Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o
Jst DU\G HOA CHAT P I - FOMI LAM
TUCCNG C A C HLY, VAcil NGAM, KET CAU ClfA GIO TROI^G KHAI THAC
MO HAM LO
In underground coal mining activities, at some countries, chemicals have been used in making artificial separation stoppings. Experiences have shown that, the separation stoppings made with chemicals have ensured the safety in mining and driving process, short constmction period and minimization in material transportation. In this paper the authors refer to the utilization of PU - FOAM chemical with its expansion properties for making separation stoppings, baffle plates, ventilation doors for improving the ventilation capacity and rilling up the goafs at underground coal mines
ThS. N O N G VIET HUNG Vi$n Khoa hoc Cdng ngh$ M6 - Vinacomin
KS DO MANH CUC/NG Cdng ty than Hing Thdi - TKV
KS T R A N DO-C T H A N G KS. PHAMNGOCTHiep Cdng ty CP thiit bi mdy cdng trinh Thdng Long
Bien t$p: TS. Tivtyng Duv Dtf
1.Datvind£
Vipc su dyng hoa chat de gia cudng khIi d i , d i o 16 qua phay, chlng nude ngim xuIng dudng 16, xay dyng tudng eich ly (nude, khi, chiy), . trong cong nghipp khai thic khoing s i n va xay dung eong trinh ngim da dugc su dyng rpng rai tai nhilu nude tren t h i gidi nhu: Ba Lan, Thyy Diln, Na Uy, Oe, CH Sec, My, Nam Phi v.v.
C i c hoa chit c6 nhilu lopi khic nhau tuy thupc vao tinh chit, die dilm d l i tugng v i myc tieu si> dyng, tuy nhien chung co dpc diem chung i i : de thi cdng, eo kha nang chong chiy hope kho bit lua, dong cung nhanh, mpt s i loai e6 tinh truang nd, chju lyc tot (cudng dp khing nen co t h i d i n 30 -^ 60 MPa). Trong khai thic than ham 16 tpi mpt so nude da su dyng hoa chit d l xay dyng tudng cich ly d mpt so dpng khic nhau nhu: tudng chin gio, tudng cich ly nude tpi chin 16 chg, tudng each ly eie khu vyc da v i dang khai thic... Kinh nghipm eho thay, su dyng tudng cich ly bang hoa chit da d i p ung duge myc tieu dit ra I i hpn ehl, ngan chpn eac y l u t l gay anh hudng (nude, khi, chiy) d i n q u i trinh dao 16 va khai thie tot han su dyng cac vpt lipu khac, eho phep thi cdng nhanh, giam thieu cong t i e vpn chuyin vpt lipu,
Khi thi eong c i c cong trinh ngam nhu eie eong trinh ngam phuc vy khai thac khoang san, cong trinh giao thong cong cdng, cdng trinh thuy dipn, thuy Igl, cac cdng trinh dpc biet, v.v, viee xay dyng c i c cong trinh ngim trong I6ng d i t khi dao bing khoan no min thudng bien ham thua
tilt dipn rat nhilu d i n tdi qua trinh do be tong ehi phi rat Idn. Bk giam the tich khoang chlng trude khi d l b6 tong cd the s u dyng vat lieu PU- FOAM dpng tnrang nd t h i tieh d l bam hoa chit nay chen bdt khoang trong khdng can thiet, lim giam ding ke khIi lugng vua be tong khi thi cong cong trinh ngim. Trong b i i niy gidi thieu Chung v l mOt s i v i n de ve xay dyng c6ng trinh ngim trong dieu kipn d i e bipt su dyng hoa chit trudng nd the tieh dh xay tudng cich ly khi chiy...trong nginh cdng nghipp khai thac khoing san v i xay dyng cong trinh ngim da dugc s u dyng.
2. Gidi thieu chung thanh p h i n hda chit triFO'ng n d PU lya chon
Polyurethane (PU foam) la mpt hgp chit hoa hpc dung d l each nhiet. lam g i i npm, giam khIi lugng s i n phlm, phan t i n nang lugng, noi.
trong eac ung dyng can s y linh hoat. Trong s i c i c chit deo khac nhau dugc tao bpt, bot polyurethane (PU) la lopi linh hoat nhat, ea trong tinh chit san p h i m v i s y d i ding trong san x u i t v a ung dyng.
Cho tdi euli nhij-ng nam 1950, bpt PU da Qveac tpo bpt vdi CO2 (carbon dioxide), duac giai phong khi isoeyanate phan ung vdi nude. Viec su dung ehlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) nhu chat tao bpt vat ly trong cuoi nhCrng nam 1950 lam eho viec san xuit, su dyng bpt polyurethane quy mo Idn tang nhanh. Vipc s u dyng CFCs nhu chat tao bpl d i n den s u tpo thanh bpt cung kin vdi khoi lugng thip, tinh chit ca hpe t i t va tinh kIK \ M s o 8/2015'CNKT H . \ M L 6
Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o
Hinh 1. Ldp dat tim tao vdch ngdn tam di bam hda chit PU tru&c khi tiSn hanh di be t6ng chiu tai cho c i c s i n pham goi, npm. Trong CFCs, CFC-11 dugc ehO y dae bipt do e6 nhu-ng dpc trung ly tudng d l lam chit tao bpt: khIi lugng phan t u thip, nhipt dp sol g i n nhiet dp phdng (23.8°C), dpc tinh thap, khdng chay va tinh dan nhipt thip. D i l u nay cung vdi tinh I n djnh hoa chit, nhipt r i t t i t va chi phi thip lam eho CFCs la chit tpo bpt dugc SCP dyng cho da s i bpt PU, dpc biet la bpt cich nhipt cung. Meth- ylene chloride dugc gidi thieu vao giCra nhung nam 1970 l i m chit tao bpt cho bpt deo va bpt liln da
Nhu ta da biet hda chit PU-FOAM gom hai t i l n chit A va B khi trpn trong dieu ki$n binh thudng theo tf Ip nhit djnh, cung mOt s i chit don khac sau thdi gian 3-5 phut truang nd t h i tich h i n hgp niy tang tCr 5-30 l i n chilm c h i khoang tring. Lgi dyng tinh nang n i y ma nhdm d l t i i da dua vao i p dung tai eie mo khai thic h i m 16 vung Quang Ninh. Sau khi nghien euu dilu kien hien trudng thye t l , hipn cac mo dang d i n khai thic xuIng cae muc sau han, vi vay, hp thing thong gid dudng Id chuin bj tang d i n den mang gio mo rat phuc tpp. D l co mpng gio t l i uu va hipu qua thi ngoii viec lya chpn sa do thong gio t i t e i n cd cac cdng trinh phan chia mpng gid.
nhu ehuyin hudng, ngan eich lulng gio thai eich hoac l i m tudng each ly...
Ope thii mpng gid eua khu vyc Hong Thai nhu via 24 cua Cdng ty than Hing Thii-TKV noi rieng v i cac md ham Id noi chung chu y l u ap dyng phuang phip thong gid hut chinh vi vpy cac tudng chin gio, tudng cich ly eie khu vyc khai thic r i t nhilu. Do h0 thong dudng Id nhieu, di
lai xa, mang gid phuc tap nen cong t i e thi eong cac tudng chan gio doi hoi thi cong nhilu, chit lugng cong trinh dam bao kh6ng bj ro gid tranh gay t i n thit gio chung eua mo. Mat khic cong t i e van chuyin vpt lipu d l thi c6ng cua gid, tudng chic gid, tudng eich ly eung gap khd khan nhu cae vj tri thugng thdng gi6. thugng van tai die chin, d i u 16 ehg hope eic vj tri c i n each ly chlng chiy chit hep c i c khu vuc doi hoi thi cong nhanh...
Dh giai quylt bai toan neu tren doi hoi phai c6 nhung vat lieu mdi tien ich, phu hgp vdi dilu kipn chiy no trong h i m Id d l thi cong cong trinh eua gid, tudng each ly... giam thilu cudng dp lao dpng npng nhpc eho ngudi cong nhan, dae bipt giai quylt dugc thi cong trong khong gian chat hep dudng 16. . d i p ung yeu eau san xuit, dam bao an t o i n gop phin ning cao hipu qua t l i uu mang thong gio md phuc vy khai thie than noi chung.
Cong t i e chuin bj: Khu vyc dudng 16 i p dung duac chuin bj theo sa do cong nghe khai thac cpt d i i theo phuang, bao gIm 16 dpc via thong gio, v i n tai va 16 thugng khdl dilm. Khai thac 16 chg bang phuang phip khoan n l min, chlng giu guang 16 chg bing cpt thuy lye dan x i khdp hope gia khung di dpng Sau khi khiu, chlng giu guang Id chg mdt chu ky t i l n hanh dieu khien d i vich.
Cong t i c l i m tudng chan eich ly: Trong qua trinh khai thie 16 chg khiu dat t u bien gidi ve khu Trung tam, 16 doc via vpn tai khong bi dinh s i p ma dugc bao ve va giu lai su dung lam 16 thong gio cho khai thie phan ting dual. Vipc thi cdng tudng chin each ly duge t i l n hanh theo trinh ty:
+ Lam c6p pha dieng twang chan each ly.
Theo tiln dp khai thac Id chg, cop pha d l l i m
Hinh inh cdc khSi PU foam sau khi duoc phoi trdn
KHCNM s o 8/2015* C NKTH.WI LO
Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe md
Hinh 2 Bam hop chit PU-FOAM vdo khodng trdng sau cot pha
tudng duge lim d vj tri tilp giip vdi 16 dpc via vin vat lieu can thiet phai ed san d l g i n kit cac tim tai. kich thudc cua d p pha va khong gian lim chlng t h i m , v i k h i n i n g khu vuc giap mai bi tudng chin phu thuoc v i o kich thudc tilt dien keo cang phai bj lopi tru khi co sy djch chuyen.
dudng 16 thi cong Vpt lipu lam d p pha c6 t h i su Sau do, cac tam chlng t h i m dugc dpt chlng len dyng g l tap tin dung, lilp vich ngan kit hgp t i m nhau vdi chieu rpng doan chlng phCi hgp.
bpt chlng thim va duac lien kit chae chan. Cac Idp vai chong t h i m dugc dai theo + Lam tifong chan each ly bang vat Ii0u nhan phuang hudng kinh bang he giin giao di dpng, fpo. Su dyng diy chuyen dong bp, bao gem: Idp chlng t h i m duac han vdi dTa nhya gan thu May bam, hoa chit loai UP-FOAM, cae phy kipn cong. Han c i c dTa nhya phai duge thye hi^n k6mtheo I i eic voi bam... Sau khi lim xong d p sao cho dam bao khong eo v l t xe rich khi tim pha cho tudng chin each ly, bam dung dich hoa chong thim bj keo. Sau khi t i m nhya duge k6o chit. H6n hgp niy dan nd v i dong k i t lpi trd cang, djnh vi chae chin tien hanh bam hIn hgp thanh tudng chin each ly. PU giua t i m ehan v i khoang ehong, hai tiln Khi thi cong dao him xuyen A Ha Npi - Lio chit nay dugc bam trdn day v i o khoang chlng.
Cai, xu ly giam hp so thua tilt dipn dudng him, 3. K i t luan
d i mo ta phuang phip v i trinh t y thi cong bam viec su dyng hoa chit d l gia cudng khIi da, hoa chat PU lap mot phan khoang chlng trudc chlng nude ngim xuong dudng 16, xiy dyng khi d l b6 tdng nham giam mot khll luang be tudng each ly (nude, khi, chiy)... trong cong tong tual tuang d l i Idn khi thi cong him xuyen nghiep khai thic khoang san ed t h i cai thipn cac i thupc goi thiu 04 - Dy i n dudng cao toe Npi die tinh eau tmc, tang dp b i n l i u dai, tang kha Bii - Lio Cai (ly trinh Km 244+155 d i n Km nang thi c6ng nhanh cac tudng each ly. No cung 262+353). Thi cong Idp Idt bing phun tpi cac yi co t h i duge su dung de thay t h i giam phin tri nhu dinh ham v i thanh h i m CO he s6 thua tilt khoang chlng khi do be tdng, chen lip cic di^n Idn. Theo thilt k l v6 him d l vdi chilu diy khoang khong khai thie md, vi t h i dp bin liu dai 40-60cm, tuy nhien, nhilu^vj tri v6 h i m bj lem cua viec chen l i p eung se tang len va gia thanh vio siu tdi 1,2m De dien day bdt nhung khoang cua cdng t i c chen l i p cung dugc giam di. KhIi trlng niy cin chen d i om le v i o khoang trong, lu-gng be tong d l phat sinh do Ipm khi dio giam tuy nhien neu vpn chuyen d i l i m omie va chen
bing thu cong thi mat nhilu thdi gian va tien dp thi cdng chim. Nen vi v i y nhom de t i i da su dyng phuang an dung h o i chit PU-FOAM.
Trong ehu ky thi cong dau tien, vai dia ky thuat dung de lam vach ngan rpng khoang 2-4m, duge g i n vao mpt ip nhd cac dTa nhya dpc theo chu VI him. Bing each b l tri cae dilm lien kit, eac
dang k l .
C6 the su dung hoa chat lopi UP-FOAM kit hgp mpt so vat lieu nhu tro bay hoac xi 16 cao cua eic nha may nhiet dipn tpi Vipt Nam vach ngan trong thdng gid mo, tudng eich ly hoic chen l i p mpt phin khoang chlng trong 16 trong (Xem tiip 6 trang 40}
KHCNM S6 8/2015'CNKT l U M L O
