Tm>^:hflaaa tgc - CatgneM Tlhh. sin
So 2/2016
NGmftN C f t j f l ^ C B I E M D I N H D i r ^ G VASUNH TRlTdNG CA NHU (JSfartfteroueiBfl rAflrf/uiBM) TAI VtlNG VEN BIEN BAG TRUNG BO
SWDYONmrnSmONAtAND GROWTH CBARACTERISTICS OFBIeuthermmUThieeKKm IN NORTH CENTRAL VIETNAM
T4mBlah!,NguylnmiUi •S|»», nsHtiH.gBmig' Oai CMTkiif X s i j . , ^ - J l i J J K l a S l t N B i y j i M o biSl. OiSnc qu.: 07«5Ml6: N e l j 4 , ^ 1 fing: 13»ffl016' T6MTAT
/»0»« cua CO tupc the hen bHphmtg trinh hSi qayW' 10.0271'-'«' (If^o 9573) l'^'Ma:cimv,Eleuthemnam,rhadimm,dinh<h,Sns,shainiang ABSTRACT
'^^l^'iPr.nO'S'o'iprazoiS.CollectedMe.^e^measuredfcr^^anJU^gthandLcriJZr f'f'^''^'-:-(-''«^'^^l).S,<m^miin,es.,ne^resen^^fJ„Unel^^^^^
l^rau,ry.ThefeedU^ chcracteH^ ./M^snu,^ usingmetho,^ariU^4^^^Z ;Z d^rn.n^^ee^'reUonbetmenlengtkt^y^gO.of.heMI'yLaurenee 1951. michUcJlulTt tH.n g,, raker, m, spotted ca, had tke LGR (length gut ram) of 0.50 (,^g 0.52 . 0.5 ) mesTZh Zr^TT^'rj""'/''"'''^'' ^ " ' ' ^ " » " - ' " . l-^^--onuses and,.6% Lerfi7^
Keywords: Eleulhemnema rhadmwn, feeding characleristics I. BAT VAN D £
c a NhM ( d Nglte, ca Chet, d Glc) hay cdn gol a d Nhu SOng A (Ehuthemnema rhadinum) thuec ho d Phln (Polynemldae) duvc b i l l d i n nhu la I d i d ban dla v l cd
gia tr) kinh |4 cao a j a vOng b l l n Bac Tnjng Bo. Tip xa xua. ca Nhu da dmjpc dan gian x i p vao nhftm d b i l n thuong hgng -Chim, Thu, Nhu, €»-. Thit d Nhu chfta d c thanh phin c h i t bao khOng no, r l t d ipi cho hoat deng
'*'Khoa Nflng - Um - Ngi/. £^l hpc vioh
* Phan VWn ngh»n cOu nuNlrdiis Bfc Trang b$
mjCme DAI HOC NHA TRANG •
Tap chi Khoa hoc - Cons ni^hc Thm san So 2./20I6 mang te bao ciJa con nguo'i, giup lam giam
ham luoTig ma dir thiia trong mau Ca Nhu la loai rong muoi, thiro'ng phan b6 a vung nu'oc nong, do sau 5-8m. Ca phan bo tij' nhien a vung bien l a y Bac Thai Binh Du'ong, tiJ' Nhat Ban, Trung Quoc, Dai Loan, Viet Nam (Abu Hena va cs, 2011), Trong nhung nam g^n day, san li/gng ty nhien cua ca Nhu bi suy giam nghiem trong do viec khai thac qua mtj'c, dac biet vao mua sinh san Hien nay, 6 Viet Nam ca Nhu loai Eleutheronema tetradactylum. da du'oc Vien Nghien cuu Nuoi tr6ng thuy san I sinh san nhan tao thanh cong, tuy nhien tai Viet Nam, loai Eleutheronema rhadinum chu'a CO nghien cu'u nao Cac thong tin thu thap du'oc nhu' vijng phan b6, tinh hinh nuoi trong chi mang tinh tham khao, can thiet phai co nhung nghien cij'u mot each c6 he thong lam CO' so cho nhu'ng nghien cuu ti6p theo d6i v6'i d6i tu-ong nay Vi vay, chung toi da tiSn hanh nghien ci!ru so' bo ve dac t5iem dinh du'ong, sinh truong cua ca Nhu {Eleutheronema rhadinum) tai vung ven bien Bac Trung BID Nghien cu-u nay se la co so cho viec nghien cLi'u thuan du-ong va san xuat giong, nubi thuong pham d6i tu'ang nay
II VAT LIEU VA PHU-ffNG PHAP NGHIEN CU'U 1. Vat lieu nghien CLCU
Ca Nhu {Eleutheronema rhadinum) du'oc thu Ihap tai vung vu'c ven bien B^c Trung Bo So mau ca Nhu de phan tich dac diem dinh du'ong la 121 con, so mau ca Nhu de phan tich dac diem sinh tru'ijng la 90 con 2. Thoi gian va dja diem
' Nghien cij'u du'oc thuc hien tiJ- thang 04/2015 den 04/2016
- Ota diem nghien cuu Miu ca Nhu di^oc thu tai moi s6 noi ven bien B^c Trung Bo (Quynh Lu'u, Diln Chau - Nghe An, Ky Anh - Ha Tinh, Quang Ninh - Quang Binh) va miu ca duoc phan tich tai phong thi nghiem co- so Thi]y san - Khoa Nong Lam Ngu - Truong Dai
' TRUONG DAI HOC NHA TRANG
3. Phircng phap nghien ci>u
3 LPhuwig phap nghien CUV d^cdiSm dinh duong - Phu'cng phap thu m i u : Tien hanh thu miu tu' danh b^t b&ng lu'ai hoac ben ca, chp' ca a vung ven bien a khu vi/c B i c Tnjng bq. Tren hanh thu mau theo thang (m5i thang thu 30 miu) va cac m i u ca sau khi thu (JU'CTC xac djnh khoi lu'crng bang can dien tCf, do chieu dai ca bing thu'oc do co do chinh xac den mm. Miu ca de phan tich dac diem dinh du'ong {70 mau ca < 50g va 51 mau ca > 200g) sau khi thu du'gc tien hanh giai phau de lly ca quan tieu hoa va CO dinh nhanh bang formalin 10% nhim giij cho thi>c an trong da day, ruot ca khong bi tiSu hoa - Phuang phap phan tich: Tai phong th(
nghiem giai phlu l l y phan da day, ri>a trot thi>c an vao trong mot ong nghiqm bang nuoc cat, lam tieu ban, rot quan sat duai kinh hien vi d4 xac dinh thanh phan loai thu'c an.
- Cac cht tieu nghien ct>'U'
+ Pho dinh duang: Du'O'c nghien ct>u thong qua viec phan tich thu'c an hien dien trong ong tieu hoa cua cac m i u ca Nhu con va ca Icfn thu theo 3 phuang phap. Tan suit xu^t hien, dem- diem, k^t hap phuang phap tan suit xuat bi?n vai dem-diem ciJa Biswas (1973).
+ Xac dinh tinh an dua vao ty le tuang quan giua chieu dai ruot va cht§u dai {6ng. Gi5 tri RLG (relative length of gut) duyc tinh bang ti le giua chieu dai ruot (Lr) va chieu dai tong (Lt) (Al-Hussainy, 1949)
Chieu dai ruot RLG - Chieu d^i ruOl(Lr)/
Chieu dai tong (Lt)
3 2 Phuung phap nghien cuv dSc diem sinh tmvng Hang thang tien hanh thu miu, can kh6i lup'ng va do chieu dai ciia ca Nhu bIng cSn di^n tu {dO chinh xac 0,00 g) va thuac panme (0,1 mm),
Xac djnh moi tuang quan giua chilu dSi vd khoi lu'ang than theo Laurence, 1951:
W - a U Trong do
W Khoi lugng ca (g) L Chieu dai ca (cm) a La hang so tang truang b' He so tang truang
4. Phuang f t i ^ A V s£ oeu
caE#,liettA«(is X * » UteB ptHnng phap Hang tftisjjhajjjq . 0 s * 4i(TO f ^ A i a A n MI<xosollBa»I^Or„ ,
BI. l£ri]UAN6lil£N C l ^
1.10t qsa n H K o a u l V c t n i a d i i * d i i a n g J . l Cirquanbilni6i
^ pa NhM CO mllng f6ng « tan cOog ciia dhij Trots mieng o6 nhieu rsi^ nho va nhon.
tnoc thanh nhieu h ^ tren ham va xvong la nria. Tam rang tien ham va xifong la mla hinh vlng cung lien iuc Vdi mieng rgng va rang kha phat M i n . CO the dv doan day la ioai d an tUenvlaengvet.
Luge mang d N I H I d hinh que, phan b l trtn cao^Ucung mang. dcungmangtMrnhat CO tir 19 - 22 kicrc mang. cac luoc mang cfla d Nhu it p h « Iriln so voi d do lihac nhu d Mii (hmh 1).
BlnJi 1. K B I I dfiig mlfng ci 1,l,.Cciquan.0euli6a
a. T K ^ q u I n
"Hurc quln d Nhu ngan, dang Ing, miu tnSf^ nlm:l^sauxoang mieng hlu phia trong d rtrtu nip gSp chOnj Bthtfo quail cd Icha nSng co d i n k»n, d I h l chfla nhllu thdc I n oOng nhu ^ d c con mil d k l * t h i * c I6n.
vach th(re quln day. d u tao bdi 3 phire mang b a i ben ngo«, glOa la Idp co tron.
t i w g cflng la Mrp niem mac"i«ang bao n g d i vach Ihvc quin duvc tao b6l nhilu mS lien k i t Ldp CO ven fr gKra dly, xIp thanh 2 d?ng:
L6p CO vlng bao ben n g d l va I6p co dpc * ben trong (hMi 2). Niem msc Ihire; quSn gom 2 pliln: U>p d u # niem m?c mdng nSm c^nh l*p oo dec vaiiSp niem mac e> trong cUng duoc tgo b l i cac U l u md day, xen ke ben duOl la d c t l bao Bit dich nhly (nhftt) 0iip thi>c a n d ! dang di qua th^c quan.
b. Da day
Hiiib3.D9iUyaiNh9
TRtjewe OAI HQC NHA TRANG . 13
Tap chi Khoa lioc - Cons nghe Thu\ So 2/2016 Da day ca Nhu cd dang cht/ J, ngan, vai
vach day, mat trong cd nhi^u nep g i p nen CO the gian no va luc co bop rit Ian (hinh 3) Day la dang trung gian giua da day dang titi cua nhdm ca du va dang ong a nhbm ca an thuc vat Vach da day co 3 Id-p gi6ng vach thuc quan mang bao mo hen k§l a ngoai cung, gii>a la lop ca tran d l y xIp thanh 2 dang la ca doc ben trong va ca vong bao ben ngoai, trong cung la phan niem mac,
c Ruot
Ruot ca Nhu gap khuc, ngan, vach nj$t day, mat trong cua ruot co nhieu nep g I p n§n cd the CO dan Id-n de nuot nhung thi>c an ai kich thuac to (hinh 4)
V^ c l u tao, vach aiot ca Nhu cCJng gom 3 lo'p (gi6ng vach da day): Ngoai la mang bao, gtua la lap ca tren. trong cung la lo'p niem mac Ca vach ruot dly, mat trong ruot cd nhieu nep g I p nen cd the dan na nhim tang kich ca de cd the nuot dugc nhung logi thCfc an co kich ca (d'n nhu ca, torn (Kagade, 1970), d. Manh trang
Manh trang cua ca Nhu co dang hinh ong, mot dau bit kin, g i n vao ong tieu hoaanaitiep giap giua da day va rupl, Ve mat c l u tgo, vach manh trang cOng gom 3 lap ngoai la mang bao blng mo lien ket. giua la lap ca Iran v^ trong cung la lo'p mang nhay (hinh 5).
Manh trang co nhiem vy tiet ra cac enzym tieu hda va hap thu cac chat dinh duang tir cac thu'c an da tieu hoa Cac ca quan nhu gan va tuy bo sung cac enzym va nhieu hoa chat tieu hda khac khi thuc an chuyen d6ng trong he tieu hda
Hinh 6. Hinh dang cff quan tieu hoa cua c^ Nhu
14 . TRUONG OAI HOC NHA TRANG
TmiMmoa tec - emxn^ nmsin So 2/2016
1.31 Pii& ViOeSn <mmni a. rtn xultxiA hien cao Ksil BOo*
Tfil>c an cfia d Nhli con nho hdn WQ (Wt = 15,94 - 48,62 g) d 6 lo?i la giap xac, glun, dong vSt phleu sinh (BVPS), thuc vat phieu sinh CTVPS), mOn ba huu co ( m i n be HC) va thi>c an khac (hinh 9). Giai doan n%.
Hliili 7. Tlnsoitxiiit h£pii thfo jiB cOa ci Nhi^ GOH nlij hon 50 g Ben canh 6 lo»l thCite an b i t gap trong I n g tieu hda cBa d Nhg con Wt<50 g (giap xac, giun, deng v j t pha du, fluro v j t phu du, miln be hSu co, t h t e a n khlc),.trong I n g tieu hda cQa nhOng m i u d d kich ca len hon (Wt»200 g) c l n cd them d va nhOng met It t h i n m i m , khOng f h l y x u l t hien Thwo vet phi^
du va mun be hihi c o . U c nay, thiic Sn la giSp xac kich thudic n h l de Oix/e thay t h i bIng nhOng giap »ac kich thud^; I f t i j n h t f J d c a l I n g l o l l t6m, tep. cua... Nhu vey, Unh t n ciia d Nhy con © kfch ce nay dS g i n gllng vdl
d con thudrng an giap xac d kich thudv nhd.
Bong vet phieu sinh ma d Nhy con an B:
Ospepoda, C^adoceia, Rotifera va mOt It Protozoa; thuong gap nhat la Copepoda va day d t h i la thiic an ua thich cila d Nhy con vl no phu hap vol d u tao cfla d c co quan tieu h6a giai doan nay (rang nho, mjn: ruot ngin).
billttllClB EBiib 8. T&o xnit n i t h i ^ tbtrc an
cfiaciiN]igcoiildBliini200 g d t n i * n g thanh va day d t h i la giai doan chuyin tinh an d a d Nhy con n g d i t y nhien. Phan ttrfi m i u thflc an trong dg day va met d a SI m i u d Nhy Idrn hon 200 g du'oc thu thep da am thIy d c loai thOc an p h i b i l n la d con, giap xac. ( t i m . cua), trong dd d con x u l t hien w « t i n s6 bat gSp cao n h i t 50 mSu chllm y . 0 4 % , tUp d i n la giap xac 47 m i u chllm 92,09 %. (3 met v l l m i u d tim thIy d i n g vet t h i n m I m , vfA t i n s i x u l t hien t h i p 5,68%, chfl'ng td chflng d Oil an d dOng vet then m I m khi d l i .
TRUONG OAI HOC NHA TRANG. 15
Tap L hi Klioa lioc - Cons "^~^''-' ^^'".' -^""
J
So 2/2016 Theo ket qua nghien cuu cua Mai Ol-Lahi
va cs (2008) tren ca Nhu 4 rau thIy ring thanh phan thuc an chu yeu cua chung la giap xac nhd va ca nho Giai doan ca gi6ng va ca truang thanh thuc an chu y l u la tom, dong vat than mIm, ca nho d vung ven ba, vung cii'a song rung ngap man (Leis va Trsk, 2000) Theo Patnaik (1969) khi nghien cuu da day cua 804 mau ca Nhu 4 rau tu cd 16-840mm, tac gia cho biet tinh an thay doi theo sinh tnjong cua ca Nhu 6 kichthu'dctu 16-100mm, thij-canchilm toi 69,6% la l u tnjng tdm (Mysis), 10% la chan diu. 25% la copepoda d kich ca 100-300mm CO 43,2% la giap xac, 18,5% la ca Doi v6\ ca cd chieu dai Idn han 300mm thuc an chu yeu la tom (55,8%), ca (33,8%), giun (15,21%) Theo Motomura (2004) ho Polymenidae gdm phIn Idn la loai ca an day, con mdi chinh la giap xac va ca nhd Ca Nhu song d viing bien ven bo', vung cua song, vung nJng ngap man va chung CO kha nang bai nhanh, hoat dong bit moi rat tich cue ke ca ban ngay lln ban dem b Pho dinh dirang cua ca Nhy
Hinh 10. Pho Ihirc an ciia ca Nhu Thanh phan thuc an bat gap trong ong tieu hda cua ca Nhu gom ca, giap xac, than mem, dong vat phieu sinh va thu'C an khac Tuy nhien, chi cd giap xac, ca la 2 loai ca Nhu thuang an, phu hop vdi hinh thai cac ca quan tieu hoa va ca nhu cd the tieu hda tot Kit qua tren cho thay ngoai ly- nhien Nhu la loai ca an dong vat, pho thuc an g6m cd: giap xac, ca va than mem
Khao sat nhu'ng m i u ca Nhu cd thuc an chua dly trong 6ng tieu hoa thi thi>c an la ca con CO the chi^m din 73,45% ting khli luang thuc an cd Irong da day Ngoai ra thuc an la giap xac nho la torn, cua cung chiem ti le
I (' • TRUONG DAI HOC NHA TRANG
kha cao (23,61%). D i l u nay hoan to^n phii hop vdi tap tinh song, bat moi cung nhu d|c diem ca quan b i t m6i va tieu hda cua ca Nhy.
Ca Nhy cd rang kha phat tnen nen bat duyc cac con moi la ca nhd va cac !oai giap xac.
1 4 Tile chdu dai mot tren chieu dai than (LiA.c) K i t qua khao sat v l chilu dai ruot va chieu dai than cua cua ca Nhu tren 51 m i u ca cho thay- Chi s6 RLG (Relative length of the gut)
^0,50 Theo Nikolski (1963), ddi vdi nhung loai ca cd tinh an thien ve dong vat se cd trj so Li/Lc < 1, ca an tap cd Li/Lc =1-^3; ca an thien v§ thyc vat Li/Lc >3.
Bang 1. TiPcng quan chreu dai rudtv^
chieu dai than cua ca Nhu Cac chi tieu do
Chtlu dai tong Lc (cm) Chilu dai ruot Li (cm)
RLG
Trung binh (Min-max) 35,6 (28,9-38,3) 17,9(16-20) 0,50(0,52-0,55) Nhu vay khi so sanh theo thang bac cua Nikolski (1963) va sd lieu d bang 1 thi cd ttie nhan dinh ca Nhy la loai an thien ve dong v^t.
Mat khac, ca Nhu cd mieng rong, do ma cua rriieng rIt to, rang s i t ben, da day cd dgng hinh dng dai va vach day nen ca Nhu la loai an dpng v$t va CO the an nhung thuc an cd kich thuac Idn Quan sat thuc an trong ong tieu hda cho thay hau h i t thuc an trong I n g tieu hda la ca va torn Ket hap d$c diem hinh thai ben ngo^i, hinh dang ong tieu hda, thanh phIn tbii-c an co trong ong tieu hda va chi so RLG chung to c&
Nhy ia loai an dgng vat.
2. Dac diem sinh tru-o-ng ca Nhu Sinh truo-ng cua ca la qua trinh gia tang ve kich thudc va tich luy them ve khoi lup'ng ca the. Qua trinh nay dac trung cho tung lo^l ca va the hien qua moi tuang quan gilja chieu dai va khoi lugng ca the ca {Nikolski, 1963),
Phuang trinh tuang quan giipa chieu dai (L= 16,4-53 cm) va khoi lup'ng (W = 46-1482g}
tu 90 m i u ca thu duac, cua c^ Nhy Id W = 10,027 L"""^ vdi he so tuang quan R' ^ 0,9573 Vai gia tn R thu dupe cho thay tuang quan giua chieu dai va khoi lupng cua ca Nhu la rat chat che. Phan tich tuang quan giu'a chilu dai va khoi lugng cho thIy, khi c^
Nhu con nhd (L < 25 cm) ca tang trudng chu yeu ve chieu dai va tang trud'ng ve khoi fugng khong dang ke; khi ca Ian han (L > 25 cm), cd bat dau tang trydng nhanh ve kh6i lugng.
Tmt*iSimi(K~C^ns^nuvsan So 2/2016
afiid#.) Onh U. Tmmg q a u e b i ^ dU v i Idi& iDTiig
"Oieo Mai tmth Yfin vS d v (1982) thi si^
tSr^ nh£mh v ^ rfrfSu dSi d giai doan cTi^u cue 6b\ s6ng co y nghTa t h i d i nghi r^t \tm nham vu"Ol khfii a / rfj^n 6p cQa l(S thO; ^ u 36 qud trinh tang tnrfrng giOa diieu dSi \ ^ khfii lifpng dj§n ra sCTig song va trudc idc dgt s v ttiSnh OiMC sfnh dye \kn d l u c^ chfl yeu tang nhanh vS Idi6i lu'^img.
Theo Stanger (1974) khi nghidn ct>u vfe ca Nhg d Australia cho rang c& nhg \&n nhanh v6 k i d i thifdc trong 6 thang c^u. Quy lu$t nSy
cOng phQ hop doi von str tang t n j * n g cua ca Nhy ttHig t ^ n?tt§n.
Do ca A r a c l^ai thac chu y4u ven ba nSn kirfi CO nhd nen m i u ca 1cm nhat ma chung toi thu duoc ^ t chieu dai tong cdng 53cm. Tuy nhien, theo mo ^ cua ngu dan, toai nay c6 c N ^ dai t6ng (^»g tmng binh khoang 50cm, m#c di^ CO nhimg ca the vm diieu dai tSng o ^ ^ 200cm va nang t6i 1451^.
IV. K ^ LUAN
c a NlHi {Beuthemnema rhadinum) tai vCing ven N i n BacTamg b6 la nh6m ca an fifing vgt,
^ \& cWeu dai ruOt/chi§u dai than trung binh la 0,50 (6> 0,52 - 0.55). ThOc an ua ttiich cOa ca Nhy la cac kiai ca c6 kich ^ u 6 c nhd, ca COT (^a cac loai c5 CO k i d i thudc Idn va giap xac. c a Nhy CO ctfong d§ b i t m ^ Idn. khi phan tfch d9 day va myt ca thay chi>a 73,45% ca, 23,61 % giap xac. 1,34% dyng v$t than mSm va 1,6%thi>cankhac.
Quy lugt anh inrfing cua ca Nhy tuti'ng t y v6ri cac loai ca khac. I^huwng trinh tuwig quan giira c h i ^ ddi v^ kh6j luyrig cOa ca Nhy la W = 10.027 L"^'"" (R2 = 0,9573). Giai dogn nhfi ca tang t r u d i ^ niranh \ ^ chi^u dai.
TAI L i f U THAM K H A O
1. Abu Hena MJCet all.. 20U. Growth and survival of ImUan Salmon (Eleuthemnenia telradadum Shaw ISM)
l a b r a d d ^ w a ^ p o n d . ' 2. BswasSJ'J993. Manual ofracthod in fish biology. International Book Co, A b s c c o n H i g h ^ N J 157pp
3. L m , JAJ. & Tnirid, T 2000. ToUncmidae (TTiieadfin). In J i t Leis & B.M. CarsoiKwart, ers. The larvae of Mo^Kafic coastal fishes. An identification guide to marine fish krvae, pp. 435-440. Leitten. BrUl 4. Mai Ol-Uhi, et alt, 2008. Biological and Reproduction behaviour of Eleuihermema teiradaclum 5. MolonHira.a,Y.Iwatsufci, S. Kimma and TYoshino 2004. Revision of d,eIndo-Wesk Pacific polynemid fish
genus makenmaia (Telcostei: Perciformes). Ichlhyol. Res. 49(1): 46-47,
*• I ! ^ * " * ^ ; ^- ^ ' ^ ' • ^ • W ^^- <Ng«y&i Wn TMi, Trio Dinh Trong va Mai Dinh Yen djch). NXB D ^ 7. W n « l t S. 1969. A oouribui™ » t h e Ssi ami biology of Chak. Sahl, Eleulhemnema telredacban (Sluw)
ftoceedlogsofaieWiaNiilioniilScieiiceAcadeniy.Pm B. Biological Scences. 36,33-61
8. Stmga, JJB1974. Aslady of flie Bmmh, feeding ami rqiraduction of Ibe ftreadim, Eieudtewnema letradaclum (Shaw),
" ^ ^ ! f * 2 ^ ^ f v ^ T T O , Bin U i vi T A . Mai Thien, 1982. Ngi loji hjc. NXB D» hw va Traig hoc omqFai nght$p. Ha N0i, 392 trai^.
T1?UONG DAI HOC NHA TRANG* I?