky tdi cudc cdch
mgng cdng nghe thdng tin se tdc ddng vd thay ddi mgnh me nhieu mat ciia ddi sdng.
Cdc CQHC Id td chuc cd chde nang qudn ly xa hdi ndi chung nen ddi hdi bat bupc nd phai til ddi mdi, cai tiln d l theo kjp tinh hinh va yeu cau ddt ra. Vdi khdi lupng thdng tin ldn, tdc dp xu ly nhanh, ddi hdi phdi cd mdt phuang thdc phu hpp. Vdi su dyng CKS, thay vi phat hanh van bdn mang tmh truyin thdng, lupng thdng tin den ddi tupng thudng cham hon vd cd kha nang xdy ra thit thoat, mit mdt thdng tm; vdi dudng truyin chu ylu Id email, phdn mem quan ly van bdn (ddi vdi cac co quan cd su dung chung he thdng), thdng tin van ban sau khi phdt hanh cd thi din ddi tuang tiep nhan ttong khodng thdi gian ngan nhat, dupe tinh bdng phut thay vi ngay nhu trudc ddy.
Ro rang, vdi tinh nhanh chdng nhu tten, hieu qua quan ly duac ndng len dang kd, nhit Id nhung hd sa quan ttpng, lien quan den quyen va loi ich cua cdng dan, ca quan, td chuc vd ca nhan khdc. Tuy nhien, CKS ciing ed mat tdn tgi ciia nd, rage du thdng tin ca quan, dan vj phat hanh dupe the hien tten CKS, tuy nhien tinh chinh thdng cua nd vdn dang dupe xem xet, cdn nhieu y kien khdc nhau chua thdng nhdt nen nhieu van ban quan ttpng can phdi thyc hien thdng quan dudng truyen thdng, cd the su dyng song song ca hai (vua truyen thdng, vua hien dgi).
Thir hai, ddng bd hda vd thdng nhdt viec sir dung cdc phdn mem dien tir
CKS dupe xem la rapt ttong nhiing chia khda hiru hieu de thyc hien thing nhit cdc phdn mem dien tii hien nay; cdc phan mIm dupe xem nhu Id ha tang de trung chuyen thdng tm vdi he thdng CKS xdc thyc dp chinh
xac thdng tin do chinh co quan hoac ca nhan do ban hdnh.
Hien nay, he thdng cdng nghe thdng tin cdn tich hpp su dyng CKS d l phdt huy cdng dung bao gdm email, website va phin mIm qudn Iy van ban.
tTng dyng tten phdn mIm qudn ly van bdn, phdt hanh CKS giiip kiem soat chat che quy trinh, qudn ly, tra tim vd truy ttdch nhifm tung cdn bd, cdng chuc, vien chde dupe d l dang, vdi timg khdu vd lupng thdi gian cu thi giup lanh dao ddnh gid hieu qua va nang suat lara viec cua tiing ngudi dudi quyen.
Thic ba, tiet kiem chi phi
So vdi phat hanh van ban truyin thdng, ngoai thdi gian de Idm thii tiic phdt hdnh van ban di (photo, ddng ddu, lay phong bi, gdi buu dien,...); chi phi phdt sinh ciing giam ddng k l tii 80 - 90%, vi van ban do cac CQHC nhd nude phdt hdnh chu yeu la van ban hdnh chinh thdng thudng nhu cdng van, thdng bao, bao cao,... nen sd lupng van bdn cdn gdi bdng dudng truyen thdng gidm dang ke.
Ldy mdt vi dy de Idm ro tinh hieu qua cua su dyng van bdn truyen thdng: Sd Npi vy TP.Hd Chi Minh td chuc Hdi nghj Cdng tac Van thu, Luu trii hdng nam, mdi dupe 707 ca quan thudc ngudn nop luu tham dy.
Cac van ban dupe gui den cac co quan gdm giay mdi, thdng bdo, bdo cdo ket qud, tdi li$u khac lien quan. Chi tinh rieng phat hanh thu mdi, sd Ndi vy TP da tiet kiem dupe gin 1,5 trieu ddng cho mdt lan td chuc (bao gdm tien phong bi, buu dien, myc in, photo,...) so vdi phat hanh van ban bang cdch truyin thing.
Quy trinh phat hanh CKS don gidn: sau khi van bdn dupe ky ban hanh, van thu co quan tien hdnh photo van bdn do de luu hd so (thudng 02 - 05 bd), ddng dau, sao chyp vdn
611 Tap chi Khoa h p c Npi vu
KINH NGHliM-THi/C TliN Mf
bdn (scan), ky CKS vao van ban, sao do phat hdnh van bdn di. Nhu vay, rapt van ban thdng thudng nlu dupe phdt hdnh van CKS thi chi phi gidm dang kl, cd thi cit gidm dupe 90%
chi phi.
Thir tu, thay doi tu duy, ddi mdi phong cdch lam viic, tdng cudng tinh trdeh nhiim cua cdn bp, cdng chiec trong gidi quyet hd sa cho cdng ddn nhdm thich img cupc cdch mgng cdng nghiip 4.0 hiin nay
Vdi dac thii nen hdnh chinh mang tinh thd bgc, tinh quy cu cao, sy nang ddng so vdi tu nhdn cdn ban che, nhieu ngudi Idm viec lau nam ttong he thdng hanh chinh dd cao tinh dn djnh, cham rai so vdi yeu cdu cdng viec de ra, din dan tao tam ly y lai, chdm thay ddi nhat la tu duy bien che eua khdng it cdng chuc, vien chuc tai cdc CQHC nhd nude.
Bang vi?c phdt bdnh CKS, ddi hdi ngudi Idm ttong cdc CQHC nhd nude phai nang dpng, thudng xuyen van dOng, ehu dpng gidi quylt cdng viec de ra; thudng xuyen cdp nhdt thdng tm tten he thdng email, phan mem quan ly van bdn de biet xu ly kip thdi; lupng thdi gian cho phep timg quy trinh cy the, hd sa thy ly cdn dupe xu ly ttong khudn thdi gian cho phep (mdt sd viec dupe dua thdnh quy trinh ISO), do do ddi hdi ngudi lam ttong cac CQHC phdi theo ddi, xd Iy kjp thdi khdng de tti hen.
2. Quy dinh ve sd dung chu- ky so trong cac Ctf quan hanh chinh nha nude
Ca sd phdp Iy quy djnh sd dung CKS ttong phdt hdnh van bdn dien tii:
- Luat Giao dich dien td nam 2005;
-Nghi dinh 26/2007/ND-CP ngay 15/02/2007 eua Chinh phu quy djnh chi tilt thi hanh Lugt Giao dich dien tii v l CKS va dich vu chiing thyc CKS;
- Thdng ttr sd 41/2017/TT-BTTTT ngdy 19/12/2017 ciia Bd Thdng tin va Truyin thdng quy dinh su dyng CKS cho van bdn dien tii ttong ca quan nhd nude;
- Quylt djnh sd 28/2018/QD-TTg ngay 12/7/2018 cua Thu tudng Chinh phu v l viec gui, nhan van bdn dien td giiia cac co quan ttong he thong hanh chinh nha nude.
Ngoai ra cdc van ban lien quan den cdi each hdnh chinh (ndi dung lien quan den hien dai hda nin hdnh chinh).
Quy djnh sd dyng CKS ttong phdt hanh van bdn dien td:
Theo Quylt dinh so 28/2018/QD-TTg ngdy 12/7/2018 cua Thu tudng Chinh phu ve viec giii nhdn van ban dien tii giiia cdc ca quan ttong he thdng hdnh chinh nhd nude, quy dinh:
Ddi tupng dp dyng Id cac co quan Bd, ca quan ngang bp, ca quan thudc Chinh phii; Uy ban nhan dan cdc cap vd cdc ca quan, don vi true thudc (gpi chung la bd, nganh, dia phuong). Nhu vdy cde CQHC nhd nude bat budc phdi thuc hien viec nhan, gdi van ban dien td giira cdc co quan ttong he thdng hdnh chinh nha nude.
Cdc ndi dung chinh cua Quyet dinh sd 28/QD-TTg: Nguyen tdc nhdn, gdi van bdn dien tii dupe quy djnh tai Dieu 5; Quy trinh nhdn, gdi van ban dien td dupe quy djnh tai Chuong II. Trong do cd de cap den sd dung ky sd (CKS) ttong phat hanh van bdn vd kiem tta tinh xac thuc cua van bdn dien tii khi nhan (ttong dd cd kiem tta CKS).
Theo Thdng ttr sd 41/2017/TT-BTTTT ngay 19/12/2017 cua Bd Thdng tin vd Truyin thdng quy djnh su dung CKS cho van bdn dien tii ttong ca quan nha nude
Thdng tu nay dupe dp dung dli vdi cdc
62 I Tan chi Khoa hoc Noi vn
VC^. KINH NGHliM - THi/C TliN i CO quan, td chuc (bao gdm: cdc Bp, co quan
ngang Bd, ca quan thudc Chinh phu, Uy ban nhan dan cdc cip, cac dan vi sy nghiep su dyng ngan sach nha nude) va td chde, cd nhdn lien quan su dyng CKS cho van bdn dien td cua CO quan nhd nude.
Ndi dung chinh ciia Thdng tu tap trung d Chuong 11 quy dinh v l ky sd, kilm tta CKS tten van bdn dien tu ttong ea quan nha nude.
Nhu vay, cac CQHC nha nude bit phai thyc hien viec nhan, gui van bdn dien tii giua cac ca quan ttong he thdng hanh chinh nha nude. Trong dd cd d l cap din sd dung CKS ttong phdt hanh van bdn vd kilm tta tinh xdc thyc cua van bdn dien tii khi nhdn (trong dd cd kiem tta CKS).
3. Hudng dan dang ky va su- dung chir ky so tai cac co* quan hanh chinh nha nude
Hudng dan ve dang ky chii ky sd:
- Ddi vdi cdc CQHC dja phuang: Cdc co quan thude pham vi dieu chinh (ddi tupng bat bupc hoac dupe khuyen khich su dyng CKS) lam Cdng van dang ky va d l nghj cip CKS cho ca quan hoac cd nhan (lanh dao) theo nhu cdu den ca quan nhd nude cd tham quyen.
Ca quan Idm ddu mdi tdng hpp vd de xudt cap CKS tai dja phuang la Sd Thdng tin va Truyen thdng cdc tinh, thdnh phd tryc thudc trung uong.
Ca quan tryc tiep dupe giao nhi?m vy cap va quan ly CKS la Trung tam Chiing thyc dien tii qudc gia thudc Bp Thdng tin va Truyen thdng.
- Ddi vdi cac CQHC trung uang: Co quan dau radi Id dan vi chuydn ttdch ve cdng ngh§
thdng tin ciia cac Bd, co quan ngang bO, co quan thudc Chinh phu tdng hop gui Cdng van d l nghj Trung tam Chiing thyc dien tii qudc
gia cap CKS theo ddi tupng cd dang ky.
Hudng din ve quan ly vd su dyng CKS tai cac CQHC nha nude:
Nghj djnh sd 99/2016/ND-CP ngay 01/7/2016 ciia Chinh phu vl qudn Iy vd su dyng con ddu Id van bdn phdp ly quy dinh rd viec qudn ly va su dung con dau. Vl su dyng CKS: Van thu ea quan la ngudi dupe giao nhiem vy quan ly CKS nen se la ngudi tryc tiep thyc hien ky ehu sd cua co quan cho vdn bdn dien tir phdt hdnh ciia ca quan sau khi cd sy ddng y vd chap thuan cua thu trudng ca quan.
Van bdn sau khi hoan thien ve the thuc va ndi dung se chuyen Van thu ca quan thyc hien thu tyc phdt hanh van bdn. Cd hai hinh thue phdt hdnh dien tit nhu sau:
- Khdng in ra giiy: van bdn dupe chu chuyen hoan todn bang dudng dien tii, cd chu ky nhdy (bdng CKS) cua ngudi cd thira quyen thudng Id Trudng phdng Hanh chinh vd Thu trudng ea quan. Thdng qua phan mem qudn ly van ban, quy trinh van ban luu lai khd rd qua trinh thyc hien van bdn do (thdi gian, y kien lien quan,...) nen cac cd nhan tham gia quy trinh xu ly van ban khdng the ehdi bd ttach nhiem neu cd vdn de xdy ra. Tu npi bd CO quan hodn thdnh vdn bdn den khi phdt hanh hodn toan thuc hien qua phan mem qudn Iy van ban dd.
Phuang thdc nay cd uu diera la thuc hien hoan toan qua phdn mIm nen khdng ton chi phi hanh chinh khac (giay, myc in,...), thdi gian dupe ddm bdo, ttdch nhiem cua cac nhan lien quan dupe de cao, dam bdo thdi gian quy trinh thu tuc hdnh chinh.
Tuy nhien, hien nay phuang thdc nay chua dupe dp dyng rdng rai bdi cac Iy do sau: van
63 I Tap chi Khoa hpc Noi vu
KINH NGHliM-THi/C TliN ^sr
bdn hudng dan ve each thuc thyc hien va tinh phap Iy chua dii nhat la cac ITnh vyc lien quan den thul, tdi chinh, ke todn,...; y thuc ciia co quan vd lanh dgo co quan chua dupe ddnh ddng, van xera dd la nhiem vu binh thudng va cd tdm Iy "tten lam sao dudi lara vay";
ngoai ra ly do khdch quan chinh yeu vdn Id co sd ha ting chua ddng bp nen qud trinh tridn khai chua thyc hien dupe (phdi cd phdn mem xu ly van bdn thyc hien thdng qua dudng mettonet), de cd phan mem nay ddi hdi cdc dan vi thupc ddi tupng cho phep theo quy djnh cua Sd Thdng tin vd Truyin thdng.
- In ra gidy vd trinh ky: van bdn sau khi hodn thien, Van thu ca quan in ban gde chinh sua ldn cudi, kem theo Phieu trinh van ban gui Thu trudng co quan ky ban hanh vd phdt hanh nhu van ban truyen thdng.
Chi khdc la sd lupng ban phdt hdnh phai photo ban che tdi da. Van thu ca quan thudng in bdn goc, 01 bdn chinh luu hd so, 01 bdn chinh giao Igi cho bd phdn tham mim soan thdo van bdn va mdt sd bd p h ^ bat budc phdi cd nhu ke toan de 1dm thu tuc thanh todn tgi Kho bac Nhd nude, Van thu ca quan tien hanh scan vd thuc hien quy trinh ky sd vdo sau dd phdt hanh qua dudng dien tu.
Uu diem cua phuang phap ndy Id phu hop vdi dgc diem cdc co quan, van hda CQHC, dl thyc hien, thilt thyc, tilt kiem dang k l chi phi van ddm bao cd hd sa giao nop luu tru theo quy dinh, tich hpp tinh hien dai vdn kilm sodt dupe quy tiinh sogn thdo va ban hanh van ban, don vi nhgn; cd thi tich hpp su dung qua cdc phuang ti?n khdc ngoai phin ralm van bdn, email van cd the sd dyng, do do phdt huy tdt ban hieu qud phat hanh van bdn dipn td.
Day la phuong thdc pho biln va dupe nhilu
CQHC hien nay dp dung.
Tdm lgi, iing dyng CKS ttong phat hanh van ban di?n tu ciia cac CQHC nhd nude mang lai nhieu hieu qua thiet thyc, dera lgi nhilu Ipi ich to Idn nhu tang tdc dp xu ly thdng tin, day ragnh iing dyng cdc phdn mIm dien tii, tiet kiem chi phi, thay ddi phuang thdc lam vi^c mdi,... gdp phdn thuc hien cd hieu qua chuang trinh cai each hanh chinh, tung budc hien dai hda nen hdnh chinh hi?n nay
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Lu|t Giao djch dien tu nam 2005.
2. Nghi dinh 26/2007/>ra)-CP ngay 15/02/2007 quy dinh chi tiet thi hdnh Luat Giao djch di^n tu ve chir ky so vd dich vu chung thuc chir ky so;
Nghj dinh s6 106/2011/ND-CP ngay 23/11/2011 cua Chinh phii vl sda doi, bd sung mdt sd dilu Nghi dinh sd 26/2007/ND-CP ngay 15/02/2007.
3. Nghj dinh sd 64/2007/ND-CP ngay 10/4/2007 ciia Chinh phu ve ung dung cdng ngh0 thdng tin trong hogt dpng cda ca quan nhd nude.
4. Quyet djnh sd 28/2018/QD-TTg ngay 12/7/2018 cua Thu tudng Chinh phil ve vi^c gdi nhdn vdn bdn diin td giira cdc ca quan trong he thdng hdnh chinh nhd nude.
5. Thdng tir s6 41/2017/TT-BTTTT ngay 19/12/2017 cua Bp Thdng tin va Tmyen thong ve quy dinh sir dung chir ky sd cho vdn bdn di$n td trong ca quan nhd nude.
6. Cong van sd 2994/UBND-KT ngay 18/5/2017 ciia UBND Tp.Hd Chi Minh vk phdt hdnh chd ky sd trong phdt hdnh vdn bdn diin tu.
7. Tran Van Hiep (2017) "Giao dich vdn bdn diin tir, budc ddu phdt huy hieu qud vd tiet kiim chi phi hdnh chinh tgi Chi cue Van thu - Lieu tri^', http://ccvtlt.sonoivu.hochirainhcity.gov.vn
64 I Tap chi Khoa hoc Noi vu