KHOA HOC CdNG NGHE
IVGHl£l\) CIJU H £ THIJC V A T THAIXI GO CT K H U B A D TQIXI
THIEIV IVHIEIV T A Y YEM TIJ, T I M H B A C G I A M GTrin Ngpc Hai', Ph?m Thanh Hd' T6MTAT
Bai bao nay gi6i thi&u k ^ qua nghien cuu he thuc vat tiian g6 o Khu Bao tdn Thi6n nhi^n (BTTN) Tay Y6n Tir, tinh Bdc Giang. K^t qua cho tiiay he tiiuc vat tiian g6 cua khu bao ton la da dang voi 386 loai tiiuflc 213 chi va 71 ho ciia hai nganh thac vat. trong do. nganh Thong/Hat tran (Pinophyta/Gymnospermae) voi 6 loai, 4 chi, 2 ho; nganh Ngoc Ian/Hat kin (Magnoliophyta/Angiospermae) voi 380 loai, 209 chi va 69 ho.
Miroi ho da dang nhat co 189 loai, chiem 48,16% va 10 chi da dang nhat co 81 loai, chi^m 20,98% t6ng sd loai. Ve dang song, a khu bao ton nhom cay gfl Ion (Meg) co 164 loai, chiem ty le cao nhat voi 42,49%; nhom cay gh tnmg binh (Mes) co 115 loai, chi^m 29,79% va nhom cay g5 nho (Mi) c6 107 loai, chi^m 27,7296 tat ca thuoc nhom choi tren dat (Ph). Ve gia tri bao ton a khu vuc da ghi nhan dugc 32 loai cay g6 nguy cap, quy hi^m; trong do co 23 loai dirge ghi nhan trong Sach Do Viet Nam (2007), 4 loai trong Nghi dinh 32/2006/ND-CP cua Chinh phu Viet Nam va 22 loai trong Danh luc Do lUCN nam 2012. Cac loai cay tiian go dieu tra duoc thuoc 13 nhom c6ng dung, trong do nhom cho g6 va lam thudc chi^m ty le Ion; cac nh6m cong dung khac co so loai kh6ng nhi^u.
Tirkhia: CaygS, da dang, h^ thuc vat, loai nguy cap, quy hiem, Tay Yen Tir.
1.DATVANDE
Thirc vat than g6 bao gom nhirng cay co than chinh phat trien cao roi moi phan cdnh nhanh, day la nhimg loai dong vai tro "lap qudn" d^ kien tao ra cac quan xa thirc vat, da dang v6 to thanh va cau tnic;
ngoai ra nhirng loai cSy bui, cay leo, tre tnic, cau dira va dirong xi co than hoa g5 cung tham gia to thanh ciia cac trang thai rung, kieu rimg khac nhau va c6 vai tro quan trong trong h$ sinh thai rimg. Nghien cuu thuc vat than g6 a Khu Bao ton Thien nhi^n (BTTN) Tay YSn Tu nham phan anh duoc muc do da dang v^ thanh phan loai, chi, ho, dang sdng, gia tri su dung va gia tri bao ton lam co so khoa hoc cho cong tac quan ly rung 6 khu bao ton duoc tot hon.
2. DOI mm VA PHUDNG PHAP NGHIEN CUU - Doi tuong nghi&n cuu: Gom cac loai thuc vat co than hoa g6 thu6c nganh TTiong (Pinophyta) va nganh Ngoc lan (Magnohophyta) a Khu BTTN Tay YenTu.
- Phuong phap nghien cuu:
+ Thu thap so li^u: Ap dung phuong phap di4u tra truyen thong trong lam nghiep nhu ho tri 05 tuy^n di^u tra di qua cac trang tiiai rung, dai cao khac nhau; lap 20 6 tifeu chuin dai dien cho cac trang thai rimg, lay mlu ti6u ban va mo ta.
' Truong Dgi hgc Lam nghi?p
+ Xir ly s6 li&u: Ten khoa hpc cac loai cay duoc giam dinh bang phuang phap hinh thai so sanh.
Danh luc thuc vSt duoc xay dung theo h& thong cua Bnimmit (1992) ket hpp Danh phap quoc t^ Vienna (2006), phan tich tinh da dang thuc vat theo Nguyin NghTa Tliin (1997), gia tri bao ton cua h6 thuc vat duoc danh gia theo sach Do Vi^t Nam, - Phan II - Thuc vat (2007), Nghi dinh 32/2006/ND-CP ctia Chinh phu Vi^t Nam (2006) va Danh luc Do lUCN (2012)
3. Krr QUA NGHEN CUU VA THAO LUAN
3.1. Da dang cua h& thijrc vSt thAn g6 tai Khu BTTN TSy Yen Tii
- Ba dang bac nganh vi bic dudi nganh Tai khu vuc di^u tra da thong ke dupc 386 loai cay than g6 thupc 213 chi, 71 hp ciia 2 ngAnh thuc vat bac cao co mach, cu the duoc the hien obang 1.
So sanh voi ket qua dieu tra, thong k& nam 2002, tai Khu BTTN Khe R6 nay la phan khu Khe Ro tiiuoc Khu BTTN Tay Yen Tir ket qua dieu tra mo r6ng toan khu bao ton nay da phat hien va bo sung them 110 loai, thuoc 77 chi, 14 hp ctia lop Ngoc lan (MagnoUopsida).
Bang 1 cho thay, trong hai nganh Th6ng va nganh Ngoc lan 6 khu BTTN Tay Yen Tii, he thuc vat than g6 thupc nganh Ngpc lan chi^m phan Ion cac taxon thirc vat cay than g6 voi tong so 380 loai, NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G THON - KY 1 - THANG 12/2015 125
KHOA HOC C 6 M 0 NGHt
209 chi cua 69 ho, chi^m ty trpng 98,45% s6 loai, thap: 1,55% s6 loai, 1,88% so chi va 2,82% s4 ho. Qua 98,12% so chi va 97,18% so ho, trong khi do, thuc vat day co thi thay ro tinh chat nhitt doi cua h6 thV^ "*' than gd thuOc nganh Thong (Pinophyta) co ty trong cay than g5 tai Khu BTTN Tay Yen Tir
T^n nganh TCn latin Pinophyta Magnoliophyta
Ten ViSt Nam Thong Ngoc lan Tdng
Loai SI 6 380 386
1,55
%
98,45 100
Chi SI 4 209 213
1,88
%
98,12 100
Ho SI 2 69 71
L *
L •^'8?97,18 100 + Da dang bac ho: De danh gia su da dang bac
hp a h^ thuc vat cay g6 cua Khu BTTN Tay Ydn TOr,
d6 tai thong kd theo thu tir 10 ho co s6 loai da dang nhat va dupc th^ hidn trong bang 2.
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Bang 2. Cic hp Tfinho Euphorbiaceae Lauraceae Moraceae Fagaceae Theaceae Rubiaceae Myrtaceae Anacardiaceae Meliaceae Miraosaceae
[a dang nhat cua hfi tj Ten Vi4t Nam Ho Thau dau Ho Long nao Ho Dau tam HoDe Ho Che Hp Ca ph&
Ho Sim Ho Di6u Ho Xoan Ho Trinh nij 10 ho da dang nhat (14,08% sd'ho)
uc vit cSy i So loai
42 29 26 21 18 13 12 10 •
9 9 ' 189
'6 Khu BlTf 10,88
%
7,51 6,73 5,44 4,66 3,36 3,10 2,59 2,33 2,33 48,96
[TayYSnTi:
Sochi 21 10 8 » 3 4 8 7 7 9 5 82
%
9,85 4,69 3,75 1,40 1,87 V 3,75
3,28 3,28 4,22 2,34 38,49 Nhu v^y, trong 10 ho thuc vat cay than, gd da
dang nhat a Khu BTTN Tay Ydn Ttr it nhat moi hp Cling CO 9 loai tro len va 10 hp n^y mac dii chi chi^m khidm ton 14,08% tong so ho ciia toan hd thuc vat cay than gd ohimg lai co so loai \k 189 va sd chi li 82,.
chiem 48,96% tong sd loai va 38,49% tong sd chi trong toan hd thuc vat cay than g6. Trong sd nhiing hp da dang nhat phai k^ d^n hp Thau dau (Euphorbiaceae) voi 42 loai, 21 chi, ho Long nao (Lauraceae) voi 29
loai, 10 chi, hp Dau tam (Moraceae) vdi 26 loai, 8 chi;
day d^u la nhiing ho 16TI va giau loai cua Viet Nam.
+ Ba dang bac chi
Qua thdng ke hd tiiuc vat cay gd cua Khu BTTN Tay Ydn Tir co 10 chi da dang nh^t voi sd loai it nh^t ti-ong mdi chi la 4 loai, chiem 4,69% tdng sd chi cua toan he (nhung c6 tdi 81 lodi, chidm 20,98% tong sd loai cua toan hd time vat cay tiian go) (bang 3).
Bing 3. cac chi da dang nh^t hd thuc vSt cSy gd khu BTTN Tflv Ydn TiV Ten chi
Ficus Lithocaipus Litsea
Elaeocarpus Syzygium Ormosia Symplocos
10 chi da dang nhat (4.69% tdng sd chi) Fabaceae
126 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G T H 6 N - KY 1 -THANG I J / J Q I
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
- Ba dang vi dang sdng
Dang sdng duoc danh gia theo tidu chuan cua Raunkiaer (1934), tii tj' Id ctia nhdm dang sdng duoc xac dinh se lap thanh Phd dang sdng (Spectrum of Biology - SB). Vi nghidn ciiu dac thu cac loai thuc vat cay g6 ndn nhdm cay choi trdn d^t (Ph) chiem 100%, dupc chia thanh cac nhom dang sdng Meg, Mes, Mi.
Bang 4. Phd dang sdng cua hd thuc vat cay than g6 khu BTTN Tay Ydn TO Dang song
Nhom cay choi trfen Ciy gd Idn Ciy gd vira Caygdnho
Ky hieu Ph Meg Mes Ml
sd loai 386 164 115 107
TyW(%) 100 42,49 29.79 27,72 Phd dang sdng cho hd thuc vat cay g6 khu BTTO Tay Ydn Tii xac dinh duoc nhu sau:
Ph = 42,49Meg + 29,79Mes + 27,72Mi Qua Phd dang sdng cd tiie th^y tai Khu BTTN Tay Ydn Tii sd lugiig cay gd Idn chi^m ty le cao nhdt, tiep theo la dang sdng ciia cay gd vua, cay gd nhd.
- Ba dang vi gia tn sd dung
Vdi 386 loai cay gd da di^u tra, duoc xep vao 13 nhdm cdng dung khac nhau, ty Id sd loai theo nhdm cdng dung dupc tiie hidn qua bang 5.
Bang 5. Tdng hpp c^c nhdm c6ng dung ciia cay gd b khuBTmT^yYdnTir
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Nhom cong dung Chog6 Cho thudc Cho qua
Lam canh va bong mat Cho nhua Cho rau an Cho tanin Cho tinh d^u Cho soi Cho mau Cho dau beo Cho tinh bdt Cho nguyen lidu
Ki hidu
G T Q C N R Tn Td S M D B Nl
Sd loai 336 108 46 26 21 19 16 10 9 8 6 6 3
Tyle
(%)
87,04 27,98 11,91 6,74 5,44 4,92 4,14 2,59 2,33 2,07 1.55 1,55 0,78 Bang 5 cho tiidy ty Id phan
mdi nhdm cdng dung la khdng Nhdm cay cho gd (G): 6
tram cac loai cay gd a d^u nhau, cu thd Id:
Vidt Nam, tdi nguydn
cay gd Idn nhat tap trung vdo hai nganh thtrc vat tien hda nhat dd la nganh Thdng (Pinophyta) vk nganh Ngoc lan (Magnoliophyta). Tai khu vuc nghidn ciiu cd 336 loai cay cho gd, chidm 87,04% tdng sd loai cSy gd cua toan bd khu vuc nghidn ciiu. So vdi cac khu vuc khac trong ntrdc thi ty 16 nay la kha cao. Cac loai cay lay gd cd gia tri nhtr Lim xanh, Sdn mat, Tau mat, Sao hdn gai, Gu lau, Vii huong, Lim xet, G6i te, Tram cac loai, Kim giao, Thdng tre la ngdn. Tram huong, cac loai De, Re, Gidi, Lat hoa, Gpi ndp, Ha nu, Cheo tia, Ngat,...
Nhdm cay cho thudc (X)'. Cac bai thudc dan gian thudng sii dung vo rd, vd than, cdnh, la, hoa qua cay gd da cd lich stt sii dung lau ddi, do dd, vide thdng kd cho het cac cay gd lam thudc cdn nhidu khd khan.
Theo Vo Van Chi (2012), sd loai cay cd thd dimg lam thudc 6 Viet Nam la khoang 4.600 lodi. Tai khu vuc nghidn ciiu, da thdng ke duoc 108 loai cay than gd cd cdng dung nay, chiem 27,98% tdng sd loai cay than gd trong khu vuc nghidn cuu va chiem 3,38% sd loai cay cd the diing lam thudc o Viet Nam. Con sd nay la tuong ddi cao. Mdt sd loai tidu hidu nhu: Sdn mat, Bach bdnh (bdn bdt), Kim giao, Dang, Chan chim mil, Mudng la khd, Tra hoa vang, Va, Sung, Ngai, Than mat, Bach chi nam, Chd nhai,...
Nhdm cay cho tinh dau (Td): cd 10 lodi, chiem 2,59% tdng sd loai cay gd tai khu vuc nghidn ciiu. Cac loai didn hinh thupc nhdm ndy nhir Re b^u, Re huong, Vii huong, Mang tang, Thdng, Sau sau. Sen gai. Tram huong,...
Nhdm cay cho nhua (N): cd 21 loai, chidm 5,44%
tdng sd loai cay gd trong khu vuc nghidn cmi. Cac loai cho nhua didn hinh nhir Tram, Thdng, Son ta, Sau sau,...
Nhdm cay cho tanin (Tn): cd 16 loai, chiem 4,14% tdng sd loai trong khu vuc nghien ciiu. Mpt sd loai didn hinh thudc nhdm nay dd la: Tram tia, Tram vdi, Tram trang, Vdi, Thanh hao, San thuydn,...
Nhdm cay cho d4u beo (D): cd 6 loai, chiem 1,55% tdng sd loai trong khu vuc nghien cihi. Mflt sd loai dien hinh nhir Dau me, Trau nam hat, Trau la xe, ...
Nhdm cay lam canh va bdng mat (C): Day la nhung cay cd gia tri tham my cao nhu dang dep, mau sac tao nha, cd the gdy ixi tuong khi nhin. Theo kdt qua thdng kd cd 26 loai, chidm 6,74% tdng sd loai.
Mdt sd loai lam canh Ueu hidu nhir Da cac loai, ldc
N 6 N G NGHIEP V A PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 12/2015 127
KHOA HOC CdNG NGH|
vimg, nhoi, dai, sua, thong tre la ngdn, vang anh, kim giao....
Nhdm cay cho qua (Q): nhdm nay bao gdm nhirng cay cd qua an dupc. Qua kdt qua dieu tra da thdng kd dupc 46 loai thupc nhdm cdng dung nay, chiem 11,91% tong sd loai cay gd trong khu vuc nghidn ciiu. Mdt sd loai tieu hieu nhu: Tram, S^u, Tai chua, Dau da xoan, Mudm, Va,...
Nhdm cdy cho man (M): trong khu vuc nghien ciiu cd 8 loai cay gd cho cdng dung nay, chidm 2,07%
tdng sd loai trong khu vuc nghidn ciiu. Mpt sd loai didn hinh nhir Thanh that,
Nhdm cay cho spi (S): cd 9 loai cay gd cho cong dung nay, chidm 2,33% tdng sd loai cay go tai day. Mpt sd loai tidu bieu nhir Tram, Dd, Dudng, Hu day, Sui, Mang la mac, Sang nhung,...
Nhdm cay cho rau Sn (IQ: cd 19 loai, chiem 4,92% tdng sd loai. Mdt sd loai didn hinh nhu: Rau sang, lpc vimg, chan chira, ldc mai, sung,....
Nhdm cay cho nguydn lidu (Nl) cd 3 loai, chidm 0,78% t^ng sd loaL Mpt sd loai dien hinh nhir Tram trang, Bd dd...
Nhdm cay cho tinh hot (B): Ngoai cac cong
dung trdn, cac cay gd cdn cd thd cho cac san pham lam ch^t dinh duong cho con ngudi nhu cho hot, cho dudng,... ti-ong khu vuc nghidn cuu cd 6 loai cay go cho tinh hot, chidm 1,55% tdng sd loai. Cac qua, hat cua cac loai ti-ong hp De (Fagaceae).
Ngoai nhimg nhdm cong dung ke trdn thi ciing cd nhieu loai cay gd da cong dung nhu: Sdn mat, Tram, S^u, Biia, Da, Si, Tram huong, Vii huong, Td mdc, Dudng,...
- Ba dang cac loii ciygS co gii tii bao ton De cd bien phap bao ve cac loai cay gd, ngoai vide nam duoc toan bp thanh phan loai cay gd cua khu vuc nghien ciiu can phai cd su danh gia cac miic dd hi de dpa ctia cac loai trong hd thuc vat dd dd cd chinh sach uu tidn va bien phap bao vd cd hieu qua.
Can cii vao Danh luc cay gd tai khu BTTN Tay Ydn Ttr da duoc lap, de tai da xac dinh duoc cac loai cay quy, hidm, nguy cap d- khu vuc nghien ciiu. Theo thang danh gia cua lUCN (2012), SDVN (2007) va Nghi dinh 32/2006/ND-CP trong tdng sd 386 loai cdy than gd tai khu vuc nghien cuu cd 36 loai (chidm 9,33%) dupc xdp vao danh muc cac loai cay gd can duoc bao tdn, chi tidt the hidn d bang 6.
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Ten Vidt Nam Bo dd canh Cho dai De hac giang Deciidng Decau Delamai Degaido Ddg3n Dan mat Dai phong tu gai Gioi ba Gidi gang Goi nep Gulau Hanu Han voi Ken Lat hoa
Bang 6. Danh muc cac lo^ cSy gd qui hidm T^n khoa hoc
Alniphyffum eberhardtii GuiHanm Anamocarya sinensis (Dode) Leroy Lithocaipus bacgiangensisA. Camus Quercns rArpsoGaferHickel et ACamus Queicusplatycalyxihck^ et A Camus Uthocarpus vestitus (Hickel & A Camus) ACamus
Castaaopsls hystrix ADC.
Rhamnoneuron balansae Gilg.
Craibiodendrron stellatum (Pierre)W.W.
Smith
Hydnocarpus hainanensis (Merr) Sleum Michelia balansae (ADC) Dandy Paramichelia baillonii t^\errd) S.Y. Hu Aglaia spectabilis (Miq.) Jain & Bennet Sindora tonkinensisA.Chev Ixonanthes chinensis Champ Laportea urentissima Gagnep Aesculus assamica Griff
Chukrrasia tabu/aris A.Jnss
lUCN (2012) EN VU
VU
VU
VU
VU VU VU VU
ND32
IIA
SDVN (2007) EN EN VU VU VU EN VU VU
VU VU VU EN
—-ttL__
128 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG '2/2015
KHOA HOC CdNG HOHt TT
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
T6n Viet Nam Lim xanh Mo Sen mat Sdi hdp Sdi na cut Su la dai Tau nudc Tau mat quy Td hap trung hoa Thdng tre la ngan Tram trang Tram den Tram huong Thiet dinh Trudng sSng Tra vang gilbert Vang tam Vii huong
Tdn khoa hoc ErythroUoeum iordiiOlWer.
Veutzianthus tonkinensisGagnep Madhuca pasquieriH.] \ja.mh Castanopsis cerebrina Bamet Uthocarpus &uncaft/s Hickel et ACamus Phoebe poilaneiVJi%\.i^cn\.
Vatica subglabra Merr Hopea mollissima CY. WU Altingia chinensis (Champ, ex Benth.) Oliv ex Hance
Podocarpus pilgeriYoy^.
Canahum album (Lour) Raeusch Canarium tramdenum Dai et Jakovt Aquilaria crassna Pierre.
Markhamia stipulata (Wall.) Seem, ex Schum.
Amesiodendron chinensis (Merr.) Hu (Camellia gilbeti(AChev) Sealy Manglietia dandyi (Gagnep.) Dandy.
Cinnamomuum balansae Lee.
lUCN (2012) CR EN VU VU
EN VU VU EN VU CR VU VU VU
ND32 IIA
IIA
IIA
SDVN (2007)
EN EN VU EN VU EN EN
VU EN VU
EN VU VU Chii tiiich. • Sich Bo VN (2007): Cip FN- Nguy cip; VU- Se nguy cap.
• Danh luc Bo fUCN (2012): cip CR- rit nguy cip; cap EN-nguy cip; VU- se nguy cip.
- Nghi dinh 32/2006/NB-CP: IA- Thuc vat rung nghiem cim khai time, sd dung vi muc dich thirong mai;
IIA-Thuc vat rung ban chi khai thac. sd dung vi muc dich Uiuongmai.
Cac loai giii, hiim theo sich Bo Vidt Nam (2007):
Hd thuc vat cay than gd Khu BTTN Tay Ydn Tir cd tdng sd 26 loai duoc ghi nhan trong SDVN (2007), chidm 6,74% tdng sd loai, trong dd 11 loai qui, hiem dang d muc nguy c^p (EN), 15 loai qui, hidm trong tinh trang se nguy cap (VU).
Cac loai ciy QUI, hiim theo Banh luc do fUCN 2012
Theo Danh luc dd cua lUCN 2014 hd tiiuc vat cay gd khu BTTN Tay Yen Ttr cd 22 loai cay qui, hiem dupc ghi nhan, trong dd 2 loai d cap dd rat nguy cap (CIO, 4 loai d cap dp nguy cap (EN), 16 loai se nguy c£Lp (VU). Nhu vay, sd lupng lo^i cay gd qui, hidm theo danh sach cua lUCN 2012 b Khu BTTN Tay Yen Tu chidm 5,70% tdng sd loai cua khu hd thuc vat cay than gd.
Cac loai qu^ hiim tiieo Nghi dinh so 32/2006/NB-CP
He tiiuc vat cay gd Khu BTTN Tay Yen To cd 04 loai dupc ghi trong Nghi dinh sd 32/2006/ND-CP, gdm loai Vii huong (Cinnamomuum balansae Lee), Lim xanh (ErythroUoeum fordii Oliver.), Thiet dinn (Markhamia stipulata (Wall.) Seem, ex Schum.
1894^, Gu lau (Sindora tonkinensis A.Chev) thuoc nhdm IIA.
So vdi cac tai lidu da cdng bd vd cac loai thuc vat cay than gd quy hidm tai Khu BTTN Tay Yen Tu trudc kia, trong dpt didu tra nay da bd sung thdm 05 loai, gdm: Tra vang gilbert, Tau nudc, Dai phong tii gai, Vang tam, Sdi na cut vao danh luc cSy gd quy hiem tai khu bao tdn.
3.2. Mdt sd tac ddng anh hudng tdi tai nguydn thtrc vat than gd or Khu B T m TSy Ydn Tiir va giai phap q u ^ Iy
3.2.1. Tic dpng anh hudng cda con ngudi Tai Khu BTTN Tay Ydn Tir hien nay dang cd ba doanh nghiep dupc c^p phep khai thac than nam NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 12/2015 129
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHE
trong dien tich rimg dac dung, cac hoat ddng khai thac than da phan nao lam anh den tai nguyen cay gd tai khu bao tdn, cu the nhu dao dat, da de khai tiiac than, md dudng van chuyen, khai thac gd de lam gd tru mo, lan chidm dat rimg (nam 2011-2013 kidm tra, xu ly 01 vu khai thac gd trai phep de lam tru md va 01 vu lan chidm dat rimg trai phep).
Do thieu dat san xuat cho nen mot sd ho gia dinh cd dien tich dat rimg giap ranh vdi khu bao tdn da tu y phat ven, Ian chiem dat rung dac dung de trdng cac loai cay ndng, lam nghidp.
Do boat ddng chan tha gia sue khien mot sd dien tich trang cd tai cac ddng va dinh niii trong khu bao tdn da bi ngudi dan dia phuong tir y dot dd Iam bai chan tha. Ngoai ra mpt sd ngudi dan tu y vao rimg de lay mat ong, dimg lira gay ra chay rung (nam 2009 da xtr ly hinh sir 01 vu dimg lira ddt ong gay ra chay rimg).
Trong khu bao tdn cd mdt sd diem du lich nhu Vung Trdn, Ao Vua, Thac Ba Tia, Thac Rdt, tuydn du lich tir Ddng Thdng di Chua Ddng Ydn Tir, hang nam cd hang nghin lupt khach du lich. Mot sd boat dong ciia khach du lich la ddt lua trai, diing lua nirdng thjt cd the gay chay rung, hoac chat, be canh, cay rimg,....
3.2.2. Cic tie ding anh hudng cua thi^n nhiin Cac hien tuong nhu gid bao, ldc xoay da lam cho mpt sd cay gd hi dd, gay, ngoai ra cdn cd cac hien tuong thien tai nhu lii quet, sat Id dat, da; ndng ndng bat thudng cua thdi tiet cling da lam anh hudng den tai nguydn cay gd khu bao tdn.
3.2.3. Giai phap quan ly
Tang cudng cong tac quan ly, bao vd rimg:
Tang cudng them nhan luc cho luc lupng kidm lam, md them mdt sd cac tram, chdt bao vd rimg tai khu vuc Ddo But xa Tuan Mau, khu vuc Chia xa Luc Son, khu vuc Ddng Khao xa An Lac. Cac tram kiem lam can tang cudng ddn ^6c, phdi hop vdi td bao vd rimg cac xa thudng xuyen di tuan tra. Idem tra rimg; lap thdm cac bidn bao tai nhimg noi cd nhieu nguoi dan sinh sdng va di qua; xay dung quy udc quan ly bao ve rimg; nang cao nhan thtrc cho c6ng ddng dan cu hidn dang sinh sdng xung quanh Khu BTTN Tay Yen Tu ve bao vd su da dang sinh hpc; hudng dSn ngudi dan cac phuong phap sir dung tidt kidm ngudn tai nguydn.
- Cim mdc ranh gioi ro rang dd thuSn tien cong lac quan ly, d^c bidt la khu vuc rimg g'^P '"^"
voi dat rimg cua cac td chiic, hp gia dinh ^r^" ^^^
ban.
- Hoan tinanh vide giao dat lam nghidp va k h o ^ bao vd rimg cho cac hd gia dinh.
4 . KFT LUAN
Da didu tra. phat hien dupc trong Khu BTTN Tay Ydn Tu cd 386 loai tiiuc v^t than gd thudc 213 chi, 70 hp thuc vat, didu nay khang dinh tinh da dang ciia thuc vat than gd trong khu bao tdn.
Thuc vat than gd d Khu BTTN Tay Ydn Ttr fliudc nhidu nhdm gia tn sir dung nhu cho gd, lam thudc, thuc pham, cay canh bdng mat, cho nhua, tanin, miu nhudm, dau beo, dac bidt, trong dd cd 33 loai quy, hidm duoc ghi nhan trong sach Dd Vidt Nam 2007, Nghi dinh 32/2006/ND-CP cua Chinh phu va Danh muc Dd lUCN 2012.
Ket qua nghidn cuu la tai lieu va co sd khoa hoc giup cho ban quan ly khu bao tdn quan ly tdt hon ngudn tai nguyen thtrc vat trong khu vuc.
TAI UEU THAM KHAO
1. Ban quan ly KBTTN Tay Ydn Ttr (2012). Bao cao ket qua dieu tra hien trang rimg va dat lam nghidp Khu BTTN Tay Yen Tir, tinh Bac Giang.
2. Nguydn Tidn Ban (Chii bidn) (2003, 2005).
Danh luc cac loai tinic vat Viet Nam. Tap II, III. Nxb Ndng nghidp, Ha Ndi.
3. Bd Khoa hpc va Cong nghd, Vien Khoa hpc va Cong nghd Viet Nam (2007). Sich Bo Viet Nam.
Phan II - Thuc vat. Nxb Khoa hpc Tu nhidn va Cong nghd, Ha Npi, 2007.
4. Bd Nong nghidp va PTNT (2000). Tdn cay rimg VietNam. Nxb Ndng nghidp. Ha Ndi.
5. Pham Thanh Ha, Nguydn Thanh Trung (2013). Nghien cim tinh da dang thuc vat tiii viing Khe Rd tiiuoc Khu BTTN Tay Ydn Tu, tinh Bac Giang.
6. Tran Ngoc Hai (2012). Didu tra chuydn dd hd tiiuc vat rimg Khu BTTN Tay Ydn Tir, tinh Bdc Giang.
7. Nguydn Van Huy (2002). Bao cao chuydn dd tai nguyen ddng, thuc vat Khu BTTN Khe Rd tinh Bac Giang.
130 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THAN© 12/2015
KHOA HOC CdNG NGH|
STUDY ON TIMBER TREE IN TAY YEN TU NATURE RESERVE, BAC GIANG PROVINCE Tran Ngoc Hai, Pham Tlianh Ha Summary
This paper presents the results of a research on Umber tree of Tay Yen Tu Nature Reserve, Bac Giang province. The research show that the on Umber tree of nature reserve is high diversity, there are 386 species of 213 genera in 70 families belonging to 2 divisions of vascular plant. Among them, the Pinophyta/Gymnospermae with 6 species, 4 genera and 2 families; the Magnoliophyta/Angiospermae with 380 species, 209 genera and 69 families. There are 189 plant species in the 10 most diverse families, represenUng for 48.9696, and 115 species in the 10 most diverse genera, representing for 29 79%. Regarding to plant-forms in the Tay Yen Tu Nature Reserve the dominant group is the Phanerophytes (Ph) with big- sized tree group (Meg) 164 species, medium-sized tree group (Mes) 115 species, small-sized group (MO 107 species. For conservation values, among 32 threatened plant species recorded, there are 23 species hsted in Red Data Book of Vietnam, published in 2007, 4 species listed in the Decree 32/2006/ND-CP by Vietnam Govement and 22 species listed in the lUCN Red List of threatened plant species (2012). The Umber trees in list plant of Tay Yen Tu Nature Reserve belong to 13 using groups with the amount of timber product tree is highest percentage, followed by medicine tree group.
Keyword: Timber tree, divesity, flora system, nature resen'e, threatened.
Ngudi phan bidn: PGS.TS. Tr4n Minh Hpi Ngay nhan bai: 19/10/2015
Ngdy tiidng qua phan bidn: 19/11/2015 Ngay duydt dang: 26/11 /2015
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 12/2015