n TRAO DOI & DIEN DAN
Can xay dung khu dirtrCrsinh quyen •
"Phong thi nghiem hoc tap"
cho phat trien ben vurng tai Viet Nam
GS. TS. NGUYEN H O A N G TRI
Long thu ky Uy ban qudc gia chUdng trinh Con ngUdi vd sinh quyen (UNESCO)
K
hu dfl trfl sinh quyIn the gidi (DTSQ) la danh hilu do UNESCO trao tang eho d c khu bao tdn thien nhien cd he ddng thUc vdt dpc ddo, phong phu, da dang. Y tUdng xay dUng khu DTSQ - Phdng thi nghiem hoc tap cho phat triln ben vflng (PTBV) tai Viet Nam nham giai quyet mdt trong nhflng van de thflc tiln quan trpng nhat ma eon ngUdi dang ddi mat biln nay, dd Id tao sfl cdn bdng gifla bdo tdn da dang sinh hoc (DDSH), d c ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien vdi sU thuc day phat triln kinh tl - xd hdi, duy tri cdc gia tri van bda truyen thdng, dap Ung nhu clu ngdy cang cao cua eon ngUdi. Day Id ^ d n g thi nghiem sdng eho viec nghiln eUu, giao due, dao tao va giam sdt eac he sinh thai, dem lai loi tch eho edng ddng dia phUdng, qudc gia va qude tl.C H C C N A N G KHU DTSQ VA PTBV
Khu DTSQ thudng dUde quy hoach thdnh ba vflng: Vung ldi, vung dim va vflng chuyin tilp. Mot khu DTSQ cd till cd mdt hoac nhilu vimg ldi, dd id d e khu vfle danh rieng cho bdo tdn DDSH, d c boat ddng giam sat, ngbicn cUu, giao due, tac ddng tdi thilu tdi cac he sinh thai.
Cdc vung dem thudng bao quanh vung ldi, phat triln kinh titren cd sd bin vflng sinh thai, nhfl du lich mdi trUdng, gido due mdi trUdng. Vung chuyin tilp phia ngodi eung thUc hiln cdc md hinh phat trien kinh tl, ndng nghiep ben vflng. ddng thdi cung Id noi gap gd vd lam viec cua cdc nhd khoa hpc, can bd qudn ly, d c
• KDTSQ the gidi Cdt Bd la md hinh mdu cho sU PTBV
thanh phan kinh doanh, boat ddng vdn hda... nham quan ly vd PTBV ngudn Ipi cua khu DTSQ,
Co sd Iy luan cho viee xdy dflng khu DTSQ thdnh md hmh PTBV dupe thi hien trong Chfldng trinh Nghien eflu da qude gia vl Con ngUdi va Sinh quyIn (MAB), vdi d e b tilp can cd ban "con ngUdi la mdt phan cua sinh quyIn", la "cdng dan sinh thai". Theo dd, chde ndng eua khu DTSQ phdi the hien cdc ylu td Cd ban trong giao due vi PTBV;
ddng gdp vao bao tdn da dang di truyen. loai. he sinh thai vd duy tri DDSH (chflc nang bdo tdn); tao diiu kiln cho cac boat ddng nghiln cUu va giam sdt, gido due vd trao ddi thdng tin gida cac dia phUdng, qudc gia va qudc te ve bao tdn va PTBV (chflc nang hd trd) va kit hop chat
ehe gifla BVMT va phat triln kinh te. ndng cao mflc sdng ngfldi dan.
Day Id nhan td ed ban, dam bdo cho sfl thdnh cdng cua cdng tac bdo tin (chde ndng phat trien).
Cde khu DTSQ tao co hoi iing dung nhflng nguyen tae PTBV vao cudc sdng eua ngfldi dan dia phUdi^
ddng thdi giup hp hilu dupe nhfli^
tac dpng ma hdnh vi va thai do cda minh cd the gay ra. Cdc khu DTSQ se gdp phan thUe hien 15 ndidungCfJ ban eua gido dye vi sU PTBV, dac biit la d c ndi dung vl mdi tnldng nhil:
Ngudn tdi nguyen thiin nhik (nUdc, ndng lUdng ndng nghiip *•
DDSH): Cde khu DTSQ thi hien m&
quan he vdi cdc vin dl bdo ton vsm nhiln vd kinh te, xa hdi, giup «*
ngUdi hpc dp dung nhflng phiK"'?
phdp mdi trong bao vl d c ngiM*
32iM6itrndngs6 8/2oi4
•.!4 •£« TRAO DOI & DIEN DAN
0
tiu nguyin thien nhiln ciia the gidi, nhiing thd thiet ylu cho sfl phat trien va song con ciia eon ngUdi.
Thay doi khi hau: Cln cd nhflng biln phdp degidm thilu nhflng nguy hgi ddi vdi bau khi quyen vd kiem scat nhflng tac ddng cd hgi cua hiln tupng thay ddi khi hgu.
Chuyen doi cd cdu ndng n^i&p ndng thdn: Cic hoat dpng giao due d khu DTSQ diu gan vdi nhu cau cu the vl ky ndng va nang lUc, nam bat d c ca hpi kinh tl, d i thiln sinh kl vd nang cao chit lupng cudc sdng cua cpng ddng dan cU ndng thdn.
Diiu nay se gdp phan giam thilu nan that hpc, bd hpc, mu chfl va bit binh dang gidi trong giao dye.
Bd thi hda ben vdng. Viec phdt triln d c khu DTSQ se gidm bdt sy cang thang cfla cic thanh pho dang ddi di^n vdi xu thi toan clu hda vd lam tang vj the cua edc thdnh phd.
Qua dd, nam bat nhflng cd hpi thUe hifn tien bd kinh t l - xa hpi vd d i thi|n mdi trfldng d dja phUOng, qude gia vd qudc tl.
Phdng chdng vd gidm nhe thien tai: Cac khu DTSQ gdp phan giam nh? thiln tai d nhflng noi md cpng ddng din cU dang phai ganh chju hay bj de dpa. Kinh nghi|m cho thiy, nhflng tdc ddng tich cflc cua gido due ddi vdi vile gidm nhe nguy ed thdm hpa, thiln tai. Vi dy nhU, tre em biit d c h ddi phd trong trUdng hpp cd lu lut, d c nhd lanh dgo hpc each d n h bdo k)p thdi cho nhan dan va todn the xa hpi dl phdng trong trUdng hpp cd thiln tai xay ra. Kien thflc phdng chdng va giam nhe thiln tai da cung cap cho xl hpi nhflng chiln lupc va phuong phap tU cflu vd giam thieu rdi ro. Khu DTSQ mang lgi mpt tu duy mdi vl khoa hpc bao tdn vd cho thiy mdi quan h | hai bda.
KHU DTSQ - " P H 6 N G THf N G H I £ M HQC TAP"
CHO PTBV
Khdi ni|m "Phdng thi nghi|m hpc tdp" cho PTBV dUpc nlu tai H^i nghj Todn t h i lin thd 19
Xay dripg khu DTSQ- md hinh PTBV tai Viet Nam
lOTDnBePHATTRI^ PHitinitfN Bi B i o I B M
M6 hinh Khu DTSQ - Phdng thi nghiem hpc tap cho PTBV
KHU •HTTRO' SINH QUV&<
P H A N G THf N S H I I M HQC T«P CHO P H A T TRirH BEH V O X G
(thing 10/2006) cua Hdi ddng Diiu phdi Qudc t l (ICC) eac khu DTSQ tgi Chuong trinh Con ngUdi va Sinh quyen (MAB). Cac khu DTSQ dupe coi nhU cde "phdng thi nghilm" kilm tra nhflng sdng kiln ben vflng trong viec dieu phdi cac hogt ddng kinh tl, mdi trUdng va xa hdi. Sau dd nhflng kinh nghilm nay se dUpc chia se vd nhdn rdng trin pham vi ea nUdc, nham tim ra cdc giai phap vd ap dyng hieu qua. Dly la mdt each ndi an du.
Nlu coi Khu DTSQ la "Phdng thi nghiem" thi d c y tUdng kit hpp hdi hda "bdo tdn d l phat triln" vd
"phdt triln d l bdo tdn" la ede "ehat thi nghilm".
Y tudng bdo tdn tdt vung Idi (cdc vUdn qudc gia, khu di sdn. edng viln dia ehat hay d c khu bao tdn thiln nhien) se tao diiu kiln cho phat triln kinh tl, dgc biet Id du lich sinh thai, du lich van hda, du lich ve edi ngudn... NgUde lai, cdc boat ddng kinh t l d d e vflng dem vd chuyin tiep se tao dieu kiln ndng cao ehat lupng cudc sdng cua ngUdi dan, tgo cdc ngudn thu tfl phi va thuc mdi trfldng, ddng gdp cho cdng tac bao tdn.
Nlu PTBV la sU phdt trien ddp flng nhdng nhu cau cua hiln tai md khdng ldm tdn hai den khd nang cua cdc the he tuong lai thi khu DTSQ se la md hinh cho sfl phdt triln ndy.
So 8/2014 Mdi trddng 33
m
TRAO DOI & DIEN DAN Diiu ndy hoan toan phu hpp vdi Chuong trinh Nghi sfl 21 eua Dang vd Chinh phu vl d e giai phdp PTBV dit nUdc trong dd nhin mgnh quyIn Ipi vd trach nhiem cua mpi ngUdi dan ddi vdi van de mdi trUdng va khang dinh quan diem phdt triln theo phfldng thUe dam bao kit hdp hdi hda gifla tang trfldng kinh te. xda ddi giam ngheo, edng bang xa hdi, sfl dyng hpp ly tdi nguyin thiln nhien va BVMTKhu DTSQ dang la md huih PTBV trong d e nfldc phat trien nhU CHLB DUc, Phap, Tay Ban Nha...
Mac du, Viet Nam mdi hdi nhap mang lUdi d c khu DTSQ thi gidi, nhUng da ap dung nhflng tien tien, d c h tilp can hieu qua dl gdp phan xay dUng cac khu DTSQ cua Vilt Nam nhu nhflng md hinh PTBV trong tUdng lai.
Hien tgi, Vilt Nam ed 8 Khu DTSQ thi gidi dUpc UNESCO edng nhan: (Can Gid, Cat Tiln, Cdt Bd, chdu thd sdng Hdng, Kiln Giang, Tly Nghe An, Cu Lao Cham - Hdi An, Mui Cd Mau). Viet Nam can xdy dUng d c khu DTSQ- Phong thi nghiem hoe tap cho PTBV, nham kit hdp hdi hda gifla phdt triln bin vflng ve kinh tl, vdn hda - xa hdi vd mdi trUdng:
• Khu DTSQ the gidi Cu Lao Chdm dUdc xem nhU "Phdng thi nghiem hgc tap cho sU PTBV" mang lai mot tU duy mdi ve khoa hgc bdo ton
PTBV ve mdi trUdng: Song song vdi viec bao tdn nghiem ngat d cic vung Idi, can cd cbinh sach va hUdng dan khai thac d c ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien mdt each hdp ly, sfl dung tilt kiem, cd hieu qua, bao ve tinh DDSH.
PTBV ve kinh te: DIu tU cd hilu qua vung dim, vung chuyin tiep va duy tri tde dp tang trUdng kinh te eao, dn dinh trong mdt thdi gian dai.
PTBV ve vdn hda - xd hgi, gan tang trUdng kinh te vdi tiln bd, xda ddi gidm gheo, tang phuc Ipi
xa hdi, duy tri edng bang xa hoi, bao ve va phat triln ban sac van hda dan tdc.
Ba Iinh vUc trin cd mdi quan h|
mat thiet vdi nhau, tao diiu kien vi tdc ddng ldn nhau trong vile dnJc hien chflc nang eua khu DTSQ. Do dd, tuy theo dieu kiln cy tbivd trong tflng thdi dilm nhat dinh, co the ilu tien linh vfle ndy hay linh vUc kia, nhUng phdi kit hpp chat che, hpp 1^
gifla ba mat dd trong moi thdi ky vi trong sudt qua trmh phat triln theo yeu d u eua P T B V B
LAM DONG:
Phe duyet Dif an xay dUng bai rac mcfi tai Di Linh
L
] BND tinh Lam Ddng da phi duyet ' Du an xdy dflng bai chdn lap chat thai ran, dien tich 3,2 ba, tai khu vUc Cau 4, xa Gung Re, huyen Di Linh. Theo thilt kc, bai rdc gdm 4 phdn khu chinh: He thdng thu gom rdc; He thdng chdn lap; He thdng xU ly nflde, khi thai vd he thdng dUdng ndi bd, nhd diiu hdnh. Du an dUOc dau tU bang ngudn ngdn sach nha nUdc vdi 23 ty ddng, dupe chia ldm 3 giai doan: Giai doan 1 (tfl nay din ndm 2020), giai doan 2 (tU ndm 2021 den ndm 2025) vd giai doan 3 (tfl ndm 2026 din nam 2030). Dfl kiln bai rac sc dUa vdo boat ddng tfl quy 4/2014.ANH TUAN
QUANG N G A I : Tang cUdng cong tac BVMT
" " hflc hiln Nghi quyet sd 41/
i NQ-TW eua Bd Chinh tri ve BVMT; Chi thj sd 29/CT cua Ban Bi thfl vl day mgnh cdng tae an toan lao ddng. vl sinh lao dpng trong thdi ky cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda va hdi nhap qude tl, Quang Ngai da td chfle 450 phong trao, hoat ddng vl BVMT; Phat hanh 50.000 td rdi, 2.500 poster tuyin truyin, phd biln, gido due phdp luat BVMT.. Tfl nam 2007 din nay. 14 hd sO bao d o danh gia tae ddng mdi trUdng cua edc dU an tren dja ban tinh da dflOc Bd
TN&MT tham dinh, phe duyet; i 179 hd so da dflpc Sd TN&MT j tham djnh va trinh UBND linh phe duyet; 11 dU an dflpc cap | giay xac nhgn da thUc hi|ii cac edng trinh, biln phdp BVMT; 1 556 hd Sd dUOc xae nhan da thiic hiln cam kit BVMT.
TU nlm 2011 - 2013, Sfl TN&MT da thuc hiln 26 cu^c thanh, kiem tra tai 26 td chdc ca sd san xuat kinh doanh va n quyet dinh xU phgt mpt si cdrf cd hdnh vi vi pham phap ludtw BVMT vdi tong sd tiln 750 trjfo ddng. HUONG TBAN
341M61 trddng s6 s/201 A