XAC DTNH MOI QUAN HE G I C A C A C Y £ U T 6 H I N H THAI, CHirC NANG, THE LV'C CHUYDN M 6 N VA TY TRQNG ANH mrONG CUA CHUNG TOfl THANH TICH THI DAU
CUA NAM VAN D Q N G V I £ N KARATE-DO LlTATUdl 13-14QUAN LONG B I £ N , THANH PHO H A N Q I
ThS. Mai Thj Bich Ngpc Trudng Dfi hpc TDTT Bic Ninh Summary:
Wring routinely scientific methods to select 15 tests lo assess morphological, physiol- ogy jimctions and level of expertise for male Karate-do athletes aged 13-14 at Long Bien District, Hanoi. On that basis lo determine the relationship between morphological fiinc- tional and expertise factors, and ratio, their in influence on performances of male karale- do athletes aged 13-14 at Long Bien District, Hanoi The results showed that: morphologi- cal physiology functions and level of expertise have influence on the achievement of male Karate-do athletes aged 13-14. However, the degree of influence of each factor is different:
In particular morphological factor has the least impact on the good performances of the athletes at the age of 13 and 14 and expertise factors have Ihe biggest impact on good per- formances of the athletes.
Tdm t i t :
Su dyng cdc phuang phdp nghien cuu khoa hpc ihudng quy lya chpn dupe 15 lest ddnh gid dgc diem hinh thdi, chiic ndng tdm -sinh ly vd trinh dp thi lyc chuyen mdn (TLCM) cho nam VDV Karate-do lua tiidi 13-14, Qugn Long Bien, thdnh phd Hd Npi Tren casddd, xdc dinh mdi quan hf giOa cdc yeu lo hinh thdi, chicc ndng, the lyc chuyen mdnvdty Irpng dnh hudng cua chung lai thdnh tich thi ddu cua nam vgn dpng vien Karate-do lim mdi 13- 14. qugn Long Bien. thdnh phd Hd Npi. Kit qud cho thdy: Cdc yiu id hinh thdi, chue ndng tdm - sinh ly. TLCM deu cd tdc dpng din thdnh lich thi ddu ciia nam VDV Karale-do lira mdi 13-14. Tuy nhien, mirc dp dnh hudng cua moi yiu td cd khdc nhau: Tivng do, yiu id hinh thdi cd dnh hudmg il nhdl ldi thdnh tich thi ddu cua VDV a lira mdi I3vd Mvdyiu id TLCM cd dnh hudng Idn nhdl ldi thdnh tich thi ddu aia VDV.
DAT NAN Dfe
Du nhfp vio Viet Nam til nhdng nim 40, Karate-do d i trii qua mft thdi ky liu dii khdng ngiing phit tridn ci vd sd lUpng vi chit lupng luyfn tfp, Didu niy dupe khing djnh bing nhOng tim huy chuong ving, bfc, ddng cua cic VDV trong cic cufc so tii d khu vyc cung
nhu qudc le vdi cic gUOng mft xuat sic nhU: Nguyen Trpng Bao Ngpc, Hoang Ld Thu Thuy, Bill Vidt Bing, VO Hdng Tliu,,, vi gan diy nhat la \ ' D \ ' Ld Bich PhUong, ngUdi ddpc gpi ii cd gii vang cua Vift Nam tai Asiad 16 (ngUdi dinh dupe tam huy chUong ving duy nhit cho doan thd thao Vift Nam), Hifn nay. Karate-do da trd thinh mdn the thao mui nhpn dupe diu tu phit tridn vi cliidm mpt phan quan trpng trong nen TDTT nifdc nhi,
Dd phit trien tlianh ti'ch thd tliao mdn Karate-do ngang tam vdi khu v\fc vi trdn thd gidi cin phii di siu tim hidu die diem co the, die diem chile ning, ky - chidn thuft, cic yeu td tim ly, sinh ly, trinh dp thd li^c ctia VDV til dd tim ra die die diem cd tac dpng tich cpc tdi hifu qui trong tfp luyfn va thi dau cua VDV Karate-do,
Trong nhiing nam gan day, da cd rat nhidu tie gia quan tam tdi % iec nghidn cim vd VDV Kaiate-do trd nhu: Tic gii: Hoang Phuong Thuy (2004), Tic gia: Tran Tuin Hidu (2004),,, Cie dd tai tren da quan tam den nhieu linh vyc nhu tuydn ehpn, dinh gii ttinh dp hay phat triln cie to chat the lyc cua VDV Karate-do,,, Wy nhien, chua cd tic gia nio quan tam nghidn cuu vd hlnb thii, ehiic nang ca thd va thd lyc chuydn mdn ciia VDV, dfc bift la moi quan hf giua chimg v i anh hudng cua chimg tdi thanh tich thi dau cua VDV,
Chinh vi vfy, chiing tdi tidn hinh: Xdc dinh moi quan hi giUa cdc yeu td hinh thii, chiic ning TLCM vd ty trpng dnh hudng ciia chung tdi thdnh tich thi ddu cda nam VDV Karate-do lila mSi 13-14 Quin Long Biin, Thdnh phSHd Npi.
PHU'ONG P H A P NGHIEN CCU
()ui trinh nghidn ciiu sir dyng cic phuang phap:
- Phuong phip tham khio tii lifu - Phuong phip phdng van - Phuang phip kidm tra su phfm - Phuang phip toin hpc thing kd KfeT QUA NGHlfeN CtTU VA B A N LUAN
1. Lpa chpn Test dinb gii hinh thii, chue n i n g eo t h i v i t h i 1 ^ chuydn mdn cbo nam vfn dfng vidn Karate-do lira tuii 13-14 Quan Long Bidn, T h i n h pho H i Npi
Lya chpn Test dinh gii hUih thii, chile nang cO thd vi thd lilc chuydn mdn cho nam VDV Karate-do lila w6i 13-14 Qufn Long Bidn, Thinh phd Hi Ndi thdng qua cac bade:
Tham khio tii lifu, qua sit sU phfm. phdng vin bing phidu hdi trdn difn rpng, ddng thdi sil dyng pbdong phip toin hpc Uidng kd dd xic dinh dp Un cfy vi tinh thdng bao cua cic Test, Kdt qui thu dupe 15 test du tidu chuin danh gia: Thd hinh thii, chdc ning tam - sinh ly vi trinh df thd lyc chuydn mdn cho nam \ ' D \ ' Karate-do Ida tudi 13-14; De dinh gii hinh thii, dd tii lpa chpn dupe 04 Test: Chidu cao (cm), can nfng (kg), chi sd lay (%) VJ chi s6 chin (%): Dd dinb gii chile ning sinh ly, dd tii lua cbpn dtipc 03 Test gdm:
Mfch ydn tinh (lin/phut). Dung tich sdng 0). Cong ning tim; Dd dinh gii chile ning tam Iy, dd tii lUa chpn dilpc 03 Test Phin Xf don (ms), Phin xf philc (ms), Lofi hinh thin kinh (didm) va dinh gii hinh dp the life, da li^a chpn dupe 05 Test: Dim tdc d$ 10s (lin), Di Maegeri 15s (lin). Dam 2 dich ddi difn each 2,4m trang 30s (lin), Di 2 dich ddi difn cich 3m trong 20s (lan). Dam tay sau 10 myc tidu (s).
2. Xic djnh mii quan hf giira cic ylu t l hinh thii, chirc ning, TLCM vi ty trpng inh huwng ciia chiing tdi thinh tich thi diu cda nam VDV Karate-do Ilia tull 13-14 Qufn Long Bidn, Thinh phi Hi Npi
Sau khi lya cbpn dupe 15 test dinh gii hmh thii, chiic ning tam - sinh ly vi trinh dp TLCM cho nam VDV Karate-do liira wli 13-14, dl lai tiip tyc tim hieu moi quan hf giiia cic ylu tl hiiJi tbii, chiic nang tim - siiUi ly va tiinh dp TLCM vdi thinh tich Uii diu cua VDV, Can luu y iing, nhimg test da lya chpn thupc nhdm ylu to thanh phan li nhiing Test cd dil phim chit, dam bio dp tin cfy vi tinb Uidng bio d ca 2 liia Wdi 13 vi 14, Bing phuang phip xic djnh mdi Wang quan cua tiing cfp test vdi nhau (mdi Wang quan cfp giiia cic test) de tii Uiu dupe kit qua tnnh biy tfi bing I vi bang 2,
(Jua bing 1 vi 2, cho thiy, d ca 2 liia Wdi cd r^^ ldm ban r vdi P < 0,05, Vfy d ci 2 Ilia wli cic test diu cd moi Wong quan mfnh, chi cd mpt vii test cd mii Wang quan ylu vdi test niy nhung Ifi cd Wang quan mfnh vdi test kia, Cy thi, cic chi so hinh thii vi chure ning cd Wong quan mfnh vdi cic Test dinh gii trinh dp TLCM, Tuy nhidn, giiia cic chi so hinh Uiii vi chiic ning tam - sinh ly cd nhiing chi sl cd mii Wang quan rit chft nhu chidu cao (cm), can nfng (kg) vdi Dung tich sdng (1)„, nhung cOng cd nhihig chi sl cd moi Wong quan chua cao nhu chi so tay (%), chi sl chin (%) vdi Lof i hinh Uiin kinh (diim) hay ehilu cao (cm), cin nfng (kg) vdi phan xf dan (ms), phin xf phiic (ms), Lof i hinh Uiin kinh (didm),,.
Til cic mdi tucmg quan cua cic test dinh gii hinh thii, chue ning tim - sinh ly vi TLCM cda nam VDV Karate-do lira wli 13-14 de tiiiy iing dl nang cao Uiinh tich Uii diu cho doi wpng nghien cuu cin phii phit tiiln dong diu cic mft: Hinh Uiii, chiic ning tam - sinh ly va trinh dp TLCM cua VDV Karate-do,
Chung Idi iiep tyc xic djnh mdi Wang quan giiia cic ylu to: Hinh Uiii, chiic ning tim - sinh ly, trinh dp TLCM vdi nhau vi vdi Uianh tich thi diu, dong Uidi xic djnh ty tipng inh hudng cua eic yeu to hinh Uiai, chue ning tam - sinh ly vi TLCM din Uiinh Iich Uii diu cua nam VDV Karate-do liia wdi 13-14, Su dyng phuang phip ciia Panma LC, Engo L,G, phuang phip niy xic djnh ty ti^ng anh hudng (b) cua timg ylu to thinh phin ddn Uiinh tich thi dau, tii dd xac djnh dupe hf sl Wang quan da nhan tl (Rx,y,2...).
310
15 0,889
14 0,885
, -.
E
hdc nil 13 (n-1
h thii, c uatuli
Oa cic test dinh gii hin • nam VDV Karate-do
Tirarng quan gi TLCM eu
Bing 1.
f S
=
o
»
ao
r*
«
tf)
-^
m
r*
-
0,879 0,847 0,832 0,692 0,712 0,704 0,702 0,789 0,635 0,627 0.632 0,867 0,842 0,837 0,851 0,825 0,687 0,723 0,707 0,725 0,739 0,662 0,637 0,876 0,853 0,847 0,872 0,667 0,715 0,712 0,659 0,668 0,653 0,855 0,864 0,873 0,857 0,869 0,656 0,707 0,703 0,656 0,662 0,867 0,866 0,847 0,859 0,862 0,656 0,723 0,725 0,638 0.862 0.861 0.860 0,873 0,835 0,833 0,832 0,827 0,866 0,867 0,853 0,851 0,745 0,727 0,723 0,856 0,847 0.843 0,835 0,707 0,723 0,856 0,850 0,851 0,842 0,725 0,875 0,842 0.846 0.853
0.866 0,862 0,855 0.836 0.827 0,823 0,827 0,827
^^ H ^-^^^
0,823
0,747
0,767
0,759
0,705
0,663
0,651
0,642
HH-2£Z L
---
0,835
I-i I S
•S B S. E
E '2
-co .a
.s^ ,a •=•
s -s e
ii
s
• ^ ^ * ^
,.s s ^ I © ff
: S 'B
311
•= 2 ~
• &
i .S
5"
ll 14 (n= cua nam VDV Karate-do ilia tu( TLCM 15 0.876
-*
t*i
n
=
o
Os
0 0
1 ^
so
m
n
0,881 0,874 0.842 0,842 0,689 0,721 0,724 0,712 0,776 0,623 0,637 0,859 0,847 0,832 0.843 0,828 0,682 0,728 0,717 0,729 0,755 0,650 0,647 0.870 0,874 0,863 0,849 0,873 0,861 0.873
0,862 0,871 0,851 0,857
0,661 0,661
0,719 0,716 0,669 0.661 0,701 0,711 0,646 0,677 0,869 0,837 0,850 0,853 0,663 0,731 0,719 0,639 0,845 0,868 0,861 0,854 0,841 0,749 0,725 0,727 0,868 0,853 0,851 0,847 0,838 0,717 0,723 0,862 0,856 0,855 0,841 0,832 0,728 0,867 0,871 0,863 0,868 0,835 0.823
tw o
0.837 0,825 0,825 0,848 0,820 0,836 0,851 0,820 0,827 0,832m i 0,84 5 1
0,824
0,833
0,735
0,769
0,745
0,712
0,673
0 647 0,639
0,712
1 o 1 3^ ^ H
rs
0,773
- H
Vifc xic dinh miic dp inh huong cua cic nlidm nhin td dupe thye hifn theo trinh ty theo cae budc nhu sau:
Budc 1: Lya cbpn bf tbdng cic test kidm tra danh gii hinh Uiii, chiic ning v i TLCM cho tiing liia Woi, sau dd phan chia cac test Uieo timg nhdm ydu td (trong de tii la cic nhdm hinh thai, chiic ning tam - sinh ly v i TLCM),
Budc 2: Tinh didm theo thang dp C cho tung test d cie 'VDV Uieo timg nhdm ylu to, sau dd tinh diem bmh quan ciia timg ngudi vd cac ydu td thinh phan gdm hinh thai, chiirc ning tam - sinh ly v i TLCM, Tidp theo la xac djnh tiiinh tich thi diu cua VDV (dupe xic djnh qua vifc sip xdp thii hfng cua cac VDV theo luat Karate-do hifn banh), qua dd su dyng cic cdng thue toin hpc thdng kd thdng thucmg dd tinh gii tri x v i d.
Budc 3: Xac dinh hf sd Wong quan cap giua cic ydu td hinh thii, chiie nang tam - sinh ly, TLCM v i hf so inh hudng (ty trpng anh hudng) cua timg nhdm ydu td len thanh tieh thi diu.
Kit qui thu dupe tiinh biy d cac bang 3, bang 4 vi bidu dd 1, bidu dl 2,
Bing 3. Mil tinimg quan giiia cic ylu t l hinh thii, chirc ning tam - sinh ly, TLCM vdi nhau v i vdi thinh tich tbi diu cua nam VDV Karate-do 13 tull (n=16) TT
1 2 3 4
Nhdm ylu t l | 1 | 2 Thinh tich Uii diu ^ ^ ^ ^ | 0,683 Hinh Uiii
Chiic ning tam - sinh ly TLCM
Hf sl tuong quan da nhan t l (R)
3 0,713
^ ^ ^ H 0,681 4 0,732 0,711
^^^H
F . = 0,6792
Kit qui bing 3 cho thiy: C) lua Wdi 13 giua 4 ylu to v i thinh tich Uii dau cd 6 mdi Wcmg quan. Kit qui 1,^^, > i,,^ = 0,4683 vdi P < 0,05, Hf so Wcmg quan da nhan td cd i = 0,6792, Vfy cic yeu to thinh phan cd moi Wang quan mfnh vdi nhau v i vdi thinh tich thi dau (P
<ao5)
Bing 4. Mil tuwng quan giira cic ylu t l hinh thii, ehiic ning tim - sinh ly, TLCM vdi nhau v i vdi thinh tich tbi diu ciia nam VDV Karate-do 14 tuii (n=14) TT 1 Nhim ylu tl
1 Thanh tich Uii diu 2 Hinh Uiii
3 1 Chile ning tim - sinh ly 4 m ' M
Hf sl luong quan da nhan to (R)
1 j 2
^ m 0,672
3 0,704
^ ^ ^ ^ 1 0,669 4 0,702 0,698
^1^1
^ ^ • ^ ^ B
f = 0,6247
Kdt qua bing 4 eho Uiiy: d liia wli 14 cd 4 ylu Id thinh phin vi thinh dch Uii diu cd j/f 6 moi Wang quan, i^^^ > r = 0,4973 vdi P < 0,05, Hf s l Wang quan da nhan td tim dupe ,
cd 1 = 0,6247 j Hf s l Wang quan thu dupe d bang 3,6 v i 3.7 li khi cao du cho Uiiy cae chi tidu di lya
chpn dd dinh gii da phan anh rat tdt trinh dp tfp luyfn eua VDV tid, Cic nhdm yeu tl thinh phin cd vai trd quan brpng, anh hudng Idn tdi thinh tich thi diu cua VDV d ci 2 liia Wdi 13 va 14.
Vfy eic ylu tl thinh phin cd mdi Wang quan mfnh vdi nhau va vdi Uiinh tich thi diu (P<0,05),
v i n dl tiip theo li cic ylu t l hmh Uiii, chiirc nang tam - sinh ly va the lyc tixing phfm vi nghidn cihi tic dpng den UiiiUi tich tbi diu tdi miic dp nio? Giii quylt van dl niy chiing tdi da xic djnh ty trpng anh hudng ciia chung din thanh tich thi diu ciia nam VDV Karate-do liia i
Wdi 13-14, Kit qua dupe tiinh biy dbing S, . Bing 5. Ty trpng inh hnvng (b) cua cic nhdm ylu t l hinh thii, chiic ning tim -
sinh ly, TLCM din thinh tich tbi diu eiia nam VDV Karate-do lihi tuii 13-14
Lftatiill
I3(n=16) 14(n=14)
Ty trpng inh hudng Hinh thii
Hfsl 0,152 0,141
% quy dil 15,2 14.1
Chiie ning tim - sinh ly Hfsl
0,232 0,228
% quy dii 23,2 22,8
TLCM H f s l 0,295 0,256
% quy dii 29,5 25,6 Qua bing 5 cho thiy:
d lira wli 13 ylu id hinh Uiii cd inh hudng din thinh tieh Uii diu It ban ci ehilm 15,2%: Tiip din li chiic ning tim - sinh ly ehilm 23,2% v i TLCM cd inh hudng Idn han ci tdi Uiinh tich Uii diu cua nam VDV ehilm tii 29,5%,
6 lira wli 14, ylu to hinh Uiii cung cd inh hudng din Uiinh tieh thi diu it ban vi cd miic anh hudng Idi Uiinh tich Uii diu it hon liia wli 13 v i cbilm 14,1%; Tiip din li ehite ning lam - sinh ly chiem 22,8% vi TLCM cd inh hudng Idn nhit tdi Uiinh tich Uii diu ciia VDV vi ehilm tdi 25,6%, Wy nhidn ty If niy van nhd hon so vdi liia wdi 13, Diiu niy cd nghia, Uiinh tich thi diu ciia VDV liia wli 14 ehju inh hudng cua nhieu ylu tl chi phoi mi chiing tdi chua tien hinh nghidn ciiu ban so vdi liia Woi 13,
Cd Uid nhfn Uiiy ting ty tipng inh hudng cua cic ylu tl hinh Uiii, chiic ning Iim - sinh ly vi TLCM tdi Uiinh tich Uii diu d lira mii 13 li 67,9% v i d liia wli 14 Uiip han vi dft 62,5° o, Didu niy hoin toin cd Uid ly giii bdi Uiinh tich thi diu cua VDV Karate-do lira wdi 13-14 khdng chi phy Uiupc vio dfe diem hinh Uiii, chiic ning tim - sinh ly vi tiinh dp TLtM mi cdn phy Uiupc vio cac yeu to khic nhu ky thuft, ehiln Uiuft
Ty tipng anh hudng cua cac chi sd: Hinh Uiai, chue nang tam - sinh ly va TLCM tdi Uiinh tich Uii diu cua nam VDV Karate-do liia wdi 13-14 dupe Ull hifn qua bilu dl 1 va 2:
• Ct\tc nirg iSni - s n CSC ydu 1A khAc
Bleu do 1, TV Iron^ anh hudng ciia cac \t'u to hinh iliiii, chiit- niinji tiiiii - sinh iyiisa TLCM Idi Ihanh Iich thi dfiu cua nam \ DS Kaiau--d(i 13 lui'iP''''*
Bieu do 2. Ty trpng anh hirdng cda cic yeu t l binh thii, chux: ning tim - sinh i>' v i TLCM tdi thanh tich tbi diu cua nam VDV Karate-do 14 tuii
Qua bidu dd 1 v i 2 cho thay, cac ydu td hinh thii, chiic ning tam - sinh Iy, TLCM deu cd tic dpng den thanh tich thi dau ciia nam VDV Karate-do lira Wdi 13-14, Tuy nhidn, miic dp inh budng cua moi ydu td cd khic nhau: Trong do, ydu td binh thai cd anh hudng it nhii tdi Uiinh tich thi diu cua VDV d ca lua wdi 13 va 14; Ydu to TLCM cd anh hudng Idn nhal tdi thanh tich thi dau cda VDV, Song cd the ndi ting, hinh thii, chiic ning tam - sinh ly vi TLCM tic dpng len thanh tich Uii diu vc ca ban ddu ding kd, chimg td de cd kdt qua tdt trong thi diu can hdt sue quan tam phii tiidn tit ci cie yeu td Iren,
Kdt qui xic dinh ty trpng anh hudng ciia cic ydu td hinh Uiii, chiic ning tam - sinh K di-n thanh tich Uii dau ciia nam \'D\' Karate-do lura Wdi 13-14 cdn cho phdp viet phuomg ninh uni; dyng Uong huan luyfn va kidm tia, dinh gii vi tri cac nhdm ydu to nhu sau:
- Lua wdi 13: "I'l 1. 2, 3, 4 ) = 0.152x I - 0,232x2 + 0,295x3 (1) - Liia Wdi 14: Y(l. 2, 3, 41 = 0,141x1 + 0,228x2 -I- 0,256x3 (2) Trong d i :
Y: La dau hifu chi thanh tich thi dau (thdng qua xep thii hfng thinh tich thi dau), xl: I-a diu hifu chi nhdm yeu td hinh thai
x2: Li dau hifu chi nhdm yeu tii chiie nang tam - sinh ly x3: La diu hifu chi nhdm yeu td TLCM
Vdi 2 phuang trinh tren cho ta thay miic dp anh hudng cua cic yeu td hinh thii, chiic ning va TLCM din Uianh tich Uii diu cua nam VDV Karate-do lita Wdi 13 va 14 la khic nhau,
KfeT LUAN
Da xic djnh mdi quan hf giiia cic ydu td: Hinh thii, chiic nang, the lyc chuyen mdn vi ty trpng inh hudng cua cac yeu td nay tdi thanh tich thi diu cua nam van dpng vien Karate- do Ilia wdi 13-14, qufn Long Bien, Uianh phd Ha Npi cho Uiiy: Cic ylu to hinh thii, chirc ning tam - sinh ly, TLCM ddu cd tic dpng din thanh tich thi diu cua nam VDV Karate-do Ilia Wdi 13-14, Tuy nhidn, mirc dp anh hudng cua moi ylu to cd khic nhau: Trong dd, ylu td hinh Uiai co inh hudng it nhit tdi thinh tich thi diu cua VDV d ca lura Wdi 13 vi 14 vi ylu t l TLCM cd inh hudng Idn nhit tdi Uiinh tieh thi diu ciia VDV,
TAI L i f u THAM KHAO
1, Aulic I, V (1982). Ddnh gid trinh dp tgp luyfn thi thao (Phfm Ngpc Tram djch), Nxb TDTT, Hi Npi,
2, Ld Buu, Nguyen The Truyen (1986), Kiim tra ndng lyc thi ehdl vd thi thao, Nxb TDTTThinhphoHCM,
3, Luu Quang Hifp, Phfm Thj Uyen (1995), Sinh ly hpc TDTT, Nxb TDTT, Hi Npi, 4, Luu Quang Hifp, Le Diic Chuang, Vu Chung Thuy, Ld Hdu Hung (2000), Y hpc TDTT. Nxb TDTT, Hi Npi,
5, Biii Thj Hiiu (1982), "Nghidn ciiu dfc didm hinh Uiii vi chiic ning sinh ly ciia VDV mpt s l mdn Ull Uiao", Bdn tin khoa hpc TDTT(5), ti, 10-16,
6, Nguyen Mfu Loan (1984), Lof i hinh Uiin kinh vi ning khilu Uil thao, Thdng lin khoa hpc TDTT. Nxb TDTT, Hi Npi,
7, Rudich R A (1980), Tdm ly hpc TDTT, Nxb TDTT, Hi Nfi,
