ivunicn I.UU Ll LUAN
Danh gia ket qua hoc tap cua hpc sinh theo djnh hifdng tiep can nang IUc: IVipt so de xuat ve day hpc Tin hpc Gi trudng trung lipc plid thong
fiang Ngoc J\im\ Nguyen Titdng Trl^
' Sfl Giao dye vk Oao tao Ou^ng Binh 187 HOti Nghi, thanh phoOongHfli, tinh Quang Binh, Viet Nam Email. [email protected]
= Tn/fiig Oai hoc SU pham - Oai hgc Hue 34 LgLOi, tlianh pho Hue, tinh Thita Thien Hue, Viet Nam Email- [email protected] vn
TOM TAT: Danh gii ket qui hgc tap cda hge sinh la viee lam thddng xuyen va lien tuc trong qui trinh day hgc. Trong boi cinh ci^a Chddng trinh Giio due pho thong dang ddde thiet ke lai, viee ehuyen hddng day hgc theo dinh hddng ngi dung sang day hgc dinh hddng nang Ide da dddc ban soan thio chddng trinh de xuat va Qudc hgi thong qua thi viec nghien cdu thay doi each danh gii ket qui dugc xem la viec lam mang tfnh cip thiet va tat yeu. Tren ed sd tim hieu, phan tfch mgt sddae diem eua tdng cich tiep can day hgc, tic gii bai bao di xuat mgt bien phip danh gii ket qui hgc tap theo dinh hddng tiep c$n pham chat, nang ide eua hge sinh dda trin mgt nghien cdu eho trddng hdp day hgc mon Tin hgc d trddng trung hgc pho thong.
TLf KHOA: Danh gia; pham chat; nang IUc; Tin hoc; trung hgc pho thong.
• • Nhan bai 03/3/2020 -> Nhan ket qua phan bien va chinh sila 20/3/2020 • * Duyet dang 25/3/2020.
1 . Dat van d e
Mon Tin hoc trong dgt thay doi Chuong trinh (CT) Giao due (GD) pho thong moi (2018) dugc xae dinh la mon hoc cot loi, giup hinh thanh va phat trien cho hgc sinh (HS) nang lire (NL) Tin hgc - mgt trong mucri NL da dirge xae dinh.Tuy nhien, viec xae dinh cae tieu chi, bien phap danh gia ket qua hgc tap theo dinh huong tiep can NL cua HS chua dugc de cap nhieu trong cac tai lieu chuyen mon.Trong boi canh do, de co dugc co scr trao doi thao luan, chung toi da nghien ciiu dua tren CT Tin hoc moi [1 ] va mgt s6 tai lieu [2], [3], [4], [5] ket hgp vai tri thiic cua cac chuyen gia trong linh vuc nay de de xuat mgt so ngi dung lien quan den lmh vuc Tin hgc.
Truoc h^l, de danh gia ket qua hgc tap theo dinh huong tiep can NL HS, chung ta can xae dinh khai niem ve NL.
Theo T6 chuc Hgp tac va Phat trien Kinh te (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, hay OECD), NL la kha nang dap ting mot each hieu qua nhiing yeu ciu phuc hgp trong mgt boi canh cu thS. Theo CT GD ph6 thong moi (2018), NL la thugc tinh ca nhan dugc hmh thanh, phat triSn nha to chat san co va qua trinh hgc tap, ren luyen, cho phep con nguoi huy dgng t6ng hgp cac kiSn thuc, ki nang (KN) va cac thugc tinh ca nhan khae nliu hung thii, nigm tin, y chi,.. thuc hien thanh cong mgt loai hoat dgng nhat dinh, dat ket qua mong mu6n trong nhung digu kien cu the [1], [6], [7]. ^
Nhu vay, danh gia ket qua hgc tap theo dinh huong tiep can NL se giup cho viec khdng dinh NL cua ban than HS tren ca sd kha nang chuyen hoa kign thiirc, KN va thai do thu nhan dugc qua qua trinh GD; KhSng dinh dugc kha nang giai quyet tinh huong dua tren mite do huy dgng.
tong hgp cac yeu t6 nhu tri thuc, KN, thai do tiep can cua ca nhan HS. Do vay, tiep can NL doi hoi HS chu trgng vao kha nang van dung sang tao kien thiic, KN vao nhiing tinh huong ling dung khae nhau.Theo each hiSu tren thi danh gia dinh hucmg NL la danh gia kha nang van dung kien thuc, KN va thai do iing xii trong nhiing tinh hufing cu the ma theo CT GD pho thong moi 2018 thi chiing dugc the hien vao cac pham chat va NL.
Danh gia ket qua hgc tap cua HS ddi vai cac mon hgc va hoat dgng GD theo qua trinh hay a moi giai doan hgc tap chinh la bien phap chu yeu nham xae dinh miic do thuc hien muc tieu day hgc ve kien thiic, KN, thai do va NL, dong thai co vai tro quan trgng trong viec cai thien ket qua hgc tap cua HS. Xet vS ban chdt thi khong co mau thuan giiia danh gia NL va danh gia kign thiic, KN [2], danh gia NL dugc coi la buoe phat triSn cao hem so vcri danh gia kign thiic, KN. Cu thg hem la viec danh gia NL chinli la danh gia miic do "tigu hoa" kign thiic, KN va "tham" ve y thiic thai do khi diing truac mgt ygu ciu can giai quyet vg pham chat va NL giai quygt vin d6 do.
Dg chiing minh HS co NL a mgt miic do nao do, phai tao CO hgi cho HS dugc giai quygt van dg trong tinh huong mang tinh thuc tign. Khi do, HS vira phai van dung nhirag kien thitc, KN da dugc hgc a nha tnrcmg, vira su dung nhiing kinh nghiem ciia ban than thu dugc tir nhiing trai nghiem ben ngoai nha trucmg (gia dinh cgng dong va xa hgi) dg giai quygt vin dg ciia thuc tiln.
Nhu vay, thong qua viec hoan thanh mgt nhiem vu trong b6i canh thuc, nguod ta c6 the dong thai danh gia duoc ca
' • _ . tinh kh
26 TAP CHl KHOA HOC GiAO DUC VIET NAM
iviniClY (.UU Ll LUHn
Danh gia ket qua hpc tap cua hpc sinh theo djnh hifdng tiep can nang iifc: IVIpt sd &e xuat ve day hpc Tin hpc oi trUoing trung hpc plid thong
Bang Ngpc Tuan', Nguyen TiTdng Trl^
' Sd Q\io due va Oao tao Ouang Binh 187 HQu Nghi, ttianh pho Dong Hfli, tinh Quang Binh, Viet Nam Email' [email protected] vn
^ Tnlflng Dgi hgc SU ph^m - Oai hgc Hue 34 Le Lgi, t h M pho Hue, tinh ThiJa Thien Hue, Viet Nam Email: nguyentLongtn@dlisphue,edu.vn
TOM TAT: Danh gia ket qui hgc tap cua hge sinh la viic tam thddng xuyen va liin tue trong qua trinh day hgc. Trong bdi cinh cda Chddng trinh Giao due pho thong dang dddc thiet ke lai, viec chuySn hddng day hgc theo dinh hddng nii dung sang day hgc dinh hddng nang ldc da dddc ban sgan thio chddng trinh de xuit va Qude hgi thong qua thi viee nghien edu thay doi each danh gii ket qui dddc xem la viec lam mang tfnh cap thiet va tit yeu. Tren cd sd tim hieu,^
phan tfch mgt so dac diem cda tdng each tiep can day hgc, tic gia bai bao de xuat mot bien phap danh gia kdt qui hgc tap theo dinh hddng ti&p can pham chat, nang ldc cua hgc smh dda tren mdt nghien cdu cho trudng hdp day hgc mdn Tin hge d trddng trung hge pho thing.
TLf KHOA: Danh gia; pham ch^t; nang IUc; Tin hpc; trung hoc pho thong.
•> Nhan b^i 03/3/2020 • • Nhan ket qua ptian bien va chinh sila 20/3/2020 • * Ouyet dang 25/3/2020.
1 . Dat van de
Mon Tin hgc trong dgt thay doi Chucmg trinh (CT) Giao due (GD) pho thong moi (2018) dugc xae djnh la mon hgc cot loi, giiip hinh thanh va phat trign cho hgc sinh (HS) nang luc (NL) Tin hgc - mgt trong muoi NL da dugc xae dinh.Tuy nhien, viec xae dinh cac tieu chi, bien phap danh gia ket qua hgc tap theo djnh huang tiep can NL ciia HS chua dugc de cap nhieu trong cac tai lieu chuyen mon.Trong boi canh do, de co dugc ca sa trao d6i thao luan, chting toi da nghien cuu dua trgn CT Tin hgcm6i [1] va mgt so tai lieu [2], [3], [4], [5] ket hgp vai tri thirc ciia cac chuyen gia trong linh vuc nay de de xuit mgt s6 ngi dung lien quan den ITnh vuc Tin hgc.
Truac hgt, dg danh gia ket qua hgc tap theo dinh huong tigp can NL HS, chung ta can xae dinh khai niem vg NL.
Theo T6 chiic Hgp tac va Phat trign Kinh te (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, hay OECD), NL la kha nang dap irag mgt each hieu qua nhirng yeu ciu phirc hgp trong mgt boi canli cia the. Theo CT GD ph6 thong moi (2018), NL la thugc tinh ca nhan dugc hinh thanh, phat trign nho to chit sin eo va qua trinh hgc tap, ren luyen, cho phep con nguai huy dgng tfing hgp cac kign thirc, ki nang (KN) va cac thugc tinh ca nhan khae nhu himg thu, niem tin, y chi,... thiic hien thanh cong mgt ioai boat dgng nhat dinh, dat ket qua mong muon trong nhirng digu kien eu the [1], [6], [7].
Nhu vay, danh gia ket qua hpc tap theo dinh hucmg tigp can NL se giiip cho viec khang djnh NL ciia ban than HS trgn ca sa kha nang ehuyen hoa kien thirc, KN va thai do thu nhan dugc qua qua trinh GD; Khang dinh dugc kha nang giai quygt tinh huong dua tren mite do huy dgng.
tong hgp cac yeu to nhti tri thiic, KN, thai do tiep can cita ca nhan HS. Do vay, tiep can NL doi hoi HS chii trong vao kha nang van dung sang tao kien thiic, KN vao nhiing tinh huong ling dung khae rihau.Theo each hieu tren thi danh gia dinh huong NL la danh gia kha nang van dung kien thiic, KN va thai do img xir trong nhung tinh huong cu thg ma theo CT GD pho thong mod 2018 thi chiing duge the hien vao cac pham chat va NL.
Danh gia ket qua hgc tap cita HS doi vol cac mon hgc va boat dong GD theo qua trinh hay o m6i giai doan hgc tap chinh la bien phap chii ygu nham xae dinh miic do thuc hien muc tieu day hgc vg kign thuc, KN, thai do va NL, dong thoi CO vai tro quan trgng trong viec cai thien kgt qua hgc tap cita HS. Xet vg ban ehit thi khong c6 mau thuan giua danh gia NL va danh gia kiSn thitc, KN [2], danh gia NL dugc coi la buoe phat trign cao hem so vai danh gia kign thiic, KN. Cu thg han la viec danh gia NL chinh la danh gia mtic do "tieu hoa" kien thiic, KN va "tham" vg y thirc thai dg khi dimg truac mgt yeu eiu can giai quyet vg phim chit va NL giai quygt vin dg do.
Dg chimg minh HS co NL a mgt mirc do nao do, phai tao_ CO hpi cho HS dugc giai quygt van dg trong tinh hu6ng mang tinh thuc tiln. Khi do, HS viia phai van dung nhimg kign thirc, KN da dugc hgc 6 nha truong, vira su dung nhirng kinh nghiem cua ban than thu dugc tir nhirng trai nghiem ben ngoai nha truang (gia dinh, cgng dong va xa hgi) dg giai quygt vin dg eua thuc tien' Nhu v^y, thong qua viec hoan thanh mpt nhiem vu trong b6i canh thuc, nguai ta co the d6ng thoi danh gia dugc ea kha nang nhan thirc, KN thuc hien va nhtmg gia tri, tinh cam eiia nguoi hgc.
lb TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
Vi du, khi day hgc phan Soan thao van ban (Tin hpc 10), thay vi day theo cau tnic bai hgc truygn thfing, chiing ta CO the hinh thanh cac chii de du an (bao tuong, tap san, ...) de HS kham phd dua tren nhUng kign thirc linh hgi dugc tit nhieu nguon, trong do co viec giang day va h6 trg cua GV. Van dg dat ra a ddy la lam thg nao d6 danh gia kgt qua cua HS dira tren san phim thu dugc? Chiing ta can xay dimg mgt ban mo ta cac ygu cau cin dat va cac NL can hucmg dgn trong timg n6i dung eu thS nhu thg nao?
2 . N p i d u n g n g h i e n c i A i
2 . 1 . Nghien ciifu tie xuat day hpc Tin hoc ol tnrdng trung hoc pho thong theo hudng tiep can pham chat, nang life 2.1.1. Mgt so diem khae biet can quan lam khi ffanh gia ket qua hoc tap cua hpc sinh theo hU6ng tiep can pham chat, nang liic
0g CO CO so cho viec danh gia theo hucmg tigp can pham chat, NL, chiing ta can xae dinh dugc mgt s6 diu hieu khae biet co ban giiia danh gia kgt qua theo huang tiep can ngi dung (kign thiic, KN, thai do) vai huang tigp can NL nguai hpc (pham chit, NL cin dat) dugc dua ra a Bang 1. Tren co sa do, chiing ta dg dang thilt ke ngi dung day hgc dap ung muc tigu dat ra cua CT theo m6i huang tiep can. Day ciing la nhiing nghign ctiu mang tinh khai quat, chua thuc su chi tigt dgn npi dung mon hgc cu the.Tuy nhign, chiing ta co thg tham khao de Iam can eii xae dinh giiip cho viec trien Ichai to chiic cac hoat dgng day hgc theo huang tiep can mai mot each dl dang han.
2.1.2. Quan he giOa pham chat, nang life vSi kien fhiic, ki nang va thai So
Voi quan niem ve NL nhu da neu trgn, trong qua trinh hgc tap de hinh thanh va phat trign dugc cac NL, nguoi hpc can chuygn hoa nhirng kign thiic, KN, thai do co dugc vao giai quyet nhiing tmh hu6ng mai va xay ra trong moi tnrang moi. Nhu vay, kiSn thiic, KN la co so de hmh thanh NL, la nguon lire giiip cho nguai hpc tim duoc cac giai phap toi uu dg thirc hien nhiem vu giai quyet cae tinh huong thuc tiln hoae co each iing xu phit hgp trong nhimg hoan canh cu thg. Kha nang dap iing phii hgp voi boi canh ciia thuc tien cugc s6ng la dac trung quan h-gng nhit ciia NL. Kha nang do co dugc dua trgn sir dong hoa va sir dung co can nhae nhimg kign thiic, KN can thiet trong timg hoan canh cu thg. Nhiing kign thtic la eo so de hinh thanh va ren luyen NL phai dugc tao ngn do chinh nguai hpc chit dgng nghien ciru, tim hieu hoae dugc huang din nghign eiiu tim higu va tir do kien tao nen. Viec hinh thanh va ren luyen NL dugc dign ra theo hinh xoay tron 6c, trong do cac NL co truoc dugc sir dung dg kign tao kign thiic mai va dgn lugt minh, kign thirc moi lai dat co so de hinh thanh nhiing NL mol.
KN theo nghla hep ia nhiing thao tac, nhiing each thiic thuc hanh, van dung kign thiic, kinh nghiem da co dg thuc hien mgt hoat dgng nao do trong mgt moi trucmg quen thugc. KN higu theo nghia rgng, bao ham nhirng kign thiic, nhiing hieu biet va trai nghiem giiip ca nhan CO thg thich limg khi hoan canh thay d6i [2].
Kien thiic, KN la co so can thiet dg hinh thanh NL
Bang 1: Mpt so diem khae biet giO'a hai each ddnh gia HS
Mtfc dfi ghl nfid, hieu, ap dung kien thOc da thu nhan diidc.
Kh^ nang giai quyet van de tinh huong dat ra hoSc Irong tht/c tien.
Nhiem vu chinh cua qua trinh day hoc Tap trung vao kien thu'c fian lam. Tap toing vao NL thtfc te va sang tao.
Tlnh da dang ciia cSc bai kiem tra Cac b^i kiem tra tr§n giay dUijc tiiiic hien v^o cuoi mot chil de, mpt chuong, mot hoc ki,...
Nhieu bai kiem tra da dang (giay, thtfc hSnh, sSn pham dti an, ca nhan, nhom...) trong suot qua trinh hoc tap.
Tifih hdp tac, phat trien Oe cao vai tro c^ nhSn. Coi trong vai tro ca nhan. Nhan manh stf hdp tac, lam viec nh6m.
Danh gia HS Oanh gia difdc thiic hien bdi cac cap quan li va do GV.
GV va HS chil dong trong danh g i i
Khi nang ttf danh gia ciia HS Khong hoae it diJdc cong nhan. Khuyen khich W danh gia va danh gia chao ciia HS.
Oanfi gia phim chat dao difc Oanh gia dao diJc HS chu trpng den viec chap hanh npi quy nha tnfdng, tham gia phong trao thi dua...
Oanh gia pham chat ciia HS toan dien, chij trpng ffen NL ca nhan, khuyen khich HS the hien ca tinh va NL ban than.
Phiidng phap GD Quan tam den muc t e u cuoi ciing ciia viec day hoc (ghi nhd noi dung).
Quan tam den den phddng phap hoc tap, phddng phap cin luyen cua HS trong qua trinh hpc tap (hieu qua vSn dung)
Pfii/dng phap danh gia ket qua Chil trong vao diem so Chii trong vao qua ' ti/dng sang tao, 6§n
Danh gia ket qua hpc tap cua hoc sinh theo tfjnh hifdng tiep can nang life: li/lot so cie xuat ve day hpc Tin hpc d trUoIng trung hpc piid thong
Dang Ngpc T u a n \ Nguyen TUtfng Tri^
' Scl Giao dye va Oao tao Qjang Binh 187 HOu Nghi, thanh piioDong Hdi, tinh OuSng Binh, Viet Nam Email [email protected]
^ TrKflng Oai hgc Sil pham - Oai hoc Hue 34 Le LOi, thanh pho Hue, tinti Thfla Thien Hue, Viet Nam Email' nguventuongtn@dhsphue edii vn
TOM TAT: Danh gia kit qui hge tap cda hgc sinh ta viic lam thddng xuyin va lien tuc trong qua trinh day hgc. Trong bdi cinh cda Chddng trinh Giio due pho thong dang dddc thiet ke lai, viic chuyen hddng day hgc theo dinh hddng ngi dung sang day hgc dinh hddng nang Ide da ddde ban soan thio chddng trinh de xuat va Qudc hgi thong qua thi viic nghien cdu thay doi each dinh gia kit qua dddc xem la viic lam mang tinh cap thiet va tat yeu. Trin ed sd tim hiSu, phan tfch mgt so dac diem eua tdng each tiep can day hoc, tic gii bii bio de xuat mgt bien phip danh gii ket qui hge tap theo dinh hddng tiep can pham chat, ning ldc eua hoc sinh dda trin mgt nghien cdu eho trddng hdp day hge mon Tin hge d trddng trung hge ph6 thong.
T D KHOA: O^nh gia; pham chai; nang li/c; Tin hoc; trung hpc pho thdng.
-> Nhan bSi D3/3/2020 • • Nhan ket qua ph^n bien va chinh sifa 20/3/2020 • * Duyet dang 25/3/2020,
1 . Dat van de
Mon Tin hoc trong dot thay doi Chuong trinh (CT) Giao due (GD) pho thong mai (2018) dugc xae dinh la mon hoc cot loi, giiip hinh thanh va phat trien cho hoc sinh (HS) nang lire (NL) Tin hgc - mgt trong muoi NL da dugc xae dinh.Tuy nhien, viec xae dinh cac tieu chi, bien phap danh gia Icet qua hpc tap theo djnh huong tiep can NL cua HS chua dugc de cap nhieu trong cac tai lieu chuyen mon.Trong boi canh do, de co dugc co so trao ddi thao luan, chiing toi da nghien ciju dua tren CT Tin hge moi [1] va mgt s6 tai lieu [2], [3], [4], [5] ket hgp vdi tri thuc Clia cac chuyen gia trong linh vuc nay de de xuat mot so ngi dung lien quan den ITnh vuc Tin hgc.
Truoc het, de danh gia ket qua hgc tap theo dinh huong tigp can NL HS, chiing ta can xae dinh khai niem ve NL.
Theo To chiic Hgp tac va Phat trien Kinh tl (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, hay OECD), NL la kha nang dap ting mgt each hieu qua nhirng yeu cau phiic hgp trong mgt b6i canh cu the. Theo CT GD ph6 thong moi (2018), NL la thuoc tinh ca nhan dugc hinh thanh, phat tnSn nha to chat sin co va qua trinh hgc tap, ren luyen, cho phep con nguai huy dgng t6ng hgp cac kien thiic, kT nang (KN) va cac thuge tinh ca nhan khae nhu hiing thu, niem tin, y chi,... thuc hien thanh eong mgt loai hoat dgng nhat dinh, dat ket qua mong mu6n trong nhung dieu kien cu the [1], [6], [7]. ^
Nhu vay, danh gia kat qua hoc tap theo dinh hucmg tiep can NL se giiip cho viec kliang dinh NL cua ban than HS tren co so kha nang chuyen hoa kien thiic, KN va thai do thu nhan dugc qua qua trinh GD; Khing dinh dugc kha nang giai quy6t tmh hu6ng dua tren mtic do huy dgng,
tong hgp cac yeu to nhu tri thiic, KN, thai do tiep can ciia ca nhan HS. Do vay, tiep can NL doi hoi HS chii trgng vao kha nang van dung sang tao kien thiic, KN vao nhirng tinh huong ting dung khae nhau.Theo each hieu tren thi danh gia dinh huong NL la danh gia kha nang van dung kien thiic, KN va thai do iing xir trong nhung tinh huong cu the ma theo CT GD pho thong mai 2018 thi chiing dugc the hien vao cac pham chat va NL.
Danh gia ket qua hgc tap cua HS doi vai cac mon hgc va hoat dgng GD theo qua trinh hay a moi giai doan hgc tap chinh la bien phap chii yeu nham xae dinh miic do thuc hien muc tieu day hgc ve ki6n thiic, KN, thai do va NL, dong thoi co vai tro quan trgng trong viec cai thi$n ket qua hoc tap ctia HS. Xet v6 ban chSt thi khong co mau thuin giu'a danh gia NL va danh gia kign thiic, KN [2], danh gia NL dugc coi la buoe phat tri6n cao han so vai danh gia kien thtic, KN. Cu thS han la viec danh gia NL chinh la danh gia muc do "tieu hoa" kign thiic, KN va "tham" ve y thiic thai do khi diing truac mgt yeu ciu can giai quyet ve pham ch§t va NL giai quygt vin dg do.
Dg chiing minh HS co NL a mgt muc do nao do, phai tao CO hoi cho HS dugc giai quygt vin de trong tinh huong mang tinh thuc tiln. Khi do, HS viia phai van dijng nhimg kign thiic, KN da dugc hgc a nha trudng, vira sii dung nhiing kinh nghiem ciia ban than thu dugc tu nhiing trai nghiem ben ngoai nha tnrdng (gia dinh, cgng dong va xa hgi) de giai quygt van dg cua thuc tien.
Nhu vay, thong qua viec hoan thanh mgt nhiem vu trong boi canh thirc, ngudi ta c6 thg ddng thdi danh gia dugc ca kha nang nhan thirc, KN thuc hien va nhil-ng gia tri tinh cam ciia ngudi hgc.
26 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DLIC VIET NAM
Vi du, khi day hgc phSn Scan thao van ban (Tin hgc 10), thay vi day theo ciu tnic bai hgc truyen thong, chiing ta CO thg hinh thanh cac chu dg du an (bao tudng, tap san, ...) dg HS kham pha dua tren nhiing kien thuc ITnh hgi dugc tii nhigu ngudn, trong dd co viec giang day va hd trg ciia GV. Van de dat ra d day la lam thg nao de danh gia ket qua cua HS dua tren san pham thu dugc? Chiing ta can xSy dung mgt ban mo ta cac ygu ciu can dat va cac NL cin huang den trong timg ngi dung CIJ thg nhu the nao?
2 . N p i d u n g n g h i e n C L ^
2.1. Nghien cuU de xuat day hoc Tin hoc ci trirdng tfung hgc phd thong theo hi/dng tiep can pham chat, nang lufc 2.1.1. Mot so ^ e m khae biet can quan tam khi danh gia kel qua hoc tap cua hoc sinh theo hifdng tiep can pham chat, nang luc
De cd CO sd cho viec danh gia theo hudng tigp can pham chit, NL, chiing ta can xae dinh dugc mgt sd diu hieu khae biet co ban giira danh gia kdt qua theo hudng tigp can ngi dung (kign thiic, KN, thai do) vai hudng tiep can NL ngudi hgc (pham chat, NL can dat) dugc dua ra d Bang 1. Tr6n ca sd do, chiing ta dg dang thiet ke npi dung day hgc dap irng muc tieu dat ra cua CT theo mdi hudng tigp can. Day ciang la nhiing nghien ciiu mang tinh khai quat, chua thuc su chi tiet den ngi dung mdn hgc cu thg.Tuy nhign, chiing ta cd the tham khao de litm can cii xae dinh giiip cho viec trien khai to chirc cac hoat dgng day hgc theo hudng tigp can mdi mot each dl dang hon.
2.1.2. Quan he gida pham chat, nang ldc v6i kien thde, ki nang va thai do
Vdi quan niem vg NL nhu da neu trgn, trong qua trinh hgc tap de hinh thanh va phat trign dugc cac NL, ngudi hgc can chuygn hda nhirng kign thiic, KN, thai do c6 dugc vao giai quyet nhihig tinh hudng mdi va xay ra trong mdi trudng mdi. Nhu vay, kign thirc, KN la ca sd dg hinh thanh NL, la ngudn luc giiip cho ngudi hgc tim dugc cac giai phap tdi uu dg thirc hien nhiem vu giai quygt cac tinh hudng thirc tign hoae cd each ting xu phu hgp trong nhiing hoan canh cu the. Kha nang dap iing phu hgp vai bdi canh ciia thuc tign cugc sdng la dac trung quan trgng nhat ciia NL. Kha nang dd cd dugc dua trgn su ddng hda va sir dimg cd can nhic nhtmg kign thirc, KN can thiet trong timg hoan canh cu the. Nhiing kign thuc la eo sd dg hinh thanh va ren luygn NL phai dugc tao ngn do chinh ngudi hgc chii dgng nghien ctiu, tim higu hoae dugc hudng dan nghien eihi tim higu va tir dd kien tao ngn. Viec hinh thanh va ren luyen NL dugc diln ra theo hinh xoay trdn dc, trong do cac NL cd trudc dugc sii dung de kien tao kign thiie mdi va den lugt minh, kign thuc mdi lai dat co sd de hinh thanh nhiing NL radi.
KN theo nghTa hep la nhiing thao tac, nhiing each thiic thuc hanh, van dung kign thiic, kinh nghiem da cd dg thuc hien mdt hoat ddng nao do trong mdt mdi trudng quen thugc. KN higu theo nghTa rdng, bao ham nhirng kien thirc, nhimg hieu biet va trai nghiem giiip ca nhan cd the thich iing khi hoan canh thay ddi [2].
Kign thiirc, KN la co sd cin thilt dg hinh thanh NL
Bdng 1 : Mgt sd diem khae biet giiia hai each danh gia HS
Mifc do ghi ntid, hieu, iip dung ki^n tliiJc da tiiu nhan difcic.
Kha nang giai quyet van de tinh huong dat ta hoae ttong thuc tien
Nhi?m vu chinh cua qua trinh day hoc Tap trung vao kien tbdc han lam. Tap trung vao NL thi/c te va sang tao.
Tinh da dang cua c i c bai kiem tra C i c b i i kiem tra tren g i l y dddc thifc hien vao cudi mot chu de, mgt chi/dng, mOt hoc ki,..
Nhieu bai kiem tra da dang (gi%, thi/c hanh, san pham dl/ an, ca nhan, nhom..,) trong suot qua trinh hpc tap.
Tinti hdp t i c , phat tnen Oe cao vai tro ca nhan. Coi trong vai tro ca nhan. Nhan manh sif hdp tac, lam viae nh6m.
Oinh gia HS D i n h g i i diidc thifc hien bdi c i c cap qu^n li v i do GV,
GV va HS chu ddng trong danh gia.
KtiS ning td d i n h g i i ciia HS Khong hoae it ddtJc cong nhan. Khuyen khich ti/ danh gia va danh g i i cheo cua HS.
Oinh g i i pham chat ciia HS toan dien, chu trpng den NL ca nhan, khuyen khich HS the hien ca tinh va NL ban than
Oinh gia pham chat dao difc Oanh gia dao ddc HS chij trpng den viec chap hanh npi quy nha tm'dng, tham gia phong t r i o thi dua,,.
Phaong phip GD Quan tam den muc fieu cuoi ciing ciia viec day hoc (ghi nhd noi dung).
Quan tam den den phudng phap hpc tap, phUdng phip ren luyen cua HS trong qua trinh hoc tap (hieu q u i van dung).
Pliiidng phap d i n h gia ket qua Chu trong vao diem so Chii trong vao q u i t tiJdng s i n g tao, den
trong mgt ITnh vuc hoat ddng nao dd. Tuy nhien, ngu mdt ngudi chi co kien thirc, KN trong mgt ITnh vuc nao do thi chua chac ehan dugc xem la cd NL ma edn cin dgn tinh hudng van dung cua ngudi dd dua tren viec van dung hieu qua cac ngudn kien thiic, KN cimg vdi thai do, gia tri, trach nhiem ban than de thuc hien thanh cdng cac nhiem vu va giai quygt cac van de phat sinh trong thuc tien khi dieu kien va bdi canh thay ddi. Do vay, danh gia pham chat va NL se giiip cho nen GD nudc nha tiem can den mdt nen GD hien dai, phu hgp vdi xu thg phat trien chung cua nhan loai.
2.1.3. De xuat day hoc Tin hgc d trddng trung hpc pho Ihong theo hddng tiep can pham chat, nang ldc
a. Ddc diem CTmdn Tin hgc a trudng THPT Theo CT GD phd thdng mdi (2018), mdn Tin hgc trd thanh mgt mdn hgc bat bugc tli nam ldp 3 den ldp 12, khae vdi CT hien hanh (Mdn Tin hgc d tnidng tigu hgc va trung hge co sd dang la mdn tu chgn, tiiy thugc dieu kien ciia timg dia phuang). Do dd, ddi vdi CT THPT mdl, CT se cd each tigp can sau han va phan hda ngudi hgc cao hon, ben canh nhiem vu hudng nghiep trong thdi dai mdi, thdi dai ciia ki nguyen sd.
GD Tin hgc ddng vai trd chu dao trong viec chuan bi cho HS kha nang tigp nhan, van dung, tim kigm, md rgng tri thiic va sang tao trong thdi dai Cach mang cdng nghiep lan thii tu va toan cau hoa. Tin hgc cd anh hudng ldn den each sdng, each suy nghT va hanh ddng cua con ngudi, la cdng cu hieu qua hd Ug, bien viec hgc thanh tu hgc sudt ddi. Mdn Tin hgc giup HS thich iing va hoa nhap dugc vdi xa hgi hien dai, hinh thanh va phat trien cho HS NL Tm hgc de hgc tap, lam viec va nang cao chat lugng cugc sdng, ddng gdp vao su nghiep xay dung va bao ve Td qudc [8].
Ndi dung mdn Tin hgc theo CT GD phd thdng mdi dugc xay dung dua trgn ba mach kign thirc hoa quyen:
Hpc van sd hoa phd thdng (Digital Literacy - DL); Cdng nghe thdng tin (CNTT) va truyen thdng (Information and Communication Technology - ICT); Khoa hgc may tinh (Computer Science - CS) vdi hai giai doan phat trien la GD CO ban va GD dinh hudng nghe nghiep. Trong do, giai doan GD dinh hudng nghe nghiep la giai doan chit ygu, thudc CT Tin hgc cap THPT. Cl cap hgc nay, mdn Tin hgc cd sir phan hoa sau. Cu the, tuy theo sd thich va du dinh vg nghg nghiep trong tucmg lai, HS chit ddng lua chgn mgt trong hai dinh hudng: Tin hgc ung dung hoae Khoa hgc mdy tinh. Vdi bay chu de xuyen sudt, hai dinh hudng nay cd ngi dung day hgc khae nhau. Do do, viec danh gia NL va pham chat cung hoan toan khae nhau.
Trgn CO sd nghign cim CT mdi, chiing tdi tien hanh de xuit danh gia k6t qua hgc tap dua trgn bay chu dg theo hudng pham chat va NL.
b. Mdt sd de xudt ngi dung dgy hgc Tin hgc a trudng
THPT vd huang ddnh gid kit qud hgc ldp theo tiep egn
phdm chdt, NL , Muc tieu Clia CT Tin hgc THPT la giiip HS cd kha nang
hoa nhap va thich iing dugc vdi su phat trign cua xa hgi so, ling dung CNTT va truygn thdng trong hoc va tir hoc;
Tim kigm va trao ddi thdng tin theo each phii hop, tiaan thii phap luat, cd dao dire, iing xir van hoa va co trach nhiem; Cd higu bigt them mgt sd nganh nghe thudc lmh vuc Tin hgc, chii ddng va tu tin trong viec dinh hudng nghg nghiep tuang lai cua ban than. Chmh vi thg, CT mdi phai gin kgt hgc li thuygt vdi thuc hanh, sang t?o ra cac san phim sd cua ca nhan, cua nhdm va qua trinh hoc tap. Ngudi hgc phai cd kha nang giai quyet van de mang tinh lign mdn bing each ting dung CNTT va truygn thdng vao cac mdn hgc do. Vi du, lap trinh giai bai toan xae dinh van tdc cua mdt vat roi d do cao h sau mgt khoang thdi gian t. Vi du, van dung Excel dg lap bang luang cho toan bg nhan vidn mgt cdng ty,...
Vdi dinh hudng Tin hgc ung dung, CT se van hanh theo hudng tang cudng thuc hanh, hudng nghiep, khdng ddi hdi kien thiic sau ciia Tin hgc, nham ren luyen nang cao NL chu ygu vg ICT. Cac chuyen dg trong dinh hudng Tin hgc ung dung nham giup HS cd thgm co hdi thuc hanh dudi su hudng dan cua GV de trau ddi KN su dung cac phan mem cdng cu, qua do hinh thanh NL giai quyet van dg dua tren kha nang van dung linh hoat cac phan mgm cdng cu dd. Bgn canh dd, CT cd mgt sd chuyen de ve nhiing thanh tuu mdi ciia cdng nghe kl thuat sd, cd tmh thdi sir, nhim dap ting sd thich vui choi, giai tri, hoc tap cua dai bd phan gidi tre [8],[9]. Vdi nhiing HS khdng chgn hgc mdn Tin hgc nhu la mdt hudng di cho nghg nghiep chuyen sau lign quan den ITnh vuc CNTT thi viec chgn hgc cum chuyen de Tin hgc iing dung la mgt CO hgi phat trien NL Tin hgc de chuin bi hgc cac nganh nghe khae rdiau mdt each hieu qua, hoae dd dap iing nhu c&u ca nlian.
Ddi vdi dinh hudng Khoa hgc mdy tinh, CT dugc thigt kg nhim cung cip kign thiic chuygn sau ve linh vuc Tin hgc cho HS, ttic la nhirng ngi dung mang ttnh ngn tang va cdt ldi dg HS cd ca sd cho viec nghign cmi sau va hgc len cac bac hgc cao han thugc chuygn nganh CNTT. Cu thg, cac chuygn de theo dinh hudng Khoa hoc may tinh se tap trung phat trign tu duy may tinh, NL phan tich bai toan, NL lua chgn kigu dix lieu va kha nang thigt kg thuSt toan. Vdi nhung HS chgn hgc mdn Tin hoc nhu la mgt hudng di cho nghe nghiep chuyen sau lign quan dgn Iinh vuc CNTT hrong tuong lai thi day chinh la nhiing kign thtic, KN ma hg dang mong dgi dugc thu nhan dg sdm hinh thanh dugc nhirng phim chit va NL thuc thu, dap ling cho nghg nghiep trong tuong lai.
HS THPT cd thg lam ra cac san phim sd hoan thidn cd chit lugng cao dg iing dung dugc trong thuc tg c i n khuygn khich HS tham gia cac diln dim, mang xa hdi d"
n TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET I^AM
Bang 2: f)e xuat noi dung day hoc Tin iigc i THPT va iiutng tanh gia ket qui hoc tap tiieo tiep can piiam ciiat, NL
hoat dgng day - hgc
A. Miy tinh va xa Bieu di^n thong tin ^ Ldp 10/ Thuyettrinh 50%; Thao luan, Bai tap nhom, tioi tfi thilc Khoa hoc b i o c i o 50%.
B. Mang may tinh v i Intemet
Intemet hom nay va Ldp 10/
ngay mai Dng dung
Thuyet trinh 20%; Bai tim hieu ca nhan 50%; Chia se, ^ a o luan 30%
Trac nghiem; Cham bai t i i o c i o nhdm.
Bai bao c i o ca nhan, dinh g i i cheo, ttt d i n h gia ciia HS.
C.T6 chi)c ldu trO, Tlm l«em v i trao Ldp 1 1 / N6u van de, dien giing 30%; Thiic hanh K h i ning khai thae thong tin cua tim kiem v i trao doi doi thdng tin tren iJng dung tren ldp, sd dung phieu hpc tap 40%; Chia HS diJa tren ket qua phieu hoc tap.
thSng tin mang se, thao luan 30%.
D. Dgo dflc, phip Ong xif van ho^ va Ldp 1 1 / Khoa Thuyet trinh 20%; Tinh huong day hoc luat v i van h o i an toan tren mang hoc 40%; Thao luan ve c i c h dng xd van minh trong moi trddng so tren mang xa hpi 40%.
E. Ung dung Tin Thde h i n h sd dung phin mem lao trang web
l.dp12/
Ling dung
Thuyet trinh, l i m mau 20%; HS khai thic phin mSm thflng qua cac b i i thtfc hanh
Trac nghiem; Xii li tinh hudng; I b i o c i o t h i o luan ciia nhdm.
Cham fliem dda tren s i n pham theo heu chi ciia GV (bd cue, noi dung, tham m i , . ) .
F.Giii quyet van de Lgp trinh Python Ldp 1 1 / Thuyet Irinh sd dung tinh hudng day hoc vili SIJ trp giup c6a Ling dung 30%; xay ddng c i c case study hddng dan may tinh HS 50%; thao luan chia se hoc thuat 20%.
Oanh g i i cho diem c i e CT diloc c i i dat, k h i nang van dung thuJit toan giai quyet c i c bai t o i n thuc lien.
G.Hddng nghiep vdl Gidi thieu mpt so Ldp 12/ To chflc ngay hoi Tin hoc vdi sd tham gia Tin hoc mpt so nginh nghe Qng dung cua c i c trdcfng dai hoc trong khu vdc, e i c thupe ITnh vdc Tin &Khoa hoc doanh nghiep CNTT, Cong ty phan mem, hoc S6 Thong tin va Truyen thdng.
B i i thu hoach ve tim hieu nganh ngh§ lien quan den ngiy hdi, dinh hudng tddng lai, xay ddng ke hoach chotUdnglai,...
gioi diieu, trao ddi, danh gia san pham sd cua ban thSn va cua ban be. Cin khuygn khich HS tu hgc bang viec khai thae hoc lieu thdng qua Intemet mdt each hgp li. Dua tren nhirng phan tich trdn, chiing tdi d8 xuat mgt so ngi dung day hgc va each tiep can danh gia theo dinh hudng pham chat NL nhu d Bang 2.
2.2. Mot SO van de trao doi thao luan, kien nghi Trgn CO sd nghien cuu va tham khao cac tai lieu [2], [10], [3], [4], [5], [11], chung tdi cho rang, viec kiem tra danh gid ket qua hgc tap ciia HS theo hudng tigp can phim chat va NL cin tap trung vao mdt sd vin dg sau:
- Thay ddi each thiic nhin nhan, danh gia cua GV trong qua trinh td chitc day hpc. Thdng qua cac CT bdi dudng tap huan dg giiip cho GV chuygn trgng t^m danh gia chit yeu di ghi nhd, hieu kien thiic sang ddnh gid NL van dung, gidi quyit nhung vdn de cua thuc tien, dac biet chu trgng danh gia cac NL tu duy bac cao, tu duy sang tao, tuduy thuat toan.
- Thay ddi quan diem cua GV la danh gia kgt qua hgc tap cudi ki, hgt mdn hgc, khda hgc nhim muc dich xdp hang, phan loai sang sir dung cac loai hinh thiic danh gia thudng xuyen, danh gia dinh ki sau timg chu dg, timg chuang nham muc dich phan hdi digu chinh qua trinh day hgc.
- Coi hpng san pham hgc tap va gia trj khae biet ciia HS de danh gia NL, tri tue va phim chit ciia HS, thdng qua do dg xae dinh muc dd higu bidt, kha nang van dung
va kha nang tich hgp ciia cac em trong qua trinh hgc tap.
- Xem danh gia nhu la mdt phucmg phap day hgc.Thiia nhan qua trinh tu danh gia cita HS va danh gia lan nhau giiia cac HS la mgt thanh phin ciia kgt qua danh gia mdn hgc.
- Tang cudng khai thae, sii dung CNTT trong kigm tra, danh gia: sit dung cac phan mgm tham dinh cac dac tinh do ludng ciia cdng cu danh gia (do tin cay, do khd, do phan biet, do gia tri) va sir dung cac md hinh thdng ke vao xir li phan tich, li giai kit qua danh gia giiip digu chinh qua trinh day hgc kip thdi va mang lai higu qua cao.
Danh gia thanh tich hgc tap theo quan diem phat trien NL khdng gidi ban vao kha nang tai hien tri thuc ma chii h-gng kha nang van dung tti thiic trong viec giai quygt cac nhiem vu phiic hgp. Vdi nam van dg d trgn, vi$c danh gia kgt qua hoc tap mdn Tin hgc cap THPT can dugc cu thg hda di cd the mang lai hieu qua cao nhat cho qua trinh day hgc.
3. Ket luan
Ddi mdi CT GD phd thdng la viec lam quan trgng, can thigt dg tao ra mdt ngn GD ngay cang phat tridn va dap ling tot ban thuc te xa hdi dat ra. Danh gia kgt qua hgc tap Clia ngudi hgc la mdt nhiem vu khdng thd taeh rdi vdi qua trinh thuc hien ddi mdi CT GD phd thdng. Bai bao phan anh mgtsd ndi dung can ;i. ,,. • n-.v, , >,.. ....- , - trinh thuc hien CT mdi, dua
true quan dd gitip cho qua trinh giang day cua GV, each thiic tigp can, chu ddng lam viec vdi CT mdi mdt each sang tao nhat cd thg. Vdi phuang phap danh gia ket qua hgc tap theo dinh hudng pham chat, NL thi viec thigt kg ndi dung day hgc sao cho ngudi hgc cd nhigu nhat ca hdi duge the hien, phan bien, trao ddi dg tigu hda kien thiic
bai hgc se dugc dat len hang diu. Ben canh dd, i danh gia dugc da d^ng hda, phuong each th^ • GV eung cin dugc thay ddi va linh boat, do la nhimg ngi dung bai bao mudn dua ra. Qua nghidn ciiu nay, tac gia mong mudn gdp phin thuc hien CT GD phd thong mdi hieu qua hon, thiet thuc han.
T^i li€u tham khao
[1] Nguyin Minh Thuyet (Tong chii bien), (2018), Chucmg trinh Gido due pho thong, Bg Giao due va Dao tao.
[2] D6 Anh Dung, (2019), Ddi m&i kiem tra ddnh gid theo dinh hu&ng dep can ndng luc hpc sinh. Vu Giao due Trung hoc, Website: https://tusach.thuvienkhoahoc.com.
[3] Nguyen Quang Thuan, (2016), Ddnh gid theo djnh hu&ng ndng luc. Tap chi Khoa hoc, Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha Npi, Nghien cuu Giao due, Tap 32, S6 2, tr.68 - 82.
[4] Hoang Hoa Binh, (2015), Ndng tuc vd ddnh gid theo ndng iifc. Tap chi Khoa h^c, Trucmg Dai hpc Su pham Thanh ph6 H6 Chi Minh, s6 71.
[5] Nguyin Thu Ha, (2014), Gidng dgy theo ndng luc vd ddnh gid theo ndng luc trong gido due. Mpt so vdn de ti lugn CO bdn. Tap chi Khoa hpc, Dai hoc Qu6c gia Ha Npi, Nghien ciiu Giao due. Tap 30, S6 2, tr.56-64. _ [6] Luong Viet Thai (chu nhiem de tai), Nguyen Hong Thuan,
Pham Thanh Tam (2011), Phdt triin Chuong Irinh Gido due pho thdng theo dinh hu&ng phdt trien nang luc ngu&i
hpc, Dh tai nghien cmi khoa hoc, Ma so: B2008-37-52 TB, Ha Noi. , _, , [7] Dang Thanh Hung, (2012), Nang luc va giao difc theo dip can ndng luc. Tap chi Quan li Giao due, (43), thang 12/2012.
[8] H6 Sy Dam, (2018), Chucmg trinh gido due pho thong mon Tin hpc.
[9] D§ Ngpc Thing (2011), Xdy dung Chuang trinh Gido due phd thong theo hu&ng dip can ndng luc. Tap chi Khoa hpc Giao dye, (68), thang 5/2011.
[10] Bp Giao due va Dao tao, (2014), Tdi lieu tap hudn dii m&i kiem tra ddnh gid theo hu&ng tiip can ndng luc hoc sinh cdc mon hpc, Vu Giao due Trung hpc.
[11] NguySn The Dung, (2016), Dgy hoc Tin hpc theo djnh hu'dng phdt trien NL v&i mo hinh B-leaming - Mpt truang hop nghien cihi & Dgi hpc Suphgm Hue, Tap chi Khoa hoc - Tmdng Dai hpc Quang Nam, s6 9/ 20 i 6.
EVALUATING STUDENT'S RESULTS BASED
ON COMPETENCE-ORIENTED APPROACH: SOME SUGGESTIONS ON TEACHING INFORMATICS AT HIGH SCHOOLS
Dang Ngoc TuanS Nguyen Tuong Tri^
' Quang Bmh department of education and training 187 Huu Ngiii, Dong HOI city,
Quang Binti province, Vietnam Email- dnttianiffiquangbinli edn vn 2 Hje University ot Education
34 Le LOI, Hue crty, Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam Email- [email protected]
ABSTRACT: Evaluating students' results is a regular and continuous issue in the teaching process. In the context of high school curriculum innovation and the transition from content-oriented teaching to capacity-oriented teaching method which is approved by National Assembly of Vietnam, it is an indispensable mission to carry out the research on the evaluation method of students' results. In this paper, by analyzing some characteristics of each teaching approach, the authors propose a measure of assessing students' learning outcomes based on a competence-oriented approach on a case study for Informatics subject at high schools.
KEYWORDS: Evaluation; quality; competency; Informatics; high school.
r niAfiniir VirtMiM