KHOA HQC C 6 N 0 WOHt
MDI OLIA[\l H £ P H A T 5IIVH LOAI CUA TRAI TAI TUQIVG [TRSDACIMA SPP-J a VOlVE BIEIV IVAIVI VA TRUIVG BO
VIET IXIAIVI
D$ng Thiiy BinhSNguyfin Tia Anh Thu^.Le 114 Mai Anh^
T6MTAT
Trai tai tupng Id raOt trong nhiing lodi nhuyJn th^ c6 gid tri kinh t^ cao. 4 lodi trai da dupe thu fhSp a vung biln Viet Nam (Vjnh VSn Phong vA C6n Ddo). Cay phdt sinh Io4i da dupe xSy dung di^ trfin 3 thu^t t o ^ Bayesian Inference. Maximum Parsimony vd Maximum Likelihood su dyng trinh h; gien 16S vi COI ciJa ADN ti thi cua T. crocea, T. squamosa, T. maxima v^ Tridacna sp. kit hpp v6i cAc trinh tu tu Ngan hdng Gien. Kit qua phdn tich dya trfin gien 163 AmtDN cho thdy trai tai tupng sdp xIp thinh 2 nh6m ddng dang tfieo 2 gidng Hippopus va Tridacna. TVong d6. T. crocea thi hi§n mdi quan h0 gdn gui han v6i T. squamosa, T. maxima xIp chung v6i T. costata vd Tridacna sp. T. gigas thi hi^n mdi quan h$ gdn gui v6i 7? derasa, T.
crocea vd T. squamosa dugc sdp xIp nhu nhdm gdn gui v6i 7? maxima vi T. costata vd nh6m niy c6 quan h$
g ^ gOi v6i 7? gigas vd T. derasa. 2 lodi t h u ^ gidng Hippopus (H. hippopus vd H. porcellanus) xIp chung 1 nhinh vdi d0 tin cdy cao. Phftn tich di;a trftn gien COI AmtDN cho th^y miSi quan h§ (T. squamosa-hT.
crocea), (Tridacna sp.), (T. maxima+T. gigas). T. derasacd vj tri phin I09I kh6ng xdc djnh.
Tukhda; Tridacna. 16SAmtDN. COI AmtDN. phit smh chung loii.
LBATViiiNfli
Trai tai tupng (hp Tridacnidae) la nhung lodi dgng vdt than mdm hai manh vd cd gid trj cao d' nhidu khia canh khdc nhau. Chiing dupe su dung rdng rai trong nudi cdnh va trang tri do cd kich thuoc ldn, mdu sdc Mioang vd da dang, sdc sd. Ngoai ra, thit trai dupe cho Id cd ham lupng dinh dudng cao, chua nhi^u axit beo khdng no madi ddi, axit amin can ^ e t ciing nhu cac nguySn to vi lupng (Nguyin Him Phung, 1995).
Trai tai tupng la ngudn gien qui hi^m cd gia trj kmh t l va giu vai trd quan trpng trong hh sinh thdi ran san hd (Kochzius va Niuyanto, 2008). Trong nhiing nam gan day, trai tai tupng la ddi tupng cua cdc hoat dpng nghiin cuu phuc hoi, tdi tao ngudn Ipi cua cac td chiic qudcti (Capenter etal.,2011).
Cf Vi&t Nam, trong nhi^u ndm gan ddy, ngudn lpi trai tai tupng dang bi suy gidm n ^ d m trpng, m6t sd loai CO nguy ca bj de dpa tuy^t chimg (Danh myc Sdch 56 Vi$t Nam, 2010). M ^ du da c6 mdt sd c6ng trinh
tich mdi quan h^ tiin hda vd da dang lodi (Grande vd CS, 2008). Cdc marker (chi thi) phdn tu chudn cua ADN ty thi thudng dupe sir dung Id cdc gien ma hda cytochrome b, 12S ArRN, 168 ArRN, AtRN-Val, vimg dilu khiln (Control region)... vd mot sd vimg khdng md hda nhu vung hin gien tmF-cox3, a^6-tmM, coxl-cox2. cox3-tmK, nadl-tmP. Vile su dung todn bd trinh h; ADN ty Ihl ciing nang cao d6 phan giai vd dd tin cdy thdng ke so vdi sir dyng timg doan gien rieng le (Bandyopadhyay vd cs, 2008). Chi thj phdn tii ciia ADN ti th^ (16S vd COI) vd ADN ribosome (18S r D N ^ da dupe su dung d l xdy dung mdi quan h i phat sinh lodi cua trai tai tupiig (Maruyama et al., 1998; Schneider vd O'Foighil, 1999; Nuryanto et al., 2007). Tuy nhiln, cho tdi nay mdi quan h i phdt sinh chung l o ^ cua cde lodi thupc gidng trai tai tuprng vdn chua dirpc giai quylt mot cdch trilt d l .
NghiSn ciiu nay nhdm khao sdt sir da dang sinh hpc vd mdi quan h§ phdt sinh lodi ciia trai tai bipng nghiin oiu liin quan din ngudn lpi vd cdng tdc phuc dvia tr6n cdc chi thj phdn tii cua ADN ti thi, cung cdp h6i, phat hiin ngudn lpi trai tai tupng (Nguyen et al.,
2011) nhung hdu nhu chua dupe thuc hi^n ddy du vd d6ng bd. Cdc nghidn ciiu v l ddc diim vd da dgng di truyin cua cde lodi trai tai tupng cdn rat han chi.
Ddi vdi ldp chdn byng Gastropoda, ADN ty t h i da dugc chiing minh Id cdng cu huu hi^u trong phdn
' Vifn Nghign curu Cong ngh§ Sinh hpc vi Mdi trucmg, Tnrong D^i hpc Nha Trang
^ Hgc vien cao hpc nginh Nudi trdng Thuy sin, Trudng D^i hpc Nha Trang
ngudn da li^u ddu vdo cho edng tdc bdo tdn vd quan Iy ngudn lpi.
I. V^T U$l VA PHUONG PHAP niGHfiy Ciiu 1. D|a d i ^ vd phuong phdp ttiu m&u Cdc lodi trai tai tupng dupe tiiu thdp tai cdc vung biln tiiudc khu virc Cdn Dao (Bd Rja - Vung Tdu) va vjnh Vdn Phong (Khdnh Hda) ndm 2011. Cdc mdu trai tai tupng sau dd dupe phdn logi dua tr^n cdc ddc diim hinh tiidi theo md td eiia Lucas (1966) vd Rosewater (1965). Qua khdo sdt t ^ 16 diim tiiu mhi (11 b Cdn Dao vd 5 dr vjnh Vdn Phong) cdc lodi trdi
I NdNG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRI^N N O N G T H O N - KV 1 - THANG 10/2012
75
KHOA HQC C O N G NGHt
nghien ciiu bao g6m; Tridacna maxima, T.
squamosa, T. crocea vk Tridacna sp. C4c c4 th^ trai diKTc gia trong nito I6ng vi bSo quin 6 -70"C. M6i loii c6 3 ck thi dupe chpn cho cSc nghiSn cihi phSn tuti^ptheo.
2. Tiich chi^t ADN v4 nhta gien bing k? thujt PCR ADN t6ng si dupe tich chift tir phin ma cir chan hojc ming 4o cua tung c4 thi trai tai lupng bang bo kit Wizard SV genomic DNA purification system (Promega) theo huAng din ctia nha sin xuit.
Doan gien 16S AmtDN dupe khu&h dai sir dung cSp m6i 16SF 5'-CCG GTC TG AAC TCA GAT CAC GT-3' va 16SR 5'-GTT TAC CAA AAA CAT GGC TT& 3' (Espiritu et al., 2001), gien COI AmtDN dupe khue-ch dai sir dung c9p m6i COI-Tricro-Frwd 5'- GGG TGA TAA TTC GAA CAG AA-3' va COI-Tricro- Rev 5'-TAG TTA AAG CCC CAG CTA AA-3' (Kochzius v i Nuryanto, 2008).
Phan ung PCR dupe ti^n hinh vfti tfing th^ tich 50 pi (bao g6m 20 ng khu6n ADN, Dream Taq buffer IX (Fermentat), 0,25 nM moi loai dNTP, 0,2 pM m6i m6i, 2 mM MgCl2 va 1 don vi Dream Taq polymeraza (Fermentat)) tren miy luin nhi^t Icycler (Bio-rad) theo chuong trinh nhi^t nhu sau: bi^n tinh ban ddu tai 94''C trong 3 phiit, ti^p theo la 35 chu ky ciia 9 4 ^ trong 40 giay, 47''C ddi voi gien 16S va 52"C trong 40 giiy doi voi gien COI, 72''C trong 90 giay va giai doan cudi a 72''C trong 5 phiit. San phSm PCR duoc didn di trdn gel agaroza 1,2% nhudm ethidium bromide. K^t qua dupe ghi nhan sir dung hi thdng ghi anh gel tu ddng Geldoc va phan m^m Quantity One" (Bio-rad).
Bing 1. Thdng tin trinh tir gien 16S,
3. Giii trinh ti; glen
Sin phim PCR dupe tinh sach bang bO kit PCR clean up system (Promega) theo hudng ddn ciia nha sin xuSt v i su dvmg l i m khudn trtic ti^p cho phin ling ti^n gidi trinh tu theo nguytn t i c dye-labelled dideoxy terminator (Big Dye® Terminator v3.1, Applied Biosystems) vdi c i c doan mdi nhu phin ling PCR theo chirong trinh nhi$t nhu sau: 96*C trong 20 giiy, 50'C trong 20 giiy v i 60'C U-ong 4 phiit. San phim phin img dupe phin tich trtn miy phan ticli trinh lu ti; ddng ABI Prism" 3700 DNA Analyser (Applied Biosystems). Cic trinh tu dupe k^t ndi bang phin mim Vector NTI v.9.
4. Phin tich mdi quan hi phit sinh loii ciia trai tai tupng
Trinh tu ciia cic loii trai tai tupng dupe xic nhan bang chuong trinh BLAST (http://blastncbi.
nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgh. Cic trinh ttr dupe chinh siia bing phin mim BioEdit 7.0.1 (Hall. 1999) vi dong hing bang phin m^m Clustal X v,1.8 CThompson va CS, 1997).
Phan tich phit sinh loii dupe thue hi^n dua tr^n trinh tu doan gien 16S AmtDN (4 loai trai thuoc nghidn ciiu hidn tai v i 11 trinh tu tu Genbank) vi COI AmtDN (4 loii tu nghidn ciiu hidn tai vi 6 loai ttr Genbank). Trinh ttr gien 16S v i COI AmtDN cua 2 loii Acanthocardia echinata v i A tuberculata ti Genbank dupe sii dung l i m nhdm ngoai vi theo Plazzi v i Passamont (2010) gidng Acanthocardia co quan h$ gan gui vdi gidng Tridacna. Thdng tin v^ cic trinh tv sir dting v i khu vpc p h t a bd dupe dinh bay a bing 1.
COI AmtDN ciia c i c loii trai tai tupng Loii
T. costata T. crocea T. derasa T. gigas T. maxima rsp.YCT-2005 T. squamosa Hippopus hippopus H. porcellanus Acanthocardia echinata A tuberculata
16S/ COI AmtDN AM909741 EU341348/JN392066 AF122976/ GQ166591 AF122975/EU003616 AM909752/FM244515 DQ119339/DQ168140 EU003615/JN392039 AM909765 AF122974/
EU733105/ EF528305 DQ632743/EU733168
Vung phin b^
Ai c a p (Bi^n Do Indonesia/Sinsapore Michigan, My/My Michigan, My/Indonesia Ai C$p (Bi^n Do) /Indonesia Dai Loan Bi^n Do/Singapore Philippine Michif^an, M^
Til li^u tham khio Richter va cs, 2007
DeBoer va cs, 2008; Neo va Todd, 2011 Schneider va O'Foighil, 1999; Plazzi va Passamonti. 2010
Schneider va O'Foighil, 1999; Nuryanto va cs.
2008
Richter va cs, 2007; Kochzius va cs, 2008;
TanRva Chen. 2005
Nuryanto v i cs, 2008; Plazzi va Passamonti, 2010
Kochzius va cs, 2007 Schneider v i Foighil, 1999 Kirkendale v a c s . 2009
DreyervafSteiner,2006;Kirkendalevics, 2009
76 N 6 N G NGHlfP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG T H 6 N - K t 1 - THANG lO/MU >
KHOA HGC C 6 N G NGHl
Phin tich dupe Hdn hinh dtra trdn 3 thujt toin maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML) va bayesian inference (BI) bing cic phin mdm PAUP 4.0 (Swofford, 2001) v i MrBayes 3.1.2 (Huelsenbeck v i Ronquist, 2001). Ddi vdi thuit toin MP, 1000 dp lip lai ngiu nhidn dirpe i p dyng. Tuy nhidn, ddi vdi thuit toan ML, dd lip lai la 100. Trude khi tien hinh thuat toin ML va BI, cic md hinh ti^n hoa dupe ki^m tra bing phin m^m Modeltest 3.7 (Posada v i Crandall, 1998) v i MrModeltest 2.2 (Nylander, 2004). Cic thdng sd vd md hinh vi thuat toin su dung dupe trinh biy a bing 2.
Bing 2. Cic thdng sd cua q u i trinh phin tich cic Irinh tii vi md hinh tidn hda (best-fit models) dupe lira chpn bdi phin m^m Modeltest 3.7, sir dyng tinh
ning Akaike Information Criterion Thongs6
Tong so trinh ti;
Tdng so nucleotit dong hang Vi tri khong doi Tl tri khong mang thdng tm Vj tn' mang thong tin Mo hinh tien h6a Tki suat can bing nucleotit
(A,C,G,T(
PliSnbdgama
16S AmtDN 14 417 272 19 126 TVMtltG 0,3078,0,1560 0,2537,0,2825 0.4275
COlAmUJN 10 499 294 53 152 K81uf+ItG 0.2612,0,1583 0.1842, 0.3963 0.14448 Ddi vdi thuit toin BI. c i c mo hinh thay thd dupe tinh toan. Chuong trinh dupe chay trdn 4 kdnh voi 1 tridu the hd vdi tan suit tinh toan trdn 100 the hd.
Phan tich dupe lip lai 2 lan dd xic dinh dp chinh xac cua phupng phip phin tich. Gia tri tin cay di^je bieu hien tren cic nhinh ciia cay tien hda (Huelsenbeck va Ronquist. 2001).
Gii tii bootstrap dupe tinh toin dd xic dinh tinh chinh xic ciia thuat toin MP v i ML vdi dp lip Iai lin lirot li 1000 v i 100 lan. Ciy da dang loii dupe hidn thj va hidu chinh bang phan mdm TreeView 1.6.6 (Page.
1996).
•.KErWriMillBiCUl 1. So sinh trinh bf
Trinh hj gien 16S AmtDN cua T. maxima va T.
crocea tuong tir voi trinh tir loii niy ttr Genbank (mi sd gien AM909752 a Indonesia v i EU341348 6 Singapore). Trinh ttr gien 168 cua T. squamosa co sit uong ddng vdi trinh h; ciia T. squamosa (EU003615
> Bidn Dd) la 99,3%. Tuy nhidn, trinh ti; (ky hidu Tridacna sp.) cd sir tuong ddng (10096 ddi vdi gien 16S) vdi Tridacna sp.YCT2005 (DQ119339) a Dii
Loan a a n g v i cs, 2005) dupe ghi nhin. Trinh h; niy cd svr tirong ddng vdi trinh bf loii T. maidma l i 95,3%.
Trinh tir gien COI AmtDN ciia T. maxima trong nghidn ciiu hidn tai hrong tir vdi ti-inh ti/ ciia loii nay d Genbank (FM244515 d Indonesia). Trinh bf gidng vdi loii Tridacna sp.YCT2005 (DQ68140) cung dupe ghi nhin, cd hinh h; hjong ddng li 98,7%. Trinh tir niy cd su hiong ddng vdi T. maxima li 86.9%. Trinh tir gien COI AmtDN cua loii T. squamosa vi T.
crocea cd su hiong ddng voi tiinh tir ciia 2 loii nay tii Genbank 0N392039 v i JN392066 d Singapore) lan lupt li 98.5% vi 97.9%.
2. Phin ti'ch mdi quan hd phit sinh loii dua trdn gien 16S AmtDN
Kdt qui phin tich dO lidu tiinh tir gien 16S AmtDN dua tidn phuong phip MP. ML vi BI cho kdt qui tuong tir vd ciy da dang loii. Kdt qua dupe trinh biy d hinh IA vdi ciy da dang loai tiiu dupe tii phin tich PR voi gii tri BT ciia thuit toin MP va ML dupe bidu hidn tidn cic nhinh.
Qua hinh IA ta thay cic loii tiai tai tupng phin thinh 2 nhinh. Nhinh 1 gdm cac loii thudc gidng Tridacna thd hidn su ddng dang (momophyletic group) vdi gii tii BT v i dp tin ciy cao (95% PR, PP).
Ciy phat sinh loai cho thay T. squamosa xep cimg nhanh vdi T. crocea (>70%). T. maxima Auac nhdm vdi T. costata va cd mdi quan hd gan giii vdi Tridacna sp... T. gigas vi T. derasa lip thanh nhdm ddng dang. Nhinh 2 l i 2 loii thudc gidng Hippopus {H. hippopus vaH. porcellanus).
3. Phin tich mdi quan hd phit sinh loii di/a trdn gien COI AmtDN
Ciy phit sinh loii (Hinh IB) dupe xiy dung tit gien COI AmtDN cho thiy mdi quan hd tuong tu giua T. squamosa vk T. crocea. Hai loii niy cd quan hd gin giii vdi Tridacna sp. T. gigas nhdm vdi T.
Maxima; T. derasa cd pi tri phin logi khdng xac djnh.
N.THAOUItN 1. So sinh trinh tv
Gien 16S v i COI AmtDN cho thiy sti da dang ti-ong loii thip v i giiia cic loii hrong ddi cao, rat phii hpp cho cic nghidn ciiu vd djnh danh v i xiy dung cay phit sinh loii a cic miic dd khic nhau. Trong nghidn cuu hidn tai, da phit hidn loii cd hinh thai rat
JONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG T H 6 N - KY 1 - THANG 10/2012
KHOA HQC C 6 N 0 N G H |
gidng vdi T. maxima nhung cho thiy hinh h; khic bidt khi ldn (4,7% gien 168 vi 13,1% gien COI). Trinh ti; niy cd str hiong ddng (100% ddi vdi gien 168 vi 98,7% ddi vdi gien COI) vdi Tridacna spYCT2005 thu oDii Loan. Tang vi cs (2005) phit hidn 2 dang hinh thii (Dang A vi dang B) cd su khic bidt vd mit dl tiuydn. Cic nghidn cuu cho thiy khdng cd hidn tupng lai giUa 2 dang niy. Dtia tidn cic din lidu hinh thii vi di tiuydn, nhdm nghidn ciiu kdt luin dang B cd i^ didm tuong tu vdi loii Tridacna maxima, trong khi dd dang A li mdt loii mdi thudc lidn gidng
Chametiachea (ky hidu Tridacna sp.YrC2005 tidngenebank). Vi viy, Tridacna sp. cQng cd thd cimg loii vdi Tridacna sp.YTC2005; si; khic bidt tiong tiinh tir COI AmtDN cd Uid li str bidn di di tiuydn do
cich ly dja 1^.
Loii T. maxima cd phin bd dja ly rdng nhat trong cic loii ti-ai tai tttpng. Loii niy phin bd tti bd bidn phia Ddng chiu Phi ddn phia Nam chiu A vi Idn ddn quin dio Polynesia cua Phip. Dudi tic ddng ciia cic nhin td Hdn hda nhu: ddt bidn, chpn lpc ti; nhidn, si; di chuydn gien, hay su cich ly vd khu vt;c dja 1^, loii T. maxima cd thd xuit hidn cac bidn di di truyin vi hinh thinh ndn cic loii mdi cd nhung die didm hinh thii tuong tu. Ndu chi dua vio die didm hinh djng bdn ngoii ciia cic loii niy thi rit khd dd phin bidt Tuy nhidn, su khic bidt tiinh h; gien 168 vi COI AmtDN trong nghidn oiu nay la du ldn dd phin bidt cic loii ti-dn.
'S
E 3 L C3
Hinh 1. Ciy phit sinh loii di;a trdn gien 16S AmtDN (A) vi COI AmtDN (B) dia ti:ai tai taipng thu tai vimg bidn Nam vi Tnmg bd, Vidt Nam; A:ai7^ocanc£ri3ecAi0ai^vi A ^Aercu&^li nhdm ngoai (outgroup). Cic gii tti bootsta^p ^hin tich MP. ML) vi gii tai tin ciy (phin tich BI) dugc bidu hidn trdn cic nhinh. Hinh inh
cic loii nghidn cihl dtlpc bidu hidn
2. Mdi quan hd phit suih loii trai tai tupng bootstrap tuong ti; t^ niit phin nhinh ciia lidn gidng Mot sd nghidn cuu di dupe thye hidn vi mdi Chametiachea.
quan hd tidn hda ciia trai tai tupng. Tuy nhidn, cic kdt qua thudng khdng thdng nhit, die bidt li tiong lidn gidng Chametrachea. Vi du, dua tidn mdt phin chudi gien 188 ArDN, Maruyama et al. (1998) thu duoc ba ciy phit sinh loii thd hidn mdi quan hd i.T.
Maxima) (T. crocea* T. squamosa); (T. Crocea), (T.
squamosa + T. maxima) vk (T. Squamosa), {T.
crocea + T. maxima). Mdi ciy cd mdt gii tri
Dtia h-dn tiinh ti; ctia gien 16S ADN ty tiid, Schneider vi O'Foighil (1999) cho thiy mdi quan hd gidng nhu ciy thii hai ciia Maruyama et al. (1998).
Bing cich sir dung cic bidn thd allozym thudc 26 loci, Benzie vi Wilhams (1998) khing djnh 2 nhdm chinh hidn dang dupe cdng nhin ttong lidn ho Tridacninae dua trdn djc didm hinh thii li Hippopus vi Tridacna vi cic lidn gidng ttong gidng TOdacna.
78 N O N G NGHlfP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG T H 6 N - KV 1 - THANG 10/2012
KHOA HOC C 6 N G N G H t
Trong lidn gidng Chamettachea, mdi quan hd giiia cac loii dupe thd hidn I i (T. Squamosa), (T. crocea + T. maxima).
Nhu vay, kdt q u i vin khdng thdng nhit vd mdi quan hd tiong lidn gidng Chamettachea i.e. Tridacna crocea, T. maxima vk T. squamosa dtia tidn cic thi thj phin tii khic nhau. Nuryanto et al. (2007) sir dung ttinh ttr gien COI AmtDN cho thiy T. crocea gan gui vdi T. squamosa hon l i T. maxima. T. crocea va T. squamosa dupe nhdm vdi nhau v i li nhdm gin gui vdi T.maximavk T. gigas.
Nghien ctni hidn tai cho thiy mdi quan hd tuong tii nhu cic nghidn cuu trudc su dung cic chi thi phin tii 18S ArDN, 168 v i CO 1 AmtDN (Mamyama et al..
1998; Schneider v i O'Foighil, 1999; Nuryanto et al., 2007). Hai gidng (.Hippopus v i Tridacna) thi hidn su ddng dang. Sii dyng cic chi thi khic nhau (16S vi COI) cho thay cd sy khdng ddng nhat ttong cac nhdm phin loai. Su dung chi thi 168, T. maxima duoc nhdm vdi T. costata, con T. gigas nhdm vdi T. derasa Tuy nhidn, vdi ehi thj COI, T. gigas lai dupe nhdm vdi T. maxima vk T. derasa cd vi tri khdng xic dinh {ren cay phin loai.
V.KETLUMVliK)aiAT
Bing each su dung chi thi phin tii 16S v i COI AmtDN ty the, da xiy dtmg dupe ciy phit sinh loii cua trai tai tirong Tridacna spp. d viing bidn Vidt Nam. Ket q u i cho thay cic loii trai tai tupng thudc 2 gidng Hippopus vk Tridacna phin thinh 2 nhdm dong dang. Mdi quan he loii ttong gidng Tridacna va Hippopus da dupe xiy dyng va cho kdt q u i phti hpp vdi cic cdng trinh cdng bd ttdn the gidi. Trinh tu tuong ddng voi loii Tridacna spYCT2005 ttdn Genbank dupe ghi nhin. Vi viy, cin cd nhung nghidn ciiu chuydn siu vd d i e didm hinh thai, cting nhu sir dung cic loii v i chi thi khic nhau dd hoin thidn hd thdng phin loai ttai tai tupng.
nil UEU HUM KHAO
1. Nguydn HOu Phung v i VO Sy Tuin, 1996.
Ngudn lpi thin mdm hai minh vd (Bivalvia) c h i ydu d bien Vidt Nam. Tuydn t i p nghidn ciiu bidn. NXB Khoa hpc v i Ky thuit, H i Ndi, tap VII, ti. 9-16.
2. Nguydn HOu Phyng, 1995. Dieu tta ngudn Ipi dac sin viing bien ven bd v i ven d i o Vidt Nam. Bio cao tdng kdt dd tii KT.03.08. Vidn Hii duong hpc NhaTrang,tt.3442.
3. Sich do Vidt Nam, 2000 v i 2007. Phan ddng vit Nhi xuat ban Khoa hpc Ty nhidn v i Cdng nghd.
Ha Ndi, tt. 3 7 9 - 3 8 2
4. Bandyopadhyay, P. K. Bradford, J. S. John- Paul, 0 . . Matthew. T. C , Maren, W., Baldomero, M.
0., 2008. The mitochondrial genome of Conus textile, coxl-coxll intergenic sequences and Conoidean evolution. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 46:215-223.
5. Carpenter K. E., Barber P. H., Crandall E. D., Ablan-Lagman M. C. A.. Ambariyantn M., Mahardika G. N.. Mabel Manjaji-Matsumoto B.. Juinio-Menez M. A., Santos M. D.. Stiirger C. J., Toha A H. A . 2011. Comparative Phylogeography of the Coral Triangle and Implications for Marine Management.
Joumal of Marine Biology. Volume 2011. Article ID 396982,14 pages.
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MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF GIANT CLAMS (TRIDACNA SPP.) IN THE COJiSTAL REGIONS OF SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL OF VIETNAM
Dang Thuy Binh, Nguyen Thi Anh Thu, Le Tlii Mai Anh Sununary
Giant clams CTridanidae) are one of the high value marine moUusk in Vietnam. A total of 4 species were collected along Vietnamese coast (V4n Phong Bay and Con Dao Island). Bayesian Inference, Maximum Parsimony and Maximum Likelihood tree were constructed based on different mitochondrial genetic molecular marker, 16S and COI mtDNA gene from T. crocea, T. squamosa, T. maxima, Tridacna sp., and several sequences derived from Genbank. The results from 168 mtDNA showed that giant clams formed 2 monophyletic groups following genus Hippopus and Tridacna. Within Tridacna group, T. crocea was more .closely related to T. squamosa than to T. maxima.. T. maxima was closed to T. costata and Tridacna spYCY2005. T. gigas was clustered to T. derasa. T. crocea and T. squamosa were sister taxa and sister group to T. maxima and T. costata. They together formed a sister clade to T. gigas and T. derasa. Two species of genus Hippopus (H. hippopus vk H. porcellanus) clustered together with high bootstrap support The analysis based on COI mtDNA showed the relationships as (T. squamosa+T. crocea), (Tridacna sp.), (T. maxima+T. gigai). T. derasa has undetermined taxonomic position.
Keywwords: Tridacna. 163 mtDNA COI mtDNA phylogenetic relationship.
NguW phSn b i ^ : TS. Nguyen Thi Thanh TTiiiy Ngiy n h ^ b M : 23/8/2012
Ngdy thdng qua phin bi$n: 24/9/2012 NgAy duyet dSng: 3/10/2012
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