NGHIEN CL;U - TRAO 001
jDANH GIA S I ; PHU HOP COA PHAP LUAT BAO VE RLfNG Ci VIET NAM V6l CAC DIEU 1/6C QUOC TE VE BAG VE MOI TRl/ClNG
VUTHf DUYEN THU9*
Tom tdt: Tham gia, ki kit vd thuc thi cdc diiu irdc qudc ti (Dl/QT) vi bdo vi mdi tnrdng Id mgt Irong nhOng hogt dgng quan trgng cua mdi qudc gia di bdo vi ngdi nhd chung trdi ddt vd ddm bdo phdt triin ben vOng ddt nuac. Nhdn thuc ro yiu cdu do, trong nhiing nam qua, Viet Nam da tham gia khd nhieu dieu icdc qudc te vi bdo vi mdi trudng. Dudi gdc dd phdp ti. viic ngi lugt hod cdc diiu udc ndy trong nhiiu iTnh vi,cc khdc nhau cua bdo vp mdi truang cung dd dgt dugrc nhiing kit qud ddng ghi nhgn, song cung khdng trdnh khdi mdt sd hgn chi, vudng mdc. Bdi viit dua ra nhihig phdn tich, binh lugn, ddnh gid vi su phii hffp giUa phdp lugt bdo vi rimg a Viit Nam vdi cdc Dl/QT ve bdo vi mdi truang CO lien quan din bdo vi rUng nhdm ddm bdo thuc hiin ddy dii nhdl cdc nghTa vy ciia Dl/QT ve mdi Irudng md Viet Nam Id thanh viin.
Tirkhod: Bdo vi rimg; diiu udc qudc ti vi bdo v? mdi trudng; khu bdo tdn; rimg dgc dyng.
Abstract: Accession to, conclusion and implementation of international conventions on environmental protection is amongst siginficani activities of each member country to protect the common home - the earth and to guarantee the country's substainable development. Clearly realising it, for Ihe last years, Vietnam has acceded to quite a number of international conventions on environmental protection.
From the legal perspective, Ihe iniemalisation of those international conventions relating to different areas of environmental protection has achieved significant results but several unavoidable diffculties still remain. The paper offers analyses, comments and assessments on the consistency of the law on forest protection of Vietnam with international conventions on environmental protection relating to forest protection in order to ensure the full compliance with obligations under international conventions
on environmental protection to which Vietnam is a member.
Keywords: Forest protection; international convention on environmental protection; preservation area; special-use forest.
R
img la loai tdi nguyen cd vai ti'd rdt quan trgng trong viec ddm bdo su ben viing cua mdi trudng ndi ehung vd da dang , sinh hge ndi rigng. Chi'nh vi vay, trong no I luc chung cua nhan loai vg bdo ve mdi trudng, bdo ve rCmg la mdt trong nhimg ngi S dung dugc cdng ddng qufic tg ddc biet quan tam. Khd nhigu D l / Q T cd lien quan dgn bdo ' ve loai tdi nguygn ndy dd dugc ra ddi vdi sy J tham gia cua nhigu qude gia ti'en thg gidi, J trong do ed Viet Nam.Nhdm thue thi edc D l / Q T vg bao ve mdi trudng cd lien quan den tdi nguygn rimg, trong nhung ndm qua, hp thfing phdp ludt bdo ve rung ciia Viet Nam da khong ngimg dugc xay dyng vd hodn thien, song khong trdnh khdi mpt sfi tfin tai nhat dinh. Cd the danh gia nhiing thanh cfing vd mdt vai han chg ciia phdp lu^t bdo ve rung d Viet Nam
* Tien sT lu§t hpc, giang vien Tnidng D^i hpc Luat Ha Npi
TAP CHl LUAT HOC s 6 3/2016
hien nay lign quan den viee thuc thi cdc Dl/QT vg bao ve mdi trudng nhu sau:
1. Nhiing ket qua dat diroc
Trong nhung nam qua, cdc digu ude qufic te vg bdo ve mfii trudng cd lign quan dgn bdo ve vd phat trign rung da dugc ngi luat hod, di vdo thye tien vd dem lai nhiing thanh edng nhdt dinh trong edng tdc bdo ve vd phdt trign vfin rung qude gia, dam bdo can bdng sinh thai vd gdp phan giam thigu eac sy cd mdi tiTTOfng. Trign khai thye hien Cdng udc qudc tg vg da dang sinh hge (CBD);
Cfing udc ve budn ban cae loai dgng, thye vdt hoang da nguy cap (CITES); Cfing udc ve ede viing dat ngap nudc cd tam quan ypng qufic tg ddc bipt nhu la noi cu tru cua loai chim nudc (RAMSAR); Cong udc khung ciia Lign hgp qufic vg bign ddi khi hdu; Nghi dinh thu Kyoto; Hiep dinh ASEAN vS bdo tfin thign nhign va tai nguygn thign nhign^''..., cae quy djnh phap luat lien quan dgn bao ve rirng ndi chung, bdo ve dpng, thyc vdt rimg ndi rieng da dugc ban hanh, thyc thi tai Viet Nam va dat dugc nhiing ket qud dang ghi nhan sau:
Thir nhdt, cdc quy dinh vg thdnh lap eung nhu quy chg bdo ve cdc khu bdo tdn, trong dd cd cdc khu riing dac dung da dugc ban hdnh vd phdt huy hieu qua bdo ve rimg ygn thuc te. Ngoai Ludt da dang sinh hpc, cd thg kg den mdt sfi vdn ban quy pham phap ludt dieu ehinh rieng vg vdn dg ndy nhu: Ludt bdo ve vd phdt trign rung, Nghi dinh eua Chi'nh phii so 23/2006/ND-CP ngdy 03/3/2006 vg thi hdnh Luat bdo ve vd phat tiien rimg (Nghi dinh sfi 23/2006/ND-CP); Nghi dinh cua Chinh phii sfi 117/2010/ND-CP ngdy 24/12/2010 vg
td ehire vd quan \i hp tiiong rimg dac dung (Nghi dinh sfi 117/2010/ND-CP)...
Thic hai, cac quy dinh phdp ludt ve bao ve viing ddt ngap nude, trong do bao gfim ca rimg dae dung eiing da duge ban hanh. Van bdn quy ph^m phdp luat dien hinh trong linh vuc ndy Id Nghj dinh cua Chi'nh phu so 109/2003/ND-CP ngdy 23/9/2003 vg bao t6n vd phat trign ede viing ddt ngap nudc (Nghi dinh sfi 109/2003/ND-CP). Theo do, cac nguyen tdc bdo tfin vd phat trien bgn vQi^
cdc viing ddt ngap nudc hay nhung quy dinh bdt bufic phdi tign hanh khoanh vung bao ve edc viing dat ngap nudc dudi dang khu Ramsar, khu bdo ton thign nhign, khu bao tdn lodi vd khu bao tdn sinh cdnh Id ca sa phap li khong thg thigu eho viee bao ve cac vimg ddt ngap nude ndi chung vd rimg dac dung ndi rieng d Viet nam.
Thu ba, danh muc cdc lodi dfing, thyc vat rimg hoang dd nguy cap tai Viet Nam va quy ehg quan If, bao ve ehiing da dugc xay dyng, ban hdnh vd thuang xuyen sira doi cho phe hgp vdi yeu cau eua thye tign quan h' ck giong loai nay.'^' Bgn eanh do, viec bufin ban, xuat, nh|.p khdu ede lodi dgng, thyc vat nay cung dugc quy dinh khd nghigm ngdt nham muc dich bao tdn, phat trign, trdnh viec sir dung khdng phu hgp gdy dnh hudng xau den sy tdn tai cda chdng. Van de ndy dugc ^&i chinh tai cae van ban quy pham phap luat nhir Nghi dinh cua Chinh phu sd 32/2006/ND-CP ngay 30/3/2006 vg vipc qudn li tiiyc vat rimg, dgng vat rimg nguy edp, quy, hiera (Nghi djnh s6 32/2006/ND-CP); Nghj dinii cua Chi'nh phu sfi 82/2006/ND-CP n^y 10/8/2006 vg qudn If hoat dgng xudt khk
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NGHIEN Ciru - TRAO DOI
nhap khdu, tdi xudt khdu, nh^p ngi tir bign, qua canh, nufii sinh san, nuoi sinh trudng va trfing edy nhdn tao cac lodi dgng vat, thyc vdt hoang da nguy cap, quy, hifim (Nghi dinh sd 82/2006/ND-CP); Quygt dinh eiia Thu tirdng Chinh phii sfi 11/2013/QD-TTg ngdy 24/01/2013 vg viec cam xuat khdu, nhap khdu mua bdn mau vat mgt sd lodi dpng vat hoang dd thufic Phu lue cua Cong udc vg budn ban cdc loai dgng thye vdt hoang da nguy cap; Quyet dinh cua Bp ndng nghiep vd phdt tiign nong thdn sd 74/2008/QD-BNN ngdy 20/6/2008 ve danh muc cae loai ddng, thye vdt hoang da quy dinh trong Phy lue eiia Cdng ude vg bufin ban cae lodi ddng thuc vdt hoang da nguy cap.
Thii tu, viec khuygn khfch trong rirng, ngdn ngira tinh trang suy thoai rung trong no luc chung dg gidm phdt thai khi nhd kinh, bdo ve tang ozon, giam thieu nguy eo bign doi khi hau cdng da dugc quy dinh trong mgt sfi van ban quy pham phdp luat chu ygu vg bdo ve rdng tai Viet Nam nhu:
Luat bdo ve va phdt trign rimg, Nghi dinh sfi 23/2006/ND-CP; Quygt dinh cua Thu Uidng Chinh phu so 24/2012/(^-TTg ngdy 01/6/2012 ve ehinh sdch ddu tu, phdt trign rimg ddc dung giai doan 2011 - 2020... Ngodi ra, tirgn thyc tg, Chuong trinh Gidm phdt thai khi nha kinh tiiong qua cdc nd lyc han chg mat rimg vd suy thodi rung d cdc nude dang phdt trign (Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countiies - REDD)'^^ da dugc trign khai. Viet Nam da sdm ed nhiing budc tich cue nhdm thyc hien REDD+, ddng gdp vdo viee giam phdt thai khi nha kinh, tang tiii lugng ede bon rimg,
bdo tfin da d^ng sinh hge dong thdi gdp phan xoa ddi gidm ngheo, bao vp mdi trudng vd thuc ddy phdt trign bgn viing d Viet Nam.'''*
Ngay 27/6/2012. Thu tudng Chi'nh phii da phg duyet Chuang trinh hdnh ddng quoc gia ve "Gidm phdt thai khi nhd kinh thfing qua nfi lyc han che mat rimg vd suy thoai rimg, quan li bgn viing tdi nguygn rimg, bao tfin vd ndng cao trii lugng cdc-bon rimg" giai doan 2011 - 2020 tiieo Quygt dinh sfi 799/QD-TTg.
2. Nhung h^n che c4n khdc phyc H ^ ehg Idn trong he thfing p h ^ luat hien hdnh ve bao vp rimg ciia Viet Nam khi thuc thi edc digu udc qufic tg Id cdn tfin tai sy thigu thfing nhdt, chua phu hgp va thigu cu thg. Dieu do da lam gidm hieu qud cua nhiing no luc thye hien eae cam kgt quoe tg tai Viet Nam trong thdi gian qua. Cy thg nhu sau:
Thir nhdt. cdn tfin tai su thigu thfing nhat trong quy dinh ve phan loai khu bdo tfin.
Vdn de ndy hien duge quy dinh khong thfing nhat giiia nhigu van bdn quy pham phap ludt: Ludt bdo ve vd phdt trign rimg, Luat da dang sinh hpc, Nghi djnh sfi 109/2003/ND-CP.
Cy till:
- Tai Ludt bdo ve vd phdt trign rimg ndm 2004, Dieu 4 vg phan loai rimg quy dinh:
Rimg ddc dung dugc sii dung chu ygu dg bao tdn thien nhign, mau chudn he sinh thdi rimg cua quoc gia, ngudn gen sinh vdt rimg;
nghien eiiu khoa hpe; bdo ve di tieh lich su, vdn hod, danh lam thdng canh; phuc vu nghi ngoi, du lich, ket hgp phdng hg, gdp phdn bao ve mdi trudng, bao gdm: vudn qudc gia;
khu bao tdn thign nhign gom khu dy tiit thien nhign, khu bao tdn lodi - sinh cdnh...
Nhu vdy, Ludt bao ve vd phdt trign rirng xdc
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NGHIEN CLTU-TRAO BOI
dinh khu bdo tfin Id mgt loai rimg dde dyng, bao gdm khu dy trii thign nhien va khu bao tdn lodi - sinh cdnh.
- Luat da dang sinh hpc nam 2008 lai quy dinh, khu bdo tdn bao gbm: vudn qu6c gia; khu dy ti^ thign nhign; khu bdo tfin lodi - sinh cdnh; khu bdo ve canh quan (Digu 16).
Cdch quy dinh nay eho thdy, khu bao tfin dugc phdn loai gan gidng vdi cac loai rimg ddc dung theo phdn loai rimg dac dyng tai Digu 4 Ludt bdo ve vd phdt trign rimg.
- Nghi dinh 109/2003/ND-CP cung cd quy dinh khac vdi hai ludt trgn. Tai Digu 12 Nghi dinh ndy quy dinh vg khoanh viing bao ve cdc cimg dat ngap nudc nhu sau: Cae viing ddt ngap nudc dugc khoanh vung bdo ve dudi cdc hinh thiic: khu Ramsar, khu bdo tfin thign nhien, khu bdo tfin loai, sinh canh (dudi day gpi chung Id khu bdo tfin ddt ngap nudc). Nhu vdy, khu bdo tfin thign nhign vung dat ngap nudc theo quy dinh tai Nghi dinh ndy lai khdng bao gfim khu bdo tdn loai, sinh cdnh nhu quy dinh tai cdc ludt trgn.
Ro rdng, sy thigu thong nhdt vg phan loai khu bao ton ngu trgn da ddn dgn nhiing phiic tap, chdng cheo, khd hieu, dg gay nham Idn vg ten gpi vd ddu hieu nhdn biet cdc khu bdo tdn. Nhiing nhdm lan nay da "ldm khd"
cho viec thuc hign cdc quy dinh phap ludt ve thdnh lap va bao ve cdc khu bao ton ndi chung, tiifing qua dd lam gidm hieu qud ciia viec thyc hien eac cam kgt cua Viet Nam theo Cdng ude CBD vd Cdng udc RAMSAR.
Thii hai, quy dinh mau thudn trong thdm quygn quygt dinh thdnh lap khu bdo tfin, thdnh lap vudn qufic gia.
Hipn tai, viec phan cap lap, thdm dinh dy
dn, quygt dinh thdnh lap khu bdo tdn, thanh Idp vudn qufic gia cdn chdng cheo, din toi khd dp dung thong nhdt trgn thye tg:
- Theo Nghi dinh sd 23/2006/ND-CP, thdm quygn xdc l$p cdc khu rimg dugc quy dinh nhu sau: Thii tudng Chinh phu quygt djnh xde lap cdc khu riing dde dung lign tinh vd khu rimg dde dyng la vudn qufic gia, khu bdo tfin thien nhien theo dg nghj cua B^
ndng nghigp va phdt trign ndng thdn. Dieu dd CO nghia, viec quygt dinh thdnh lap cac vuon qufic gia Id thdm quyen cua Thu tudng Chinh phil trgn co sd dg nghi cua Bp nong nghiep vd phdt trign nong thfin, khfing ke do la vudn qufic gia cd tam quan trgng nhu the ndo vd ndm tren dia ban ndo.
Theo Nghi dinh cita Chi'nh phu so 27/2005/ND-CP ngdy 08/3/2005 quy dmh chi tigt vd hudng dan thi hdnh mfit sfi dieu cua Ludt thuy san nam 2003, Thu tuong Chinh phu quygt dinh thanh Idp eac vuon qufic gia, cac khu bao ton cd tdm quan ttpng qufic gia, quoe tg hode lign quan dgn nhieu nganh, nam tren dia ban nhigu tinh. Nhu vay, khdng giong vdi quy dinh tai Nghj dinh 23/2006/ND-CP, theo quy dinh ndy, Thii tudng Chinh phii l£ii chi quyet dinh thdnh Ifp cdc vudn qudc gia cd tam quan trpng quoc gia, qudc tg hodc lign quan den nhigu nganh hay ndm trgn dia bdn nhigu tinh. Quy dinh ndy eung khdng nhdc dgn vai tro cua B5 ndng nghiep va phdt trign nfing thfin trong viec ra quyet dinh cua Thu tudng Chinh phii.
ThU ba, thigu tiidng nhdt trong viec phan edp tfi chiie quan li khu bao tfin.
- Theo Nghi dinh sfi 109/2003/ND-CP, Bg ndng nghigp vd phdt trien nfing thon tfi chiic
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NGHIEN Ciru - TRAO DOI
quan If cdc khu bdo tfin ddt ngap nude cd tdm quan Q^gng quoe tg, qudc gia. Uy ban nhdn dan cap tmh td ehiic quan li cdc khu bdo tfin ddt ngap nudc khac tren dia ban eiia minh.
Theo Nghi djnh sd 117/2010/ND-CP (Digu 14) thi Bg nong nghiep va phat trign nfing thfin chiu trdch nhiem trudc Chinh phii qudn li nha nude ddi vdi he thfing rimg dde dung trong pham vi ea nudc; tryc tigp tfi chiie quan li ede khu rimg ddc dung tiren dia bdn nhigu tinh, thanh pho trye thuge trung uong, eae khu rimg nghign ciiu, thyc nghiem khoa hge. Uy ban nhan ddn cap tinh qudn If nhd nudc dfii vdi he thdng rimg ddc dung d dia phuang, tryc tigp qudn If cdc vudn qufic gia, phan cap quan li ede khu dy tiii thign nhign, khu bdo tfin loai, sinh cdnh, khu bdo vg eanh quan.
Nhu vay, cung la trdeh nhiem quan li ciia Bp nfing nghigp vd phat trign ndng thon, song hai van ban nay lai dya trgn 2 tigu chi khdc nhau dg phdn dinh. Ngu Nghi dinh sd 109/2003/NB-CP dya ygn tigu chi vg tdm quan trgng eiia khu bdo tdn thi Nghi dinh sd 117/2010/ND-CP lai dya ygn tigu chi vg vi tri cua cdc khu bdo tdn. Vay, vdn dg ddt ra la, viec qudn li cdc vudn qufic gia la cdc khu Ramsar cua Viet Nam se duge phan dinh trdch nhiem qudn li theo tigu chi nao? Dya vdo tdm quan trgng cua nd theo quy dinh phap luat vg bdo tfin ddt ngap nudc hay dya vdo vi tri cua nd theo quy dinh cua phap luat [ ve bao ve rimg? Rd rang, ngu khdng ddm bdo su thdng nhdt trong quy dinh vg van dg ndy till cdng tdc bao tdn eac vudn qudc gia
; dudi dang cac khu Ramsar se edn khong ft
; vuong mdc khi viec xdc dinh trdch nhiem
quan li chiing cdn chua ro rang trong nhieu vdn bdn phdp ludt khdc nhau.
Thii tu, thigu cdc quy djnh cu thg vg tfi chdc vd hoat dgng cua cac trung tdm eiiu hg dpng vat.
Theo quy dinh cua Cdng ude CITES, trung tdm cdu hfi Id mfit ca sd do co quan tham quyen quan li chpn lya nhdm trdng nom, ehdm sdc cdc mdu vdt sfing, ddc biet la nhiing mau vat bi tich thu. Cdc qufic gia thanh vign cd trdch nhiem tiidnh lap eae trung tam nay dg chdm sdc cac mdu vdt sfing bi tieh thu, ddm bdo mgi mau vat sdng phai duge cham sde thich hgp nham han che tdi da cdc tfin thuong vg siic khoe hay cdch doi xii thd bao trong qua trinh van chuygn hoac qud cdnh.^ '
Thyc hign cam ket nay, Viet Nam da thdnh lap mdt sfi trung tdm eiiu hg dgng vat.
Tuy nhien, van cdn thigu cdc quy dinh phap luat cu thg ldm cdn cii phdp li eho hoat dpng cua cac trung tam ndy. Hien tai, cdc ho^t dfing ciiu hg duge thyc hien theo quy dinh chung tai Nghi dinh sd 32/2006/ND-CP vd Nghi dinh sd 82/2006/ND-CP. Tuy nhien, do chi Id cdc quy dinh chung ve thu giu vd qudn li dpng, thue vat nguy cap quy higm md khdng cd cac quy dinh ey thg hudng dan eiiu hfi dgng vat rimg hoang da, nguy cap quy higm nhu: yeu cdu vg cdch li, ygu cdu vg kigm ti-a dich benh, hudng dan rieng ve ciiu hg ddi vdi mpt sd nhdm ddng vdt rimg... Sy thigu hut nay gay khdng it liing tiing cho cdc trung tdm ciiu hg khi tiep nhan dgng vdt rirng cdn ciiu hd, lam giam hieu qud vd muc dich eiia cong tac nay.
Thic ndm, quy dinh ve xir li vi pham phap ludt vg bao ve dfing, thyc vat rirng quy higm
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NGHIEN COU - TRAO 001
tiiugc Phu lue cua Cdng udc CITES ehua phu hgp, thigu ey thg ddn dgn hieu qud digu chinh khfing cao.
- Digu 25 Nghi dinh sfi 82/2006/ND-CP quy djnh: mau vdt dgng vat, tiiyc vat hoang da quy dinh tai Phy luc I eua Cfing ude CITES dugc xii If nhu mdu vat dfing vat, thye vat hoang da nguy edp, quy, higm nhdm I theo quy dinh cua phap ludt Viet Nam.
Mau vat dpng vat, thuc vat hoang da quy dinh tai cac Phu luc II vd III cua Cfing udc CITES dugc xu If nhu mdu vat dpng vdt, thuc vdt nguy cap, quy, higm nhdm II theo quy dinh eua phdp ludt Viet Nam. Trong khi dd, Quygt dinh cua Bp nfing nghiep va phat tiign nfing thdn sd 74/2008/QD-BNN ngdy 20/6/2008 ve danh myc cdc lodi dpng, thuc vdt hoang dd quy dinh trong phu luc cua Cdng udc vg bufin ban cac lodi dgng thyc vat hoang dd nguy cap ed dua ra danh mye rdt cy thg ede loai dpng vat ciia Viet Nam thudc phu lue ciia Cfing udc. Van dg dat ra Id, danh muc ndy cd ^ nghla gi neu no khong dugc sir dung dg xii If cdc hanh vi xuat khau, nhap khdu, tai xudt khdu, nhap ndi tir bign, qud cdnh, nuoi sinh sdn, nudi sinh trudng va trdng cay nhdn tao cdc loai dgng vat, thyc vat hoang dd nguy cap, quy, higm theo quy dinh eua cdng udc CITES? Rd rang, quy dinh ndy Id chua phu hgp.
- Quy dinh thieu cy thg: Digu 26 Nghi djnh sfi 82/2006/ND-CP quy dinh: Viec tam luu giii dpng vat sfing trong khi ehd quygt dinh xii li phdi ddm bdo an todn cho ngudi vd cd digu kien phii hgp vg qudn li, ehdm sdc ddng vat. Tuy nhign, digu kien nhu thg nao Id phii hgp lai la vdn dg khfing d l higu khi
moi lodi dfing vat cd nhiing dde tinh sinh hpc khong giong nhau, ddi hfii cac digu kien chdm sdc khdc nhau. Hon nua, viec dam bao dieu kien ndy cdng rdt khd khan khi chu thi thu giii dpng vat sfing la cdc co quan nha nudc, nhiing noi khdng thg dam bao moi trudng ty nhien phu hgp cho viec chdm soc edc loai dgng vat hoang da. Vdn dg nay c5n dugc quy dinh eu the han.
3. Mot so khuyen nghi
Dg dam bdo thyc thi hieu qua ede dieu ude qudc te vg bdo ve moi ti-uong cd liSn quan dgn bao ve rimg, Viet Nam cdn sdm hoan thien cae quy dinh phdp luat ve bao ve rirng hien hdnh, tranh hien tugng tning lap, mau thuan, thigu hode ehua phii hgp. Vg vin dg nay, tdc gid dua ra mgt sd khuygn nghi sau:
- Gidi thich thdng nhdt thuat ngii khu bao tfin lam eo so cho viec thuc hien thong nhat cac cam kgt cua Viet Nam trong bao ve da dang sinh hpc ndi chung, bao ve rirng dac dung noi rieng.
Thfing nhdt quy dinh vg thdm quyen quyet dinh thdnh lap cdc vudn quoe gia.
Phap luat bdo vp va phat trign rimg nen quy dinh lai thdm quyen eua Thu tudng Chinh phii vg van dg nay. Theo dd, Nghi dinh sfi 23/2006/ND-CP nen dugc sua dfii theo hudng: Thu tudng Chinh phu chi quyet dinh thdnh lap cdc vudn qudc gia cd tdm quan trpng quoe gia, quoe tg hodc lien quan den nhigu ngdnh hay nam trgn dia ban nhieu tinh.
- Sua ddi quy dinh vg phan cdng trach nhiem quan li cdc vudn quoc gia eua Bg nong nghiep vd phat trien nfing thdn vd uj ban nhan dan cdp tinh. Theo dd, Nghj dinh sfi 117/2010/ND-CP nen phan cdng trach
TAP CHi LUAT HOC s6 3/2016
NGHIEN CL/U - TRAO DOI
nhiem nay theo miic dfi, tdm quan trgng quoc gia vd qudc tg cua vudn quoc gia chii khdng phdi dya vdo vi tri tfin tai cua nd nhu quy djnh hien nay.
- Ban hdnh quy djnh ve td chiie va hoat dfing cua trung tdm ciiu hfi dgng vat. Cdc vdn dg nhu digu kien tigp nhan dfing vdt, yeu cdu vg cdch li, ygu cdu ve kiem tra djch benh...
can dugc quy dinh cy the. Ben cgnh do, edc hudng dSn ridng vg ciiu hg doi vdi mgt sfi nhdm dfing vat rimg ciing cdn dugc ban hdnh.
- Ban hanh quy dinh rigng ve xu If mau vat ddng vat thufic phy lue cua Cdng udc CITES bj thu giir dg ddm bdo cd thg dp dyng thfing nhat cdc bien phap xu li phii hgp vdi eae loai dgng vdt nay.
- Xay dung va ban hanh cdc quy djnh phap ludt vg REDD nhdm thyc thi hieu qud hon Cfing udc khung cua Lign hgp qudc ve bign dfii khi hau,'** bao gfim:
+ Xdy dung va ban hanh cdc quy dinh phap ludt vg he thfing thfing tin vg REDD; vg CO che quan li tdi chinh vd chinh sdch chi trd O^n CO sd kgt qua thuc hien REDD d ede edp, ldm co sd phap li thong nhat cho hoat dgng nay trgn thye te trong thdi gian tdi.
+ Hodn tiuen eo chg gidm sdt va gidi quygt khigu nai, phan hoi y kien ddng gdp trong qud tnnh thyc hien Chuong tiinh REDD.
+ Hoan thien he tiidng chia sg lgi fch tren CO sd dya vao ket qua giam phdt thai hodc tdng cudng tiii lugng cdc-bon rirng trong pham vi todn qufic.
Nhu vay ed thg thdy, de thye thi cae Dl/QT vg bdo ve mdi trudng ed lien quan dgn tai nguygn rimg, cdc van bdn quy pham phdp luat vg bdo ve rirng tai Viet Nam trong
thdi gian qua dd khfing ngimg dugc hodn thien. Mac du eon mpt vdi han che song ngu dugc khdc phye kjp thoi, nhung quy djnh ndy se tao co sd phdp If thdng nhdt cho bao ve tdi nguygn rirng trgn pham vi ea nude dong thdi cung the hien nhiitig no luc vugt bdc cua Viet Nam trong viec chung tay ddm bao mdi trudng bgn viing cho sy phdt trign ciia nhdn loai./.
{l).Xem: Cdc cdng uac quoc te ve bdo vi moi trudng, Nxb. Chi'nh trj qu6c gia, Hh Noi, 1995.
(2).Xem: T6ng eye moi tnifimg, Diiu tra. khdo sal.
ling kit, ddnh gid thuc Irgng thi hdnh Lugi bdo ve moi Irudng ndm 2005 vd xdy dyng Ludt bdo vi mdi trudng (ssra ddi). Be tai nghifin ciru khoa hpc cap bo, m Noi, 2012.
(3). REDD dugc hifiu la giam ph^t thfii tii mat rung v&
suy thoai rimg. Day \h ca che dugc thiet ke de den dap -vk tai chinh cho chii rirng v^ ngu6i su dung rimg.
Theo CO che n&y, c ^ nuoc se do dSm va giam sdt lugng phat thai CO2 tir mk rung va suy thoSi rimg trong pham vi bi6n gidri nuoc minh. REDD \k mot U-ong nhtmg ngi dung d&m phin quan trpng trong khu6n kh6 Cong udc khung cua Lifin hgp quoc ve bi^n d6i khi hau (UNFCCC). No tao ra ngufin t^i Chi'nh moi phyc vy c6ng l^c bao v?, phat UiSn rimg, giSm phat thai khi nha kinh. D6ng thai, sang kien n^y cung gdp ph^n ck\ thien sinh k i cua ngucri dan dia phuong vh dang bAo dSn tpc thieu so true ti6p tham gia b i o v? v^
ph5l diln rimg... REDD djnh gia eho IrQ lugng c4c-bon cua rimg v^ dua ra cic kfch thich de han che mSt rimg, suy thoAi rirng, quan li ben vdng tSi nguyen rimg, bao t6n vk t3ng cudng trQ lugng cac-bon rimg nhlm dem Iai lgi (ch eho chii rirng vt ngucri sir dyng rtaig.
(4).Xem: Vu Thj HiSn, Luong Thj Tnrdng (ddng ehu bien), Biin ddi khi hgu va REDD, Ha Ngi. 2010.
(5).Xem: Trudng Dai hpe LuSt HS Npi, Gido trinh ludt moi irudng, Nxb. Cdng an nhSn dSn, Ha Noi, 2014.
(6). Ngudn: http://khoahoc.tv/viet-nam-tham-gia-giam- phat-thai-khi-nha-kinh-redd-52761, truy c$p ngSy 25/01/2016.
TAP CH! LUAT HOC s 6 3/2016