KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
OAlXIH G I A M O T SO DfJIXlIi T A M D A H E LAP IVGUYEIXI L I E U L A I T A D
Nguydn TTii TliuS Nguyen Van Long^
T6MTAT
Ngbien ciiu danh gia 8 dong tam da he lam nguyen heu lai tao giong tam moi nuoi trong di^u kien nong 3ir\
vu he (nhiet do 34,2°C; am do 89,7%). Ket qua 8 dong tSm DJ, HJ, H2J, "VJ, VJr. JR, JRth, JRbm co cac d$c diem hinh thai v^ mau sdc hinh dang cua tning, tam, ken da on dinh, vong ddi tit 36-37 ngay. Cac chi ti^u smh hoc, kinh te cao ban hoac tuong duong voi giong doi chiing DSK: T6ng so tning dat 428- 458 qua/o, siic song tam 85,77- 90.11%, siic sdng nhong 95,57- 98,89%. Nang suat ken 258- 335g/300 tam tuoi 4, khdi Itrong toan ken 0,96- l,28g va ty le vo ken 12,87-15.19%. Rieng v^ chi tieu cong nghe to ken cua cac dong deu vuot ddi chung: Ty le len to tu nhien tang 8-20%, chieu dai to don tang 180-240m, he sd beu hao giam 12- 14kg ken/kg to non.
Tii khda: Gidng tSm da he, dong ldm da he, nguySn lieu lai
1.Q9TVANBE
Do dac diem khi hau viing dong bang Bdc bd va Tmng bd vk mua he nhiet do cao, mtra nhieu cho ndn san lirpng dau chiem 60-70% tdng san luong ca nam. Gidng tiim vu he chii yeu nudi gidng vang lai. O mpt sd ntrdc cd san xuat dau tim nhu Tmng Qudc va cac nude chau Au, do dieu kien khi hau tbuan lm nen chi tap frung ngbien cuu va su dung gidng tam ludng he cho nang sulit, chat Iupng to cao. Tai Viet Nam, tir nam 1990 Nguydn Thi Dam, Ha Van Pbuc va cdng su [1] da nghien cuu chpn tao va dua vao san xuat gidng tam lai da he ken vang DSK x 09. Nhtmg do gidng tam nay da qua sir dung nhieu nam nen bidu bien thoai hoa ve sue sdng va nang suat. Vi the, viec chpn tao gidng tam vang cd nang suat va chat luong to ken cao thich hpp cho vu he d mien Bac va mien Tmng la rat can thidt.
De chpn tao duoe gidng tam thi chpn loc vat Heu khdi dau la yeu td quyet dinh cho chpn tao gidng tam moi [41. Do dd, da tidn hanh nghien cthi danh gia mdt sd ddng tam da he lam nguydn heu lai tao.
2. VAT UEU, NOI DUNG VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIBU CUU 2.1. vat hdu nghidn cuu
8 ddng tam Da he mdi dirpc lai tao giiJa gidng da he ban dia vdi gidng da he nhap ndi thdng qua 16 ddi nudi chon lpc: DJ, HJ, H2J, VJ, VJr, JR, JRth, JRbra
(San pham tmng gian cua de tai ebon tao gidng tam da he giai doan 2011-2015).
Gidng ddi chung DSK la gidng da he ban dia su dung frong cap lai Fl DSK x 09 dupe cdng nhan la gidng Qudc gia tbeo Quyet dinh sd 5218/QD-BNN- KHCN ngay 16 thang 11 nam 2000.
2.2. Ndi dung va phuong ph^p nghidn ciiu Npi dung: Danh gia cac dac diem hinh thai, dac diem sinh hpc, kmh te va cdng nghe to ken cua 8 ddng tam da he.
Phuong phap nghien cuu: Su dung phtrong phap lai xa ket hpp vdi phuong phap chon loc dinh htrdng dang ap dung dViet Nam.
Bd tri thi nghiem: Mdi ddng tam nudi 8 6 don, den khi tam day tudi 4 an dau dupe 2 bira tien hanh chpn Ipc cd dinh mdi ddng 5 6 tuong ung vdi 5 lan nhac, mdi Mn nhac ddm giii lai 300 tam. Nhan gidng Iai cheo o. Didu kien nudi duong cham sdc, chat Iugng thuc an... dam bao ddng deu giua cac dong tam tbi nghiem. Kbi tam chin len ne, hoa nhdng dupe 2 ngay go ken de kiem fra chat lupng to. Qui trinh nudi tam va nhan gidng dupe ap dung theo Tieu chuan nganh sd 104/2003/QD-BNN ngay 07/10/2003 [3].
2.3. Thdi gian va dia diem nghidn ciiu De tai nay dugc tien hanh tir nam 2014, qua 16 ddi nghien cuu chpn lgc cac chi tieu yeu ciu cua
' Trung tarn Nghien ciru Diiu tam to Trung irong
gidng tam i t be mdi nhu tinh dn dinb chat luong cho phii hop vdi vu he. Nhung han cua bai bao, cbi trinh bay mdt sd ket cii
nang suat.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG I
KHOA HOC C d N G N G H l
Cliu ehu ydu d vu he tir tiiang 5 ddn thang 8 nam 2017.
Dia diem nghidn cuu tai Tnmg tam Nghien cuu Dau tam ta Trung uong, Ngpc TTiuy, Long Bien, Ha Npi.
3. KET QUA NGHfN CUU VA THAO LUAN
Bang 1. Dac di^m huih t h ^ ctia c^c ddng t ^
3.1. D§c di^m hmh thai cua cac ddng tim Qua nghien cuu dae didm hinh thai cac ddng tam da dugc dn dinh tii ddi F9. Trong thi nghiem nay dupe bd fri nudi tam frong dieu kien vu he nhiet dp tiTing binh 34,2"C, am dd 89,7%. Da dieu fra, tiieo doi cac dac diem hinh thai cua cac ddng tam.
TT 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 Ddng
tam HJ
H2J
JR
JRbm
JRtii
y j
VJr
DJ
DSK (d/c)
Cac giai doan phat due Trung
Vang nhat, hinh ehp Vang nbat, hinh ehp Vang nhat, hmh ehp Vang nhat, hinh ehp Vang nhat, hinh ehp Vang nhat, hinh ehp Vang nhat, hinh ehp Trang nga, hmh ebp
Trang nga, hinh ebp
T^m Tam fran, con to, mau xanh nga dan phia dudi Tam fran, con to, mau xanh nga dan phia dudi Tam fran, con to, mau xanh nga dan ve phia dudi Tam fron, con to, mau xanh nga dan vd phia dudi Tam fron, con to, man xanh nga dan vd phia dudi Tam fron, con to, mau xanh nga dan ve phia dudi Tam fron, con to, mau xanh nga dan vd phia dudi Tam cham, 2 cham dam d dot nguc thu 2 va 2 eham nhat d ddt bung thu 3, con to; mau xanh nga dan vd phia dudi.
Tam cham, 2 cham d ddt nguc thu 2 va 2 cham d dot bung thu 3, con nhd; mau xanh nga.
Ken
Ken man vang tuoi ddng nhat, dang bau ngdn hoi that giiia, nep nhan hoi thd, ta gde it, ken chac
Ken mau vang tuoi ddng nhat; dang bau ngan hoi that giua, nep nhan hoi thd, ta goc it, ken chac
Ken man vang tuoi dong nhat; dang bau; ndp nhan tmng binh, ta goc it, ken chac
Ken mau vang tuoi ddng nhat; dang bau, ndp nhan trung bmh, tagde it, ken chac
Ken mau vang tuoi ddng nhat, dang bau, ndp nhan tmng binh, ta gde it, ken chac
Ken to mau vang tiroi ddng nhat, dang ban dai, nhpn 1 dau, nep nhan tmng binh, tagdc It, ken chac
Ken to mau vang tuoi ddng nhat, dang ban dai, nhgn 1 dau; nep nhan tnmg binh, ta gde it, ken chac
Ken man vang tiroi ddng nh^t, dang bau dai nhon 1 dau, ndp nhan min, to gde nhidu, ken chac
Ken nhd mau vang dam ddng nhat, dang bau dai nhon 1 dau, ndp nhan min, tagdc nhieu, ken xdp.
Kdt qua dieu fra dac diem hmh thai qua cac lua nudi cho thay, cac ddng tam ddu cd mau sdc, hinh dang trung, tam va ken on dinh.
Ve tning: Ddu cd hinh eUp, mau vang nhat ddng nhat (truDJ cd mau frdng nga).
Ve tam: Dang tdm dong deu, con tdm to, mau xanh vang nga ddn ve phia dudi. Trong do, cd 7 ddng dang tam fron va 1 ddng dang tam cham ff)J).
Vd ken: Ken to chdc, ndp nhan tmng binh, mau vang tuoi ddng nhat, dang ddu trong dd cd 3 ddng VJ, VJr, DJ dang ken bau dai mdt ddu hoi nhpn, 02 ddng HJ, H2J dang ban hoi that giua va 3 ddng JR.
JRbm, JRth dang ken ban.
Gidng DSK tning cd man frdng nga hinh ebp, tam con nhd, dang tam cham, ken nhd mau vang
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 1/2020
KHOA HOC COHG N G H l
dam ddng nhdt, dang bau dai nhpn mdt ddu, ndp nhan min, to goc nhieu, ken xdp.
3.2. Cdc chi tidu sinh hgc ciia cac ddng tdm Thdi gian phat due cua cac ddng tdm, ket qua cho tiiay ddng tdm DJ Id ngdn nhat 36 ngay 12 gid.
cac ddng tdm HJ, H2J, JR. JRbm, JRtii 36 ngay 18 gid, rieng 2 ddng tdm VJ, VI
Theo bang vdi gidng ddi chung DSK la 37 ngay 6 gi^'- ^ doi cac chi tieu sinh hoc cua 8 ddng tdm ket qua thu duoe bang 2.
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 LSDa
Dong tam VJ VJr DJ JRbm
JR JRth
HJ H2J DSK CV(*)
Tong so trung/6 (qua) 451,20 458,80 441,60 429,80 428,60 433,00 427,20 437,00 424,40 10,32 11,6
Ty le no
(%)
90,12 87,24 91,41 91,45 90,50 89,79 91,60 90,89 88,42 1,25 8,3
Tyle benh (%) BenhVK
(%)
6,02 7,30 7,77 5,46 8,31 7,07 7,96 4,24 6,86 1,33 6,7
BenhVR
(%)
5,14 5,95 4,68 6,64 5,42 4,71 5,67 3,96 4,40 1,41 5,4
Siic sdng tan (%) 87,56 86,22 87,89 87,11 85,77 87,04 85.80 90,11 88,23 2,46 8,2
Site sdng nhdng (%) 1 95,66 1 96,29 96,83 95,85 95,60 95,57 96,39 98,89 98,26 2,54 7,1 Gbichu. Sd heu duoc chuyen ddi trudc khi xuly thdng ke IRRISTAT 5.0. [2]
Kdt qua frong bang 2 cho thay, tdng sd tning cac ddng tam giao ddng tir 428 den 458 qua/d va ty le tning nd hiru hieu tir 87-91%. Ty le benh vi khuan hdu nhu cao hon ty le benh vims, frong dd ddng JR cd ty Ie benh cao nhat 13,73% va tbap nhat la ddng H2J 8,2%. Sue sdng tdm la chi tieu phan anh kha nang khang benh ciing nhu kha nang tbich nghi vdi dieu kien nhiet dp cao cua vu he [5]. Vi vay, ddng tdm H2J cd siic sdng tdm cao nhat la 90,11%, tiep theo la DJ 87,89% va tiiap nhat la JR 85,77%. Sue sdng nhdng la mdt trong chi tieu quyet dinh den nang sudt, chat lupng tning gidng. Ddng H2J cd sue sdng nhdng cao nhat la 98,89%, thap nhat Id ddng JRtii 95,57%.
Ket qua cho thay, cd 4 ddng tdm VJ, VJr, DJ, H2J cd sd tning/d cao hon; 6 ddng VI, DJ, JRbm, JRth,
H2J cd ty le benh tuang duong hoac thap hon; 5 ddng DJ, H2J, HJ, VJr, JRbm cd sue sdng tdm, nhdng tuong duong ddi chiing DSK d miic sai khdc cd y nghia.
3.3. Cdc chi tidu kinh td ctia cdc gidng tdm Nang suat ken la chi tieu tong hpp phan anh siic sdng tam, siic sdng nhdng.... cd 3 ddng VJ, VJr, H2J cd nang suat ken cao hon, 5 ddng cdn Iai tirong duang vdl ddi ehiing. Ddng VJ cd nang sudt cao nhat (335 g), tidp den la H2J (293 g), VIr (280 g), DJ (271 g) va thap nbat la JR (258 g). Khdi luang todn ken, khdi lugng vd ken cua cdc ddng tdm deu cao hon ddi chiing d miic sai khdc cd y nghia. Dong VJ cd khdi luong toan ken dat 1,28 g, cac ddng tdm khac deu >1 g trir DJ la 0.955 g (Bang 3).
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ddng tam VJ VJr DJ JRbm JR JRth
Banff 3. Cic chi Ugu kinh te ciia cac gifag tim Nang suat
ken/300 tam tudi 4 (g)
335 280 271 270 258 264
Khdi lugng toan ken (g)
1,280 1,120 0,955 1,043 1,068 1,069
Khdi immg vo ken (g)
0,195 0,156 0,129 0,146 0,155 0,158
Ty le vd (%) 15,197 13,939 13,507 14,031 14,479 14,790
50 N O N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 2 - T H A N t 2C 1
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
7 8 9
HJ H2J DSK iSO.B CVff!)
266 293 260 17,0 10,8
1,023 1,041 0,926 0,026
7,6
0,132 0,135 0,120 0,005
10,3
12,869 12,995 12,958 0,24
4,5 Tuong tu ty Ie vd ken cua eac ddng ddu cao hon
vd bdng ddi chiing, cao nhat la ddng VJ dat 15,19% vd thap nhat la HJ la 12,87% a miic sai khac cd y nghia.
3.4. Cac chi tidu cdng nghd ta
Dd danh gid mgt gidng tam, ngodi cac chi tieu sinh hpc, kinh td ra cdn can phdi danh gid cac chi tieu chat lupng ta ken [2]. Ket qua theo ddi eae chi tidu cdng nghe to ciia cde ddng tdm dtrac trinh bay d bang 4. Tdm chin Ien ne nha ta frong dieu kien tu
Bang 4. Mdt so chi tidu cdng nghd fr? ciia cac ddng tam
nhidn cho thay cac ddng tdm mdi ddu cd ty Ie Idn ta til nhien 52,63 - 74,99% cao hon ddi chiing tii 8-20%, chidu dai to don 383 - 443 m dai hon ttr 180-240 m so vdl ddi chung. Day la chi tieu rat cd y nghia frong chon tao gidng ed chat luang tdt [6]. Vi vay. cdc ddng cd tieu hao nguydn bdu thap hon nhieu so vdi ddi chiing, frong do thap nhat la ddng JRbm chi cd 10,23 kg ken/kg ta cdn ddi chiing DSK he sd tieu hao la 24,49 kg ken/kg t a
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ddng tam VJ VJr DJ JRbm JR JRth HJ H2J DSK
Chi6u dai to d o n B Q M
404 394 389 443 385 383 441 404 202
Dd manh BQ to don (D) 2,59 2,57 1,95 2,37 2,57 2,29 2,40 2,25 1,74
Tiid ldn to
(%)
66,66 67,56 59,03 53,26 52,63 62,02 74,99 60,97 40,16
Tite to non
(%)
8,68 8,53 8,12 9,76 9,25 8,80 9,32 8,24 4,08
Tieu hao nguyen lieu
(kg) 10,80 11,71 12,03 10,23 10,80 11,35 10,72 12,12 24,49 Nhan xet: Ket qua nghien ciiu danh gid 8 ddng
tdm da he cho thay cac ddng tdm da dn dinh vd dac tinh, dac diem hinh thai cua tning, tdm va ken. Cac chi tieu sinh hpc, kinh te tirong duong va cao hon ddi ehiing, dac biet cdc chi tidu cdng nghe ta vugt frdi so vdi ddi chiing.
4 . KET LUAN VA BE NGHI
4.1. K^ luan
Thdng qua kdt qua nghien ciiu mot sd dac didm hinh thai d giai doan tning, tam. ken ciia cac ddng tam VJ, VJr, JR, JRbm, JRtii, HJ, H2J, DJ cho tiiay cac ddng tdm da da on dinh.
Chi tieu smh hpe vd kmh te deu tuong duong hoac cao hon ddi chiing DSK Vdng ddi 36-37 ngdy, tdng sd tiling dat 428- 458 qua/6, site sdng tam 85,77- 90,11%, sue sdng nhdng 95,57- 98,89%. Nang suat ken 258- 335g/300 tdm, khdi lugng ken 0,955- l,28g va ty le vd ken 12,87- 15,19%. Trong 8 ddng tam tiii 5 ddng
DJ, H2J, HJ, JRbm,VJr cd cdc dac diem vuot frdi hon ca.
Chi tieu cdng nghe to ken ciia 8 ddng tdm deu vuat frdi so vdi ddi chiing: Ty Id len to tu nhien ciia cac ddng tdm eao hon ddi chiing tii 8-20%, chidu dai to don dai han 180-240m. He sd tieu hao nguyen heu/kg ta non thap hon rat nhidu so vdi ddi chiing tu 12-14kg ken/kg to non.
4.2. Dd nghi
Sii dung cac ddng tdm cd frien vpng de phdi bop chpn tao ra gidng tdm lai thich hgp cho san xuat vu He d cac tinh mien Bac va mien Trung.
TAI UEU THAM KHAU
1. Nguydn Thi Dam, Ha Van Phue va cpng su (2013). Nghien ciiu chgn lgc cap lai Fl ken vang cbo vu be a viing dong bang sdng Hong. Mdt sd cdng trinh nghien ciiu chpn tao vd nhdn gidng tam dau.
Nhd Xuat ban Ndng nghiep. Ha Ndi, fr.7-27.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 1 /2020
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
2. Pham Chi Thanh (1989). Giao tnnh phuong L) germplasm and idenOScation of parents lor phap thi nghiem ddng rudng. Trudng Bai hoc Ndng breeding programme, Joumal of Zhejiang University nghiep I Ha Ndi, tr.127-134. science.
3. Trung tam Nghien ciiu Dau tim to Trung 5. Savarapu Sugnana Kumari, et. (2011).
i<mg (2mi). Qui trinh nudi tim va nhan gidng tam. Screening Strains of the Mulberry Silkworm, Tieu chuan cua nganh sd 104/2003/QD-BNN ngay Soj7!tFsrij3on;forThermotolerance, Joumal of insect 7/10/2003. science.
4. Rao C. G. P., Seshagni S. V., Ramesh C, 6. Yokoyama I. (1974). Utilization of heterosis in Basha K. Ibrahim, Nagaraju H., and Japanese sericulture. Indian Joumal of Genetic, Chandrashekaraiah (2006). Evaluation of genetic SABRAO, 34-A, 206-210.
potential of the polyvoltine silkworm (Bombyx mori
EVALUATION ON SEVERAL KINDS OF MULTIVOLTINE SILKWORMS FOR CROSSING MATERIALS
Nguyen Thi Thu, Nguyen Van Long Summary
Research and evaluate on 8 lands of multivoltine silkworms used as resources for crossing new breeds raised in hot and humid condition of summer crop (heat 34.2°C and humidity 89.7%). The result is, 8 kinds of silkwonms which are I5J, HJ, H2J, VJ, VJr, JR, JRth, JRbm have stable characterisUcs in color and shape of egg, silkworms and cocoons, life span is ii-om 36 to 37 days. The biology and economy mdicators are higher or equal to the control race DSK. Total amount of eggs reaches 428458 eggs/nests, vitality of silkworms is 85.77-90.11%, vitality of slkworm pupaes is 95.57-98.89%. cocoon productivity is 258-335 grams per 300 4-year siliiworras. Weight of cocoon is 0.96-1.28g and tegument percentage is 12.87-15.19%. Particularly, the technical indicators of silk are far higher than the control race: The percentage of natural silk increases from 8 to 20%, the length of silk bave increases 180-240m and the depreciation coefficient decreases 12-14 kg of cocoon per 1 kg of tender silk
Keywords: Mtildvoltine silktvorms, multi-line silkworms, crossing materials.
NguM phan bi^n: PGS.TS. H4 Van Phiic Ngaynhanbai: 01/8/2019 Ngay thdng qua phan bidn: 3/9/2019 Ngay duydt dang: 10/9/2019
52 N O N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG I /2020